Supreme Court of India
Fazal Ghosi, Wahid, Ayaz Ahmadand Riaz ... vs State Of U.P. & Ors on 29 June, 1987
Equivalent citations: 1987 AIR 1877, 1987 SCR (3) 471, AIR 1987 SUPREME COURT 1877, 1987 (3) SCC 502, 1987 (4) JT 22, 1987 (3) IJR (SC) 374, 1987 SCC(CRI) 596, (1987) 2 RECCRIR 321, (1987) 2 SUPREME 177, (1987) 2 CRIMES 892, (1987) 3 SCJ 405
Author: R.S. Pathak
Bench: R.S. Pathak, V. Khalid
PETITIONER:
FAZAL GHOSI, WAHID, AYAZ AHMADAND RIAZ AHMAD
Vs.
RESPONDENT:
STATE OF U.P. & ORS.
DATE OF JUDGMENT29/06/1987
BENCH:
PATHAK, R.S. (CJ)
BENCH:
PATHAK, R.S. (CJ)
KHALID, V. (J)
CITATION:
1987 AIR 1877 1987 SCR (3) 471
1987 SCC (3) 502 JT 1987 (3) 22
1987 SCALE (2)1
CITATOR INFO :
AFR 1990 SC 231 (8)
ACT:
National Security Act, 1980--Sub-s.(3) of s. 3--Deten-
tion Order--Subjective satisfaction of District Magistrate
must be based upon some pertinent material.
HEADNOTE:
Consequent upon the opening of the Ram Janam Bhumi
Temple at Ayodhya, there was considerable agitation among
the Muslim Community. The Petitioners and appellants were
arrested for inciting the members of the community to in-
dulge in violence and charged for offences under sections
147/148/149/307/332 of the Indian Penal Code. While their
bail applications were pending; the District Magistrate,
purporting to act under sub.s. (3) of s. 3 of the National
Security Act 1980, served detention orders on them.
Writ Petitions challenging the detention orders filed by
the appellants were rejected by the High Court.
The Petitioners and appellants contended that the deten-
tion orders were bad for the reason that there was no mate-
rial before the District Magistrate on the basis of which he
could form the opinion that they would act in future in a
manner prejudicial to maintenance of public order.
Allowing the petitions and appeals, this Court,
HELD: The power to detain under the Act can be exercised
only with a view to preventing a person from acting in a
manner which may prejudice any of the considerations set
forth in Section 3 thereof. Preventive detention is not
intended as a punitive measure, as a curtailment of liberty
by way of punishment for an offence already committed. No
doubt the satisfaction of the District Magistrate making the
detention order is subjective in nature, but, even subjec-
tive satisfaction, must be based upon some pertinent materi-
al. [473F-G; 474A-B]
In this case there is no material to show that the detenus
would act
472
in the future to the prejudice of the maintenance of public
order. Even if it is accepted that the detenus did address
the assembly of persons and incited them to lawlessness,
there is no material to warrant the inference that they
would repeat the misconduct or do anything else which would
be prejudicial to the maintenance of public order. [473G-H]
JUDGMENT:
CRIMINAL ORIGINAL/APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Writ Peti- tion Nos. 30(1 and 30 1 of 1986.
( Under Article 32 of the Constitution of India). WITH Criminal Appeal Nos. 374-A and 411 of 1986.
From the Judgment and Order dated 31-3-1986 of the Allahabad High Court in W.P. Nos. 1448 and 1405 of 1986. A.K. Gupta for the Petitioners in W.P. Nos. 300 and 301 of 1986.
S.A. Syed and Shakil Ahmed for the Appellants in Crl. A. Nos. 374A and 411 of 1986.
A.D. Singh, Ms. Rachna Joshi and Dalveer Bhandari for the Respondents.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by PATHAK, C.J.I. The petitioners Fazal Ghosi and Wahid in the two writ petitions before us and the appellants Ayaz Ahmad and Riaz Ahmad in the two Criminal Appeals are ag- grieved by the orders of detention made respectively in respect of them under sub-s.(2) of s. 3 of the National Security Act, 1980. The petitioners Fazal Ghosi and Wahid filed writ petitions in the High Court of Allahabad against the detention orders concerning them and those writ peti- tions were dismissed. They have now filed the present peti- tions under Article 32 of the Constitution. The appellants Ayaz Ahmad and Riaz Ahmad filed writ petitions in the High Court of Allahabad against the detention orders concerning them, and those writ petitions having been dismissed they have appealed here by special leave. All the four cases have been heard together. It is agreed between the parties that although separate orders of detention were made under sub-s. (2) of s. 3 of the National Security Act against the various petitioners and appellants the grounds raised in this court against their detention orders are identical. It appears that consequent upon the opening of the Ram Janam Bhumi temple at Ayodhya, Faizabad, there was consider- able agitation 473 among the Muslim community. According to the State Govern- ment, several members of the community were returning from the mosque after their afternoon prayers, and at Bholanath Ka Kuan, Abdul Aziz Road, Lucknow they were addressed by Fazal Ghosi and his son Wahid in language inciting them to beat the police and the Police Armed Constabulary. At anoth- er place, Sarkata Nala, a large number of the Muslim commu- nity are said to have been similarly addressed by the appel- lants, Ayaz Ahmd and Riaz Ahmad. It is alleged that in consequence the crowd commenced pelting stones and dis- charged fire arms on the Government officials and the police personnel assembled there as a result of which they received injuries. The petitioners and the appellants were arrested along with other persons, and a First Information Report was lodged in respect of each of them for offences under sec- tions 147/148/149/307 and 332 of the Indian Penal Code. The petitioners and the appellants applied for grant of bail, and while the bail applications were pending the District Magistrate, Lucknow, purporting to act under sub-s. (3) of s. 3 of the National Security Act, served a detention order on February 20, 1986 on each of the four detenus. This was followed on February 21, 1986 by service of the grounds of detention.
Learned counsel for the detenus challenges the detention orders on several grounds. In our opinion, it is not neces- sary to consider all the points raised because it appears to us that the cases can be disposed of on a short ground. The contention on behalf of the detenus is that there was no material before the District Magistrate on the basis of which he could form the opinion that the detenus would act in future in a manner prejudicial to the maintenance of public order. It is pointed out that the National Security Act provides for preventive detention. and preventive deten- tion is intended where it is apprehended that the person may act prejudicially to one or more of the considerations specified in the statute. There is no doubt that preventive detention is not intended as a punitive measure, as a cur- tailment of liberty by way of punishment for an offence already committed. Section 3 of the Act clearly indicates that the power to detain thereunder can be exercised only with a view to preventing a person from acting in a manner which may prejudice any of the considerations set forth in the section. In the present case, we are unable to discover any material to show that the detenus would act in the future to the prejudice of the maintenance of public order. Even if it is accepted that they did address the assembly of persons and incited them to lawlessness there is no material to warrant the inference that they would repeat the miscon- duct or do anything else which would be prejudicial to the maintenance of public order. The District Magistrate, it is true, has stated that the detention 474 of the detenus was effected because he was satisfied that it was necessary to prevent them from acting prejudicially to the maintenance of public order, but there is no reference to any material in support of that satisfaction. We are aware that the satisfaction of the District Magistrate is subjective in nature, but even subjective satisfaction must be based upon some pertinent material. We are concerned here not with the sufficiency of that material but with the existence of any relevant material at all.
In the circumstances. the detention orders in respect of the four detenus must be quashed.
The writ petitions and the appeals are allowed, the order of detention in respect of each detenu is quashed, and the detenus are entitled to be set at liberty unless their detention is required in connection with other cases.
N.P.V. Petitions and appeals allowed.