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[Cites 5, Cited by 0]

Delhi High Court

Vikram Swami vs Union Of India And Ors on 18 May, 2023

Author: Satish Chandra Sharma

Bench: Chief Justice, Subramonium Prasad

                                                        Neutral Citation Number: 2023:DHC:4494-DB

                          $~38.
                          *     IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI
                          +                                       Date of Decision: 18.05.2023
                          %     W.P.(C) 12949/2021 and C.M. Nos. 40781/2021, 43477/2021,
                                30337/2022 & 30344/2022
                                VIKRAM SWAMI                                ..... Petitioner
                                                  Through: Mr. Ankur Chhibber, Mr. Anshuman
                                                           Mehrotra & Mr. Nikunj Arora,
                                                           Advocates.
                                           versus
                                UNION OF INDIA AND ORS                      ..... Respondents
                                                  Through: Mr. Anurag Ahluwalia, CGSC, for
                                                           Respondents No.1 to 3/ UOI.
                                CORAM:
                                HON'BLE THE CHIEF JUSTICE
                                HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE SUBRAMONIUM PRASAD
                          SATISH CHANDRA SHARMA, CJ. (ORAL)

                          1.     The Writ Petition has been filed stating it to be in public interest and
                          would benefit a large number of citizens who aspire to join the armed forces.
                          2.     The Petitioner‟s grievance is that the Indian Navy is discriminating in
                          the matter of recruitment of personnel below officer rank (PBOR) by
                          evolving a short-listing criteria even before the written examination, and the
                          act of the Indian Navy in short-listing the candidates even before the
                          commencement of examination is bad in law. The Petitioner has prayed for
                          the following reliefs.
                                 "a) Issue a Writ of Certiorari for quashing of the advertisement
                                 issued by the Respondents in the employment news dated 16-22
                                 October, 2021 to the extent whereby the Indian Navy has
                                 reserved its right for short listing the Applicants by increasing
                                 the cut off marks obtained by them in class 10+2 examination,
                                 contrary to the already laid down eligibility criteria in the said
                                 advertisement, after their applications were received by them
                                 for recruitment as PBOR(s) in the Indian Navy; and


                          W.P.(C.) No.12949/2021                                                Page 1 of 18
Signature Not Verified
Digitaaly Signed
By:BHUPINDER SINGH
ROHELLA
Signing Date:05.07.2023
14:33:55
                                      Neutral Citation Number: 2023:DHC:4494-DB

              b) Issue a Writ of Mandamus directing the Respondents to
              consider all candidates, who are fulfilling the eligibility criteria
              laid out in the advertisement, to take part in the selection
              process by issuing admit cards to them for the post they have
              applied for; and
              c) Pass any such orders as the Hon'ble Court may deem fit in
              the light of above mentioned facts and circumstances of the
              case."
  3.          The Petitioner in the Writ Petition has described the process of
  recruitment of enrollment as a personnel below officer rank in the armed
  forces. He contended that Army, Air Force and Navy conducts their
  independent selection process through various selection boards.
  4.          The Petitioner has further stated that earlier also, a PIL was preferred
  i.e. W.P.(C.) No. 8678/2017 titled Onkar Choudhary Vs. Union of India &
  Ors. challenging the methodology adopted by the Navy and Air Force in
  short-listing the candidates by increasing the cut-off marks obtained by the
  candidates in class 10+2 examination, and during the pendency of the
  aforesaid Writ Petition, the Indian Air Force as well as Indian Navy had
  filed an affidavit and the grievance raised in the PIL was redressed. The PIL
  preferred in the aforesaid matter was disposed of on 24.04.2019. However,
  the Indian Navy still continuing with the process of short-listing candidates
  by increasing the cut-off marks obtained by them in the class 10+2
  examination. The Petitioner has prayed for quashment of the advertisement
  published in Employment News dated 16-22.10.2021. The advertisement
  dated 16-22.10.2021 is reproduced as under:




  W.P.(C.) No.12949/2021                                                    Page 2 of 18
Signature Not Verified
Digitaaly Signed
By:BHUPINDER SINGH
ROHELLA
Signing Date:05.07.2023
14:33:55
                                                    Neutral Citation Number: 2023:DHC:4494-DB




                          ""
                          W.P.(C.) No.12949/2021                                    Page 3 of 18
Signature Not Verified
Digitaaly Signed
By:BHUPINDER SINGH
ROHELLA
Signing Date:05.07.2023
14:33:55
                                     Neutral Citation Number: 2023:DHC:4494-DB

  5.          A detailed and exhaustive reply has been filed on behalf of
  Respondents, and the Respondents have stated that the Petitioner does not
  have any locus to file the Petition. It is further stated that the present case is
  a Public Interest Litigation in a service matter which deserves to be
  dismissed.

  6.          The Respondents have also stated that the Petitioner is guilty of
  suppressing facts before this Court by stating that he does not have any
  personal interest in the litigation but, in fact, the Petitioner himself was an
  Applicant for sailor‟s entry, and submitted his application for the post of
  Sailor in Indian Navy as Artificer Apprentice (hereinafter to be referred as
  „AA‟)/ Senior Secondary Recruit (hereinafter to be referred as „SSR‟) during
  the year 2019, 2020 and 2021 for entry into Matric Recruitment (hereinafter
  to be referred as „MR‟) in the October 2020 batch.

  7.          The Respondents have further stated that out of the four attempts, the
  Petitioner absented himself in one, and was not selected in the remaining
  three attempts.

  8.          The Respondents have further stated that the Petitioner - who himself
  was an Applicant for the recruitment batch in August, 2021, wherein, the
  same short-listing process, which was in existence earlier also, was adhered
  to apply, has filed a PIL and it is nothing but personal interest litigation.

  9.          The Respondents have further stated that the advertisement for
  recruitment of Sailors as SSRs/ AAs is published twice in a year in the
  month of May-June and September-October, respectively and the selection
  procedure provided under the advertisement is as under:

  W.P.(C.) No.12949/2021                                                   Page 4 of 18
Signature Not Verified
Digitaaly Signed
By:BHUPINDER SINGH
ROHELLA
Signing Date:05.07.2023
14:33:55
                                                             Neutral Citation Number: 2023:DHC:4494-DB

                                 "
                                     i.)          Advertisement for recruitment is published in
                                            employment news and leading newspaper across the
                                            country    as    well     as   on    the    website;
                                            „www.joinindiannavy.gov.in‟.

                                     ii.)          Candidates are to fill online form on website
                                            www.joinindiannavy.gov.in and upload scanned copy of
                                            Class 10 and Class 12 mark sheets and Domicile
                                            Certificate on the website.

                                     iii.)      Shortlising of candidates in carried out State-wise,
                                          based on marks obtained in the qualifying (Class 12).
                                          The shortlisted candidates are issued admit cards for the
                                          next stage (written exam & physical fitness test). The
                                          number of candidates shortlisted (10,000 candidates for
                                          AA/SSR - 01/2022 batch) is based on the „testing
                                          capacity‟ of the Indian Navy.
                                     iv.)      The shortlisted candidates undergo written
                                         examination and physical fitness test at designated Naval
                                         Recruitment Establishments.

                                     v.)           Merit List is compiled based on marks obtained in
                                            the written examination (Stage II), subject to candidates
                                            qualifying in physical fitness test. The candidates
                                            featuring in the merit list are given the call up letter for
                                            enrolment medical examination at Chilka.
                                     vi.)      On reporting at INS Chilka, candidates undergo
                                         induction medical examination. Medically qualified
                                         candidates are thereafter inducted."

                          10.    The Respondents have stated that the process of recruitment in the
                          Indian Navy is a two stage process, wherein, stage-I is aimed at short-listing
                          of candidates for the subsequent stage-II examination, which thereafter is
                          conducted in a naval environment. Further, based upon the merit list for the
                          respective batch, the process of recruitment is continued.

                          W.P.(C.) No.12949/2021                                                     Page 5 of 18
Signature Not Verified
Digitaaly Signed
By:BHUPINDER SINGH
ROHELLA
Signing Date:05.07.2023
14:33:55
                                      Neutral Citation Number: 2023:DHC:4494-DB

  11.         It has been further stated that the short-listing of the candidates prior
  to 2018 was carried out on the basis of marks obtained in class 12th
  examination and the number of short-listed candidates depended upon the
  testing capacity of the Indian Navy.

  12.         The Respondents have further stated that the Indian Naval Entrance
  Test (hereinafter to be referred as „INET‟) was conceptualized as a Pan-
  India Computer Based Examination for short-listing of Sailors in the year
  2014 and approval of the Hon‟ble Defence Minister for the same was
  accorded on 15.07.2016.

  13.         Initially, first two examination cycles were conducted on a pilot basis
  in the year 2018 for a limited number of entries and thereafter, the Naval
  Entrance Test was expanded to include all sailor entries from February,
  2019 onwards.

  14.         The Respondents have further stated that INET was conducting the
  process of short-listing of candidates for the further recruitment process and
  had replaced the earlier process of short-listing based on marks.

  15.         The Respondents have further stated that at a relevant point in time,
  there was a manpower shortage in the Indian Navy, and on account of
  nation-wide lockdown imposed by the Government of India in March 2020,
  a batch holiday was declared in the Indian Navy recruitment cycle. The
  same resulted in additional shortage of about 2500 Sailors and in those
  circumstances, the impugned advertisement was issued i.e. Advertisement
  No. 1/2022. The entire process of recruitment, on account of the aforesaid
  examination, is over.          The merit list of successful candidates has been

  W.P.(C.) No.12949/2021                                                     Page 6 of 18
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Digitaaly Signed
By:BHUPINDER SINGH
ROHELLA
Signing Date:05.07.2023
14:33:55
                                                          Neutral Citation Number: 2023:DHC:4494-DB

                          prepared on the basis of result of written examination and physical fitness
                          test which was held between 06.12.2021 and 09.12.2021.

                          16.    The Respondents have provided rationale for State-wise short-listing
                          criteria as under:

                                     i.) "It is submitted that the recruitment of sailors in the
                                         Indian Navy is undertaken based on the State-wise
                                         Recruitable Male Population (hereinafter referred to as
                                         "RMP"), which is as per the directives issued to the
                                         three services by Government of India Ministry of
                                         Defence vide MoD/ Def Sec Note ID No. 6287/Def Secy
                                         dated 03.07.1992. It is further submitted that the
                                         recruitment in the three services is based on state wise
                                         RMP, which is further derived from the National census
                                         data, is an established principal. It is further submitted
                                         that hence, towards ensuring the homogenous
                                         representation from all States, State-wise shortlisting of
                                         candidates is undertaken.

                                     ii.) It is submitted that the aim of recruitment in the Indian
                                          Navy is to select qualified and competent manpower
                                          whilst ensuring that the national character of the Indian
                                          Navy is maintained, through homogenous representation
                                          from all states/ union territories. It is further submitted
                                          that the homogenous representation amongst sailors is
                                          essential for maintaining the functional efficiency of the
                                          war-fighting platforms of the Indian Navy. It is further
                                          submitted that the recruitment of personnel based on
                                          State wise RMP is critical towards maintaining the
                                          homogeneous representation, which further necessitates
                                          the state wise shortlisting of candidates.

                                     iii.)       It is submitted that the process of shortlisting of
                                          candidates State-wise, based on marks obtained in the
                                          qualifying examination is an established procedure,
                                          which was being followed prior to the introduction of the


                          W.P.(C.) No.12949/2021                                                  Page 7 of 18
Signature Not Verified
Digitaaly Signed
By:BHUPINDER SINGH
ROHELLA
Signing Date:05.07.2023
14:33:55
                                           Neutral Citation Number: 2023:DHC:4494-DB

                          computer based INET Test in 2018, and the same has
                          been laid down in Navy Order 27/2015. It is further
                          submitted that the purpose of the INET examination was
                          to shortlist candidates for the further stages of
                          recruitment, for which candidates were being shortlisted
                          vide the state wise RMP. Hence, the process of
                          shortlisting candidates based on state wise RMP, has
                          always been there and no change has been made by the
                          Indian Navy in that regard. "

  17.         The Respondents have further stated that the process of short-listing
  of candidates based on State-wise Recruitable Male Population (RMP) has
  been resorted to, due to non-availability of contract with any public/ private
  entity involved in conducting Pan-India Computer Based Examination. It is
  contention of the Respondents that criteria evolved by them does not violate
  any constitutional right guaranteed to the Petitioner, who has filed the
  present PIL.

  18.         The Respondents have explained the process of recruitment in the
  Indian Navy as under:

                          i.)    "It is submitted that Section 11 of Navy Act 11957
                          and Regulation 261(2) of Regs Navy Part III authorizes
                          the Chief of the Naval Staff to conduct recruitment of
                          sailors through the Recruitment Organisation and lay
                          down appropriate regulations regarding manner,
                          procedure and terms and conditions of enrolment. A
                          copy of Section 11 of Navy Act, 1957 is annexed herewith
                          and marked as Annexure R-3. A copy of the Regulation
                          261(2) of Regs Navy Part III is annexed herewith and
                          marked as Annexure R-4.

                          ii.) It is submitted that the Government of India/
                          Ministry of Defence Letter dated 01.09.2006 delegates
                          administrative powers to Service headquarters wherein

  W.P.(C.) No.12949/2021                                                        Page 8 of 18
Signature Not Verified
Digitaaly Signed
By:BHUPINDER SINGH
ROHELLA
Signing Date:05.07.2023
14:33:55
                                                         Neutral Citation Number: 2023:DHC:4494-DB

                                         Sr. NO. 10 at Appendix „A‟ delegates the authority to
                                         "introduce new entry/ schemes/ disciplines including
                                         technical education qualification for induction of
                                         personnel into the Army/ Navy/ Air Force with no
                                         additional financial implications", to the Chief of
                                         Personnel (hereinafter referred to as "COP"). A copy of
                                         the Ministry of Defence Letter dated 01.09.2006 is
                                         annexed herewith and marked as Annexure R-5.
                                         iii.) It is submitted that the detailed orders pertaining
                                         to recruitment methodology to be employed have been
                                         laid down in the Navy Order No. 27/2015. It is further
                                         submitted that the Para 20 of Navy Order No. 27/2015
                                         specified the conduct of written examination (for all
                                         entries except for musicians and sports entry), for
                                         shortlisting of candidates to undergo Physical Fitness
                                         Test. Copy of relevant extracts of the Navy Order No.
                                         27/2015 is annexed herewith and marked as Annexure R-
                                         6.
                                         iv.) It is submitted that it is evident from above, that
                                         the COP is authorized to decide on the recruitment
                                         methodology including the mode of examination for
                                         induction of sailors."

                          19.    The Respondents further contended that it is for the employer to
                          evolve a process for short-listing and as there was an acute shortage of
                          Sailors in the Indian Navy, and especially in view of the fact that a batch
                          holiday was declared in the previous year due to Covid-19 Pandemic, short-
                          listing was done by the Respondents. Thereafter, based upon the marks
                          obtained in INET examination, candidates have been appointed by the
                          Respondents in the Indian Navy.

                          20.    The Respondents have further stated that the Petitioner, herein, was
                          unsuccessful in the recruitment process in the years 2019, 2020 and 2021.


                          W.P.(C.) No.12949/2021                                               Page 9 of 18
Signature Not Verified
Digitaaly Signed
By:BHUPINDER SINGH
ROHELLA
Signing Date:05.07.2023
14:33:55
                                     Neutral Citation Number: 2023:DHC:4494-DB

  Now, that he is over-age, wants to unsettle the recruitment, which has
  already taken place, by filing the present PIL. The Respondents have further
  stated that at present, the entire scheme/ process of recruiting Sailors -
  which was earlier in existence, has been replaced by the Agnipath scheme.
  It is pertinent to state that the Agnipath scheme was also challenged before
  various High Courts, and also before this Court in W.P.(C.) No. 11011/2022
  titled Harsh Ajay Singh Vs. Union of India and Ors. & was connected with
  other batch matters.         The batch matters were thereafter decided vide a
  common judgment dated 27.02.2023 which in turn has upheld the Agnipath
  scheme.

  21.         The Respondents have stated that the question of interference in the
  peculiar circumstances of the present case does not arise and an individual
  who is aspiring to join the Indian Army, Navy or Air Force, has to apply as
  and when an advertisement is issued under the Agnipath scheme.

  22.         The Respondents have stated that the present Petition is frivolous and
  deserves to be dismissed with heavy cost.

  23.         Heard Learned Counsels appearing for the Parties and perused the
  record. The undisputed facts of the case reveal that the Petitioner before this
  Court, Mr. Vikram Swami, though has filed the present Petition as a public
  interest petition, is personally interested in the matter.         The Petitioner
  himself was an Applicant for Sailors entry and had applied for the post of
  Sailor in the Indian Navy as a Artificer Apprentice/ Senior Secondary
  Recruit, during the year 2019, 2020 and 2021. He had also applied for entry
  into Matric Recruitment in the October, 2020 batch. The Petitioner out of


  W.P.(C.) No.12949/2021                                                  Page 10 of 18
Signature Not Verified
Digitaaly Signed
By:BHUPINDER SINGH
ROHELLA
Signing Date:05.07.2023
14:33:55
                                                          Neutral Citation Number: 2023:DHC:4494-DB

                          four attempts made by him for joining the Indian Navy was absent in respect
                          of one attempt and was not selected in other three attempts, on account of
                          his failure in the short-listing examination or alternatively on account of low
                          marks obtained by him at the time of short-listing.

                          24.      The Petitioner was again an Applicant in the August, 2021
                          recruitment batch, wherein, the same short-listing process which had been
                          adopted earlier was followed by the Respondents and the Petitioner has filed
                          a PIL challenging the short-listing criteria adopted by Navy.

                          25.      The Petitioner after participating in the process of selection is
                          questioning the process of selection, and, therefore, once he has participated
                          in the selection process, he is estopped from questioning the same. In the
                          considered opinion of this Court, the Petitioner has personal interest in the
                          litigation and the Petition is guided by self-gain, hence, cannot be treated as
                          a PIL.

                          26.      Not only this, the present PIL is a PIL in respect of a service matter
                          and the Hon‟ble Supreme Court has time and again held that PILs in service
                          matters are not maintainable. In Duryodhan Sahu (Dr.) v. Jitendra Kumar
                          Mishra, (1998) 7 SCC 273, the Hon‟ble Supreme Court has observed as
                          under: -

                                   "18. The constitution of Administrative Tribunals was
                                   necessitated because of the large pendency of cases relating to
                                   service matters in various courts in the country. It was expected
                                   that the setting up of Administrative Tribunals to deal
                                   exclusively in service matters would go a long way in not only
                                   reducing the burden of the courts but also provide to the
                                   persons covered by the Tribunals speedy relief in respect of

                          W.P.(C.) No.12949/2021                                                Page 11 of 18
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Digitaaly Signed
By:BHUPINDER SINGH
ROHELLA
Signing Date:05.07.2023
14:33:55
                                       Neutral Citation Number: 2023:DHC:4494-DB

              their grievances. The basic idea as evident from the various
              provisions of the Act is that the Tribunal should quickly redress
              the grievances in relation to service matters. The definition of
              "service matters" found in Section 3(q) shows that in relation
              to a person, the expression means all service matters relating to
              the conditions of his service. The significance of the word "his"
              cannot be ignored. Section 3(b) defines the word "application"
              as an application made under Section 19. The latter section
              refers to "person aggrieved". In order to bring a matter before
              the Tribunal, an application has to be made and the same can
              be made only by a person aggrieved by any order pertaining to
              any matter within the jurisdiction of the Tribunal. We have
              already seen that the word "order" has been defined in the
              explanation to sub-section (1) of Section 19 so that all matters
              referred to in Section 3(q) as service matters could be brought
              before the Tribunal. If in that context Sections 14 and 15 are
              read, there is no doubt that a total stranger to the service
              concerned cannot make an application before the Tribunal. If
              public interest litigations at the instance of strangers are
              allowed to be entertained by the Tribunal, the very object of
              speedy disposal of service matters would get defeated."

  27.         The aforesaid line of reasoning has been upheld on various instances
  thereafter, in Dr. B. Singh v. Union of India & Ors., (2004) 3 SCC 363 and
  Neetu v. State of Punjab, (2007) 10 SCC 614.

  28.         This Court, even though a PIL is not maintainable in a service matter,
  has looked into the process of selection and the undisputed facts reveal that
  an Advertisement for recruitment of Sailors as SSRs and AAs is published
  twice in a year in the month of May-June and September-October,
  respectively.           As per the process of selection, eligible candidates are
  required to submit an online application keeping in view the terms and
  conditions of the Advertisement. Without going into detail, the Respondents,


  W.P.(C.) No.12949/2021                                                   Page 12 of 18
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Digitaaly Signed
By:BHUPINDER SINGH
ROHELLA
Signing Date:05.07.2023
14:33:55
                                                           Neutral Citation Number: 2023:DHC:4494-DB

                          herein, have already described the selection process in detail.

                          29.    So far as the selection process in Indian Navy is concerned, the
                          recruitment is a two stage process, wherein, Stage-I is aimed at short-listing
                          of the candidates for the subsequent stage of examination being Stage-II
                          which is conducted in a naval environment. Based upon this examination, a
                          merit list is prepared and orders of appointment are issued basis the merit list
                          prepared by the Indian Navy.

                          30.    The undisputed facts further reveal that short-listing of candidates
                          prior to the year 2018 was carried out based on marks obtained in class 12 th
                          examination and the number of short-listed candidates depended upon the
                          testing capacity of the Indian Navy.

                          31.    The Indian Navy in order to provide transparent mechanism for the
                          purpose of selection conceptualized the INET which is a computer based
                          examination for short-listing of Sailors.

                          32.    The INET started from the year 2014 with due approval of the
                          Hon‟ble Defence Minister and the approval was accorded on 15.07.2016.

                          33.    The first two examination cycles of INET were conducted on a pilot
                          basis in the year 2018 for a limited number of entries, and, thereafter, the
                          INET was expanded to include all sailor entries from February, 2019
                          onwards.

                          34.    The INET was conducting the process of short-listing of the
                          candidates for the further recruitment process and had, in fact, replaced the
                          short-listing based on marks.

                          W.P.(C.) No.12949/2021                                               Page 13 of 18
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Digitaaly Signed
By:BHUPINDER SINGH
ROHELLA
Signing Date:05.07.2023
14:33:55
                                    Neutral Citation Number: 2023:DHC:4494-DB

  35.         The record further reveals that M/s Sify Technologies Ltd. was
  awarded the contract for conducting INET which expired on 15.07.2020.
  The contract was not extended for the following reasons:

              "i)   Decline in Academic Performance of Trainees:
              A major decline in the academic performance of trainees was
              observed in the training institutions. The alarming decline in
              academic performance was evident from the fact that around
              220 trainees were relegated from a particular batch on
              academic grounds, out of which approx. 50 candidates were
              subsequently discharged from service as unsuitable (based on
              poor academic performance).
              ii)   Reports of Manipulation of Online Examinations:
              Since early 2021, various reports/cases/attempts of
              manipulation/hacking     of     online   or    computer-based
              examinations (such as JEE, NEET, GRE, STAR conducted by
              IAF etc.) had surfaced in the media. Hence, a review of the
              security features of Indian Navy‟s INET was considered
              essential.
              iii) Nexus of Coaching Centres/Touts/ Middlemen, etc:
              Experience from conducting examinations, inputs from field as
              well as various internal inquiries by the Indian Navy have
              suggested that the environment in which the computer-based
              examination is conducted, is extremely hostile, with numerous
              players including coaching centres, touts, middlemen,
              examination centre owners and some of their staff form an
              impenetrable nexus involved in subverting the examination
              process. "

  36.         The Ministry of Defence, keeping in view the aforesaid, reviewed the
  process of INET and initiated the process of revamping the sailor‟s
  recruitment process with various technical and administrative enhancements/
  alterations aimed at curbing any such issue of manipulation of the
  examination in the future. Thereafter, the Government of India took a
  policy decision for conducting a Pan-India Computer Based Examination.

  W.P.(C.) No.12949/2021                                                Page 14 of 18
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Digitaaly Signed
By:BHUPINDER SINGH
ROHELLA
Signing Date:05.07.2023
14:33:55
                                                           Neutral Citation Number: 2023:DHC:4494-DB

                          37.    The record further reveals that there was an acute manpower shortage
                          in the Indian Navy, and on account of the nation-wide lockdown imposed by
                          the Government of India in March, 2020, a batch holiday was declared by
                          Indian Navy in respect of the recruitment cycle, which resulted in shortage
                          of about 2,500 Sailors. The total manpower shortage was approximately
                          12,500 sailors and keeping in view the total strength of sailors and the
                          shortage which was caused on account of non-conduct of the recruitment
                          examination, the Indian Navy initiated the process of recruitment in respect
                          of AA/ SSR by issuing an Advertisement. The Advertisement which has
                          been reproduced earlier was issued for AA/SSR - 01/ 2022, and after
                          holding the examination, the merit list of successful candidates was prepared
                          based upon the written examination and the physical fitness test, held on
                          06.12.2021 and 09.12.2021.

                          38.    The Indian Navy after the medical examination of individual
                          candidates on 01.02.2020 has issued appointment orders and the entire
                          process of appointment is over.          The Petitioner, herein, has been
                          unsuccessful in the same, and is raising hue and cry in the matter pretending
                          to be a bona fide Petitioner.

                          39.    It is pertinent to note that the Government of India has taken a policy
                          decision in the matter of recruitment by introducing the Agnipath scheme
                          and the scheme was also subjected to judicial scrutiny by this Court. This
                          Court has upheld the scheme introduced by the Government of India, as the
                          policy clearly is in the national interest, and the same is a policy decision.
                          After the introduction of Agnipath scheme with effect from 14.06.2022, all
                          recruitments are being done as per the Agnipath scheme. The process of

                          W.P.(C.) No.12949/2021                                              Page 15 of 18
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By:BHUPINDER SINGH
ROHELLA
Signing Date:05.07.2023
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                                         Neutral Citation Number: 2023:DHC:4494-DB

  recruitment which is subject matter of the present Writ Petition/ PIL has
  already been discontinued.

  40.         Much hue and cry has been raised by the Petitioner in the matter of
  short-listing and the fact reveals that the Indian Navy has limited presence
  across the country with major naval bases situated in a few coastal cities.
  The Indian Navy has got a total of 9 naval recruitment establishments
  situated at Mumbai, Kochi, Chennai, Visakhapatnam, Jamnagar, Kolkata,
  Delhi, Dehradun and Port Blair. In those circumstances, the short-listing of
  the candidates was being done by taking into account the 12th Standard
  marks.

  41.         It is nobody‟s case that persons who are less meritorious are being
  selected. In fact, short-listed candidates are more meritorious. The counter-
  affidavit explained the rationale for state-wide short-listing criteria and the
  same is reproduced as under:

                     i.) "It is submitted that the recruitment of sailors in the
                         Indian Navy is undertaken based on the State-wise
                         Recruitable Male Population (hereinafter referred to as
                         "RMP"), which is as per the directives issued to the
                         three services by Government of India Ministry of
                         Defence vide MoD/ Def Sec Note ID No. 6287/Def Secy
                         dated 03.07.1992. It is further submitted that the
                         recruitment in the three services is based on state wise
                         RMP, which is further derived from the National census
                         data, is an established principal. It is further submitted
                         that hence, towards ensuring the homogenous
                         representation from all States, State-wise shortlisting of
                         candidates is undertaken.

                     ii.) It is submitted that the aim of recruitment in the Indian


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                                         Navy is to select qualified and competent manpower
                                         whilst ensuring that the national character of the Indian
                                         Navy is maintained, through homogenous representation
                                         from all states/ union territories. It is further submitted
                                         that the homogenous representation amongst sailors is
                                         essential for maintaining the functional efficiency of the
                                         war-fighting platforms of the Indian Navy. It is further
                                         submitted that the recruitment of personnel based on
                                         State wise RMP is critical towards maintaining the
                                         homogeneous representation, which further necessitates
                                         the state wise shortlisting of candidates.
                                     iii.)       It is submitted that the process of shortlisting of
                                          candidates State-wise, based on marks obtained in the
                                          qualifying examination is an established procedure,
                                          which was being followed prior to the introduction of the
                                          computer based INET Test in 2018, and the same has
                                          been laid down in Navy Order 27/2015. It is further
                                          submitted that the purpose of the INET examination was
                                          to shortlist candidates for the further stages of
                                          recruitment, for which candidates were being shortlisted
                                          vide the state wise RMP. Hence, the process of
                                          shortlisting candidates based on state wise RMP, has
                                          always been there and no change has been made by the
                                          Indian Navy in that regard. "
                          42.    In the considered opinion of this Court, the criteria of short-listing can
                          never be said to be an arbitrary process, and it has to be applied in all cases
                          where the number of candidates is very high.

                          43.    This Court is of the considered opinion that the short-listing criteria
                          adopted by Indian Navy does not warrant any interference. The Petitioner
                          has not been able to point out a violation of any statutory provisions of law
                          warranting interference by this Court

                          44.    The Petitioner has also not been able to point out violation of any

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ROHELLA
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                                     Neutral Citation Number: 2023:DHC:4494-DB

  right guaranteed to the Petitioner under the Constitution of India. On the
  contrary, the Petitioner has been unsuccessful on account of the short-listing
  process carried out by the Respondents for selection, which stands
  concluded. The Petitioner has become over-aged, and on account of change
  in policy, the recruitment to the post of sailor is not in existence and all
  recruitments by the Respondents are being done as per the Agnipath
  Scheme.

  45.         This Court does not find any reason to interfere in the matter keeping
  in view the peculiar facts and circumstances of the case. The present PIL
  stands dismissed.


                                             SATISH CHANDRA SHARMA, CJ



                                                  SUBRAMONIUM PRASAD, J.

MAY 18, 2023 aks W.P.(C.) No.12949/2021 Page 18 of 18 Signature Not Verified Digitaaly Signed By:BHUPINDER SINGH ROHELLA Signing Date:05.07.2023 14:33:55