State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission
Smt. Aarti Pareek W/O Sh. Govind Pareek vs Ankit Sonographyi Canter, Cear Of Maya ... on 20 February, 2020
1 jkT; miHkksDrk fookn izfrrks"k vk;ksx] cSap la- 1] jkt0] t;iqj ifjokn la[;k %& 123@2014 01- Jherh vkjrh ikjhd] iRuh Jh xksfoUn ikjhd] vk;q 39 o"kZ 02- xksfoUn ikjhd] iq= Jh jkenso ikjhd] vk;q 31 o"kZ 03- g"kZo)Zu ikjhd] iq= Jh xksfoUn ikjhd] vk;q 02 o"kZ ¼ vo;Ld ½ tfj;s ekrk ,oa izkd`frd laj{k.k Jherh vkjrh ikjh] iRuh Jh xksfoUn ikjhd] vk;q 29 o"kZ leLr tkfr czkge.k] fuoklh xzke ,oa iksLV vtsrk] ok;k [kVdM+ rglhy o ftyk cwUnh ¼ jkt-½ ifjoknhx.k cuke vafdr lksuksxzkQh lsUVj] ds;j vkWQ ek;k gkWfLiVy dqEHkk LVsfM;e ds lkeus] N=iqjk jksM] cwUnh ¼ jkt0 ½ tfj;s izksijkbZVj@izcU/kd foi{khx.k le{k % ekuuh; Jh dey dqekj ckxMh] lnL; ¼U;kf;d½ ekuuh; lnL; Jherh ehuk esgrk mifLFkr %& ifjoknhx.k dh vksj ls Jh foTth vxzoky ,oWa vrqy ikjhd vf/koDrk foi{kh dh vksj ls Jh izrhd dklyhoky ,oa jkds'k fjtokfu;kWa vf/koDrk fu.kZ; fnukad 20 Qjojh] 2020 jkT; vk;ksx jktLFkku t;iqj ¼}kjk Jh dey dqekj ckxM+h] lnL;] ¼U;kf;d½ ;g ifjokn Jherh vkjrh ikjhd ,oa vU; dh vksj ls vafdr lksuksxzkQh lsUVj ds fo:) bl vk;ksx esa fnukad 29-12-2014 dks is'k fd;kA 2 izdj.k ds rF; bl izdkj gS fd ifjokfnuh la[;k 1 Jherh vkjrh ikjhd }kjk o"kZ 2012 esa xHkZ /kkj.k djus ij MkWa0 Jherh 'kdqUryk HkkfV;k] ofj"B L=h jksx fo'ks"kK] tukuk gkWfLiVy] cwUnh ¼ jkt0 ½ dks fn[kyk;k x;kA MkWa0 Jherh 'kdqUryk HkkfV;k }kjk fnukad 19-06-2012 dks ifjokfnuh dks lksuksxzkQh djok;s tkus dk ijke'kZ fn;k x;k] ftl ijke'kZ iphZ dh lgh ,oa lR; Nk;k izfr orZeku ifjokn i= ds lkFk crkSj izn'kZ&lh&1 layXu gSA ifjokfnuh la[;k 1 Jherh vkjrh ikjhd }kjk fpfdRld ds mijksDr ijke'kZ vuqlkj foi{kh vafdr lksuksxzkQh lsUVj ¼ ftls ;gkW ls vkxs foi{kh ds :i esa lacksf/kr fd;k tkosxk½ ds ;gkWA fnukad 21-06-2012 ij ns; 'kqYd dk Hkqxrku dj lksuksxzkQh djokbZ xbZA foi{kh }kjk viuh fjiksVZ fnukad 21-06-2012 esa "single viable fetus of approx 15 wks 0 day of gestation" dh jk; nh xbZA foi{kh }kjk tkjh dh xbZ mijksDr nksuksa lksuksxzkQh fjiksVZ ls ifjokfnuh la[;k 1 Jherh vkjrh ikjhd ,oa ifjoknh la[;k 2 xksfoUn ikjhd bl fo'okl esa jgs fd ifjokfnuh la[;k 1 Jherh vkjrh ikjhd ds xHkZ esa iy jgs Hkzw.k dk gj n`f"V ls lgh :i ls fodkl gks jgk gSA ifjokfnuh la[;k 1 Jherh vkjrh ikjhd }kjk ia- c`tlqUnj 'kekZ lkekU; fpfdRlky; cwWnh ¼ jkt0 ½ esa fnukad 29-12-2012 ij iq= ifjoknh la[;k 3 g"kZo)Zu ikjhd dks tUe fn;k x;k] iq= tUe ds lkFk gh ifjokfnuh la[;k 1 Jherh vkjrh ikjhd ,oa ifjoknh la[;k 2 xksfoUn ikjhd dks ;g Kkr gqvk fd muds iq= dk nk;ka gkFk v)Z&fodflr FkkA mijksDr nksuksa gh ifjoknhx.k dks mDr rF; dh tkudkjh gksus ij vR;Ur xgjk lnek igqWapkA ;fn foi{kh }kjk fnukad 21-06-2012 ,oa 23-09-2012 ij ;ksX;rk izkIr] vuqHkoh ,oa dq'ky jsfM;ksykWftLV ds }kjk vR;k/kqfud lksuksxzkQh e'khu ds tfj;s lgh rduhd dk iz;ksx dj ;fn ifjokfnuh la[;k 1 Jherh vkjrh ikjhd dks lksuksxzkQh dj lgh <ax ls foospuk dh tkrh rks ifjokfnuh la[;k 1 Jherh vkjrh ikjhd ds xHkZ esa iy jgs Hkwz.k dk nk;ka gkFk v)Z&fodflr tSlh gross anomaly dks fpfUgr dj fy;k tkrk rFkk rRle; ifjokfnuh la[;k 1 Jherh vkjrh ikjhd ,oa ifjoknh la[;k 2 xksfoUn ikjhd ds le{k ;g fodYi ekStwn jgrk fd os izsXusUlh dks vkxs tkjh j[ksa ;k ughaA ijUrq foi{kh ds ;gkW uk rks ,d ;ksX;rk izkIr] vuqHkoh ,oa dq'ky jsfM;ksykWftLV }kjk vR;k/kqfud lksuksxzkQh e'khu ds tfj;s lgh rduhd iz;ksx esa yh tk dj lksuksxzkQh dh xbZ uk gh lgh <ax ls lksuksxzkQh dh foospuk (interpretation) dh xbZ] ftlds dkj.k ifjokfnuh 3 la[;k 1 Jherh vkjrh ikjhd ,oa ifjoknh la[;k 2 xksfoUn ikjhd Hkzw.k ds fodkl dh lgh oLrqfLFkfr tkus esa vlQy jgs ,oa ifj.kkeLo:i mUgsa ,sls iq= dh izkfIr gqbZ ftldk nk;ka gkFk v)Z&fodflr FkA vc ifjokfnuh la[;k 1 Jherh vkjrh ikjhd ,oa ifjoknh la[;k 2 xksfoUn ikjhd dks vius iq= ifjoknh la[;k 3 g"kZo)Zu ikjhd ds ykyu&ikyu esa uk flQZ xaHkhj dfBukbZ;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+sxk cfYd mldk vko';drk ls vf/kd /;ku Hkh j[kuk iMsxk ,oa nSfud dk;Z lEiUu djkus ds fy, ges'kk mifLFkr jguk iMsxkA ;gh lgh] ifjokfnuh la[;k 1 Jherh vkjrh ikjhd ,oa ifjoknh la[;k 2 xksfoUn ikjhd dks vius iq= ds mijksDr vafdr v)Z&fodflr nk;sa gkFk ds pyrs lkekftd migkl ,oa gs; n`f"V dk ik= cuuk iM+x s k rFkk iq= ds fy, iw.kZ ;ksX; o/kq <aw<uk vlaHko gksxkA lkFk gh] ifjoknh la[;k 3 g"kZo)Zu ikjhd dks Hkh foi{kh ds mijksDr ykijokgh ds dkj.k ,d ,slk thou thus ds fy, foo'k gksuk iM+k gS ftlesa nk;sa gkFk ds v)Z fodflr gksus ds pyrs cgqr lkjs vko';d dk;Z djus ls og oafpr jgsxk rFkk lkFk gh mls thou esa dbZ dfBukbZ;ksa ,oa v{kerkvksa dks >syus ds fy, ck/; gksuk iM+sxk rFkk lkekftd migkl ,oa gs; n`f"V dk ik= Hkh cuuk iMsxkA ;gh ugha] ifjoknh la[;k 3 g"kZo/kZu ikjhd dks vkxs pydj fookg gsrq iw.kZ:is.k ;ksX; thoulkFk ls Hkh oafpr jguk iM+x s kA bls vfrfjDr] ifjoknh la[;k 3 g"kZo)Zu ikjhd dks viuk nk;ka gkFk v)Z&fodflr gksus dh 'kkjhfjd v{kerk ds pyrs thou;kiu gsrq dbZ mfpr laHkkoukvks@ a voljksa ls Hkh oafpr jguk iM+sxkA vr% ifjokn esa pkgs x;s vuqrks"k fnyok;s tk;saA ifjoknh dh vksj ls ifjokn ,oa lk{; ds leFkZu esa Lo;a dk 'kiFk&i= ,oa izn'kZ&lh@1 yxk;r izn'kZ&lh@7 nLrkost izLrqr fd;sA foi{kh dh vksj ls tokc esa dFku fd;k x;k fd izLrqr ifjokn vko';d i{kdkj tks izLrqr ifjokn ds fuLrkj.k ds fy, vko';d gS] dks izLrqr ifjokn esa foi{kh u cuk;s tkus ds dkj.k ifjokn ukWu tksbM a j vkWQ usll s jh ikVhZ vFkkZr~ vko';d i{kdkj dks i{kdkj u cuk;s tkus ds dkj.k [kkfjt fd;s tkus ;ksX; gSA izdj.k esa ifjokfnuh la[;k 1 dh lksuksxzkQh dh rFkkdfFkr xyr fjiksVZ gksus ds dkj.k ifjoknhx.k dks gqbZ rFkkdfFkr {kfr ds ckcr~ foi{kh ls eqvkots dh ekax dh xbZ vkSj izLrqr ifjokn esa lksuksxzkQh djus okys fpfdRld MkWDVj jktho 4 xqIrk iq= Jh cStukFk xqIrk] fuoklh 4&lh 31] nknkckM+h foLrkj] dksVk ¼ jktLFkku½ dks i{kdkj ugha cuk;k x;kA ifjoknhx.k foi{kh ds miHkksDrk dh Js.kh esa ugha vkrs gSA ifjoknhx.k }kjk fcuk fdlh vk/kkj ds dkYifud eqvkot jkf'k ekaxrs gq, l{ke ftyk eap miHkksDrk laj{k.k jktLFkku dh vf/kdkfjrk ds foijhr izkjfEHkd {ks=kf/kdkj ds :i esa ekuuh; jkT; vk;ksx ds le{k ;g ifjokn izLrqr fd;k gS tks fljs ls {ks=kf/kdkj ds dkj.k l{ke ftyk eap esa izLrqr djus ds fy, ykSVkus ds funsZ'k ds lkFk [kkfjt fd;s tkus ;ksX; gSA fo'ks"kK MkWDVj jktho xqIrk }kjk lksuksxzkQh dh fjiksVksZ dks Ldsu ds lUnHkZ esa ns[kus ls Li"V izrhr gksrk gS fd ifjoknh la[;k 1 ds Ldsu esa xHkZLFk f'k'kq esa gS.M ,ukseyh ¼Hand Anomaly½ ugha fn[kkbZ nhA ;gkWa ;g mYys[kuh; gS fd lksuksxzkQh djus okys fpfdRld MkWDVj jktho xqIrk us MkWDVj lEiw.kkZuUn esfMdy dkWyst] tks/kiqj ds jsfM;ksyksth foHkkx ls fnukad 09-05-2001 ls 08-05-2004 rd izf'k{k.k fy;k gS vkSj izf'k{k.k ds i'pkr~ Hkh yxkrkj lksuksxzkQh djrs pys vk jgs gSA jktLFkku jkT; ljdkj }kjk ih-lh-ih-,u-Mh-Vh- ,DV 1994 ,oa fu;eksa ds vuqlkj lksuksxzkQh djus ds fy, vf/kd`r fd;k gqvk gSA foi{kh us egt lksuksxzkQh lsUVj dk bUQzkLVªDVpj miyC/k djk;k Fkk tc fd ifjoknh la[;k 1 dh lksuksxzkQh dj ml ij jk; fo'ks"kK MkWDVj jktho xqIrk }kjk nh xbZ FkhA ifjokfnuh la[;k 1 dh lksuksxzkQh foi{kh ds ;gkWa fo'ks"kK MkDVj jktho xqIrk }kjk dh xbZ Fkh ftUgksus s iw.kZ foosd ls fnukad 21-06-2012 o 23-09-2012 dks viuh jk; vafdr dh FkhA ifjoknhx.k dk ;g dFku iw.kZr;k xyr gS fd ifjokfnuh la[;k 1 dh fnukad 21-06-2012 o 23-09-2012 dks ;ksX;rk izkIr vuqHkoh o dq'ky jsfM;ksyksftLV }kjk vR;k/kqfud lksuksxzkQh e'khu ds tfj;s lgh rduhd dk iz;ksx dj lksuksxzkQh dj lgh <ax ls foospuk dh tkrh rks ifjokfnuh la[;k 1 Jherh vkjrh ikjhd ds xHkZ esa iy jgs Hkzw.k dk nka;k gkFk v)Z fodflr gksus tSlh gross anomaly dks fpfUgr dj fy;k tkrk rFkk rRle; ifjokfnuh la[;k 1 Jherh vkjrh ikjhd ,oa ifjoknh la[;k 2 xksfoUn ikjhd ds le{k ;g fodYi ekStwn jgrk fd os izsxsUlh dks vkxs tkjh j[ksa ;k ughaA lksuksxzkQh djus okys fpfdRld MkWDVj jktho xqIrk ,oa ;ksX;rk izkir lksuksxzkQh djus ds fy, iw.kZ vuqHkoh vf/kd`r fpfdRld gS vkSj ih-lh-ih-,u-Mh-Vh- ,DV 1994 ,oa fu;e 1996 ds izko/kkuksa ds vuqlkj lksuksxzkQh djus ds fy, vko';d ;ksX;rk,a j[krs gSA mDr fpfdRld MkWDVj jktho xqIrk lEiw.kkZuUn esMhdy dkWyst tks/kiqj ds 5 jsfM;ksyksth foHkkx ls fnukad 09-05-2001 ls 08-05-2004 rd izf'k{k.k fy;k gS vkSj izf'k{k.k ds i'pkr~ Hkh yxkrkj lksuksxzkQh djrs pys vk jgs gSA jktLFkku jkT; ljdkj ih-lh-ih-,u-Mh-Vh- ,DV 1994 ,oa fu;eksa ds vuqlkj lksuksxzkQh djus ds fy, vf/kd`r fd;k gqvk gSA ftudk jktLFkku esfMdy dkSafly esa iath;u fnukad 10-03-2000 ls gSA foi{kh }kjk vR;k/kqfud lksuksxzkQh e'khu dk iz;ksx ugha fd;k x;kA foi{kh us vius lksuksxzkQh lsUVj esa rksf'kck esd (Famio Model SSA-510A/P5, Convex Probe Model PVG 366M, Soni B & W Thermal Printer Model UP 897 MD) dh e'khu LFkkfir dj j[kh gS tks fnukad 13-11-2009 dks foi{kh }kjk [kjhnh xbZ FkhA mijksDr e'khu cktkj esa vPNh lk[k j[krh gS vkSj fo'ks"kKksa }kjk mi;ksx esa yk;h tkrh jgh gSA ifjokfnuh la[;k 1 dh lksuksxzkQh ds Ldsu ds voyksdu ls Li"V izrhr gksrk gS fd xHkZLFk f'k'kq esa gS.M ,ukseyh ¼ Hand Anomaly) ugha fn[kkbZ ns jgh gSA foi{kh dh vksj ls fo'ks"kK MkWDVj jktho xqIrk us viuh fjiksVZ esa ;g vafdr fd;k fd "All conginantional anomalies in fetus may not be diagnosed in obst. Ultrasound" ftldk vk'k; gS fd xHkZ esa lHkh izdkj dh dathfuVu ,ukseyht dk voyksdu lksuksxzkQh esa ugha fd;k tk ldrkA ifjoknh la[;k 1 dh izFke lksuksxzkQh tks 15 lIrkg dh vof/k ij dh xbZ Fkh vkSj mDr vof/k ds xHkZ esa fdlh Hkh izdkj dh ,ukseyh ¼ Anomaly) dk vYVªk lkmaM lksuksxzkQh ls irk yxus dh laHkkouk cgqr de gksrh gS rFkk f}rh; lksuksxzkQh ls irk yxus dh laHkkouk cgqr de gksrh gS rFkk f}rh; lksuksxzkQh tks 28 lIrkg 6 fnol dh vof/k ij dh xbZ Fkh esa Hkh xHkZ esa fdlh Hkh izdkj dh ,ukseyh ¼ Anomaly) dk vYVªk lkmaM lksuksxzkQh ls irk yxus dh laHkkouk leLr dslksa esa u gksdj dqN ijlsaVt s dslksa esa gksrh gS vkSj tks Hkh xHkZLFk f'k'kq dh iksft'ku] ikuh dh ek=k rFkk xHkZLFk f'k'kq dh eksfcfyVh ij fuHkZj djrh gSSA izLrqr izdj.k esa xHkZLFk f'k'kq mYVh fn'kk esa Fkk vFkkZr~ xHkZLFk f'k'kq dk flj Åij dh rFkk fupyk fgLlk uhps dh vksj Fkk tc fd lk/kkj.k voLFkk esa xHkZLFk f'k'kq dk flj uhps dh vksj o fupyk fgLlk Åij dh vksj gksrk gS vkSj ftldk mYys[k lksuksxzkQh fjiksVZ esa dj fn;k x;k Fkk rFkk xHkZLFk f'k'kq ds mYVh fn'kk esa gksus dh voLFkk esa lksuksxzkQh ls ,ukseyh ¼ Anomaly) dk irk yxus dh laHkkouk vkSj Hkh de gks tkrh gSA f}rh; lksuksxzkQh tks 28 lIrkg 6 fnol ij dh xbZ Fkh ij ;fn mDr ,ukseyh ¼ Anomaly) dk irk Hkh yx tkrk rks ifjokfnuh la[;k 1 o ifjoknh la[;k 2 ds ikl izsXusUlh dks vkxs tkjh j[kus ;k ugha j[kus dk fodYi ugha Fkk D;kas fd xHkZ 6 dh ,slh voLFkk esa xHkZ fxjkus dh dkuwu esfMdy VfeZu's ku vkWQ fizXusuUlh ,DV 1971 e; la'kksf/kr ,DV 2002 ,sls xHkZikr dh btktr ugha nsrk gSA ifjokfnuh la[;k 1 ds xHkZ ds nkSjku foi{kh ds ;gkWa dh xbZ vYVªklkm.M lksuksxzkQh esa gS.M ,ukseyh ¼ Hand Anomaly) dk u fn[kkbZ nsuk ,d pkal gS ftl ij foi{kh ,oa fo'ks"kK MkWDVj jktho xqIrk dk dksbZ Hkh cl ugha gSA foi{kh ds ;gkWa fo'ks"kK MkDVj jktho xqIrk }kjk ifjokfnuh la[;k 1 dh vYVªklkm.M lksuksxzkQh fd;k tkuk rFkk ml ij nh xbZ jk; ds ckcr~ dksbZ Hkh ykijokgh vFkok lsoknks"k dh Js.kh esa ugha vkrk gSA vr% ifjoknhx.k dk ifjokn [kkfjt fd;k tk;saA foi{kh dh vksj ls tokc ,oa lk{; ds leFkZu esa Jherh ek;k xqIrk ,oa MkWa0 jktho xqIrk ds 'kiFk&i= ,oa izn'kZ&R@1 yxk;r izn'kZ&R/5 nLrkostkr izLrqr fd;sA i{kdkjku vf/koDrkk dh cgl lquh ,oa i=koyh dk voyksdu fd;kA fo)ku vf/koDrk ifjoknh us ifjokn esa vafdr rF;ksa dks nksgjkrs gq, izLrqr esMhdy fyVªspj dh vksj /;ku fnyk;kA foi{kh vf/koDrk us ekSf[kd o fyf[kr cgl }kjk tokc o nLrkost dh vksj /;ku fnyk;k o fuEu U;kf;d n`"VkUr izLrqr fd;s%&
01. (2005) 6 SCC 1 JACOB MATHEW VS. STATE OF PUNJAB AND ANOTHER
02. (2010) 3 SCC 480 KUSUM SHARMA AND OTHERS VS BATRA HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTRE AND OTHERS
03. (2010 ) 15 SCC 193 SENTHIL SCAN CENTRE VS SHANTHI SRIDHARAN AND ANOTHER
04. CIVIL APPEAL NO. 8504 OF 2019 DR. TARUN KUMAR VOHRA VS ARCHANA
05. REVISION PETITION NO. 293 OF 2012 PRAYAG HOSPITAL & RESEARCH CENTER PVT. LTD. AND ORS.
VS VIJAY PAL DECIDED ON: 08.02.2016
06. REVISION PETITION NO. 1316 OF 2016 ASHOK KUMAR PATHAK Vs. DR. SWARNAVE ROY & ANR. DECIDED ON DECEBER 21, 2016
07. CIVIL APPEAL NO. 3541 OF 2002 MARTIN F. D'SOUZA Vs. MOHD. ISHFAQ DECIDED ON 17.02.2009 7 bl izdj.k esa ifjokfnuh xHkZorh Fkh mlus foi{kh ds ;gkWa 21-06-2012 o 23-09-2012 dks lksuksxzkQh djok;h] lksuksxzkQh fjiksVZ esa ifjokfnuh ds xHkZ esa iy jgs cPps ds dksbZ nks"k ugha fn[kk;k ifjokfnuh ds ifjoknh la[;k 3 iq= gqvk rks] ;g ik;k fd ifjoknh la[;k 3 ds nkWfguk gkFk v)Z fodflr Fkk foi{kh la[;k 3 ds izLrqr QksVksxzkQ~l ls ;g izrhr gksrk gS fd ifjoknh la[;k 3 dk nkWfguk gkFk vadq.kh rd gS 'ks"k Hkkx ugha gS foi{kh us tc lksuksxzkQh dh rks mldk drZO; Fkk fd xHkZ esa iy jgs f'k'kq dk fodkl ns[krkA foi{kh ds ikl tks e'khu Fkh og Vw Mh Cysd ,.M OgkbZV Fkh mlesa ns[kk Hkh ugha tk ldrk Fkk ;g lc Fkzh Mh ;k Qksj Mh vYVªklkm.M ls ns[kk tk ldrk FkkA foi{kh ;k rks uohu rduhdh dh e'khu ls vYVªklkm.M djrk] ;fn mlds ikl miyC/k ugha Fkh] rks] ifjokfnuh dks tokc nsrk] ftlls ifjokfnuh nwljh txg vYVªklkm.M djk ds xHkZ esa iy jgs cPps ds ckjs esa tkWap djok ysrh ijUrq foi{kh us ,slk ugha fd;kA bl izdkj ifjoknhx.k ds ftEes tks Hkkj Fkk og ifjoknhx.k lkfcr djus esa lQy jgs gS A vc iz'u vkrk gS foi{kh dk \ bl laca/k esa II (2009) CPJ 61 SC NIZAM INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES Vs. PRASANTH S. DHANANKA esa ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us fuEu fu/kkZfjr fd;k gS %&
(ii) Medical Negligence--Burden of Proof -- Initial burden to prove medical negligence discharged by complainant - Burden shifts on hospital/attending doctors to satisfy Court that there was no lack of care or deligence.
(2004) 8 SCC page 56 SAVITA GARG (SMT) Vs. DIRECTOR, NATIONAL HEART INSTITUTE esa ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us fuEu fu/kkZfjr fd;k gS %& D. Consumer Protection Act, 1986 - Ss. 22, 18, 12 and 13 -Mecical negligence -- Burden of proof -Held, once aclaim petition is filed and the complainant has successfully discharged the initial burden that the hospital/clinic/doctor was negligent, and that as a result of such negligence the patient died, then in that case the burden lies on the hospital and the doctor concened who treatedthe patient to show that there was no negligence involved 8 in the treatment - Reasons for, given - Torts - Medical negligence--Burden of proof ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; }kjk fu/kkZfjr fl)kUrksa dks ns[krs gq, foi{kh dks ;g fl) djuk gS fd mlus iw.kZ Skill o lko/kkuh ls Mk;Xuksl fd;kA fpfdRlh; ykijokgh ds lac/a k esa ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; ds eq[; :i ls nks fu.kZ; gSA bl lac/a k esa (2005) 6 Supreme Court Cases 1 JACOB MATHEW Vs STATE OF PUNJAB AND AN OTHER esa ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us fuEu fu/kkZfjr fd;k gS %& J. Tort -Negligence - Medical Negligence -When actionable - Test for Approach to be taken in dealing with cases of - Rationable for differential treatment of medical profession, discussed in extenso - Duties undertaken by doctors enumerated - Held, in a claim of medical negligence, it is enough for defendant to show that standard of care and skill attained was that of the ordinary competent medical practitioner exercising an ordinary degree of professional skill - Test for medical negligence laid down in Balam case, (1957) 2 All ER 118, 121 D-F [set out in para 19 herein], held, applicable in india -Further explained in detail when deviation from normal medical practice would amount to evidence of medical negligence - various issues clarified as to (1) state of knowledge by which standard of care is to be determined, (2) Standard of care in case of charge of failure (a) to use some particular equipment, or (b) to take some precaution, (3) enquiry to be made when alleged negligence is (a) due to an accident, or (b) due to an error of judgment in choice of a procedure or its execution--Considerations to be kept in mind by any forum trying issue of medical negligence, specified - Medical Practitioners K. Tort -Negligence - Professional negligence--when actionable--Test for--Held, a professional may be held liable for negligence either (1) wnen he was not possessed of the requisite skill which he professed to have possessed, or (2) when he did not exercise, with reasonable competence in the given case, the skill which he did possess--Standard to be applied would be that of an ordinary competent person 9 exercising ordinary skill in that profession--Test for professional negligence laid down in Bolam case, (1957) 2 All ER 118, 121 D-F [set out in para 19 herein], held, applicable in India - Professional negligence distinguished from occupational negligence.
N. Tort -Negligence-Definition and meaning (jurisprudential and forensic), discussed in estenso -Words and phrases The jurisprudential concept of negligence defies any precise definition. In current forensic speech, negligence has three meanings. They are: (i) a state of mind, in which it is apposed to intention; (ii) careless conduct; and (iii) the breach of a duty to take care that is imposed by either common or stature law. All three meanings are aplicable in different circumstances but any one of them does not necessarily exclude the other meanings. (Paras 10 and 11) Negligence is the breach of a duty caused by omission to do domething which a reasonable man guided by those considerations which ordinarily regulate the conduct of human affairs would do, or doing something which a prudent and reasonable man would not do. Negligence becomes actionable on account of injury resulting from the act or omission amounting to negligence attributable to the person sued. The essential components of negligence, as recognised, are three:
"duty", "breach" and "resulting damage", that is to say:
(1)the existence of a duty to take care, which is owed by the defendant to the complainant;
(2)the failure to attain that standard of care, prescribed by the law, thereby committing a breach of such duty; and (3)Damage, which is both causally connected with such breach and recognised by the law, has been suffered by the complainant.
(4) If the Claimant satisfies the court on the evidence that these three ingredients are made out, the defendant should be held liable in negligence.
2010 (I) RLW 722 (SC) Kusum sharma & ors. Vs. Batra Hospital & Medical Research Centre & ors. esa fpfdRlh; ykijokgh ds laca/k esa ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us fuEu fn'kk&funsZ'k fn;s gS%& 10 "On scrutiny of the leading cases of medical negligence both in our country and other countries specially the United Kingdom, some basic principles emerge in dealing with the cases of medical negligence. While deciding whether the medical professional is guilty of medical negligence following well known principles must be kept in view:
I. Negligence is the breach of a duty exercised by ommission to do somethingwhich a reasonable man, guided by those considerations which ordinarily regulate the conduct of human affairs, would do, or doing something which a prudent and reasonable man would not do.
II. Negligence is an essential ingredient of the offence. The negligence to be established by the prosecution must be culpable or gross and not the negligence merely based upon an error of judgment.
III. The medical professional is ecpected to bring a reasonable degree of skill and knowledge and must exercise a reasonable degree of care. Neither the very highest nor a very low degree of care and competence judged in the light of the particular circumstances of each case is what the law requires.
IV. A medical practitioner would be liable only where his conduct fell below that of the standards of a reasonable competent practitioner in his field.
V. In the realm of diagnosis and treatment there is scope for genuine difference of opinion and one professional doctor is clearly not negligent merely because his conclusion differs from that of other professional doctor.
VI. The medical professional is often called upon to adopt a procedure which involves higher element of risk, but which he honestly believes as providing greater chances of success for the patient rather than a procedure involving lesser risk but highest chances of failure. Just because a professional looking to the gravity of illness has taken higher element of risk to redeem the patient 11 out of his/her suffering which did not yield the disired result may not amount to negligence.
VII. Negligence cannot be attributed to a doctor so long as he performs his duties with reasonable skill and competence. Merely because the doctor chooses one course of action in preference to the other one available, he would not be liable if the course of action chosen by him was acceptable to the medical profession. VIII. It would not be conducive to the effciency of the medical profession if no doctor could administer medicine without a halter round his neck.
IX. It is our bounden duty and obligation of the civil society to ensure that the medical professionals are not unnecessarily harassed or humiliated so that they can perform their professional duties without fear and apprehension.
X. The medical practitioners at times also have to be saved from such a class of complainants who use criminal process as a tool for pressurising the medical professionals/hospitals, particularly private hospitals or clinics for extractine uncalled for compensation. Such malicious proceedings deserve to be discarded against the medical practitoners.
XI. The medical professionals are entitled to get protection so long as they perform their duties with reasonable skill and competence and in the interest of the patients. The interest and welfare of the patients have to be paramount for the medical professionals.
ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; }kjk fu/kkZfjr fl)kUrksa ds vuqlkj ;g ns[kuk gS fd foi{kh us Skill & Care ls vYVªklkm.M fd;kA ifjoknhx.k }kjk foi{kh vafdr lksuksxzkQh lsUVj ds fo:) tks izFke vk{ksi yxk;k x;k gS og ;g gS fd foi{kh lsUVj ds ;gkW ifjokfnuh la[;k 1 vkjrh ikjhd dh fnukad 21-06-2012 o 23-09-2012 ij tks lksuksxzkQh dh xbZ og ;ksX;rk/kkjh] vuqHkoh ,oa dq'ky jsfM;ksyksftLV }kjk ugha dh xbZ] ftlds dkj.k 12 Jherh vkjrh ikjhd ds xHkZ esa iy jgs Hkzw.k dk nk;kWa gkFk v)Zfodflr gksus tSlh xzkl s ,uksesyh fpfUgr ugha gks ikbZA cpko esa foi{kh dk ;g dFku gS fd Jherh vkjrh ikjhd dh fnukad 21- 06-2012 ,oa 23-09-2012 dks tks lksuksxzkQh dh xbZ og jsfM;ksykWftLV MkDVj jktho xqIrk }kjk dh xbZ Fkh rFkk mijksDr dFku ds leFkZu esa muds }kjk mDr MkWDVj jktho xqIrk dk 'kiFk&i= Hkh izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA ijUrq mijksDr lUnHkZ esa ;g xkSjryc gS fd lksuksxzkQh fjiksVZ fnukafdr 21-06-2012 ¼ izn'kZ&lh@2½ ,oa lksuksxzkQh fjiksVZ fnukafdr 23-09-2012 ¼izn'kZ&lh@3½ ij jsfM;ksykWftLV dk dksbZ uke ugha fy[kk x;k gS ,oa tks gLrk{kj **R** fd;s x;s gS og MkWDVj jktho xqIrk ds 'kiFk&i= ij fd;s x;s gLrk{kj **Rajeev Gupta** ls drbZ esy ugha [kkrs gSaA ;gkWa ;g mYys[k fd;k tkuk vko';d gS fd foi{kh }kjk tokc ifjokn izLrqr fd;s tkus ds miajkr ifjoknh la[;k 1 Jherh vkjrh ikjhd }kjk izLrqr 'kiFk&i= ds i`"B la[;k 5 o 6 esa ;g Li"V dFku fd;k x;k gS fd lksuksxzkQh fjiksVZ fnukafdr 21-06-2012 ,oa 23-09-2012 esa dgha Hkh lksuksxzkQh djus okys MkWDVj dk uke vafdr ugha gS rFkk mDr nksuksa fjiksVZ esa jsfM;ksyksftLV vafdr LFkku ij ?klhVk ek= ekjk tkdj fjiksVZ tkjh dh xbZ gSA Jherh vkjrh ikjhd ds mijksDr 'kiFk&i= mijkar foi{kh }kjk MkDVj jktho xqIrk dk 'kiFk&i= izLrqr fd;k x;k gS] ijUrq vk'p;Ztud :i ls mDr 'kiFk&i= izLrqr fd;k x;k gS] ijUrq vk'p;Ztud :i ls mDr 'kiFk&i= esa MkWDVj jktho xqIrk }kjk ;g dgha Hkh dFku ugha fd;k x;k gS fd fo"k;kUrxZr nksuksa lksuksxzkQh fjiksVZ ij tks gLrk{kj gS og mlds gSaA blds vfrfjDr ;g Hkh mYys[kuh; gS fd foi{kh dh vksj ls ,d iz'ukoyh izLrqr dh xbZ Fkh ftlesa iz'u la[;k 15 fuEukuqlkj Fkk%& **15- D;k ifjokfnuh MkWDVj jktho xqIrk] jsfM;ksyksftLV dks 'kDy ls igpku ldrh gS**A ifjokfnuh }kjk foi{kh ds mijksDr iz'u dk fuEukafdr mRrj fn;k x;k Fkk %& ;fn eq>s dfFkr MkWDVj jktho xqIrk ls :c: djk;k tkosa ;k mudh QksVks fn[kkbZ tkos rks eSa crk ldrh gwWa fd og oks gh O;fDr gS ;k ugha ftUgksusa esjh fnukad 21-06-2012] ,oa 23-09-2012 ij lksuksxzkQh djh FkhA foi{kh }kjk izLrqr iz'ukoyh esa iz'u la[;k 19 fuEu izdkj ls iwNk x;k Fkk%& **19- D;k ifjokfnuh ds }kjk lksuksxzkQh ls iwoZ MkWa0 jktho xqIrk] jsfM;ksyksftLV dh ;ksX;rk dh tkudkjh gkfly dh Fkh \** ifjokfnuh }kjk foi{kh 13 ds mijksDr iz'u dk fuEukafdr mRrj fn;k x;k Fkk%& **ughaA foi{kh }kjk lksuksxzkQh ds le; eq>s dHkh Hkh fdlh O;fDr ls ;g dg dj ifjp; gh ugha djok;k x;k fd og O;fDr dfFkr MkWa0 jktho xqirk gS**A foi{kh }kjk izLrqr iz'ukoyh esa iz'u la[;k 22 fuEu izdkj ls iwNk x;k Fkk%& **22- D;k ifjokfnuh ds }kjk MkWa0 jktho xqIrk] jsfM;ksykWftLV dh dksbZ f'kdk;r jktLFkku esfMdy dkmafly esa dh xbZ gS**\ ifjokfnuh }kjk foi{kh ds mijksDr iz'u dk fuEukafdr mRrj fn;k x;k Fkk%& **ughaA foi{kh }kjk lksuksxzkQh ds le; eq>s dHkh Hkh fdlh O;fDr ls ;g dgdj ifjp; gh ugha djok;k x;k fd og O;fDr dfFkr MkWa0 jktho xqIrk gS rks eSa ,sls esa rRle; dSls mudh f'kdk;r dj ldrh Fkh**A foi{kh lsUVj }kjk iwNs x;s mijksDr iz'uksa ds izlx a esa ifjokfnuh la[;k 1 Jherh vkjrh ikjhd }kjk fn;s x;s mijksDr mRrj dk uk rks foi{kh }kjk dksbZ [k.Mu fd;k x;k uk gh MkWDVj jktho xqIrk dks Jherh vkjrh ikjhd ds le{k :c: djkdj mldh igpku LFkkfir djus dh dksbZ is'kd'k dh xbZA vr% mijksDr ls Hkh Li"V gS fd Jherh vkjrh ikjhd dh lksuksxzkQh fd;s tkrs le; foi{kh }kjk dHkh Hkh lksuksxzkQh djus okys jsfM;ksykWftLV dh uk rks igpku mtkxj dh xbZ Fkh uk gh mldh ;ksX;rk ds ckjs esa voxr djok;k x;k FkkA blds vfrfjDr] tSlk fd iwoZ esa mYys[k fd;k tk pqdk gS fo"k;kUrxZr nksuksa gh lksuksxzkQh fjiksVZ esa jsft;ksykWftLV dk dksbZ uke vafdr ugha fd;k x;k gS] cfYd ek= jsfM;ksykWftLV ds LFkku ij **R** vafdr fd;k x;k gS tks fd MkWDVj jktho xqIrk }kjk izLrqr 'kiFk&i= esa fd;s x;s gLrk{kjksa ls drbZ esy ugha [kkrs gSaA ,sls esa foi{kh }kjk izLrqr iz'ukoyh ds iz'u la[;k 15] 19 o 22 ds izlax esa Jherh vkjrh ikjhd }kjk 'kiFk ij izLrqr mRrj ds mijkUr xsna foi{kh ds ikys esa pyh xbZ Fkh rFkk foi{kh dks ;g pkfg, Fkk fd og MkWDVj jktho xqIrk dks Jherh vkjrh ikjhd ds le{k :c: djkdj mldh igpku djkrk ftlls fd Jherh vkjrh ikjhd ;g dg ikrh fd MkWDVj jktho xqIrk ogh O;fDr gS ;k ugha ftlds }kjk fo"k;kUrxZr nksuksa lksuksxzkQh dh xbZ FkhA ijUrq foi{kh Lo;a ds }kjk iwN x;s iz'uksa ds izlx a esa Jherh vkjrh ikjhd }kjk fn;s x;s mRrj dk uk rks fdlh izdkj ls dksbZ [k.Mu djus uk gh MkWDVj jktho xqIrk dks Jherh vkjrh ikjhd ds le{k :c: djkdj mldh igpku djkus ls Li"V gS fd foi{kh ;g lkfcr djus esa ukdke jgk gS fd MkWDVj jktho xqIrk gh ogh O;fDr gS ftlds }kjk fo"k;kUrxZr nksuksa lksuksxzkQh dh xbZ FkhA 14 ifjoknhx.k dk f}rh; vk{ksi ;g gS fd foi{kh }kjk ftl e'khu ds tfj;s fnukad 21-06-2012 ,oa 23-09-2012 ij Jherh vkjrh ikjhd dh lksuksxzkQh dh xbZ og e'khu Congenital malformation/fetal anamoly tSlh fLFkfr dks mtkxj djus esa l{ke ugha FkhA foi{kh }kjk cpko esa ;g mtz fy;k x;k gS fd muds }kjk ftl e'khu ls lksuksxzkQh dh xbZ Fkh og mi;qDr e'khu FkhA vk;ksx ds le{k tks lksuksxzkQh fQYe izn'kZ lh&2 o izn'kZ lh&3 izLrqr dh xbZ gS mudh ewy fQYe] tks fd ifjokfnuh ds ikl miyC/k gS] ns[kh xbZ] ftlls ;g lkQ Li"V gS fd fQYe Cysd ,.M OgkbZV gS rFkk 2Mh best gSA ifjoknhx.k }kjk izLrqr lkfgR; ekdZ&7 3D and 4D Ultrasound Scan Clinical Advantages esa ;g Li"V vafdr fd;k gqvk gS fd%& "Anatomical views not possible with 2D scanning Obstetrics Morphology, malformation, agenesis (3D, easier in 4D) Bone shape abnormalities: spina bifida, dwarfism, club feet on one image, cleft palate vs. cleft lip.
Skeletal, dysplasia, abnormalities in dynamic (4D):
investigation of spine Orthopedics/Musculoskeletal Musculoskeletal biopsy guidance (4D)"
blh rjg ifjoknhx.k }kjk izLrqr lkfgR; ekdZ&8 Three dimensional ultrasound in the evaluation of fetal anomalies esa ;g Li"V vafdr fd;k gqvk gS fd%& "The 3D US was most helpful in evaluating fetuses with facial anornalies, hand and foot abnornalities and axial spine and neural tube defects."
foi{kh }kjk mijksDr lkfgR; ds [k.Mu esa uk rks dksbZ mtz fd;k x;k gS] uk gh dksbZ lk{; izLrqr dh xbZ gSA mijksDr ls Hkh Li"V gS fd foi{kh }kjk nksuksa mijksDr lksuksxzkQh djus ds fy, tks e'khu dke esa yh xbZ Congenital malformation/fetal anamoly idM+us esa l{ke ugha FkhA vr% ifjoknhx.k dk f}rh; vk{ksi fd foi{kh }kjk ftl e'khu ds tfj;s fnukad 21-06-2012 ,oa 23-09-2012 ij Jherh vkjrh ikjhd dh lksuksxzkQh dh xbZ og e'khu Congenital 15 malformation/fetal anamoly tSlh fLFkfr dks mtkxj djus esa l{ke ugha Fkh Hkh lgh ik;k x;k gSA ifjoknhx.k }kjk izLrqr lkfgR; ekdZ&1 Diagnosis of Fetal Limb Abnormalities Before 15 Weeks esa ;g Li"V vafdr fd;k x;k gS fd%& Conclusions - Fetal limb abnormalities can be detected on sonography before 15 weeks' gestational age and are often associated with serious congenital conditions, especially trisomy 18. Transabdominal sonography alone can show most of these abnormalities, although transvaginal and 3- dimensional sonography can provide additional information. Targeted evaluation of fetal limbs during sonography before 15 weeks should be considered in high-risk populations.
blh rjg ifjoknhx.k }kjk izLrqr lkfgR; ekdZ&2 Journal of Prenatal Medicine esa Hkh ;g vafdr fd;k x;k gS fd%& Limb formation occurs at 4-8 weeks' gestation, while primary ossification centers develop in all the long bones of the limbs by the 12th week of gestation.
blh rjg ifjoknhx.k }kjk izLrqr lkfgR; ekdZ&3 Second Trimester Ultrasound Scan esa Hkh ;g vafdr fd;k x;k gS fd%& The second trimester extends from 13 weeks and 0 days to 27 weeks and 6 days of gestation although the majority of these studies are performed between 18 and 23 weeks.
Fetal musculoskeletal system Upper limb humera, including humeral length (HL) radius-ulna-both sides fingers and thumbs, including hand opening.
blh rjg ifjoknhx.k }kjk izLrqr lkfgR; ekdZ&4 UlTRASONIC DIABNOSIS OF FETAL BONE AND SMALL PARTS esa Hkh ;g vafdr fd;k x;k gS fd%& OBSERVATION OF FETAL LIMBS AND SMALL PARTS 16 Anomalies of the limbs occur in 0.2 to 0.3% of all fetal structural anomalies, and approximately 60% are discovered in prenatal diasnosis.
The presence of fetal limbs is discernable on ultrasonic examination from approximately 10th week of gestation, and skeletons, including hands and feet, are observable from week 14. Major limb defects and malformations of the hands and feet are thus diagnosable in the fetus from the 2nd trimester, when amniotic fluid is relatively copious..........
mijksDr leLr fpfdRlk lkfgR; ls ;g Li"V gS fd Hkzw.k esa fyEc QkesZ'ku 4&8 ohd ds tsLVs'kuy ,st esa gksrk gS rFkk 12 g¶rs dh vof/k rd fyEc dh lkjh ykWx cksu esa izkbZejh vksflfQds'ku lsUVj dk fodkl gks tkrk gSA ;gh ugha mijksDr lkfgR; ls ;g Li"V gS fd 15 g¶rs ds Hkzw.k esa fQVy fyEc ,cukseZysfVt 3Mh lksuksxzkQh ls idM+h tk ldrh gSA ge foi{kh ds bl rdZ ls rks lger gks ldrs gSa fd lksuksxzkQh ds }kjk fdlh Hkh Hkwz.k ds ,cukseZfyfVt dks 'kr&izfr'kr fpfUgr dj fn;k tkuk laHko ugha gSA ijUrq orZeku izdj.k esa tc foi{kh ;g lkfcr djus esa vlQy jgk gS fd tks fookfnr nks lksuksxzkQh dh xbZ og ;ksX;rk/kkjh] dq'ky ,oa vuqHkoh jsfM;ksykWftLV }kjk dh xbZ Fkh rFkk ftl e'khu ls lksuksxzkQh dh xbZ og ,slh fyEc ,cukseZfyfVt dks idM+us esa l{ke Fkh rks ,sls esa iz'u ;g ugha gS fd D;k ,slh fyEc ,cukseZfyfVt lksuksxzkQh ds ek/;e ls 'kr izfr'kr idM+h tk ldrh gS ;k ugha] cfYd iz'u ;g gS fd D;k orZeku izdj.k esa foi{kh }kjk ftl Lrj dh lsok,aWa ifjoknhx.k dks miyC/k djokbZ xbZ og ml Lrj dh Fkh fd ftlesa ifjoknh la[;k 1 ds xHkZ esa iy jgs Hkzw.k ds fyEc ,cukseZfyfVt dks idM+us gsrq ,d lkFkZd iz;kl gks lds \ tc mDr lsok,a & pkgs og jsfM;ksykWftLV ds izlax esa gks ;k e'khu ds izlax esa & bl Lrj dh ugha Fkh fd ,slh fyEc ,cukseZfyfVt dks idM+us dk dksbZ lkjoku iz;kl fd;k tk lds rks ;g 'kq: ls gh r; Fkk fd ifjoknh ds xHkZ esa iy jgs Hkzw.k dh fyEc ,cukseZfyfVt dks fpfUgr fd;s tkus dh dksbZ laHkkouk gh ugha FkhA mijksDr rF;ksa ,oa ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds en~nsutj ge ifjoknhx.k ds bl rdZ esa Hkh cy ikrs gSa fd foi{kh lsUVj }kjk fo"k;kUrxZr nksuksa lksuksxzkQh ds nkSjku fQVy ekWyQksZes'ku dks fpfUgr djus dk dksbZ okftc iz;kl Hkj Hkh ugha fd;k 17 x;k Fkk D;ksa fd lksuksxzkQh fjiksVZ izn'kZ&lh@2 o lh@3 esa dgha Hkh dathukbZVy ekWyQksZes'ku ;k fQVy ,cukseZfyfVt tSlk dksbZ dkWye gh ugha FkkA ifjoknhx.k }kjk mijksDr rdZ ds leFkZu esa ,d vU; lsUVj dh lksuksxzkQh fjiksVZ dk izk:i crkSj izn'kZ lh&7 izLrqr fd;k x;k gSa ftlesa dathukbZVy ekWyQksZes'ku dk vyx ls dkWye fd;k x;k gSa] ijUrq foi{kh dh lksuksxzkQh fjiksVZ esa ,slk dksbZ dkWye gh ugha gSA vr% Li"V gS fd tc foi{kh lsUVj }kjk ifjoknh la[;k 1 Jherh vkjrh ikjhd dh fo"k;kUrxZr nksuksa lksuksxzkQh dh xbZ rc muds }kjk bl rF; dh laHkkouk ryk'kus ds fy, lksuksxzkQh gh ugha dh xbZ ftlls irk pys fd Jherh vkjrh ikjhd ds xHkZ esa iy jgs Hkzw.k ds dathukbZVy ekWyQksZes'ku gS ;k ugha s ge foi{kh ds bl rdZ esa dksbZ cy ugha ikrs gS fd tks lksuksxzkQh dh xbZ Fkh og lkekU; lksuksxzkQh dh xbZ Fkh rFkk dathukbZVy ekWyQksZes'ku ;k fyEc ,cukseZfyfVt dh ekap djus ds fy, ugha dh xbZ FkhA tc fpfdRlk foKku bruk fodflr gks pqdk gS fd fdlh efgyk esa iy jgs 15 g¶rs ;k mlls T;knk vof/k ds Hkzw.k esa dksbZ dathukbZVy ekWyQksZes'ku ;k fQVy ,cukseZfyfVt gS ;k ugha dh tkap dh tk ldrh gS rks ,sls eas ;g dFku djuk fd lkekU; lksuksxzkQh dh xbZ Fkh dgha xys ls uhps ugha mrjrk gSA II (2015) CPJ 621 (NC) R.P. Gupta (DR) V/s Anurag & Ors. esa ekuuh; jk"Vªh; vk;ksx us fuEu fu/kkZfjr fd;k gS%& Consumer Protection Act, 1986- Section 2(1)(g), 14(1)(d), 21(b) - Medical Negligence
- Twin Pregnancy - USG report revealed single fetus - Wrong Diagnosis - Death of one child - Deficiency in service - District Forum allowed complaint - State Commission dismissed appeal - Hence revision - OP failed to diagnose twin pregnancy during 1st trimester - Monoamniotic twins are quite rare, but require special care, followup and monitoring - Wrong diagnosis or wrong USG report leads the doctor in mismanagement of patient - That error was as a result of negligence and due to lack care - Standard of care was expected from OP - Negligence proved.
18IV (2015) CPJ 592 (NC) Alka Srivastava & Anr.
V/s Base Hospital & Anr. esa ekuuh; jk"Vªh; vk;ksx us fuEu fu/kkZfjr fd;k gS%& Consumer Protection Act, 1986- Section 2(1)(g), 14(1)(d), 21(b) - Medical Negligence - Wrong diagnosis - Delivery of female child with lack of spontaneous movements of lower limbs, lack of anal reflex and open neural tube defect - Mental agony and pain - Deficiency in service - District Forum Allowed complaint - State Commission allowed appeal - Hence revision - Doctors should have been more careful during assessment to 2nd pregnancy as first pregnancy resulted in miscarriage - When Spina Bifida is diagnoses prior to birth, parents can decide whether or not to continue pregnancy - A delay, or failure, to diagnose Spina Bifida can cause an unnecessary period of pain and suffering for pregnant mother and can even result in unwanted birth - OP 2 hospital is known to be one of the best specialized medical centers in India and possesses high standard and qualitative diagnostic approach - Deficiency proved - Compensation @ Rs. 5,00,000/- awarded.
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