Delhi District Court
Anisha Jain & Anr. vs . Ultra Home Construction on 3 August, 2018
IN THE COURT OF SH. PRAYANK NAYAK, MM02,
KKD/SHD/DELHI.
R.No. 372/17
PS : Madhu Vihar
03.08.2018
Anisha Jain & Anr. vs. Ultra Home construction
At 4.00 PM.
Present: None.
1.By way of this order, I shall dispose of application filed by the accused company for the stay of present proceedings u/s 138 NI Act. It is stated in the application that by virtue of Section 14 of Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, the present proceedings cannot be continued as the concerned adjudicating authority has declared moratorium on institution of suits or continuation of suits or proceedings against the accused company.
2. The application has been strongly opposed by the counsel for the complainant, who has argued that Section 14 of Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 will have no application in the present case,which is in the nature of criminal proceedings u/s 138 NI Act.
3. I have heard the arguments and perused the record.
Anisha Jain & Anr. vs. Ultra Home Construction Page No. 74. Section 14 of Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 empowers the adjudicating authority to prohibits the institution of suits or continuation of pending suits or proceedings against the corporate debtor including execution of any judgment, order or decree in any court of law, Tribunal, Arbitration Panel or other authority. It is relevant to note that the aforesaid section does not mention the word criminal proceedings. The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 has been enacted to amend and consolidate the law relating to reorganisation and insolvency resolution in a time bound manner and its provision cannot be said to be applicable to criminal cases. Further, in absence of the use of word 'criminal proceedings or complaint', it cannot be said that suit or proceedings would include criminal proceedings or criminal complaint. Hence, Section 14 cannot be interpreted in the manner that term 'suit' or 'proceedings' will include criminal proceedings.
5. Further, Section 14 of Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code , 2016 is similar to section 446 of the Companies Act, 1956. As per Section 446 of the companies Act, after the winding up order has been passed or official liquidator has been appointed, no suit or legal proceedings can commence or proceeded without the leave of the concerned court. The question whether Section 446 of the Companies Act, 1956 include criminal proceedings, arose before the Division Bench of Hon'ble High Court of Delhi in case titled D.K. Kapur vs Reserve Bank Of India & Ors. Decided on 19 January, 2001, wherein it was held that Anisha Jain & Anr. vs. Ultra Home Construction Page No. 7 "14. The scope and meaning of expressions "other legal proceedings" or "proceedings" under section 446(1) came up for consideration before the Supreme Court in the context of Income tax proceedings in S.V. Kondaskar Vs. V. M. Deshpande . It was observed that the expression "other legal proceedings" in this section cannot be extended to Income Tax proceedings as these cannot appropriately be dealt with by the company court. It was held: "While holding these assessment proceedings the Incometax Officer does not, in our view, perform the functions of a Court as contemplated by Section 446(2) of the Act. Looking at the legislative history and the scheme of the Indian Companies Act, particularly the language of Section 446 read as a whole, it appears to us that the expression "other legal proceeding" in sub section (1) and the expression "legal proceeding" in subsection (2) convey the same sense and the proceedings in both the subsections must be such as can appropriately be dealt with by the winding up court.
It was further held: The liquidation Court, in our opinion, cannot perform the functions of Incometax Officers while assessing the amount of tax payable by the assesses even if the assessed be the company which is being wound up by the Court. The orders made by the Incometax Officer in the course of assessment or reassessment proceedings are subject to appeal to the higher hierarchy under the Incometax Act. There are also provisions for reference to the High Court and for appeals from the decisions of the High Court to the Supreme Court and then there are provisions for revision by the Commissioner of Incometax. It would lead to anomalous consequences if the winding up Court were to be held empowered to transfer the assessment proceedings to itself and assess the company to incometax.
15. The reasoning adopted by the Supreme Court in the above case would be fully applicable to the facts at hand. Complaints under the penal provisions of other statutes against the company or its directors, (except those provided under the Companies Act) cannot be appropriately dealt with by the company court. Orders passed by the criminal court are subject to the appeal and revision etc. under the Code of Criminal Procedure. If the (sic) court is held to be empowered to transfer these criminal proceedings to itself it would lead to anomalous consequences.
Anisha Jain & Anr. vs. Ultra Home Construction Page No. 716. While considering the prosecution of directors for violations of the provisions of Provident Fund Act, the Supreme court in Rabindra Chamrior vs. Registrar of Companies, 1992(Supp) (2) SCC 10 considered the scope of the expression "Any proceedings" in section 633 of the Act and held that it cannot save directors of the company from liability or prosecution for violating these provisions. It was observed that such a relief can be granted only in case of proceedings arising under the Companies Act and not under other acts. It was held: "Under S.633 of the Companies Act relief cannot be extended in respect of any liability under any Act other than the Companies Act. The expression 'any proceeding' in S.633 cannot be read out of context and treated in isolation. It must be construed in the light of the penal provisions. Otherwise the penal clauses under the various other Acts would be rendered ineffective by application of S.633. Again, if Parliament intended 633 to have a coverage wider than the Act, it would have specifically provided for it as, otherwise, it is a sound rule of construction to confine the provisions of a statute to itself. The powers under subs. (2) of S.633 must be restricted in respect of proceedings arising out of the violation of the Companies Act. Subsection (2) cannot apply to proceeding instituted against the officer of the company to enforce the liability arising out of violation of provisions of other statutes.
17. While dealing with the provisions of Section 179 of the Companies Act, 1913 (corresponding to section 457 of the Companies Act, 1956) the Supreme Court in Jeswantrai Manilal Akhaney Vs. The State of Bombay, 1956 S.C. 575 observed that in Section 179(457) of the Act cannot be construed to restrict powers of the criminal court to take cognizance of an offence or powers of the police or even of a private citizen to move the machinery of the criminal courts. It was held: "There is nothing in Section 179 of the Companies Act, 1913 which can be construed as restricting the powers of the Court to take cognizance of an offence or the powers of the police to initiate prosecution or even of a private citizen to move the machinery of the criminal Courts to bring an offender like the managing director of a company to justice. For a prosecution for breach of trust even by a director of a company no such condition precedent as the Anisha Jain & Anr. vs. Ultra Home Construction Page No. 7 previous sanction of any authority is contemplated by law, unless it is a prosecution in the name and on behalf of the company by the official liquidator who has to incur expenses out of the Funds of the company. Section 179 is an enabling provision to enable the liquidator to do certain things with the sanction of the Court. It does not control the general law of the land.
18. When the powers of criminal court to take cognizance and power of an aggrieved person to institute any criminal proceedings against the company under liquidation are fully protected, can it said that power of a citizen would be subject to the sanction under section 446 of the Companies Act? The answer has to be in the negative.
19. In this regard some light can also be drawn from a recent decision of Supreme Court in BSI Ltd. and Anr. Vs. Gift Holdings Pvt. Ltd. & Anr . In this case the Apex Court construed scope and ambit of Section 22 of Sick Industrial Companies (Special Provisions) Act, 1985 (for short 'SICA) while considering the maintainability of criminal complaints under section 138 read with section 141 of Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, against the companies, which have approached the Board for Industrial Finance and Reconstruction seeking declaration under SICA, that they have become sick. It was held that: "The said contention is (sic) of merits. The word "suit" envisaged in Section 22(1) cannot be stretched to criminal prosecutions. The suit mentioned therein is (sic) to "recovery of money or for enforcement of any security against the industrial company (sic) of any guarantee in respect of any loans or advance granted to the industrial company". As the suit is clearly deline (sic) in the provision itself, the context would not admit of any other stretching process."
20. Learned counsel for the appellant in support of their contention heavily placed reliance on the judgment of a Single Judge of Gujarat High Court in Harish C. Raskapoor and Ors. Vs. Jafebrhai Mohmedbhai Chhatpar (1989) 65 Com Case 163 wherein it was observed that the expression "proceedings" under section 391(6) of the Act includes "criminal proceedings" as well wherein reliance was placed on a Single Bench decision of this court in Official Liquidator Vs. R.C. Abrol (1977) 47 Comp Case 537. In that case Official Liquidator had filed criminal complaint against Directors and other officials of the company under sections 538 and 541 of the Act on account of their failure Anisha Jain & Anr. vs. Ultra Home Construction Page No. 7 to hand over books of account and records of the company in the High Court which had ordered its winding. Leanred Judge, after examining the various provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure (for short Cr.P.C.) held that cognizance of an offence can be taken only by the Magistrate's court and that the High Courts power to take cognizance of a complaint was (sic) to complaints filed under sub section (5A) of sections 454 of the Act. It was held that High Court had no jurisdiction to take cognizance of any other offence. It was in this context observed that under section 446(3) of the Act read with section 407 Cr.P.C. High Court could transfer criminal complaint from the Magistrate's court to itself for trial. Learned Judge neither examined nor decided the issue whether the expression "suit" or "other legal proceedings"
occurring under section 446 of the Act include criminal proceedings. The focus of the entire discussion was not that whether criminal complaint can be construed to be included in the expression "other legal proceedings"
under section 446(1) of the Act. We are unable to agree with the observations made therein that the expression "other legal proceedings" under section 446(1) also includes the criminal proceedings. The expression "other legal proceedings" must be read in ejusdem generis with the expression "suit" in section 446 of the Act. If so read it can only refer to any civil proceedings and criminal proceedings have to be excluded. Therefore, no permission was required to be taken from Company Court for filing criminal complaint either against the company or against its directors.
21. This conclusion also finds support by the view taken by Bombay and Andhra Pradesh High Courts in the cases reported in Firth (India) Steel Co. Ltd. (In Liqn.) AIR 1999 Bombay, 75; Orkay Industries Ltd. Vs. State of Maharashtra 1998(2) Mh.L.J.910 and Nagarjuna Finance Ltd. Vs. Kanosika Laboratories Ltd. (In Liquidation) 1998 Company Casess (Vol. 94) 127.
22. As we have held that the expression "suit" or "other legal proceedings"
in section 446(1) and expression "suit or proceedings" under section 446(2) of the Companies Act, 1956 do not include a "criminal proceedings". Therefore, we need not address ourselves to the other question whether opportunity of being heard under rule 117 of the Company Court Rules 1959 ought to have been given to the appellant or not".Anisha Jain & Anr. vs. Ultra Home Construction Page No. 7
6. As seen above, Hon'ble High court of Delhi has stated that terms suit or proceedings will not include criminal proceedings. Since the language of Section 446 of the Companies Act, 1956 is also similar to Section 14 of Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, this court is of the view that Section 14 of Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code is not applicable to the present proceedings u/s 138 NI Act. Accordingly, application stands dismissed.
Now to come up for framing of notice on 05.11.2018.
(Prayank Nayak) MM02/KKD/SHD/Delhi 03.08.2018 Anisha Jain & Anr. vs. Ultra Home Construction Page No. 7