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Gujarat High Court

Manubhai C Shah Huf vs Nayab Sachiv(Appeal) & on 11 July, 2016

Author: Abhilasha Kumari

Bench: Abhilasha Kumari

                C/SCA/16790/2011                                            CAV JUDGMENT




                    IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD

                       SPECIAL CIVIL APPLICATION NO. 16790 of 2011



         FOR APPROVAL AND SIGNATURE:


         HONOURABLE SMT. JUSTICE ABHILASHA KUMARI
         ===========================================================

         1     Whether Reporters of Local Papers may be allowed                          No
               to see the judgment ?

         2     To be referred to the Reporter or not ?                                   No

         3     Whether their Lordships wish to see the fair copy of                      No
               the judgment ?

         4     Whether this case involves a substantial question of                      No
               law as to the interpretation of the Constitution of
               India or any order made thereunder ?

         ================================================================
                            MANUBHAI C SHAH HUF....Petitioner(s)
                                         Versus
                         NAYAB SACHIV(APPEAL) & 1....Respondent(s)
         ================================================================
         Appearance:
         MR KS NANAVATI, LEARNED SENIOR ADVOCATE WITH MR KUNAL
         NANAVATI FOR NANAVATI ASSOCIATES, ADVOCATE for the Petitioner(s)
         No. 1
         MR NIRAJ ASHAR, ASSISTANT GOVERNMENT PLEADER for the
         Respondent(s) No. 1
         MR BS PATEL FOR MR CHIRAG B PATEL, ADVOCATE for the
         Respondent(s) No. 2
         ===========================================================

             CORAM: HONOURABLE SMT. JUSTICE ABHILASHA KUMARI

                                     Date : 11/07/2016




                                          Page 1 of 51

HC-NIC                                  Page 1 of 51     Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016
               C/SCA/16790/2011                                          CAV JUDGMENT



                                  CAV JUDGMENT

1. By preferring this petition under Article 226 of  the Constitution of India, the petitioner has prayed  for the issuance of a writ of Certiorari or any other  appropriate writ, order or direction to quash and set  aside the order dated 25.08.2011, passed by respondent  No.1   Dy.   Secretary   (Appeals),   Agriculture   and   Co­ operative   Division,   whereby   the   Revision   Application  preferred by respondent No.2 Mahadevnagar Co­operative  Housing Society Limited, has been allowed.

2. The   brief   facts   of   the   case   are   to   the   effect  that the petitioner herein is a Hindu Undivided Family  (HUF) of the family of Shri M.C. Shah, comprising of  himself,   his   wife   and   his   three   sons   and   their  families.   Shri   M.C.   Shah   is   the   Karta   of   the   HUF.  Respondent   No.2   is   a   Co­operative   Housing   Society  registered   under   the   Gujarat   Co­operative   Societies  Act,   1961   ('the   Act'   for   short),   of   which   the  petitioner   is   seeking   membership   in   the   capacity   of  the HUF. The wife of Shri M.C. Shah, Smt. Ashaben M.  Shah, already owns Bungalow No.38 in respondent No.2  Society. The family is residing in the said bungalow  Page 2 of 51 HC-NIC Page 2 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT since twenty­seven years.

2.1 In order to have a separate house for the growing  family,   the   petitioner   purchased   Bungalow   No.1   in  respondent   No.2   Society,   vide   registered   Sale   Deed  No.7627, dated 13.11.2002. The said bungalow has been  purchased in the name of the HUF, as a joint family  property  and   not   as   the  individual   property   of   Shri  M.C.   Shah.   Shri   Sahil   Shah,   son   of   Shri   M.C.   Shah,  being a member of the HUF, made an application for the  membership of respondent No.2 Society in the name of  the HUF in respect of bungalow No.1, in the year 2006.  The   application   was   submitted   to   respondent   No.2,  along with necessary documents. This application came  to   be   rejected   by   respondent   No.2   Society   vide  Resolutions   Nos.7   and   7(1)   dated   06.06.2007,   inter­ alia for the reasons that (i) the petitioner had not  taken the prior permission of the Society before the  purchase of the bungalow and (ii) the petitioner had  filed various criminal complaints against the office  bearers of the Society.

2.2 Aggrieved   by   the   above   decision,   the   petitioner  Page 3 of 51 HC-NIC Page 3 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT approached   the   District   Registrar   by   filing   an  application   dated   05.02.2008.   Since   the   application  was not being decided, the petitioner approached this  Court by filing Special Civil Application No.15492 of  2008, with a prayer to expedite the proceedings. This  Court directed the District Registrar to expedite the  process.   Thereafter,   on   04.02.2009,   the   District  Registrar passed an order rejecting the application of  the petitioner on the ground that the petitioner had  not   applied   for   prior   permission   and   approval   from  respondent No.2 Society.

2.3 According   to   the   petitioner,   the   Karta   was  constrained   to   file   an   FIR,   being   I­C.R.   No.202   of  2010,   at   Athwa   Police   Station,   Surat,   against   the  President and Secretary of respondent No.2 Society, on  the alleged grounds of blackmail and undue pressure to  withdraw the police complaint.

2.4 Pursuant to the order dated 04.02.2009 passed by  the District Registrar, rejecting the application of  the   petitioner,   the   petitioner   filed   Revision  Application   No.44   of   2009   before   the   District  Page 4 of 51 HC-NIC Page 4 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT Registrar (Appeals). After hearing the petitioner, an  ex­parte   order   was   passed   in   its   favour.   Being  aggrieved by the said order, respondent No.2 Society  filed Misc. Civil Application No.11635 of 2009 in this  Court, requesting for an opportunity of hearing. This  Court   directed   the   District   Registrar   (Appeals)   to  rehear   the   Revision   Application,   which   was   restored  and renumbered as Revision Application No.4 of 2010.  Thereafter,   by   the   order   dated   08.06.2010,   the  District Registrar (Appeals) set aside the order dated  04.02.2009   and   remanded   the   matter   to   the   District  Registrar. By an order dated 09.12.2010, the District  Registrar decided the matter against the petitioner.  On 21.01.2011, the petitioner filed Application No.24  of 2011 before the Head District Registrar (Appeals),  Co­operative Societies, Gandhinagar. This application  came   to   be   allowed   on   19.05.2011.   Respondent   No.2  Society   challenged   the   above   order   by   preferring  Revision Application No.419 of 2011 before respondent  No.1. The said Revision Application has been allowed  by the impugned order, on the grounds that (i) There  arises a question of dual membership for which there  is no provision (ii) the petitioner did not take the  Page 5 of 51 HC-NIC Page 5 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT prior   approval   of   respondent   No.2   Society   before  purchasing bungalow No.1, thereby violating the bye­ laws of the Society (iii) the judgment of the Supreme  Court in the case of Zoroastrian Co­operative Housing   Society Ltd. And Another Vs. District Registrar, Co­ operative   Societies   (Urban)   And   Others  reported   in  2005(3) GLH 571 as well as bye­law No.12, are against  the   petitioner  (iv)   the  Karta  of  the   petitioner  HUF  had filed a police complaint against respondent No.2  Society and (v) the petitioner HUF has acted against  the interest of respondent No.2 Society. 2.5 Aggrieved by the above order, the petitioner has  approached this Court by way of the present petition.

3. Mr.K.S.   Nanavati,   learned   Senior   Advocate  appearing with Mr.Kunal Nanavati, learned advocate for  the   petitioner,   has   made   detailed   submissions,   the  gist of which is recorded below:

3.1 It is not the case of respondent No.2 Society, as  is evident from Resolutions dated 06.06.2007, that the  petitioner   is   ineligible   or   not   qualified   to   be   a  Page 6 of 51 HC-NIC Page 6 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT member of the Society. It is also not a ground that  for any other reason, the petitioner is not found to  be a desirable person to be admitted as a member of  the Society.
3.2 In the said resolutions, the Society has also not  raised   a   ground   that   since   the   family   of   the  petitioner   are   already   holding   bungalow   No.1   in   the  Society,   the   petitioner   is   disqualified   to   hold  another bungalow. The only two reasons stated in the  said Resolutions are that the petitioner did not take  the prior permission of the Society before purchasing  Bungalow   No.1   and   that   a   police   complaint   has   been  registered   against   the   President   and   Secretary   of  respondent No.2 Society.
3.3 The Revisional Authority, in the impugned order,  has gone beyond the scope of Resolution passed by the  respondent Society by adding additional reasons, such  as,   the   dual   membership   of   the   Society   that   would  allegedly   occur   if   the   petitioner   is   granted  membership   and  the   judgment   of   the   Supreme   Court   in  the case of  Zoroastrian Co­operative Housing Society   Page 7 of 51 HC-NIC Page 7 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT Ltd.   And   Another   Vs.   District   Registrar,   Co­ operative Societies (Urban) And Others (supra). These  were not the reasons stated in the Resolutions of the  respondent Society. 
3.4 Insofar   as   the   ground   of   dual   membership   is  concerned,   the   said   ground   is   untenable   as   the  petitioner is an HUF and can purchase a bungalow in  its capacity as such. An HUF is a separate entity, as  has   been   held   by   the   Supreme   Court   in   the   case   of  Jain   Merchants   Co­Op.   Housing   Society   Ltd.   &   Ors.  

Vs.   H.U.F.   Of   Manubhai   Kalyanbhai   Shah   Through   Its   Manager  Harishbhai  Manubhai  Shah   &  Ors.  reported in  1995(1)   GLR   19. Bungalow No.38, in which the family  members   comprising   the   petitioner   HUF   reside,   is   in  the name of the wife of the Karta, in her individual  capacity. There is nothing in law to prevent an HUF  from   becoming   a   member   of   a   Co­operative   Housing  Society.   The   petitioner   does   not   hold   a   plot   or  bungalow  in  the   Society,   therefore,  there  can   be   no  question of dual membership.

3.5 Assuming,   without   admitting,   that   other   members  Page 8 of 51 HC-NIC Page 8 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT of   the   family     cannot   become   members   if   one   member  already   owns   a   bungalow   on   the   ground   of   dual  membership, as has been canvassed by respondent No.2  Society,   it   is   pertinent   to   note   that   there   are  instances   where   members   of   the   same   family   hold  several plots in the Society. Learned Senior Counsel  has drawn the attention of the Court to Paragraph­4 of  the   affidavit­in­rejoinder   filed   by   the   petitioner,  wherein the names and details of the other members of  the   Society,   whose   family   members   hold   many   plots,  have been reflected in a tabular form. An example is  also given of two families who have purchased one plot  in   "Partnership",   being   Plot   No.63,   against   whom   no  action is being taken.

3.6 That   the   approach   of   the   respondent   Society  towards the petitioner is coloured with bias, as has  been   averred   in   the   affidavit­in­rejoinder.   These  facts   have   not   been   controverted   or   disputed   as   no  sur­rejoinder   has   been   filed   by   respondent   No.2  Society.

3.7 That the bye­laws do not prohibit one person from  Page 9 of 51 HC-NIC Page 9 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT holding   two   plots   or   one   family   from   holding   two  separate   plots,   therefore,   the   conclusion   that   the  purchase   of   bungalow   No.1   by   the   petitioner   is   in  violation of the bye­laws, is misleading. 3.8 That   a   delay   has   occurred   on   the   part   of   the  petitioner   in   following   the   procedure   of   obtaining  prior   permission   from   the   Society.   The   petitioner  approached   the   Society   with   an   application   for   the  grant of membership in the year 2006, explaining the  reasons for the delay. At the highest, this may amount  to   a   procedural   irregularity   which   can   be   cured   by  granting ex post facto permission, maybe by imposing a  penalty. However, permission cannot be denied totally,  as there is no prohibition in law against holding two  plots/ bungalows by the same family.

3.9 That   Section   22   of   the   Act   defines   the  eligibility   of   a   person   to   become   a   member   of   a  Society. Clause (a) of sub­section (1) of Section 22  requires   that   the   individual   should   be   competent   to  contract   under   the   Indian   Contract   Act,   1872.   The  petitioner   is   eligible   to   do   so.   Similarly,   under  Page 10 of 51 HC-NIC Page 10 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT Clause (g) also, the petitioner would be eligible as  it   is   a   group   of   individuals   eligible   under   Clause 

(a).

3.10 That   Section   24   of   the   Act   mandates   that   the  Society   shall   not,   without   sufficient   cause,   refuse  admission to membership to any person duly qualified  therefor  under  the   provisions  of  the   Act,  Rules  and  Bye­laws of such society. It is only on the ground of  disqualification that membership can be refused to a  person   under   this   provision.   As   the   petitioner   is  qualified in all respects to be admitted as member, it  cannot be said that the ground of dual membership can  be considered as sufficient cause to refuse membership  to the petitioner.

3.11 That   Chapter   III   of   the   Gujarat   Co­operative  Societies Rules, 1965 ('the Rules' for short), deals  with members and their rights and liabilities. Rule 11  is regarding a person who may become a Member. Rule  12(2) clearly stipulates that no Co­operative Housing  Society   shall,   without   sufficient   cause,   refuse  admission to its membership to a person duly qualified  Page 11 of 51 HC-NIC Page 11 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT therefor under the provisions of the Act and bye­laws,  to whom an existing member of such Society wants to  sell or transfer his plot of land or house and that no  such Society shall, without sufficient cause, refuse  to give permission to any existing member thereof to  sell or  transfer his plot of land or house to another  person   who   is   duly   qualified   as   aforesaid  to  become  its member.

3.12 This   Rule   clearly   stipulates   that   a   Society  cannot refuse to admit a person who is duly qualified  to become a member without sufficient cause. Neither  can   it   prevent   an   existing   member   from   selling   or  transferring a plot of land to another person who is  also duly qualified to become a member. In the present  case, the petitioner is duly qualified in all respects  and the reason regarding the alleged dual membership  or   the   filing   of   the   police   complaint,   cannot   be  termed   to   be   sufficient   cause   for   the   refusal   of  membership.

3.13   That   bye­law   No.7   states   that   all   persons   who  have   signed   the   application   for   registration   are  Page 12 of 51 HC-NIC Page 12 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT original members. It is submitted that the petitioner  possesses   the   qualification   for   membership   as  stipulated in the said bye­laws. The ground on which  respondent No.2 Society has rejected the application  of the petitioner is contrary to the Act, Rules and  Bye­laws.

3.14 That   the   aspect   that   prior   permission   was   not  taken by the petitioner cannot be said to constitute  sufficient cause for rejecting the application, as is  clear from Section 24 of the Act read with Rule 12(2)  of the Rules. Sufficient cause must be such that goes  to the root of the petitioner's eligibility to become  a member and not a technicality, such as not taking  prior permission.

3.15 That   it   has   now   become   a   matter   of   ego   on   the  part   of   respondent   No.2  to  refuse   membership  to  the  petitioner,   even   though   there   are   several   other  members of the Society whose family members own many  plots.   The   decision   of   the   respondent   Society,  therefore, is malafide and arbitrary. Page 13 of 51 HC-NIC Page 13 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT 3.16 The idea behind the framing of Rule 12 and bye­ law   No.21   regarding   taking   prior   permission,   is   to  screen the person who desires to become a member of  the   Society.   It   is   not   the   case   of   the   respondent  Society that the petitioner is undesirable and cannot  be   admitted   as   a   member.   Insofar   as   the   police  complaint by the Karta of the petitioner HUF against  the   President   and   Secretary   of   the   Society   is  concerned, it cannot be described as sufficient cause  for   the   rejection   of   the   application   of   the  petitioner.   The   only   narrow   ground   on   which   the  membership can be refused is sufficient cause, which  is not present in this case. The complaint is against  the office bearers of the Society for misbehaviour and  not   against   the   Society,   as   such.   The   respondent  Society   did   not   reject   the   application   of   the  petitioner on the ground of filing the complaint. This  has   become   an   additional   ground   raised   by   the  Revisional Authority. Such a course of action is not  permissible as the Revisional Authority cannot invent  new grounds at that stage.

3.17 The   impugned   order   passed   by   respondent   No.1  Page 14 of 51 HC-NIC Page 14 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT would mean that if a person makes a complaint against  any   office   bearers   of   the   Society,   he   cannot   be  admitted   to   membership.   If   this   becomes   an   absolute  proposition,   the   order   would   stand   vitiated   on   this  ground   alone.   That   the   grounds   for   the  rejection   of  the application of the petitioner are hardly rational  but   are   flimsy   and   arbitrary   and   cannot   stand   the  scrutiny of law.

3.18 Distinguishing   the   judgment   in   the   case   of  Zoroastrian   Co­operative   Housing   Society   Ltd.   And   Another   Vs.   District   Registrar,   Co­operative   Societies   (Urban)   And   Others   (supra)  that   has   been  referred to in the impugned order of respondent No.1,  it   is   submitted   by   learned   Senior   Counsel   for   the  petitioner that this judgment does not deal with the  aspect   of   dual   membership.   It   is   submitted   that   in  this decision, the Court was dealing with the vires of  Rule 12(2) of the Rules and ultimately declared such  Rule to be constitutionally valid. The judgment would,  therefore, is not applicable in the present case.  3.19 In   support   of   his   submissions,   learned   Senior  Page 15 of 51 HC-NIC Page 15 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT Counsel   has   relied   upon   the   judgment   of   a   Division  Bench of this Court in the case of Jain Merchants Co­ Op.   Housing   Society   Ltd.   &   Ors.   Vs.   H.U.F.   Of   Manubhai   Kalyanbhai   Shah   Through   Its   Manager   Harishbhai   Manubhai   Shah   &   Ors.   (supra),  by  submitting   that   it   has   been   held   that   membership  cannot   be   refused   or   denied   at   the   pleasure   of   the  Society and in case the membership is refused on any  flimsy   or   trivial   grounds,   the   matter   can   be  adjudicated   before   the   Court   and   the   concerned  Authority.

3.20 On the strength of the above submissions, it is  prayed   that   the   impugned   order   be   quashed   and   set  aside and the petition be allowed. 

4. Mr.Niraj   Ashar,   learned   Assistant   Government  Pleader appearing for respondent No.1, has supported  the impugned order. He has referred to Section 30(2)

(b) of the Act, which provides that a member shall not  transfer any share held by him, or his interest in the  capital   or   property   of   any   society,   or   any  part  thereof, unless the transfer or charge is made to the  Page 16 of 51 HC-NIC Page 16 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT society, or to a member of the society, or to a person  whose application for membership has been accepted by  the   society.   Before   transferring   the   membership,   a  person in whose favour the transfer is made must have  applied to the Society and such application ought to  have been accepted and approved. Only then can such a  transfer   take   place.   It   is   submitted   that   it   is  mandatory   to   obtain   the   prior   permission   of   the  society before the transfer of shares, which has not  been done by the petitioner.

4.1 Learned Assistant Government Pleader has referred  to Rule 12 by submitting that failure on the part of  the   petitioner   to   obtain   prior   permission   from   the  Society   would   amount   to   sufficient   cause   for   the  refusal of membership to it.

4.2 Reference  is  next  made   to  Rule  18  of  the  Rules  especially   sub­rule   (1)   Clause   (a),   wherein   it   is  stipulated   that   no   transfer   or   share   shall   be  effective   unless   it   is   made   in   accordance   with   the  provisions   of   the   bye­laws.   It   is   submitted   that  before transferring any shares, the provisions of the  Page 17 of 51 HC-NIC Page 17 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT bye­laws  have   to   be   complied   with.   Bye­law   No.21   of  the   Society   stipulates   that   no   sale   may   take   place  without   the   previous   sanction   of   the   Society,   which  bye­law has not been followed by the petitioner. 4.3 In   respect   of   the   impugned   judgment   passed   by  respondent No.1, it is submitted that the reasons for  refusal   of   membership   to   the   petitioner   are   good  reasons. The petitioner has violated the provisions of  the bye­laws and, as the impugned order is just and  proper, the Court may not interfere.

5. The petition has been strongly opposed by Mr.B.S.  Patel, learned advocate for Mr.Chirag B.Patel, learned  advocate   for   respondent   No.2   Society,   by   submitting  that ego would never be a ground for the rejection of  the application of the petitioner. The application was  rejected   by   the   society   on   the   ground   that   prior  permission   had   not   been   taken   and   that   a   police  complaint has been filed by the petitioner against the  Society.   The   petitioner   is   bound   to   respect   the  autonomy of the Society and the provisions of the Act  and Rules.

Page 18 of 51 HC-NIC Page 18 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT 5.1 Referring to the application for membership made  by   the   petitioner,   it   is   submitted   that   it   is  questionable   whether   such   an   application   can   be  granted or not. The petitioner wants the membership of  Bungalow No.1 to be transferred to its name instead of  the name of the previous owner who has executed a Sale  Deed   in   its   favour.   The   petitioner     is   desirous   of  removing the name of the previous owner and admitting  his   own   name,   therefore,   it   is   not   simply   an  application for becoming a member but is for becoming  a member of bungalow No.1.

5.2 It is submitted that in the said application, the  petitioner   has   stated   that   it   has   no   knowledge  regarding   the   requirement   of   prior   permission,  therefore, it was not taken earlier. He has submitted  that   the   averment   that   other   Societies   do   not   have  this   requirement,  does   not  appear   to   be   tenable,   as  all societies have similar bye­laws.

5.3 It   is   contended   that   the   Sale   Deed   has   been  executed   by   the   petitioner   on   13.11.2002,   and   the  Page 19 of 51 HC-NIC Page 19 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT application   has   been   made   after   three   years,   on  18.03.2006.   The   Society   is   within   its   right   in  rejecting   the   application   on   the   ground   that   prior  permission which is necessary as per the bye­laws, was  not taken by the petitioner. This aspect is admitted  by the petitioner. The rejection of the application on  the ground of non­compliance with the bye­laws cannot  be  termed   to   be   illegal.   The   respondent   Society  has  not   condoned   the   illegality   of   not   taking   prior  permission committed by the petitioner, therefore, the  action of the Society is not illegal but would amount  to   sufficient   cause   for   the   rejection   of   the  application.   Even   if   the   Society   desires   to   do   so,  there is no provision in the bye­laws enabling it to  condone the illegality committed by the petitioner by  not taking prior permission. The Court would not issue  a writ to condone the said illegality.

5.5 Learned counsel for respondent No.2 has taken the  Court through the bye­laws of the Society, especially  bye­law   No.7,   regarding   disqualification   and   bye­law  No.21,   regarding   the   requirement   of   taking   prior  permission for transfer. He has also referred to bye­ Page 20 of 51 HC-NIC Page 20 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT law No.6 containing the regulations relating to leases  to be granted by the Society to members desiring of  purchasing houses and Clause (6), wherein it is stated  that   the   member   shall   not   assign,   underlet   or   part  with   the   possession   of   the   property   or   any   part  thereof,   without   the   previous   consent   in   writing   of  the Society.

5.6 It is submitted that all members of the Society  are occupants or tenants, as the land belongs to the  Society. The petitioner has no right to execute a Sale  Deed in respect of the land belonging to the Society. 5.7 Learned counsel for respondent No.2 has referred  to   Section   30(2)(b)   and   (c)   of   the   Act   by   laying  emphasis on the aspect that the transfer or charge can  be made to the Society, or to a member of the Society,  or  to  a   person  whose  application  for   membership  has  been   accepted   by   the   Society   and   the   committee   has  approved such transfer.

5.8 It  is  submitted  that  the  present  is  not  a  case  where the Society has refused membership but is a case  Page 21 of 51 HC-NIC Page 21 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT where   it   has   refused   to   transfer   the   membership   of  bungalow No.1 on the basis of the Sale Deed which was  never effective, as per the provisions of Rule 18 of  the Rules.

5.9 Reference has been made to the prayer­clause in  the   petition   by   submitting   that   the   nature   of   the  prayers   is   such   that   they   cannot   be   granted   by   the  Court,   as   one   of   the   prayers   is   for   the   grant   of  membership with retrospective effect. 5.10 On   the   above   grounds,   it   is   submitted   that   the  petition may be rejected.

5.11 In   support   of   the   above   submissions,   learned  counsel for respondent No.2 has placed reliance upon a  judgment of this Court (Coram: K.S. Jhaveri, J.) dated  16.10.2012,   passed   in   Special   Civil   Application  No.12891 of 2012, wherein it is stated as below:

"4.   Heard   learned   counsel   for   the   petitioner   and perused the documents on record. It is not  in   dispute   that   the   disputed   property   is   situated   in   respondent   no.1­Society   and   that  Page 22 of 51 HC-NIC Page 22 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT before the transfer respondent no.2 herein was  the   owner   of   the   said   property.   Under   the  provisions  of  Section­30  of  the  said  Act  and  Rule­18   of   the   Rules   framed   thereunder,   the  procedure   of   transfer   has   been   prescribed,  which is mandatory. It appears from the record   that   before   transferring   the   property   in  question by way of sale deed, respondent no.2   has   not   followed   the   statutory   procedure  prescribed   under   the   Act.   The   sale   deed   has   been   executed   directly   without   following   the  statutory   procedure   and   also   the   bye­laws   of  respondent no.1­Society."

5.12 It   is   submitted   that   a   Letters   Patent   Appeal  being Letters Patent Appeal No.1411 of 2013 is pending  against this judgment before a Division Bench of this  Court.

5.13 Another   judgment   relied   upon   on   behalf   of   the  respondent Society is that of the Full Bench of this  Court   in   the   case   of  Mulshanker   Kunverji   Gor   And   Others   V.   Juvansinhji   Shivubha   Jadeja  reported   in  1979 GLR 878,  wherein the status of a member of the  society has been discussed and the concepts of "tenant  co­partnership society" and "tenant ownership society" 

have been discussed. 
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6. In   rejoinder,   Mr.K.S.   Nanavati,   learned   Senior  Counsel,   has   reiterated   the   submissions   advanced   by  him earlier, by adding that to become a member, there  is no impediment in the way of the petitioner except  the technical issue of taking prior permission before  the transaction.

6.1 In response to the arguments advanced on behalf  of respondent No.2 Society, it is submitted that the  transaction entered into by the petitioner in respect  of bungalow No.1 is not void and can become effective  when   the   Society   grants   permission.   The   respondent  Society has power to reconsider its decision regarding  membership   and   there   is   no   prohibition   in   the   Act,  Rules or Bye­laws in respect of the same. Membership  should   be   granted   if   the   petitioner   is   otherwise  eligible, as nothing has been pointed out to indicate  that there is any ineligibility or disqualification in  this   regard.   There   is   no   valid   or   legal   ground   or  sufficient cause for the rejection of the petitioner's  application.

Page 24 of 51 HC-NIC Page 24 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT 6.2 It is submitted that for the above reasons, this  Court   may   remand   the   matter   to   the   respondent  authority to consider the application for membership  in the light of the judgment of the Division Bench in  the   case   of  Jain   Merchants   Co­Op.   Housing   Society   Ltd.   &   Ors.   Vs.   H.U.F.   Of   Manubhai   Kalyanbhai   Shah   Through  Its Manager  Harishbhai  Manubhai  Shah & Ors.   (supra).

7. This   Court   has   heard   learned   counsel   for   the  respective   parties   at   length,   perused   the   averments  made in the petition, contents of the impugned order  and   other   documents   on   record.   It   has   also   accorded  thoughtful consideration to the rival submissions.

8. Before   proceeding   any   further,   it   would   be  pertinent to notice some of the relevant provisions of  the Act, Rules and Bye­laws of the respondent Society.

9. Section 24 of the Act deals with open membership  and reads as below:

"24. Open   membership.­(1)   No   society   shall,   without sufficient cause, refuse admission to   Page 25 of 51 HC-NIC Page 25 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT membership   to   any   person   duly   qualified   therefore   under   the   provisions   of   this   Act,   the rules arid bye­laws of such society.
(2) Where the society does not communicate any   decision to a person within a period of three  months from the date of receipt by the society  of his application for "admission, such person  shall be deemed to have become the member of  such   society   on   the   expiry   of   the   aforesaid   period of three months.
(3) Where a person is refused admission as a  member   of   a   society,   the   decision   together   with   the   reasons   therefore   shall   be  communicated in writing to such person by the   society  within three months  from the  date of  receipt by the society of the application for   admission, made by such person.
(4) Any society aggrieved by the admission of  a  member under sub­section (2)  or  any  person  aggrieved   by   the   decision   of   the   society   refusing   him   its   ,   membership   under   sub­ section (3) may appeal to the Registrar.
(5)  An  appeal  under  sub­section  (4) shall be  made within a period of two months from, the  date  of  communication  to  him  of  the decision  of the society, or, as case the may be, from   the date of the expiry of the period of three   Page 26 of 51 HC-NIC Page 26 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT months specified in sub­section (2).
(6)   The   decision   of   the   Registrar   in   appeal   shall   be   final   and   shall   not   be   called   in   question in any court.
(7) Nothing in this section shall apply to a  society   belonging   to   a   class   notified   under  sub­section (2) of section 22." 

(emphasis supplied)

10. Section   24   of   the   Act   occurs   in   Chapter   III  titled   "Members   and   their   Rights   and   Liabilities".  From a perusal of this Section, it is evident that it  is not open to any society to refuse membership to any  person duly qualified without sufficient cause, under  the provisions of the Act, Rules and Bye­laws of such  society.

11. Rule 12, falling under Chapter III of the Rules,  is   also   titled   "Members   and   their   Rights   and  Liabilities". It reads thus:

"12. Open   membership.­(1)   No   Seva   Sahakari  Mandli   or   Consumers'   Society   or   Co­operative  Milk   Producer's   Society,   shall   without  sufficient   cause   refuse   admission   to  Page 27 of 51 HC-NIC Page 27 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT membership   to   any   person   duly   qualified  therefor  under  the   provisions  of  the   Act   and  bye­laws.

(2) No   co­operative   housing   society   shall   without sufficient cause, refuse admission to   its  membership  to any person,  duly qualified   therefor under the provisions of the Act, and   its   bye­laws   to   whom   an   existing   member   of   such   society   wants   to   sell   or   transfer   his   plot   of   land   or   house   and   no   such   society   shall   without   sufficient   cause,   refuse   to  give   permission   to   any   existing   member   thereof to sell or transfer his plot of land   or   house   to   another   person   who   is   duly   qualified as aforesaid to become its member. Explanation.­ A Seva Sahakari Mandli includes  a   multipurpose   society   and   a   primary  agricultural credit society."

(emphasis supplied)

12. Bye­law No.21 stipulates that any share held by a  member of the Society can be sold to any other member  provided that no such sale may take place without the  previous   sanction   of   the   Committee,   who   shall   have  full   discretion   in   granting   or   withholding   such  sanction.

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13. This Rule is in consonance with Section 24 of the  Act. Sub­rule 2 of Rule 12 of the Rules prohibits a  Co­operative   Housing   Society   from   refusing   admission  to   its   membership   without   sufficient   cause,   to   any  person   who   is   duly   qualified   therefor   under   the  provisions   of   the   Act   and   the   Bye­laws,   to   whom   an  existing member of such Society wants to transfer or  sell his plot of land or house. It stipulates that no  such Society shall, without sufficient cause, refuse  to give permission to any existing member to sell or  transfer his plot of land or house to another person  who is duly qualified to become its member.

14. The language of Section 24 of the Act and Rule 12  of the Rules is strongly indicative of the intention  of   the   legislature   that   no   person   who   is   duly  qualified for membership under the provisions of the  Act and Bye­laws should be refused membership without  sufficient cause by any Co­operative Housing Society  and that permission to an existing member to sell or  transfer his plot of land or house to a person who is  duly   qualified   to   become   member   shall   also   not   be  Page 29 of 51 HC-NIC Page 29 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT refused without sufficient cause.

15. The   qualification   for   becoming   a   member   of  respondent No.2 Society, as per bye­law No.7, is that  the member should profess the Hindu religion and shall  be   a   resident   of   Surat.   The   only   disqualification  under   the   said   bye­law   would   be   that   the   person  proposing to become a member does not possess either  of   the   above   two   pre­requisites.   There   is   no   other  ground   for   disqualification   under   the   Act,   Rules   or  Bye­laws. It, therefore, follows that if the society  is desirous of refusing admission to any person who is  duly qualified to become a member, there should exist  sufficient   cause   for   doing   so.   What   amounts   to  sufficient cause has not been defined either under the  Act, Rules or Bye­laws.

16. It   is   an   admitted   position   that   the   petitioner  has   executed   a   Sale   Deed   for   Bungalow   No.1   on  13.11.2002 with the previous owner, who has not raised  any   objection   regarding   the   application   of   the  petitioner.   Admittedly,   before   doing   so,   the  petitioner   did   not   take   the   prior   permission   of  Page 30 of 51 HC-NIC Page 30 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT respondent   No.2   Society,   as   envisaged   by   bye­law  No.21. It made the application for membership only on  18.03.2006. The question arises whether the default in  taking   prior   permission   by   the   petitioner   would  constitute   sufficient   cause   for   refusing   its  application   for   membership,   for   all   times   to   come.  Respondent   No.2   Society,   while   rejecting   the  application by passing Resolution Nos.7 and 7(1) dated  06.06.2007, has considered only two grounds. The first  is that the petitioner did not take prior permission  from   the   Society   before   purchasing   the   bungalow   and  the   second   is   that   the   petitioner   had   filed   various  criminal complaints against the society. On the other  hand,   respondent   No.1,   while   rejecting   the   Revision  Application of the petitioner, has raised as many as  five   grounds.   The   first   ground   is   that   if   the  application   of   the   petitioner   for   membership   is  allowed,   it   would   amount   to   dual   membership   as   the  wife   of   the   Karta   of   the   petitioner   HUF   resides   in  Bungalow No.38, along with other family members. The  second   reason   is   that   the   petitioner   did   not   take  prior permission from the society before entering into  the   transaction.   The   third   is   that   the   grant   of  Page 31 of 51 HC-NIC Page 31 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT membership to the petitioner would be contrary to the  decision   of   the   Supreme   Court   in  Zoroastrian   Co­ operative   Housing   Society   Ltd.   And   Another   Vs.   District   Registrar,   Co­operative   Societies   (Urban)   And   Others   (supra).   The   fourth   reason   is   that   the  Karta   of   the   petitioner   HUF   has   filed   police  complaints against the society and the fifth reason is  that the grant of membership of the petitioner would  be against the interest of the society.

17. From the above, it is clear that respondent No.1  has gone beyond the scope and ambit of the Resolutions  passed by respondent No.2 Society and has added three  new reasons that were not advanced by respondent No.2  while rejecting the application of the petitioner. 

18. There is no dispute regarding the fact that the  petitioner   is   an   HUF   and   not   an   individual.   It   has  been held by the Division Bench of this Court in Jain   Merchants   Co­Op.   Housing   Society   Ltd.   &   Ors.   Vs.   H.U.F.   Of   Manubhai   Kalyanbhai   Shah   Through   Its   Manager Harishbhai Manubhai Shah & Ors. (supra) that: Page 32 of 51

HC-NIC Page 32 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT "10. ...Thus,   the   difference   of   the   judicial  opinion   on   this   issue   now   is   settled   and   as  per the decision of the Apex Court in (supra)  read   with   is  no   scope   for   doubt   that   the   H.U.F. may be considered as a single unit and   thus   there   is   nothing   in   the   Act   under   consideration   which   prevents   a   H.U.F.   from   becoming a member of the Co­operative Society  and   accordingly   second   contention   raised   by  Mr. Zaveri also fails."

(emphasis supplied)

19. It is a settled position of law that an HUF is a  single   unit   and   there   is   nothing   in   the   Act   that  prevents   an   HUF   from   becoming   a   member   of   a   Co­ operative   Society.   The   petitioner   HUF   fulfills   the  qualifications for becoming a member, as stipulated in  bye­law No.7 of respondent No.2 Society. It possesses  both   the   qualifications   for   membership   laid   down   in  the said bye­law.

20. One of the reasons advanced by respondent No.1 in  the impugned order is that, if membership is granted  to   the   petitioner   HUF,   it   would   amount   to   dual  membership. The basis for this line of thought appears  Page 33 of 51 HC-NIC Page 33 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT to be that the wife of the Karta is already a member,  owning Bungalow No.38 in the Society, in which other  family   members   are   also   residing.   According   to  respondent   No.1,   if   the   petitioner   HUF   is   granted  membership, it would amount to dual membership. This  reason   appears  to  be  illogical   and   untenable  on  the  face of it, in light of the above­quoted principles of  law enunciated in the case of  Jain  Merchants  Co­Op.   Housing   Society   Ltd.   &   Ors.   Vs.   H.U.F.   Of   Manubhai   Kalyanbhai   Shah   Through   Its   Manager   Harishbhai   Manubhai   Shah   &   Ors  (supra).  An   HUF   is   a   single  different   unit   as   distinguished   from   an   individual  member and both cannot be suffused together. The HUF  is seeking to become a member in its own capacity and  the fact that one of the family members comprising the  HUF is also a member in an individual capacity cannot  lead   to   the   conclusion   of   dual   membership.   An  individual is different from an HUF which has its own  legal status and a distinct right to become a member  of a Co­operative Housing Society.

21. It   appears   from   the   pleadings   that   the   Society  has admitted several members from a single family as  Page 34 of 51 HC-NIC Page 34 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT its members. This averment contained in the affidavit­ in­rejoinder filed by the petitioner wherein names and  details   have   been   given,   has   not   been   denied   or  controverted   by   respondent   No.2   Society.   It,  therefore,   can   be   considered   to   have   been   admitted.  The   respondent   Society   cannot   pick   and   choose   which  members it wants to admit from the same family, as it  pleases, and which it wants to refuse. Such action is  tinged with arbitrariness.

22. Nothing has been pointed out from the Act, Rules  or Bye­laws that prohibits the Society absolutely from  granting permission to an HUF that otherwise fulfils  all the qualifications and requirements of becoming a  member.   The   reason   advanced   by   respondent   No.1  regarding   dual   membership   cannot,   therefore,   be  accepted. As stated earlier, respondent No.1 has gone  beyond the reasons contained in the Resolutions of the  respondent Society in this regard. It was not open to  respondent No.1 to add additional reasons of his own  at the stage of the Revision Application. 

23. Coming to the aspect of the denial of membership  Page 35 of 51 HC-NIC Page 35 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT on   the   ground   of   a   police   complaint   filed   by   the  petitioner, it is seen that this reason is reflected  in the Resolutions of the Society as well as in the  order passed by respondent No.1. There is no bar in  the Act, Rules or Bye­laws that a person who files a  police complaint or sets the criminal law into motion  should be debarred from the membership of a   Society.  The filing of a police complaint is a private matter,  touching upon the private rights available in law to a  citizen. It has nothing to do with the affairs of the  Society, as such. In any case, the complaint has been  filed against certain office bearers of a Society and  not   against  the   Society  itself,   as   has  been   stated.  The   filing   of   a   police   complaint   can   hardly   be   a  ground,   or  constitute   sufficient   cause,   for   the  refusal   of   membership   to   the   petitioner,   which   is  otherwise duly qualified.

24. Respondent No.1 has referred to the judgment of  the   Supreme   Court   in   the   case   of  Zoroastrian   Co­ operative   Housing   Society   Ltd.   And   Another   Vs.   District   Registrar,   Co­operative   Societies   (Urban)   And   Others  (supra)  while   rejecting   the   Revision  Page 36 of 51 HC-NIC Page 36 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT Application   of   the   petitioner,   but   has   failed   to  elaborate how the said judgment would be relevant, in  the present case. This Court has gone through the said  judgment but does not find it to be applicable to the  facts and circumstances of the case in hand. In the  case before the Supreme Court, the issue was whether a  person who did not profess the Parsi religion could be  admitted as a member of the concerned Society, or not.  The   issue   involved   was   regarding   the   qualification  under   the   Bye­laws   of   the   said   Society.   The   issue  whether the petitioner is duly qualified or not does  not   arise   in   the   present   case   as   there   is   no   doubt  that the petitioner is qualified.

25. Before   addressing   the   question   whether   the   lack  of prior permission would constitute sufficient cause  to refuse admission as member of the Society to the  petitioner, it would be beneficial to take notice of  the   principles   of   law   enunciated   in  Jain   Merchants   Co­Op.   Housing   Society   Ltd.   &   Ors.   Vs.   H.U.F.   Of   Manubhai   Kalyanbhai   Shah   Through   Its   Manager   Harishbhai Manubhai Shah & Ors  (supra). In that case  as   well,   respondent   No.2   therein   had   not   obtained  Page 37 of 51 HC-NIC Page 37 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT prior permission from the society before effecting a  sale.   A   similar   contention   was   raised   that   in   a  tenant­owner Society, respondent No.2 had no ownership  right over the plot in question so as to transfer the  same of his own without the permission of the Society.  Another   contention   was   raised   that   there   was   no  application for membership by respondent No.1 therein  in  the   prescribed  form,  in  accordance   with   the   bye­ laws, therefore, there was no question of transferring  the plot in his favour until he became a member of the  society.   The   factual   matrix   of   the   present   case   is  somewhat similar and it would be of great importance  to   refer   to   the   relevant   extracts   of   the   above  judgment, which are reproduced below:

"8. ....We have considered the question of the   right of the Society to admit, deny or  refuse  the   membership   and   in   the   light   of   the  observations   relied   upon   by   Mr.   Zaveri   and   pointed   out   by   Mr.   Joshi,   we   are   of   the   opinion   that   the   contention   relating   to   an   absolute and unfettered right in favour of the   Society   to   admit,   deny   or   refuse   the  membership   cannot   be   accepted   for   the   simple  reason   that   according   to   this   Division   Bench  decision   (1984(2)   GLR   1244)   itself   as  Page 38 of 51 HC-NIC Page 38 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT mentioned in para 54 at page 1298 a right to   be   considered   for   being   a   member   has   been  recognised and consideration would always mean   a   fair   consideration.   Further,   refusal   of  membership   on   flimsy   and   trivial   grounds   has  also been left open to the challenge and the   remedy   of   the   aggrieved   person   and   the   right  to move the Court by regular civil action or   Civil   Court   or   before   the   Registrar   by  invoking   his   special   jurisdiction   in   such  cases   has   been   recognised.  Once   it   is   held   that   there   is   a   right   to   be   considered   for   being a member and the consideration  means a   fair   consideration,   it   is   implicit   in   the   very   nature   of   things   that   the   membership   cannot   be   refused   or   denied   at   pleasure   and   in   case   the   Membership   is   refused   on   any   flimsy   or   trivial   ground,   the   matter   can   be   agitated   before   the   Court   or   the   concerned   authority.  Thus, we find that the Society is   not clothed with such unfettered power and if   at   all   the   society   refuses   or   denies   membership on some flimsy and trivial ground,   it   will   be   open   to   the   aggrieved   party   to  move   the   Court   or   the   authorities   under   the   Act.  When   there   is   a   right   and   remedy  available   to   the   person,   who   has   been   denied  the membership, it does not stand to reason to   accept   the   contention   of   Mr.   Zaveri   that   the  petitioner­Society   has   any   such   absolute  Page 39 of 51 HC-NIC Page 39 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT right.   When   the   aggrieved   person   approaches   the Court or the competent authority, there is  no basis for the argument that the decision of   the Society to admit any one to membership or   to   deny   or   refuse   the   same   is   not   open   to   challenge. The first contention raised by Mr.  Zaveri,   therefore,   fails   and   is   hereby  rejected."

(emphasis supplied) "13. ...Principally there cannot be any dispute  to   the   proposition   that   members   of   any  cooperative   society   have   to   conform   to   the   bye­laws and any person desirous of becoming a   member   of   co­operative   society   shall   follow   the   bye­laws   and,   therefore,  while   we   agree  principally with Mr. Zaveri on this question,  we   find   from   the   perusal   of   the   documents,  which   have   been   annexed   with   the   petition   as  Annexures   2   and   3,   that   all  necessary  information   which   were   required   for   the  purpose   of  membership   and   for   the   purpose   of  transfer   of   plot   in   question   had   been   disclosed   and   made   available   to   the  petitioner­Society, which are required by the  bye­laws and, therefore, requirements of bye­ laws   of   the   petitioner­Society   had   been  substantially   complied   with.   Mr.   Joshi  appearing   for   the   respondent   No.   1   also  Page 40 of 51 HC-NIC Page 40 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT submitted   that   the   bye­laws   of   the   co­ operative society do not have me force of law   as has been held by the Supreme Court in, para   10   thereof,   wherein   it   has   been   observed   as  under:

"We   are   unable   to   accept   the   submission   that   the   bye­laws   of   a   co­operative   society   framed   in   pursuance   of   the   provisions  of the Act can be held to be   law or to have the force of law.  It has  no   doubt   been   held   that,   if   a   statute  gives   power   to   a   Government   or   other  authority   to   make   rules,   the   rules   so   framed have the force of statute and are  to be deemed to be incorporated as a part  of   the   statute.   That   principle,   however,   does not apply to bye­laws of the nature  that   a   co­operative   society   is   empowered   by the Act to make. The bye­laws that are   contemplated   by   the   Act   can   be   merely   those   which   govern   the   internal   management, business or administration of  a   society.   They   may   be   binding   between   the persons affected by them, but they do   not have the force of a statute."

(emphasis supplied) Page 41 of 51 HC-NIC Page 41 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT "13. ... It would be thus found that so far as  memberships   of   the   co­operative   Society   are   concerned, the approach which has been pointed  out   by   the   Supreme   Court   is   on   an   entirely  different   dimension   in   comparison   to   other  private societies.  Therefore, on the question   of   membership,   the   co­operative   society   cannot   be   given   an   absolute   free   hand   as   it   should   be   antithesis   to   the   basic   tenets   of   the   movement.  It   is   transparently   clear   from   the   documents   placed   on   record   with   in   the  petition   to   which   reference   has   been   made  hereinabove   that   necessary   particulars   were  available   before   the   petitioner­Society   and  respondents   Nos.   1   and   2   had   substantially   complied   with   the   requirements   of   the   bye­ laws.   Mr.   Joshi   has   argued   that   in   Sangram  Singh   V.   Election  Tribunal   Kota   para   16  thereof   at   page   429,   the   Supreme   Court   has  held that one has to look at the substance of   the matter and not to me form. Therefore, it   cannot be said that the respondent No. 1 could  not   be   admitted   to   the   membership   and   the  respondent No. 2 had no right to transfer the   plot   and,   therefore,   5th   contention   of   Mr.   Zaveri also fails."

(emphasis supplied) "14. It will be pertinent to point out that in  the   question   of   right   to   occupancy   has   been  Page 42 of 51 HC-NIC Page 42 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT considered   in   the   context   of   granting  membership   and   the   right   to   transfer   to   the  member   of   the   co­operative   society.  After   considering   the   scheme   of   the   Act   and   the   bye­laws, the Supreme Court has observed that   the   member   may   not   transfer   his   interest   in   the   property   prior   to   one   year   and   and   transfer is made to an existing member of the   Society or to a person whose application for   membership   has   been   accepted   by   the   Society   and  in the  case  at hand  there  is nothing  to   show   contravention   of   bye­laws   and   according   to   the   Supreme   Court   there   is   no   reason   to   think that mere is any question of refusal of   membership  of the Society to a non­member if   he   is   qualified   otherwise   and   makes   an   appropriate   application   in   which   case   the   transfer of shares will be operative and thus   the   assignment   of   the   right   to   occupation   will   hold   good.   The   Supreme   Court   further   held   that   this   species   of   property,   namely,   the   right   to   occupy,   assumed   significant   importance and acquires under the law a stamp   of   transferability   in   furtherance   of   the   interest   of   commerce   and   there   is   no   fetter   under   any   of   the   legal   provisions   against   granting   membership.   The   right   to   occupation   has   been   held   to   be   a   property   both   attachable   and   saleable   and   a   specific   non­ inclusion of a particular species of property   Page 43 of 51 HC-NIC Page 43 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT under  the  Schemes  of the Act  was not  of any   consequence if it is saleable otherwise."

(emphasis supplied)

26. From the above judgment, it flows that the Bye­ laws of the Society do not have statutory force but  are framed to govern the internal management, business  and administration of the Society. Further, the right  to   occupation   has   been   held   to   be   a   property   both  attachable   and  saleable.   As   per   Article   300A  of  the  Constitution of India, persons cannot be deprived of  property   save   by   authority   of   law.   The   Bye­laws   of  respondent   No.2   Society   have   no   statutory   force   and  the   stipulation   regarding   the   taking   of   prior  permission before entering into a transaction though  should   be   followed   in   principle,   its   breach   cannot  result in overriding the constitutional provision and,  consequently, result in deprivation of property to the  petitioner   or   act   as   a   determent   in   being   granted  membership of the Society. The Sale Deed executed by  the petitioner and the previous owner of Bungalow No.1  cannot   be   nullified   on   the   basis   of   bye­law   No.21  regarding the taking of prior permission. At best, the  lapse on the part of the petitioner can be termed as  Page 44 of 51 HC-NIC Page 44 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT an   irregularity   but   cannot   be   stated   to   be   an  illegality,   so   gross   that   it   would   debar   it   from  membership   for  all   times   to   come,   even  after  having  purchased the bungalow. There is no objection from the  previous owner in this regard, therefore, the stand of  respondent   No.2   Society   does   not   appear   to   be   a  reasonable one. Moreover, the Act, Rules and Bye­laws  do not state that if prior permission is not taken,  the   person   is   debarred   from   membership   forever,  irrespective of the fact that he has spent money and  purchased property in the Society.

27. Though respondent No.2 Society has the power to  admit a person as member or deny such membership, it  cannot do so without sufficient cause, especially if  the person is duly qualified as per its bye­laws. As  has already been discussed, the qualifications in the  bye­laws   are   fulfilled   by   the   petitioner.   Had   the  petitioner not been qualified, it would have gone to  the root of the matter. However, that is not the case.  The right of the Society to refuse admission to its  member to any person who is duly qualified should be  based  on  sufficient   cause.  In  the   present  case,  all  Page 45 of 51 HC-NIC Page 45 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT other  reasons   having  been   found   to   be   untenable  and  unsustainable, the only reason to be examined is the  failure on the part of the petitioner to obtain prior  permission   from   the   Society   before   entering   into   a  transaction   for   bungalow   No.1.   Such   failure   is  certainly   a   deviation   from   the   requirements   of   the  bye­laws   but   cannot   be   termed   as   an   illegality   in  terms   of   the   Act   and   Rules.   It   would   amount   to   a  procedural irregularity. No consequences are provided  under   the   Act   or   Rules   if   the   person   applies   for  membership  after the transaction is over. As has been  held by the Division Bench, the Society is not clothed  with unfettered power to deny membership on flimsy or  trivial   grounds   that   do   not   constitute   sufficient  cause and if that is so, the aggrieved party is free  to move the authorities or the Court under the Act. It  is under these circumstances that the petitioner has  approached   the   authorities   and,   consequently,   this  Court. It may not be understood that the Court takes  lightly,   the   implementation   of   the   bye­laws.   On   the  contrary, the bye­laws should be scrupulously followed  by   all   concerned.   However,   when   a   default   has   been  committed   and   is   sought   to   be   cured   later   on,   the  Page 46 of 51 HC-NIC Page 46 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT Court   has   to   weigh   the   consequences   ensuing   to   the  petitioner   and   the   Society.   As   the   members   of   the  petitioner   HUF   already   reside   in   Bungalow   No.38   and  all   are   qualified   as   per   bye­law   No.7,   no   serious  consequences or prejudice would arise to the Society  if   the   petitioner   is   admitted   as   member.   The  petitioner   has   purchased   the   bungalow   after   paying  consideration   but   cannot   occupy   it,   as   it   is   not   a  member. It is lying vacant and would deteriorate with  time. Weighing all aspects, it can be said that the  petitioner would be deprived of the enjoyment of the  property and would suffer more due to the rejection of  its application. 

28. The   petitioner   has   requested   for  ex   post   facto  permission from the Society. There is nothing in the  Act, Rules or Bye­laws barring the respondent Society  from   considering   the   application   of   the   petitioner,  even by imposing a penalty, if thought fit. The denial  of   membership   on   the   ground   of   not   taking   prior  permission   would   constitute   a   new   disqualification  that is not mentioned in the bye­laws.

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29. It transpires that there is bad blood between the  members of the petitioner HUF and the office bearers  of the respondent Society, perhaps aggravated by the  complaint filed by the Karta of the petitioner HUF. It  appears   to   have   become   a   prestige   issue   for   both  parties.   Though   the   Court   is   hardly   concerned   with  this   aspect   of   the   matter,   however,   it   cannot   be  forgotten that mutual co­operation is the basic tenet  of the Act and forms the underlying objective for its  very enactment. The Bye­laws of a Society, which are  framed   for   its   internal   management,   cannot   deviate  from this objective.

30. Learned counsel for respondent No.2 has submitted  that   the   land   belongs   to   the   society   and   the  petitioner   has   no   right   to   enter   into     a   sale  transaction   regarding   it.   This   aspect   has   been  answered by the Division Bench in the judgment in the  case of Jain Merchants Co­Op. Housing Society Ltd. &  Ors. Vs. H.U.F. Of Manubhai  Kalyanbhai  Shah Through   Its  Manager  Harishbhai  Manubhai  Shah  & Ors.  (supra)  where a similar argument was negatived. Page 48 of 51 HC-NIC Page 48 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT

31. The   purpose   of   forming   a   Co­operative   Housing  Society is to enable its members to live in mutual co­ operation, peace and harmony with each other, in order  to   carry   out   the   objects   for   which   the   Society   is  formed.   Deterioration   of   relations   between   persons  living in the Society are detrimental to its overall  welfare   and   can   lead   to   hardening   of   attitudes   and  hearts,   as   appears   to   have   happened   in   the   present  case. Such a situation should be avoided, as far as  possible, in the interest of the Society. It is never  too   late   to   mend   fences   and   make   an   attempt   to   see  that all members of the Society live in peace. Such an  attempt should be made by the petitioner as well as  the   office   bearers   and   members   of   respondent   No.2  Society. It is never too late to bury the hatchet and  start afresh.

32. According   to   respondent   No.1,   the   grant   of  membership to the petitioner would be harmful to the  interest of the Society. There is nothing on record to  show   that   the   petitioner   is   indulging   in   any  undesirable activities that would harm the interest of  the Society.

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33. In   the   view   of   this   Court,   both   the   Office  Bearers   and   members   of   respondent   No.2   Society,   as  well   as   the   petitioner,   ought   to   make   a   concerted  effort   to   bury  their  differences  and   live  in  mutual  co­operation,   especially   in   light   of   the   fact   that  one of the members of the petitioner HUF is already a  member   of   the   Society   in   an   individual  capacity  and  the   family   members   are   residing   in   Bungalow   No.38.  There   is   enough   strife   in   other   spheres   of   life  without   introducing   it   to   the   basic   level   of   a  residential Society, where members desire to reside in  peace and harmony, which is the normal desire of every  human   being.   Mutual   understanding   and   co­operation  between the petitioner, members and office bearers of  respondent   No.2   Society   would   not   only   promote   the  interest of respondent No.2 Society, but of Society at  large. 

34. In light of the above discussion and in view of  the   principles   of   law   enunciated   by   this   Court   in  Jain   Merchants   Co­Op.   Housing   Society   Ltd.   &   Ors.   Vs.   H.U.F.   Of   Manubhai   Kalyanbhai   Shah   Through   Its   Manager Harishbhai Manubhai Shah & Ors. (supra), this  Page 50 of 51 HC-NIC Page 50 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016 C/SCA/16790/2011 CAV JUDGMENT Court considers it appropriate to pass the following  order:

The impugned judgment dated 25.08.2011, passed by  respondent   No.1,   is   quashed   and   set   aside. 
Consequently, the Resolutions dated 06.06.2007 of the  respondent   Society   are   rendered   ineffective. 
Respondent No.2 shall consider the application of the  petitioner for the grant of membership afresh, after  hearing the petitioner and pass a fresh resolution. 
It is, however, made clear that the application  shall be considered from the date on which it is made  and   not   with   retrospective  effect,   as   prayed  for   by  the petitioner. 

35. The   petition   is   partly­allowed,   in   the   above  terms. Rule is made absolute, accordingly. There shall  be no orders as to costs. 

(SMT. ABHILASHA KUMARI, J.) piyush Page 51 of 51 HC-NIC Page 51 of 51 Created On Tue Jul 12 02:28:28 IST 2016