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[Cites 21, Cited by 0]

Delhi District Court

Sh. Amit Pahwa vs State Bank Of India on 30 July, 2016

       IN THE COURT OF SH. SHAILENDER MALIK:ADJ­
          16(CENTRAL) TIS  HAZARI COURTS: DELHI 



Suit No. 413/16/04
New No. 612345/16

In the matter of :­

Sh. Amit Pahwa
S/o Shri N. M. Pahwa
24, Furniture Block, 
Kirti Nagark, New Delhi.            ..... Plaintiff



                             Vs.

1.     State Bank of India
       South Extension, Part­I
       New Delhi,
       Through its Branch Manager

2.     State Bank of India
       Parliament Street,
       New Delhi
       Through it Gen. Manager

3.     Shri Ashok Parida
       147, Malviya Nagar
       New Delhi




CS No.413/16/2004                              Page No. 1/23
 4.     Smt. Neelima Bagaria
       W/o Shri Saroj Bagaria
       F­2/3, Okhla Industrial Area
       Phase - I, New Delhi 

5.     Standard Chartered Bank
       Narain Manzil
       23, Barakhamba Road
       New Delhi - 110001                                 ....Defendants

JUDGMENT

1 By   this   order   I   proposed   to   adjudicate   upon   following preliminary issues:­

1. Whether the suit of the plaintiff is not maintainable under   Section   18   of   "recovery   of   Debt   due   to   bank and Financial Institution Act 1993?"

2. Whether   the   Civil   Court   has   no   jurisdiction   to entertain   the   present   suit   in   view   of   the   provision under Section 17 Read with Section 34 SARAFSI Act?

2 Brief facts necessary for deciding the above mentioned issues are that plaintiff has filed the present suit for relief of declaration, injunction with the claim that he is owner in possession of property bearing No. C­4, West End Colony, New Delhi (suit property) having purchased the same from defendant no. 3 Ashok Parida by virtue of registered sale deed dated 18.01.2003. Defendant no. 3 stated to have CS No.413/16/2004 Page No. 2/23 purchased the property from defendant no. 4 Smt. Neelam Bagaria on 10.01.1995. It is mentioned that at the time when Smt. Neelam Bagaria   had   purchased   the   property   from   Ajit   Singh   s/o   Bhishan Singh the property was leasehold property and after completing the formalities, DDA converted the property into freehold and executed a Conveyance Deed dated 18.02.1994. It is stated all the above said chain   of  documents   pertaining   to  suit   property   is  in  possession   of plaintiff. 

3 It   is   further   mentioned   in   the   plaint   that   plaintiff   after purchasing   the   property   in   question   when   started   doing   some renovation work in February 2003, he came to know that property has been sealed by Vasant Vihar Police Station by order of Ld. MM. Immediately, thereafter plaintiff stated to have moved to the court of Ld. MM New Delhi,  by filing  an application, plaintiff was told that said property has already been released from the proceedings, which are pending before Hon'ble DRT as said property has been attached in the proceedings pending before DRT. 

4 Upon   making   inquiries   from   DRT   plaintiff   learnt   that   at request   of   defendant   no.   4   as   Director   of   M/s.   Vishal   Global   Ltd. credit facility was granted by State Bank of India in the year 1999 and  to secure the loan, it created  charge by way  of hypothecation CS No.413/16/2004 Page No. 3/23 over   its   whole   of   movable   properties   and   assets   and   furnished personal   guarantee   of   husband   of   defendant   no.   4   and   that   as   a collateral security it created an equitable mortgage by deposit of title documents   of   property   bearing   Plot   no.   4   in   Block   C,   Diplomatics Enclave   Extension   Cooperative   Society   now   know   as   Westered Colony, New Delhi and she personally visited the branch of Bank on 03.05.1999 to deposit the title documents. The facility was availed by the   company   and   the   finance   was   not   repaid   and   to   recover   the outstanding amount in the year 2000 suit was filed by the bank and during   the   pendency   of   the   matter   the   plaintiff   approached   the Recovery Officer claiming himself as the owner of the suit property as the same was sold to him by way of registered sale deed dated 18.01.2003 by defendant no. 3 who was Power of Attorney Holder of defendant no. 4. The Recovery Officer vide order dated 27.08.2003 held   that   it   cannot   ascertain   originality   of   documents   of   both   the parties and that the said development is beyond his jurisdiction and directed   the   parties   to   approach   the   competent   Civil   Court   for declaration of title vis a vis the said property.  

5 After   such   observations   given   by   the   Recovery   Officer, proceedings   regarding   suit   property   was   drop   by   order   dated 27.08.2003.   It   is  though   stated   that   appeal   has   been   preferred   by defendant no. 1 & 2 before presiding officer of DRT against the order CS No.413/16/2004 Page No. 4/23 of Recovery Officer. It is alleged by the defendant before the DRT that   defendant   no.   4   had   equitable   mortgage   suit   property   with defendant no. 1 on 03.05.1999 by depositing the original title deeds in respect of suit property. Whereas, she had sold the said property to defendant no. 3 on 10.01.1995 by executing sale documents like registered GPA, Agreement to sell, receipt, SPA, affidavit etc. all dt 10.01.1995 and entire consideration amount was paid by defendant no.   3   to   defendant   no.   4.   Thus,   it   was   prayed   that   by   decree   of possession, defendant no. 1 & 2 may be given directions to hand over the   possession   of   the   suit   property   to   plaintiff   ,   by   decree   of declaration   it   be   declared   that   plaintiff   is   the   owner   of   the   suit property,   further   it   be   declared   that   mortgage   deed   dt   3.05.1999 executed by defendant no. 4 in favour of defendant no. 1 & 2 is not a mortgage and is void as well as not binding on plaintiff. Plaintiff also prayed   for   injunction   to   restrain   defendants   from   disturbing   the possession of the plaintiff regarding suit property. 

6 During the WS on behalf of defendant  no. 1 & 2 was filed , taking the objection that suit is not maintainable, Civil Court has no jurisdiction to try the present suit in view of express bar of section 18 of Recovery of Debt due to Banks and Financial Institution Act 1993, otherwise   also   suit   is   not   maintainable   on   the   Doctrine   of  Res­ subjudice  because the subject matter of the suit is already pending CS No.413/16/2004 Page No. 5/23 before   DRT   in   Appeal   no.   32/03.   While   taking   various   other objections, it was also pleaded that plaintiff has no locus to institute the suit as the alleged sale deed on the basis of which plaintiff claims his title in suit property , was already mortgaged by defendant no. 4 with defendant no. 1 & 2 Bank thus,   the sale documents executed were void ab initio as suit property was mortgaged for credit facility taken by M/s. Vishal Global Ltd (VGL) by depositing the title deed of the   suit   property   and   since   VGL   failed   to   maintain   financial discipline and defaulted in payment of outstanding amount , a sum of   Rs.   7,   37,84,093.13   were   outstanding   against   VGL   regarding which  recovery proceedings were initiated against VGL  as well  as guarantor before DRT. It is pleaded that Honble Presiding  Officer DRT   vide   order   dt   22.09.2000   had   restrained   defendant   no.   4   i.e. Smt.   Neelima   Bagaria   from   disposing   off   or   dealing   with   the   suit property in any manner being a mortgage property.  On application of defendant no. 1 & 2 bank being IA No. 584/01, Hon'ble DRT vide order   dt   01.11.2001,   had   passed   the   order   of   attachment   of mortgaged suit property, information regarding which was published by public notice in newspaper. It is further pleaded that presiding officer,  Hon'ble DRT  vide order  dt  05.06.2002,  had  already  passed final   decree/   order   in   favour   of   defendant     no.   1   &   2   against   the certificate debtors being jointly and severally liable for sum of Rs. 7,37,84,093.13/­ with pendent lite and future interest @ 17.1% per CS No.413/16/2004 Page No. 6/23 annum   with   quarterly   rests,   further   ordered   that   above   said   sum may   be   recovered   by   sale   of   hypothecated   goods   /   mortgaged property. 

7 In the meanwhile, for initiation of recovery proceedings, before Recovery Officer, plaintiff filed the objection which was disposed off by   order   dt   27.08.2003,   whereby   Recovery   Officer   has   erroneously come to the conclusion that dispute of title has been created and such developments  was   held   by   him   to   be   beyond   his   jurisdiction.   it   is stated such order of the Recovery Officer was erroneous and illegal and therefore, defendant no. 1 & 2 have already filed appeal before Hon'ble presiding officer DRT­I, under Section 30 of  DRT Act 1993 wherein Hon'ble Presiding officer had already stayed the operation of order dt 27.08.03 passed by Recovery Officer. Therefore, the alleged sale   deed   of   mortgaged   property   by   defendant   no.   3   in   favour   of plaintiff is void and  illegal and no legal right has been created in favour of plaintiff. Moreover, in view of the provisions of Section 16 of Second  Schedule of  Income  Tax   Act  1961, law  is well settled  that alleged   sale   of   property   after   the   attachment   order   passed   by   the DRT, in respect of claims of defendant banks is void.  

8 Defendant  no. 3 & 4 did  not contest  the suit and  thus were proceeded exparte. During the pendency of the proceedings , issues CS No.413/16/2004 Page No. 7/23 were framed on 12.07.2006. Ld. Predecessor of this court vide order dt 14.12.2004, dismissed the application of plaintiff filed under order 39   Rule   1   &   2   CPC.   Reference   regarding   this   order   is   necessary because in that order ld. Predecessor of this court, gave a specific conclusion   that   jurisdiction   of   civil   court   is   barred   in   view   of provisions of section 17 r/w section 18 of DRT Act 1993. Although, at that   stage   no   specific   preliminary   issue   on   the   question   of maintainability of the suit was framed. It is also matter of record that during the pendency of the suit, an application under order 1 Rule 10 CPC was moved with the prayer for bringing on record the Standard   Chartered   Bank   as   defendant   no.   1   &   2   stated   to   have executed a deed of assignment dt 29.03.2006 whereby their debts due from M/s. VGL with all rights and interest in security were assigned in   favour   of   Standard   Chartered   Bank.   Vide   order   dt   01.05.2015, Standard   Chartered   Bank   was   also   impleaded   as   party   being defendant no. 5. 

9 Defendant no. 5 filed the WS taking similar objections as were taken on behalf of defendant no. 1 & 2, and has pleaded that present suit   is   abuse   of   process   of   law.   While   pleading   that   suit   is   not maintainable and while giving reference of previous background of the facts leading to passing of order dt 27.08.2003 by the Recovery Officer on the objections filed by plaintiff under Rule 11 of Second CS No.413/16/2004 Page No. 8/23 Schedule   of   Income   Tax   Act   1961,   it   is   stated   that   said   order   dt 27.08.03, of presiding officer has already been quashed in Appeal no. 32/03 by Hon'ble Presiding officer DRT. Moreover, plaintiffs herein had  preferred   Appeal bearing  MA  No. 52/06  before Hon'ble  DRAT challenging   the   order   dt   13.10.2005   of   DRT.   However,   Hon'ble DRAT, without interfering with order dt 13.10.2005, has remanded the matter vide order dt 24.04.2006, giving directions to the Recovery Officer   to   examine   the   correctness   of   the   rival   contentions   of   the parties   and   investigate   the   matter   in   terms   of   Rule   11   of   Second Schedule of Income Tax Act. Moreover, as per the directions given by Hon'ble  DRAT Recovery Officer has already rejected the claim of the plaintiff over the suit property vide order dt 12.02.14,   holding the claim / objections of the plaintiff to be devoid of merits. It is stated that  Recovery  Officer has specifically concluded that documents of title as relied upon by the plaintiff appears to be forged, Recovery Officer also found that alleged purchase of suit property by  objector on   meager   prices   of   Rs.10   lacs,   in   respect   of   property   situated   in plush area of Delhi create doubt. Moreover, objector / plaintiff herein failed to produce the original documents. It is stated that Recovery Officer while dismissing the objection had also imposed cost of Rs. 1 lacs. It is stated that order dt 12.02.14, of Recovery Officer has also been challenged in appeal no. 03/14, before DRT by the plaintiff. Said appeal   is   also   stated   to   be   pending   disposal   and   DRT   is   already CS No.413/16/2004 Page No. 9/23 seized off the matter and therefore the civil court has no jurisdiction to entertain the suit.  

10 Another   application   was   moved   under   Order   39   Rule   1   &   2 CPC by plaintiff which was also dismissed by Ld. Predecessor of this court vide order dt 19.10.15. This court vide order dt 21.04.16, taking into  account   the  pleadings   as  come  on  record  and   considering   the specific   objection   taken   on   behalf   of   defendant   no.   1,   2   &   5   had framed   the   issues   under   consideration   and   taken   up   them   as preliminary issue.

11 I have heard ld. Counsels for the parties and has gone through the   record   carefully.   Before   we   examine   the   facts,   we   need   to understand the legal history of the Recovery of Debts Due to Banks and  Financial Institutions Act, 1993 as well  as Securitization and Reconstruction   of   Financial   Assets   and   Enforcement   of   Security Interest Act, 2002 , to examine the maintainability of the suit. With a view to give impetus to the industrial development of the country, the Central and State Governments encouraged the Banks and other financial institutions to formulate liberal policies for grant of loans and   other   financial   facilities   to   those   who   wanted   to   set   up   new industrial   units   or   expand   the   existing   units.   Many   hundred thousand took advantage of easy financing by the Banks and other CS No.413/16/2004 Page No. 10/23 financial institutions but a large number of them did not repay the amount of loan, etc. Due to lack of adequate infrastructure and non­ availability of manpower, the Regular Courts could not accomplish the task of expeditiously adjudicating the cases instituted by Banks and other financial institutions for recovery of their dues. As a result, several hundred crores of public money got blocked in unproductive ventures. Government of India therefore constituted a committee to examine the legal and other difficulties faced by Banks and financial institutions   in   the   recovery   of   their   dues   and   suggest   remedial measures. 

12 Tiwari Committee noted that the existing procedure for recov­ ery was very cumbersome and suggested that Special Tribunals be set up for recovery of the dues of Banks and financial institutions by following   a   summary   procedure.   The   Tiwari   Committee   also   pre­ pared a draft of the proposed legislation which contained a provision for disposal of cases in three months and conferment of power upon the Recovery Officer for expeditious execution of orders made by ad­ judicating bodies. After considering the reports of Tiwari Committee and   of   Committee   on   the   Financial   System   headed   by   Shri   M. Narasimham, the Parliament enacted the Recovery of Debts Due to   Banks   and   Financial   Institutions   Act,   1993  (for   short,   'the DRT Act'). The new legislation facilitated creation of specialized Fo­ CS No.413/16/2004 Page No. 11/23 rums i.e. the Debts Recovery Tribunals and the Debts Recovery Ap­ pellate Tribunals for expeditious adjudication of disputes relating to recovery of the debts due to Banks and financial institutions. Simul­ taneously,   the   jurisdiction   of   the   Civil   Courts   was   barred   and   all pending matters were transferred to the Tribunals from the date of their establishment.

13 An analysis of the provisions of the DRT Act shows that pri­ mary object of that Act was to facilitate creation of special machinery for speedy recovery of the dues of Banks and financial institutions. This is the reason why the DRT Act not only provides for establish­ ment of the Tribunals and the Appellate Tribunals with the jurisdic­ tion, powers and authority to make summary adjudication of applica­ tions made by Banks or financial institutions and specifies the modes of recovery of the amount determined by the Tribunal or the Appel­ late Tribunal but also bars the jurisdiction of all courts except the Supreme Court and the High Courts in relation to the matters speci­ fied in section 17. The Tribunals and the Appellate Tribunals have also been freed from the following procedure contained in the Code of Civil Procedure. So in other words, the DRT Act has not only brought into existence special procedural mechanism for speedy recovery of the dues of Banks and financial institutions, but also made provision CS No.413/16/2004 Page No. 12/23 for ensuring that defaulting borrowers are not able to invoke the ju­ risdiction of Civil Courts for frustrating the proceedings initiated by the Banks and other financial institutions.

14 Thereafter,  survey conducted by the Ministry of Finance, Gov­ ernment   of   India   revealed   that   as   in   2001,   a   sum   of   more   than Rs.1,20,000/­ crores was due to the Banks and financial institutions and this was adversely affecting the economy of the country. There­ fore, the Government of India asked the Narasimham Committee to suggest measures for expediting the recovery of debts due to Banks and   financial   institutions.   In   its   Second   Report,   the   Narasimham Committee noted that the non­performing assets of most of the pub­ lic sector Banks were abnormally high and the existing mechanism for recovery of the same was wholly insufficient. The Andhyarujina Committee   constituted   by   the   Central   Government   for   examining Banking sector reforms also considered the need for changes in the legal system. Both, the Narasimham and Andhyarujina Committees suggested   enactment   of   new   legislation   for   securitisation   and   em­ powering the Banks and financial institutions to take possession of the securities and sell them without intervention of the court. The Government of India accepted the recommendations of the two com­ mittees and that led to enactment of the  Securitization and Re­ CS No.413/16/2004 Page No. 13/23 construction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest   Act,   2002  (for   short   'the   SRFAESI   Act'),   which   can   be termed as one of the most radical legislative measures for ensuring that dues of secured creditors including Banks, financial institutions are recovered from the defaulting borrowers without any obstruction.

15 Section 13 of the SRFAESI Act contains detailed mechanism for enforcement of security interest. Section 13 (1) lays down that any security interest created in favour of any secured creditor may be enforced, without the intervention of the Court or Tribunal, by such creditor in accordance with the provisions of this Act. Sub­ section (4) of section 13 specifies various modes which can be adopted by the se­ cured creditor for recovery of secured debt. The secured creditor can take possession of the secured assets of the borrower and transfer the same by way of lease, assignment or sale for realising  the se­ cured assets. In terms of section 14, the secured creditor can file an application before the Chief Metropolitan Magistrate or the District Magistrate, within whose jurisdiction the secured asset or other doc­ uments relating thereto are found for taking possession thereof. If any such request is made, the Chief Metropolitan Magistrate or the District Magistrate, as the case may be, is obliged to take possession CS No.413/16/2004 Page No. 14/23 of such asset or document and forward the same to the secured credi­ tor.

16 Section 17 speaks of the remedies available to any person in­ cluding borrower who may have grievance against the action taken by the secured creditor under Sub­ section (4) of section 13. Such an aggrieved person can make an application to the Tribunal within 45 days from the date on which action is taken under that sub­ section. Section 18 provides for an appeal to the Appellate Tribunal. Section 34 lays down that no Civil Court shall have jurisdiction to entertain any suit or proceeding in respect of any matter which a Tribunal or Appellate Tribunal is empowered to determine. It further lays down that no injunction shall be granted by any Court or other authority in respect of any action taken or to be taken under the SRFAESI Act or the DRT Act. Section 35 of the SRFAESI Act is substantially simi­ lar to section 34(1) of the DRT Act. It declares that the provisions of this   Act   shall   have   effect,   notwithstanding   anything   inconsistent therewith contained in any other law for the time being in force or any instrument having effect by virtue of any such law.

17 Several   writ   petitions   were   filed   in   the   High   Courts   and Supreme Court questioning validity of this Act, matter was finally CS No.413/16/2004 Page No. 15/23 decided by Hon'ble Apex Court in  Mardia Chemicals  v.  Union of India,  (2004) 4 SCC 311 and the validity of the SRFAESI Act was upheld except the condition of deposit of 75% amount enshrined in section   17(2).   The   Court   referred   to   the   recommendations   of   the Narasimham and Andhyarujina Committees on the issue of constitu­ tion of Special Tribunals to deal with cases relating to recovery of the dues of Banks etc. Supreme Court then held that the borrower can challenge the action taken under section 13(4) by filing an applica­ tion under section 17 of the SRFAESI Act and a civil suit can be filed within the narrow scope and on the limited grounds on which they are permissible in the matters relating to an English mortgage en­ forceable without intervention of the Court. 

18 After   understanding   the   background,   object   &   scope   of "Recovery   of   Debts   Due   to   Banks   and   Financial   Institutions   Act, 1993 ( 'DRT Act') as well as of Securitization and Reconstruction of Financial   Assets   and   Enforcement   of   Security   Interest   Act,   2002 ( 'SRFAESI Act'). Coming now to present case, counsel for Plaintiff, in light facts of suit as discussed above, submitted with great amount positivity, that jurisdiction of Civil Court is not out rightly ousted by provisions of Section 17 Of DRT Act, he submits that for adjudication of proprietary rights in a property, can be adjudicated upon by civil Court, while refereing to section 17 it is submitted that this provision CS No.413/16/2004 Page No. 16/23 confers jurisdiction on the DRT to entertain and decide applications from the banks and financial institutions for recovery of debts due to such   banks   and   financial   institutions.   It   is   submitted   that   this provision does not cover the right of a person to approach civil court for   his   civil   rights   in   respect   of   property   of   which   he   bona   fide purchaser, he submitted that even such facts may have even come in defence in proceedings before recovery officer but those proceedings before recovery officer by itself, do not take away jurisdiction of civil court   to   adjudicate   on   these   issues.   Ld.   Counsel   has   relied   upon judgment in Nahar Industrial Enterprises Ltd. v. Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corporation,  (2009) 8 SCC 646, judgment of High Court of Mumbai, Nagpur Branch in "Authorized officer Vs. Shri Sagar and ors. " decided on 11.02.2011. 

19 On   other   hand   Ld.   Counsel   for   defendant   submitted   that jurisdiction of Civil court is expressly barred, specifically when the object of DRT Act is to ensure speedy adjudication & enforcements of recovery claims of banks and financial institutes against creditors, more specifically in present case when the objections of plaintiff here in has already been dismissed by recovery officer and plaintiff is also filing appeal against that order of recovery officer before |DRT and simultaneously pursuing this suit. It is submitted that the spirit of law   does   not   permit   the   plaintiff   to   prosecute   his   claim   in   two CS No.413/16/2004 Page No. 17/23 parallel judicial proceedings, he submits that provisions of section 17 r/w   18   of   DRT   Act   clearly   contemplates   consideration   of   all   the objections which can be raised even including claim regarding title , by recovery officer or other forums under the DRT Act and therefore, civil   court   has   been   expressedly   barred   to   entertain   such   suits   in respect of secured / mortgaged properties.  

20 Having considered the submissions of Ld. Counsels for parties and having considered facts of present case, before I discuss facts of case,   I   find   that   scope   of   section   17   of   Recovery   of   Debts   Due   to Banks and Financial Institutions Act, 1993 vis a vis jurisdiction of civil court to entertain the suit, has been considered by High Court in Radnik Exports Vs Standard Chartered Bank 211 (2014) DLT 436, wherein it was held that section 17 has the jurisdiction, power and authority to decide on the defence to an application for recovery of debt filed before it. Once the DRT is held to have such a power, the jurisdiction of the Civil Court to declare existence of a state of affairs which is a defence to a claim before the DRT, has to be necessarily held to be barred. Hon'able High Court has observed as:

"The   preamble   to   the   DRT   Act   describes   the same as "an Act to provide for the establishment of tribunals for expeditious adjudication and recovery of   debts   due   to   banks   and   financial   institutions CS No.413/16/2004 Page No. 18/23 and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto";   Section   3   thereof   provides   for establishment of tribunals to be known as DRTs, to   exercise   the   jurisdiction,   power   and   authority conferred thereon by the Act. Section 17 provides that such a tribunal shall exercise the jurisdiction, power   and   authority   to   entertain   and   'decide' applications   from   the   banks   and   financial institutions for recovery of debts due to such banks and financial institutions. Section 18 provides that no   Court   or   other   authority   shall   have   or   be entitled   to   exercise   any   jurisdiction,   powers   or authority   in   relation   to   the   matters   specified   in Section   17.   Section   19,   while   laying   down   the procedure   to   be   followed   by   the   DRTs,   in   sub Section   (1)   thereof   provides   for   filing   of   an application by the bank or the financial institution which has to recover any debt from any person; in Sub­   Section   (4)   thereof   provides   for   issuance   of notice   to   show   cause   by   the   DRT   to   the   person from whom recovery is sought, as to why the relief of recovery prayed for should not be granted; Sub­ Section (5) thereof provides for such person from whom   recovery   is   sought   to   present   a   written statement of his defence; Sub­ Section (20) thereof provides for passing of a final order by the DRT on such   application   of   the   bank   for   recovery,   after giving   the   applicant   bank   and   the   defendant   an opportunity of being heard..... From the procedure prescribed   in   Section   19,   to   be   followed   by   the DRT,   it   is   evident   that   the   DRT,   in adjudication/decision   of   the   applications   of   the bank/financial   institution   for   recovery   of   debts, while   deciding   on   the   entitlement   of   the bank/financial   institution   to   such   debt   is   to   also CS No.413/16/2004 Page No. 19/23 adjudicate/decide   the   cause   shown   by   the defendant   in   such   application,   of   the bank/financial institution being not entitled to the relief of recovery sought. If the DRT were to be not authorized, or to not have jurisdiction or power or authority   to   decide   on   such   defence   of   the defendant   to   an   application   for   recovery   filed before it, Sub­  Sections  (4)  and  (5) of  Section 19 would not have provided for issuance of a notice to show cause to such a defendant or for filing of a written statement/defence by such defendant and passing of an order on the application for recovery only   thereafter....The  use  in  Section  17(1)   of  the Act   of   the   words   "decide   applications   from   the banks   and   financial   institutions   for   recovery   of debts   due"   entails,   in   the   light   of   the   aforesaid provisions   of   Section   19   a   decision   also   on   the defence raised to such applications. This is further re­enforced from Sub­sections (6) and (8) of Section 19   which   permit   a   defendant   to   such   an application, to besides presenting his defence, also claim a set­off or make a counter­claim and from Sub­sections (7) and (9) which provide for such set­ off and counter­claim to be having the same effect as a cross suit and which require the DRT to pass a final order not only on the claim of the bank but also   on   the   set­off   or   counter­claim   of   the defendant   to   such   an   application.   This   is   yet further   fortified   from   Section   20   providing   for appeals to the DRAT not only by the bank but also by   any   person   aggrieved   from   the   order   of   the DRT. If the DRT were not to adjudicate and decide of the defence of the defendant to the application for   recovery   of   debt,   there   would   have   been   no need to provide for an appeal to the DRAT by such CS No.413/16/2004 Page No. 20/23 a defendant." 

21 Thus, it is clear that civil court has no jurisdiction on issues already   raised   before   recovery   officer   &   decided   upon.   So   far   as judgment   of   Hon'ble   Apex   Court   in   Nahar   Industrial   Enterprises Ltd. (SUPRA) now doubt in that case, it was held that plaintiff being dominus litus  may institute a suit, and civil court is not barred to entertain a suit of civil nature and a person who is not the debtor can maintain a suit before civil court, but it must be kept in mind that facts of that case were altogether different as in that case, Hon'ble Supreme Court was considering the issue as to whether High Court of   Supreme   Court   has   power   to   transfer   a   suit   pending   in   a   civil court of one state to DRT situated in another state.   In that case, High   Court   on   application   moved   by   bank   ,   while   exercising   the power under section 24 of CPC, transferred a civil suit to DRT before which bank had already initiated recovery proceedings on the basis of same agreements / transactions.   Reading the judgment of Apex Court in Nahar's case would clearly indicate that Hon'ble Supreme Court was not considering the question of maintainability of civil suit vis a vis bar of section 18 of DRT Act.  Therefore,  that judgment of Hon'ble Supreme Court is of no help to counsel for the plaintiff in the present case.  Similarly , the another judgment of Nagpur Bench of High   Court   of   Mumbai   in  Authorized   Officer   vs.   Shri   Sagar CS No.413/16/2004 Page No. 21/23 (SUPRA)  , is also distinguishable in the factual and legal context.

In that case, issue as to maintainability of the suit under section 34 of SRFAESI ACT 2002 , in that case, it was held while discussing the provisions of act of 2002 and also considering the judgment of Apex Court in Mardia Chemicals Ltd.'s  case that  in certain aspects, civil   court   has   jurisdiction   to   entertain   the   suit.   Apparently,   the observation given on that judgment were altogether on a different context and thus can be of no help for plaintiffs in the present suit. 

22 Moreover, the present suit was filed precisely on the basis of findings   given   by   the   Recovery   Officer   earlier   vide   his   order   dt 27.08.2003,   when   Recovery   officer   concluded   that   issue   regarding title raised by the plaintiff in that objection is beyond his jurisdiction and same can be seen only by the civil court. Such findings of the recovery   officer   has   already   been   quashed   by   DRT   in   appeal   no. 32/03   vide   order   dt   13.10.2005   and   such   order   of   DRT   has   been upheld   even  by   DRAT   vide  order   dt  20.04.2006,   whereby   recovery officer   was   given   directions   to   examine   the   correctness   of   claims made by plaintiff in his objections before Recovery officer. Recovery officer has already dismissed the objections of the plaintiff vide order dt 12.02.14, specifically holding the documents of title relied upon by the plaintiff in support of his objections   (as they have been relied upon   in   the   present   suit   also)   appears   to   be   forged.   Even   if   the CS No.413/16/2004 Page No. 22/23 findings   rendered   by   Recovery   Officer   vide   order   dt   12.02.14   are challenged by way of appeal no. 03/14, before DRT, this court cannot be over and above the jurisdiction of DRT when matter is already seized   before   Hon'ble   DRT   thus   I   find   the   present   suit   is   not maintainable   before   the   civil   court   and   therefore,   present   suit   is barred   by   section   18   of   DRT   Act   1993,   as   well   as   section   34   of SRFAESI   ACT   2002.   Both   the   issues   thus   decided   against   the plaintiff and suit is held to be not maintainable.  

ANNOUNCED IN THE                                      (SHAILENDER MALIK)
  OPEN COURT ON                                           ADJ­16 (CENTRAL)
       30.07.2016                               TIS HAZARI COURTS:DELHI




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