Allahabad High Court
Braham Singh And Others vs State Of U.P. on 31 January, 2020
Bench: Bachchoo Lal, Narendra Kumar Johari
HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT ALLAHABAD ¼lqjf{kr frfFk 30&10&2019½ ¼m}?kksf"kr frfFk 31&1&2020½ nkf.Md vihy la[;k 1283 o"kZ 1996 czge flag ,oa vU; ----------------------------- vihykFkhZx.k izfr jkT; mRrj izns'k ----------------------- foi{kh ekuuh; cPpw yky] U;k;ewfrZ ekuuh; ujsUnz dqekj tkSgjh] U;k;ewfrZ (ekuuh; cPpw yky] U;k;ewfrZ }kjk iznRr fu.kZ;) ;g nkf.Md vihy] vihykFkhZx.k czge flag] t;iky flag] vkseohj ,oa lrohj mQZ thr dh vksj ls l= ijh{k.k la[;k 155 o"kZ 1994 esa fo}ku ,dkn'k vij ftyk ,oa l= U;k;k/kh'k] esjB }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; ,oa vkns'k fnukad 6&8&1996 ds fo:} ;ksftr dh x;h gS ftlds }kjk vihykFkhZx.k dks /kkjk 449] 302@34] 506 Hkk0na0la0 ds vUrxZr nks"kh ikrs gq, /kkjk 302@34 Hkk0 na0 la0 ds vUrxZr vkthou dkjkokl ds n.M ls nf.Mr fd;k x;k gS rFkk /kkjk 449 o 506 Hkk0 na0 la0 ds vUrxZr vyx ls dksbZ n.Mkns'k ikfjr ugha fd;k x;kA nkSjku vihy] vihykFkhZx.k czge flag ,oa lrohj mQZ thr dh e`R;q gks tkus ds dkj.k vkns'k fnukad 28&3&2019 ds }kjk ;g vihy muds fy, mi'kfer dh tk pqdh gSaA vihy ds fuLrkj.k gsrq vko';d rF; la{ksi esa bl izdkj gS fd oknh eqdnek /kkjk flag ¼vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1½ us fnukad 27&10&1992 dks le; 9&30 cts lqcg Fkkuk NijkSyh] ftyk esjB esa ,d fyf[kr rgjhj bl vk'k; ds lkFk izLrqr fd;k fd mlds pkpk Hk¡oj flag iq= jke flag mlds gh ikl jgrs Fks mUgksusa viuh tehu dh olh;r mlds uke dj nh Fkh blfy, mlds [kkunkuh czge flag o t;iky iq= jke flag o vkseohj o thr iq=x.k t;iky mlls rFkk mlds pkpk Hk¡oj flag ls jaft'k ekurs FksA fnukad 26@27&10&1992 dh jkf= dks mlds pkpk Hk¡oj flag mlds edku esa njokts ds ikl okys dejs esa lks;s gq, Fks djhc 3&4 cts jkr mijksDr O;fDr mlds ?kj vk;s vkSj mlds pkpk Hk¡oj flag dks xksyh ekj nhA xksyh dh vkokt lqudj og rFkk mldk yMdk vjfoUn nkSMdj vk;s rks eqyfteku gesa ns[kdj Hkkx x;s mlus vius pkpk Hk¡oj flag dks tkdj ns[kk rks ?kk;y voLFkk esa ejs gq, iMs FksA 'kksjxqy o vkokt ij mlds iMkslh lqcs flag iq= ihre flag o lq[kiky flag iq= 'kadj us mijksDr O;fDr;ksa dks Hkkxrs gq, ns[kk gSA jkr dks og Mj dh otg ls fjiksVZ dks ugha vk ldk vc fjiksVZ dks vk;k gw¡ mldh fjiksVZ fy[kdj dkuwuh dk;Zokgh dh tkosA oknh /kkjk flag dh mDr fyf[kr rgjhj izn'kZ d&1 ds vk/kkj ij Fkkuk ij vihykFkhZx.k ds fo:} /kkjk 302 Hkk0 na0 la0 ds vUrxZr eqdnek iathd`r fd;k x;kA fpd izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ izn'kZ d&12 gS rFkk eqdnek dk;eh ls lEcfU/kr th0 Mh0 dh izfr izn'kZ d&13 gSA ekeys dh foospuk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 7 pUnziky flag] Fkkuk/;{k }kjk izkjEHk dh x;h mUgksusa Fkkus ij oknh dk c;ku vafdr fd;k rFkk vius gejkgh iqfyl cy ds lkFk ekSds ij tkdj vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 6 gsejkt flag] mifujh{kd ls e`rd dk iapk;rukek rS;kj djk;k rFkk mlls lEcfU/kr izi= rS;kj dj 'ko dks loZeksgj gkyr esa lq'khy dqekj ¼vkj{kh½ o ekaxsjke ¼vkj{kh½ }kjk iksLVekVZe gsrq fHktok;kA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 6 gsejkt flag ¼mifujh{kd½ us ekSds ls [kwu vkywnk o lknh feV~Vh dCtk iqfyl esa ysdj loZ eksgj dj mldh QnZ izn'kZ d&9 rS;kj dhA e`rd dh pkjikbZ ls ,d njh o pknj [kwu vkywnk dCts esa ysdj mldh QnZ izn'kZ d&10 rS;kj dh rFkk e`rd dh pkjikbZ ds [kwu vkywnk oku vius dCts esa ysdj mldh QnZ izn'kZ d&11 rS;kj dhA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 7 pUnziky flag ¼foospukf/kdkjh½ us ekSds ij xokgku ds c;ku fy, rFkk ?kVukLFky dk fujh{k.k dj ekufp= izn'kZ d&14 rS;kj fd;k rFkk foospuk lEca/kh leLr dk;Zokgh iw.kZ dj vihykFkhZx.k ds fo:} vkjksi i= izn'kZ d&15 U;k;ky; izsf"kr fd;kA vihykFkhZx.k ds eqdnesa dks fopkj.k gsrq l= U;k;ky; ds lqiqnZ fd;k x;kA fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us vihykFkhZx.k ds fo:} /kkjk 449] 302@34 o 506 Hkk0 na0 la0 ds vUrxZr rFkk vihykFkhZ lrohj mQZ thr ds fo:} /kkjk 449] 302 o 506 Hkk0 na0 la0 ds vUrxZr vkjksi fojfpr fd;sA vihykFkhZx.k us vkjksi ls badkj dj ijh{k.k dh ekax dhA vfHk;kstu dh vksj ls vius dFku ds leFkZu esa vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 /kkjk flag ¼oknh½] vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 lwcs flag] vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 3 MkDVj lqjsUnz flag] vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 4 ekaxsjke ¼vkj{kh½] vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 5 vjfoUnz dqekj] vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 6 gsejkt flag ¼mifujh{kd½ rFkk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 7 pUnziky flag ¼foospukf/kdkjh½ dks ijhf{kr djk;k x;k gSA vihykFkhZx.k ds c;ku /kkjk 313 na0 iaz0 la0 ds vUrxZr vafdr fd;s x;s ftlesa mUgksaus vfHk;kstu dFkkud dks xyr crkrs gq, tehu dh ykyp esa >waBk Qlk;k tkuk crk;k gSA vihykFkhZ czge flag us vius c;ku vUrxZr /kkjk 313 na0 iz0 la0 esa ;g dgk gS fd oknh /kkjk flag us viuh lkjh tehu csp nh gS mldh fu;r gekjh tehu ysuh dh gSA Hk¡oj flag ds ejus ds ckn irk pyk fd oknh /kkjk flag us vius gd esa mlds fgLls dh QthZ olh;r djk j[kh gS tc fd mldk uke dkxt esa dgha ugh gSA gekjk edku ?kVukLFky ls djhc ,d Ms< QykZax nwj gSA Hk¡oj flag vkf[kjh fnu gekjs ikl vkuk pkg jgk Fkk ;g ckr /kkjk dks Bhd ugha yx jgh Fkh mls Mj Fkk dgha og olh;r u rqMok ysA vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls vius cpko esa fdlh lQkbZ lk{kh dks ijhf{kr ugha djk;k x;k gSA vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls vfHkys[kh; lk{; ds :i esa lwph 32&x ls jke flag }kjk fd;s x;s nks olh;rukesa dh izekf.kr lR; izfrfyfi o e`rd Hk¡oj flag }kjk /kkjk flag ¼oknh½ ds gd esa fd;s x;s olh;rukek dh izekf.kr lR; izfrfyfi rFkk udy [krkSuh dh Nk;k izfr nkf[ky dh x;h gSA fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us mHk; i{k dks lqudj rFkk i=koyh ij miyC/k leLr lk{; ij lE;d fopkj djus ds mijkUr vihykFkhZx.k dks /kkjk 449] 302@34] 506 Hkk0 na0 la0 ds vUrxZr nks"kh ikrs gq, mijksDrkuqlkj nf.Mr fd;k ftlls {kqC/k gksdj vihykFkhZx.k@vfHk;qDrx.k us ;g nkf.Md vihy bl U;k;ky; ds le{k ;ksftr dh gSA vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj muds fo}ku vf/koDrk Jh lR;/khj flag tknkSu ,oa Jh eksgEen vdcj 'kkg vkye [k¡ku ,oa jkT; dh vksj ls Jh vthr js- fo}ku 'kkldh; vf/koDRkk dks foLrkjiwoZdlquk rFkk i=koyh ij miyC/k leLr vfHkys[k ,oa iz'uxr fu.kZ; o vkns'k dk lE;d ifj'khyu fd;kA vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls eq[; :i ls ;g rdZ izLrqr fd;k x;k fd vihykFkhZx.k funksZ"k gS mUgsa bl izdj.k esa >waBk Qlk;k x;k gSA vihykFkhZx.k czge flag o t;iky vkil esa lxs HkkbZ gSa rFkk vihykFkhZx.k vkseohj ,oa lrohj mQZ thr] vihykFkhZ t;iky ds iq= gSaA pkjksa vihykFkhZx.k dk bl rjg jkf= esa ,d lkFk feydj tkuk vkSj e`rd dh gR;k dkfjr djuk LokHkkfod ,oa fo'oluh; ugha gSA ek= tehu ds fookn ds dkj.k vihykFkhZx.k dks bl izdj.k esa >waBk Qlk;k x;k gSA vfHk;kstu ds vuqlkj ;g ?kVuk fnukad 26@27&10&1992 dh jkf= djhc 3&4 cts dh crk;h x;h gSA 'ko foPNsnu ds le; e`rd ds 'kjhj ij ek= vkXus;kL= dk ,d izos'k ?kko ik;k x;k gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 /kkjk flag rFkk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 5 vjfoUn dqekj vkil esa firk iq= gSa muds c;kuksa esa ;g vk;k gS fd Qk;j dh vkokt lqudj tc os mBdj dejs ls ckgj vk;s rks mUgksusa vihykFkhZx.k dks e`rd ds dejs ls ckgj fudyrs gq, ns[kkA vihykFkhZ lrohj mQZ thr ds gkFk esa dV~Vk gksuk crk;k gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 lwcs flag us ;g mYys[k fd;k gS fd og xksyh dk /kekdk lqudj oknh /kkjk flag ds edku dh rjQ vk;k rks mlus vihykFkhZx.k dks /kkjk flag ds edku ds lnj njokts ls ckgj fudyrs gq, ns[kkA bl lk{kh us Hkh vihykFkhZ lrohj mQZ thr ds gkFk esa reapk gksus dk mYys[k fd;k gSA bl izdkj mijksDr lkf{k;ksa us vU; vihykFkhZx.k ds gkFkksa esa fdlh Hkh izdkj dk dksbZ gfFk;kj gksus dk mYys[k ugha fd;k gSA ;g LokHkkfod ,oa fo'oluh; ugha yxrk gS fd pkjksa vihykFkhZx.k ¼tks vkil esa firk] HkkbZ ,oa iq= gSa½ ,d lkFk tkdj ek= ,d reapk ysdj jkf= ds le; esa e`rd ds ?kj tk;sa vkSj ogk¡ ij dsoy xksyh dh ,d pksV igqapkdj okil vk;sa ;fn bl ?kVuk esa lHkh vihykFkhZx.k dk lkekU; vk'k; jgk gksrk rks lHkh vihykFkhZx.k vius vius gkFkksa esa gfFk;kj ysdj tk ldrs Fks rFkk e`rd dks vf/kd la[;k esa pksVsa igqapk ldrs Fks ysfdu ek= pkj yksx ,d reapk ysdj tk;sa vkSj e`rd dh gR;k dj ykSV vk;sa ;g LokHkkfod ,oa fo'oluh; ugh yxrk gSA fQj jkf= ds le; esa vfHk;qDrx.k viuh igpku Nqikus ds vk'k; ls vius psgjs dks waBk Qlk;k x;k gSA bl ?kVuk dh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ Hkh foyEc ls gS rFkk foyEc dk dksbZ i;kZIr Li"Vhdj.k vfHk;kstu dh vksj ls ugha fn;k x;k gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 /kkjk flag us vius c;ku esa ;g mYys[k fd;k gS fd e`rd dh tehu ij mldk dCtk gS tc fd vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 5 vjfoUn dqekj us mDr Hkwfe ij vihykFkhZx.k dk dCtk gksus dk mYys[k fd;k gSA mijksDr nksuksa lkf{k;ksa ds c;kuksa esa ewyHkwr fojks/kkHkkl gSA izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ esa jks'kuh dk dksbZ mYys[k ugha gS ijUrq ckn esa fopkj foe'kZ ds ckn xokgksa us VkpZ dh jks'kuh esa ?kVuk ns[kus dk mYys[k fd;k gS tks fo'oluh; ugha gSA fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us i=koyh ij miyC/k leLr lk{; ij lE;d fopkj ugha fd;k rFkk xyr fo}ku vij 'kkldh; vf/koDrk }kjk ;g rdZ izLrqr fd;k x;k fd vihykFkhZx.k izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ esa uketn vfHk;qDr gSA tehu ds fookn ds dkj.k e`rd dh gR;k dkfjr dh x;h gSA xokgksa us vihykFkhZx.k dks e`rd ds dejs ls fudyrs gq, ns[kk gSA fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us i=koyh ij miyC/k leLr lk{; ,oa ifjfLFkfr;ksa ij lE;d fopkj djus ds mijkUr vihykFkhZx.k dks iz'uxr vijk/k esa nks"kfl} ,oa nf.Mr fd;k gS ftlesa dksbZ fof/kd =qfV vFkok vfu;ferrk ugha gSA mYys[kuh; gS fd ;g ?kVuk fnukad 26@27&10&1992 le; djhc 3&4 cts jkf= dh crk;h x;h gS rFkk bl ?kVuk dh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ fnukad 27&10&1992 dks le; 9&30 cts fnu Fkkus ij ntZ djk;h x;h gSA ?kVukLFky ls Fkkus dh nwjh 7&00 fdeh0 n'kkZ;h x;h gSA vfHk;kstu dh vksj ls rF; ds lkf{k;ksa ds :i esa vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 /kkjk flag] vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 lwcs flag rFkk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 5 vjfoUn dqekj dks ijhf{kr djk;k x;k gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 /kkjk flag rFkk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 5 vjfoUn dqekj firk iq= gSa rFkk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 lwcs flag dks oknh /kkjk flag dk iMkslh crk;k x;k gSA e`rd ds 'ko dk 'ko foPNsnu fnukad 27&10&1992 dks vijkUg 4&10 ih0 ,e0 ij vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 3 MkDVj lqjsUnz flag }kjk fd;k x;kA e`rd ds 'kjhj ij e`R;q iwoZ dh fuEufyf[kr pksVsa ik;h xbZ% 1& vkXus;kL= dk izos'k ?kko 3-5 lseh x 2 lseh x xnZu dh dSfoVh dh xgjkbZ rd xnZu ds nka;h rjQ ckgj dh rjQ nka;s dku ds 3-5 lseh- uhpsA ftldh fn'kk cka;h rjQ dks FkhA pksV ds fudV 8 lseh x 5 lseh- ds {ks= esa VSVksbax dk fu'kku FkkA /kkrq dh ,d cqyV xnZu ds fiNys fgLls dh rjQ ls] cka;h vksj rFkk cak;s dku ls 5 lseh- uhps txg ls izkIr dh x;h rFkk Vhu ds ckDl esa lhy dj lkFk vk;s flokgh dks lkSai nh FkhA vkUrfjd ijh{k.k xnZu dh igyh rFkk nwljh gM~Mh dk QzsDpj Fkk 'okal dh uyh Hkh QVh gqbZ FkhA xnZu ds mijksDr of.kZr LFkku ds vuqlkj ,d /kkrq dh cqyV izkIr dh x;h tks mijksDrkuqlkj flikgh dks ns nh x;h FkhA nak;h rjQ xnZu dh jDr okguh QVh gqbZ FkhA ekal isf'k;k Hkh dVh QVh gqbZ FkhA isV ds vUnj vkek'k; ds vUnj yxHkx 50 xzke [kkuk ipk gqvk FkkA MkDVj ds vuqlkj] fnukad 27&10&1992 dks jkf= ds djhc 3&4 cts e`rd dh e`R;q vkXus;kL+= ls gksuk lEHko gSA MkDVj us iksLVekVZe fjiksVZ izn'kZ d&3 dks vius ys[k ,oa gLrk{kj esa rS;kj dhA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 3 MkDVj lqjsUnz flag dh lk{; ls ;g Li"V gS fd mUgksaus iksLVekVZe ds le; e`rd ds xnZu esa vkXus;kL= dk ,d izos'k ?kko ik;k Fkk rFkk ?kko ds vUnj ls ,d cqyV cjken dh FkhA fpfdRlh; lk{; ls ;g Li"V gS fd e`rd dh e`R;q vkXus;kL= }kjk igqapk;h x;h pksV ds ifj.kkeLo:i gqbZ FkhA vc fopkj.kh; iz'u ;g gS fd D;k ;g ?kVuk vihykFkhZx.k }kjk dkfjr dh x;h gS vFkok ughaA vfHk;kstu dh vksj ls ?kVuk ds lanHkZ esa vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 /kkjk flag] vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 lwcs flag rFkk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 5 vjfoUn dqekj dks ijhf{kr djk;k x;k gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 /kkjk flag rFkk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 5 vjfoUn dqekj vkil esa firk iq= gS rFkk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 lwcs flag dh lk{; eas ;g vk;k gS fd mldk edku /kkjk flag ds edku ls if'pe dh rjQ gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 /kkjk flag us vius c;ku esa ;g dgk gS fd mlds firk t; flag ds firk dk uke 'kadj FkkA 'kadj ds HkkbZ dk uke jke flag FkkA jke flag ds yMds czge flag o t;iky eqyfte gSaA Hkaoj flag e`rd Hkh budk HkkbZ Fkk vkSj mldk pkpk yxrk FkkA t;iky ds yMdksa dk uke vkseohj o thr eqyfteku gSA pkjksa eqyfteku czge flag] t; iky] vkseohj vkSj thr flag vkt gkftj vnkyr gSA czge flag vkSj t;iky ,d eka ls mRiUu lxs HkkbZ gS vkSj Hkaoj flag nwljh eka ls bu rhuksa ds cki ,d gh Fks mudk uke jke flag FkkA Hkaoj flag dh eka mldh lxh nknh 'kadj flag dh iRuh Jherh Hkjrks Fkh tks 'kadj dh e`R;q ds i'pkr jke flag ds cSB x;h Fkh vkSj rc Hkaoj flag] jke flag ds Jherh Hkjrks ls gqvk FkkA Hkaoj flag ges'kk ls mlds vkSj mlds ifjokj ds lkFk jgrk FkkA Hkaoj flag dh 'kknh ugha gqbZ FkhA bl dkj.k mlds dksbZ cPpk ugha FkkA jke flag ds ikl 22&23 ch?ks tehu FkhA jke flag us viuh tehu dh olh;r bl okds ls djhc 10&12 lky igys t;iky vkSj mlds cPpksa ds uke dj nh FkhA bl okds ls djhc 8 o"kZ iwoZ jke flag dh e`R;q gks x;h FkhA olh;r ds vk/kkj ij t;iky oxSjg us jke flag dh tehu ds lEca/k es ankf[ky [kkfjt dh nj[kkLr nh Fkh ml ij Hkaoj flag us ,rjkt fd;k FkkA Hkaoj flag bl eqdnesa esa igys thr x;k fQj t;iky us vihy dh Fkh tks [kkfjt gks x;h fQj t;iky us dfe'uj ds ;gka vihy dh Fkh tks [kkfjt dj nh x;h FkhA Hkaoj flag] t;iky vkSj czge flag ds rhuksa ds cjkcj cjkcj fgLls jke flag dh tehu esa vnkyr usa r; dj fn, Fks vkSj olh;r dks vLohdkj dj fn;k Fkk vkSj rHkh ls ;s rhuksa vius vius 1@3 fgLls ij dkfct pys vk jgs gSaA Hkaoj flag us vius fgLls dh tehu dh olh;r bl okds ls djhc 2&3 lky igys dj nh FkhA t;iky vkfn bl eqdnesackth ls o gekjs gd esa olh;r ls Hkaoj flag o mlls jaft'k j[krs FksA bl okds ls djhc 3&4 ekg igys Hkaoj flag us eqyfteku ls Lo;a dks [krjk eglwl djrs gq, nj[kkLr nh Fkh vkSj /kkjk 145 lh0 vkj0 ih0 lh0 dh dk;Zokgh dhA Hkaoj flag o t;iky vkfn ds njfe;ku pyh Fkh tks Hkaoj flag ds dRy ds le; py jgh FkhA Hkaoj flag ds dRy ls yxHkx ,d ekg igys Hkaoj flag us eqyfteku ls Lo;a dks [krjk gksus dh nj[kkLr Fkkuk NijkSyh esa nh FkhA 8&9 lky igys Hkh Hkaoj flag dh gR;k djokus ds fy, Hkh eqyfteku us cnek'k yxok;s FksA vkt ls djhc nks lky igys ds djhc dh ckr gS tc dRy gqvk lqcg ;kuh jkr esa 3&4 cts dk le; FkkA Hkaoj flag gekjs edku ds lnj njokts ds ikl cus dejs esa lks jgk Fkk ge Hkh mlh edku ds nwljs dejs esa lks jgs Fks rHkh xksyh dh vkokt lqudj Hkaoj flag ds dejs dh rjQ ge nkSMs rks ns[kk fd pkjksa eqyfteku gkftj vnkyr Hkaoj flag ds dejs ds njokts ls ckgj fudy jgs FksA thr eqyfte gkftj vnkyr ds gkFk esa dV~Vk Fkk tSls gh ge mudh rjQ yids fQj dgk nkSMuk pkg jgs Fks rks ges dV~Vk fn[kkdj dgk fd ogha :d tkvksa ojuk xksyh ekj nsxsa fQj dgk ekj nwaxk ml le; mlds lkFk mldk yMdk vjfoUn Hkh ogha Fkk ftl dejs esa og lks jgk Fkk mlds njokts ds ckgj ge yksx lgu esa vk x;s Fks rHkh eqyfteku dks fudyrs ns[kk Fkk vkSj mUgksusa /kedh nh FkhA eqyfteku dV~Vk fn[kkrs gq, gekjs edku ds esu xsV ls fudy x;sA eqyfteku ds tkus ds ckn og Hkaoj flag ds dejs esa x;k rks ogka ns[kk fd Hkaoj flag viuh pkjikbZ ij xksyh yxus ls ejk iMk Fkk rHkh ogka lwcs flag] lq[kiky flag vkfn dkQh yksx ogka dejs esa vk x;sA ftl le; og xksyh dh vkokt lqudj ckgj vius dejs ls vk;k rks mlds ikl VkpZ FkhA VkpZ mlds vkSj vjfoUn nksuks ds ikl Fkh bUgh cSVªh o VkpksZa ls mlus eqyfteku dks ns[kk vkSj igpkuk FkkA bl okds dh fjiksVZ mlus Fkkuk NijkSyh ij lqcg dks fy[kok;h FkhA jkr esa Mj ds dkj.k Fkkus ugha tk ldrs FksA bl lk{kh us rgjhj izn'kZ d&1 dks vius ys[k o gLrk{kj esa gksuk crkrs gq, lkfcr fd;k gSA ftjg esa ;g crk;k gS fd mlus viuh tehu lu~ 1983 esa csp nh FkhA jke flag us fdl lu~ esa olh;r t;iky vkSj mlds yMds ds uke dh Fkh mls /;ku ughaA jke flag dh tehu tks 22&23 ch?kk gS ;g ugha irk dPph@iDdh gSA gekjs ;gka ,d ch?ks esa ikSus lkr fcLok gksrk gSA Hkaoj flag dk bl tehu esa djhc 7 ch?kk fgLlk cSBrk gSA olh;r lkr ch?ks dh gh dh gSA ;g Hkh crk;k fd mlds edku dk lnj njoktk nf{k.k dh rjQ gS tks vke jkLrs ij [kqyrk gSA lnj njokts ls tc ge vius ?kj esa vUnj pysxsa rks xSyjh ds Åij Nr ugha gS] [kqyh gSA lnj njokts ls vUnj ?kqlrs gh mlds edku esa ,d dejk iwoZ esa vkSj ,d dejk if'pe esa gSA if'pe okys dejs esa dksbZ fdokM ugha gSA ;g Hkh crk;k fd Hkaoj flag ftl dejs esa lks jgk Fkk ogka ls mldk fjgk;'kh dejk ftlesa og lks jgk Fkk djhc 40 fQV nwj gSA ;g Hkh crk;k fd ?kVuk ds le; mlds ckgj ds lnj njokts ij 3 fQV ds fdokM Fks ftlesa mlus rkyk ugh Mky jD[kk FkkA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 lqcs flag us vius c;ku esa ;g crk;k gS fd og /kkjk flag oknh rFkk pkjksa eqyfteku czge flag] t;iky] vkseohj ,oa thr dks tkurk gS gkftj vnkyr gS mlds gh xkao ds gSa mldk edku /kkjk flag ds edku ls if'pe dh rjQ gS chp esa dsoy ,d xyh gSA og Hkaoj flag e`rd dks Hkh tkurk FkkA ;g /kkjk flag ds ikl gh jgk djrk FkkA djhc nks lky igys jkr dks 3&4 cts xksyh dk /kekdk lqudj vius edku ls og ckgj vk;k vkSj /kkjk flag ds edku dh rjQ jkLrs ij vk;k rks mlus ns[kk fd pkjksa eqyfteku gkftj vnkyr /kkjk flag ds edku ds lnj njokts ls ckgj fudy jgs Fks vkSj iwoZ lkbZM ij pys x;s buesa ls thr ds ikl reapk FkkA esjs ikl VkpZ Fkh ftldh jks'kuh esa mlus eqyfteku dks ns[kk o igpkukA fQj og /kkjk flag ds edku esa x;k Fkk vkSj ogka lnj njokts ds ikl xyh ds ikl okys dejs esa Hkaoj flag e`r iMk FkkA ;g ¼Hkaoj flag½ pkjikbZ ij iMk Fkk mlds nkfguh rjQ cka;s dku ds uhps [kwu fudyrh gqbZ pksV ns[kh FkhA mlds vykok vkseohj] ukgj] ihre flag vkfn us Hkh eqyfteku dks /kkjk flag ds edku ls fudyrs ns[kk FkkA edku ds vUnj mls /kkjk flag vkSj mldk yMdk Hkh VkpZ fy, feys FksA rQrh'k ds nkSjku mlus viuh VkpZ njksxkth dks fn[kkbZ Fkh mUgksus VkpZ ns[kdj fy[kk i vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 5 vjfoUnz dqekj us vius c;ku esa ;g dgk gS fd og eqyfteku czge flag] t;iky] vkseohj o lRkohj dks tkurk gSA lrohj dks thr flag Hkh dgrs gS buesa ls vkt lrohj eqyfte xSj gkftj gS ckdh eqyfteku mifLFkr gS mlds xkao ds gSaA Hkaoj flag e`rd mlds ckck yxrs FksA og gekjs lkFk gh jgk djrs Fks vkSj [kkuk ihuk Hkh gekjs lkFk djrs Fks yxHkx 2&1@4 lky igys Hkaoj flag dk dRy gks x;k FkkA jkr ds yXkHkx 3&4 cts gks x;k Fkk og gekjs edku ds vUnj lnj njokts ds ikl cus dejs esa lks jgs Fks og mlh edku ds vkxs dejs esa mlds lkFk mlds firk Hkh lks;s gq, Fks rHkh mlus xksyh dh vkokt lquh og o mlds firkth mBdj Hkaoj flag ds dejs dh rjQ x;s ns[kk fd pkjksa eqyfteku czge flag vkfn mlds ckck ds dejs ls fudy jgs Fks bues ls lrohj ds ikl dV~Vk Fkk mlds ikl o mlds firk ds ikl VkpZ Fkh ftldh jks'kuh esa mlus eqyfteku dks igpkukA mls ns[kdj eqyfteku us /kedh nh fd vxj vkxs c mijksDr lkf{k;ksa ds dFku ls ;g Li"V gS fd dfFkr ?kVuk ds le; vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 lwcs flag vius edku esa lks jgk Fkk rFkk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 /kkjk flag o vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 5 vjfoUn dqekj tks vkil esa firk iq= gSa ,d dejs esa lks jgs FksA e`rd lnj njokts ds cxy okys dejs esa lks jgk FkkA mijksDr lkf{k;ksa us vius c;kuksa esa Qk;j dh vkokt lqudj ekSds ij igqapus dh ckr dgh gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 /kkjk flag rFkk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 5 vjfoUn dqekj us vihykFkhZx.k dks e`rd ds dejs ls fudyrs gq, ns[kus dk mYys[k fd;k gS rFkk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 lwcs flag us vihykFkhZx.k dks lnj njokts ls ckgj fudyrs gq, ns[kus dh ckr dgh gSA izdj.k ds leLr rF; ,oa ifjfLFkfr;ka rFkk ?kVuk ds lEca/k esa lE;d fopkj djus ds mijkUr ge bl er ds gSa fd mijksDr lkf{k;ksa dk dFku fdlh Hkh izdkj ls LokHkkfod ,oa fo'oluh; izrhr ugha gksrk gSA izFker% ;g fd mijksDr lkf{k;ksa us e`rd dks xksyh ekjrs gq, ugha ns[kk gSA mijksDr rhuksa lkf{k;ksa us vius c;kuks esa Qk;j dh vkokt lqudj ekSds ij igqapus dh ckr dgh gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 lwcs flag dk edku oknh /kkjk flag ds edku ds if'pe fLFkr gksuk crk;k x;k gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 /kkjk flag rFkk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 5 vjfoUn dqekj nksuksa dks ,d dejs esa lksus dh ckr dgh x;h gSA ;g ?kVuk jkf= ds djhc 3&4 cts dh crk;h x;h gSA e`rd ds 'kjhj ij ek= ,d vkXus;kL= dk izos'k ?kko ik;k x;k gS tc fd mijksDr xokgku vius vius edku ds vUnj dejs esa lks jgs Fks vkSj mUgksaus Qk;j dh vkokt lqudj ekSds ij igqapus dh ckr dgh gSA gekjs fopkj ls Qk;j djus ds i'pkr eqyftekuksa dk xokgksa ds vkus rd mlh dejs esa :dk jguk LokHkkfod ,oa fo'oluh; ughas yxrk gSA foospukf/kdkjh us ?kVukLFky dk ekufp= izn'kZ d&14 ekSds ij tkdj rS;kj fd;k Fkk tks i=koyh ij miyC/k gSA ekufp= esa ,- LFkku ij e`rd dk 'ko pkjikbZ ij ik;s tkus dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gSA ,- LFkku okyk dejk lnj njokts ds ikl gh fLFkr gS ftl dejs esa e`rd dks xksyh ekjh x;hA xokgku ds igqapus rd xksyh ekjus okyk O;fDr vklkuh ls ml dejs ls fudydj lnj njokts ls ckgj fudydj Hkkx ldrk FkkA jkf= ds le; lkekU;rk O;fDr rS;kj gksdj tc rd ckgj fudysxk rc rd ?kVuk dkfjr djus okyk O;fDr dk ekSds ij :dk jguk LokHkkfod ,oa fo'oluh; izrhr ugha gksrk gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 /kkjk flag rFkk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 5 vjfoUn dqekj ds c;kuksa ls ;g Li"V gS fd vihykFkhZx.k dh oknh i{k ls jaft'k Fkh rFkk tehuh fookn py jgk FkkA ,slh n'kk esa jaft'k ds dkj.k Hkh vihykFkhZx.k dks bl ?kVuk esa ukfer djus dh lEHkkouk ls badkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA f}rh;& ;g fd ;g ?kVuk 3&4 cts jkf= dh crk;h x;h gS rFkk xokgksa ds c;ku esa ;g vk;k gS fd reapk ek= vihykFkhZ lrohj mQZ thr ds gkFk esa FkkA vihykFkhZ lrohj mQZ thr dh nkSjku vihy e`R;q Hkh gks pqdh gSA vU; fdlh vihykFkhZ ds gkFk esa dksbZ gfFk;kj ugha crk;k x;k gSA ,slh n'kk esa vU; vihykFkhZx.k dk vihykFkhZ lrohj mQZ thr ds lkFk fugkRFks ekSds ij tkuk LokHkkfod ,oa fo'oluh; izrhr ugha gksrk gSA vihykFkhZx.k czge flag o t;iky vkil esa lxs HkkbZ gSa rFkk vihykFkhZx.k vkseohj o lrohj mQZ thr] vihykFkhZ t;iky ds iq= gSaA bl rjg firk iq= vkSj HkkbZ;ksa dk vkil esa feydj ,d lkFk jkf= ds va/ksjs esa tkdj dfFkr ?kVuk dkfjr djuk LokHkkfod izrhr ugha gksrk gSA fQj vihykFkhZx.k viuh igpku Nqikus ds vk'k; ls vius psgjs dks jkT; jktLFkku izfr eukst dqekj ¼2014½ 2 ,l- lh- lh- ¼fdz0½ 702] ds ekeys esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk ;g vo/kkfjr fd;k x;k gS fd%& "No overt act attributed- Where no overt act is proved or established on the part of the accused which might shown that he shared common intenton of the person or persons who inflicted the injury or in injuries, the accused persons cannot be fastened with liability and convicted with the aid of Section 34 IPC."
gjca'k dkSj ,o vU; izfr jkT; gfj;k.kk ¼2005½ 9 ,l- lh- lh- 195 ds ekeys esa Hkh ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk ;g vo/kkfjr fd;k x;k gS fd%& "In order to bring home the charge of common intention, the prosecution has to establish by evidence, whether direct or circumstantial, that there was plan or meeting of mind of all the accused persons to commit the offence for which they are charged with the aid of S. 34, be it prearranged or on the spur of moment; but it must necessarily be before the commission of the crime."
pw¡fd iz'uxr izdj.k esa ek= vihykFkhZ lrohj mQZ thr ds gkFk esa reapk gksus dh ckr dgh x;h gS ftldh nkSjku vihy e`R;q gks pqdh gSA vU; vihykFkhZx.k ds gkFk esa dksbZ gfFk;kj ugha crk;k x;k gSA fQj bl rjg firk iq=ksa ,oa HkkbZ;ksa dk ,d lkFk feydj jkf= ds le; esa ?kVuk dkfjr djus tkuk LokHkkfod ,oa fo'oluh; izrhr ugha gksrk gSA mijksDr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Hkh dfFkr ?kVuk dh dgkuh LokHkkfod ,oa fo'oluh; ugha ik;h tkrh gSA fQj tc jkf= esa gh ;fn xokgksa us vihykFkhZx.k dks ?kj ls fudyrs gq, ns[k fy;k Fkk rc oknh jkf= esa bl ?kVuk dh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ djkus gsrq Fkkus tk ldrk Fkk vkSj ?kVuk ds rqjUr ckn ?kVuk dh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ djk ldrk Fkk ysfdu bl ?kVuk dh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ lqcg lk jkT; iatkc izfr lqpk flag ,oa vU; ¼2003½ ,l- lh- lh- 153] ds ekeys esa ekuuhp mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk ;g vo/kkfjr fd;k x;k gS fd %& "11.Mr. Walia, learned counsel, lastely contended that there is a strong motive connecting the accused with the crime for the reason that Kuldip Singh, nephew of acused Sucha Singh was murdred by the complainant party and the accused had nursed a grudge against the complainant party for revenge. This plea is of no help to the prosecution case. When the basic foundation of the prosecution case crumbled down, the motive bemoces inconsequential. At the same time, animosity is double-edged sword. It could be a ground for false implication, it could also be a ground for assault. In the instant case, in view of the facts and circumstances as discussed above, The motive, however strong, merely creates a suspicion. Suspicion cannot take the place of proof of guilt."
jkT; iatkc izfr izhre flag ,oa vU; ¼1977½ 4 ,l- lh- lh- 56] ds ekeys esa ekuuhp mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk ;g fof/k O;oLFkk nh x;h gS fd%& "4. It might appear that the High Court did not try to consider the intrinisc merits of the evidence of the eyewitnesses but rejected the evidence of those witnesses only on the ground that they were interested and inimical witnesses. But on a very careful consideration of the judgment of the High Court in the light of the evidence led by the prosecution, we feel that the view taken by the High Court was not wrong. Apart from the circumstances mentioned by the High Court in its judgment there were certain important intrinisc circumstances which threw a good deal of doubt on the prosecution case. In the first place, it is admitted that there was serious enmity between the parties and there was sufficient motive for Pala Singh to have implicated the respondents at whose instance he was implicated in the murder of Toga Singh and eventually convicted to life imprisonment. Equally there was a motive for the respondents also to kill Pala Singh in order to wreck vengeance on him for having caused the death of the father of Gurmej Singh, Teja Singh and Bhan Singh. When the motives were thus equally balanced, the Court has to look to surrounding circumstances in order to find out the truth."
pw¡fd iz'uxr izdj.k esa tehu dk fookn crk;k x;k gSA ,slh n'kk esa bl ?kVuk esa vihykFkhZx.k dks jaft'ku Qlk;s tkus dh lEHkkouk ls badkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA pw¡fd ;g jkf= dh ?kVuk gSA bl ?kVuk dh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ Hkh ?kVuk ds djhc lk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 /kkjk flag rFkk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 5 vjfoUn dqekj ;|fi fgrc} lk{kh gS vkSj vkil esa firk iq= gSa fQj Hkh mudh lk{; ij lko/kkuh iwoZd fopkj djus ds mijkUr ge blh er ds gSa fd mijksDr lkf{k;ksa dk dFku fdlh Hkh izdkj ls LokHkkfod ,oa fo'oluh; ugha ik;k tkrk gS rFkk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 lwcs flag ds }kjk Hkh ekSds ij vihykFkhZx.k dks lnj njokts ls ckgj fudyrs gq, ns[kuk LokHkkfod ,oa fo'oluh; ugha ik;k tkrk gSA mijksDr rhuksa lkf{k;ksa dh lk{; ij lE;d fopkj djus ds mijkUr ge blh er ds gSa fd mijksDr rhuksa lkf{k;ksa dh lk{; ls vihykFkhZx.k ds fo:} yxk;s x;s vkjksi dh lansg ls ijs iqf"V ugha gksrh gS rFkk mijksDr lkf{k;ksa dh lk{; ls vihykFkhZx.k dh iz'uxr ?kVuk esa lafyIrrk lkfcr ugha ik;h tkrh gSA izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ esa jks'kuh ds Jksr dk dksbZ mYys[k ugha fd;k x;k gSA ;|fi lkf{k;ksa us dgk gS fd muds ikl VkpsZa Fkh ysfdu mudk mijksDr dFku LokHkkfod ,oa fo'oluh; ugha ik;k tkrk gS ;fn vihykFkhZx.k dks VkpZ dh jks'kuh esa fudyrs gq, xokgksa }kjk ns[kk x;k gksrk rks oknh /kkjk flag Lo;a rgjhj ys[kd gS vkSj mlus vius gLrys[k esa rgjhj fy[kdj ?kVuk dh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ Fkkus ij ntZ djk;h gS og fuf'pr :i ls gh viuh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ esa VkpZ dh jks'kuh esa vihykFkhZx.k dks ns[kus dk mYys[k dj ldrs Fks ysfdu izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ esa fdlh jks'kuh dk dksbZ mYys[k ugha fd;k x;k gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 4 ekaxsjke ¼dkLVsfcy½ e`rd ds 'ko dks loZeksgj gkyr esa iksLVekVZe gsrq ys x;s FksA ;g ,d vkSipkfjd lk{kh gS rFkk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 6 gsejkt flag] ¼mifujh{kd½ ,oa vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 7 Fkkuk/;{k] pUnziky flag ¼foospukf/kdkjh½ Hkh vkSipkfjd lk{kh gSA mijksDr lkf{k;ksa ds c;ku esa ,slh dksbZ egRoiw.kZ ckr ugha vk;h gS ftlls dh vihykFkhZx.k dks dfFkr ?kVuk o vijk/k ds fy, nks"kh Bgjk;k tk ldsA mijksDr leLr lk{; ,oa ifjfLFkfr;ksa ij lE;d fopkj djus ds mijkUr ge blh er ds gSa fd vfHk;kstu i{k vius dFkkud dks lansg ls ijs lkfcr djus esa iw.kZr% vlQy jgk gS rFkk vihykFkhZx.k ds fo:} yxk;s x;s vkjksi vUrxZr /kkjk 449] 302@34] 506 Hkk0na0la0 lansg ls ijs fl} ugha gSA ,slh n'kk esa fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; dk iz'uxr fu.kZ; ,oa vkns'k fof/k laxr ugha ik;k tkrk gS rFkk vihykFkhZx.k vius fo:} yxk;s x;s vkjksi ls lansg dk ykHk izkIr dj nks"keqDr gksus ;ksX; gSA tSlk fd Åij mYys[k fd;k tk pqdk gS fd nkSjku vihy] vihykFkhZx.k czge flag ,oa lrohj mQZ thr dh e`R;q gks tkus ds dkj.k muds fy, ;g vihy mi'kfer dh tk pqdh gSA vihykFkhZx.k t;iky flag o vkseohj ds fo:} yxk;s x;s vkjksi lansg ls ijs fl} ugha gSA ,slh n'kk esa fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; dk iz'uxr fu.kZ; ,oa vkns'k fujLr gksus ;ksX; gS ,oa ;g nkf.Md vihy Lohdkj gksus ;ksX; gSA rnuqlkj ;g nkf.Md vihy Lohdkj dh tkrh gSA fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk l= ijh{k.k la[;k 155 o"kZ 1994 esa ikfjr nks"kflf} ,oa n.Mkns'k dk iz'uxr vkns'k fnukafdr 6&8&1996 fujLr fd;k x;k gSA vihykFkhZx.k t;iky flag o vkseohj dks muds fo:} yxk;s x;s vkjksi vUrxZr /kkjk 449] 302@34] 506 Hkk0na0la0 ls nks"keqDr fd;k tkrk gSA vihykFkhZx.k t;iky flag o vkseohj tekur ij gS muds tekurukes ,oa ca/ki= fujLr fd;s tkrs gSa mUgsa vkReleZi.k djus dh vko';drk ugha gS] lkFk gh mijksDr vihykFkhZx.k dks ;g Hkh vknsf'kr fd;k tkrk gS fd bl fu.kZ; ds ikfjr gksus dh frfFk ls 15 fnol ds Hkhrj /kkjk 437A n.M izfdz;k lafgrk ds izkfo/kku ds vuqlkj izR;sd vihykFkhZ ,d&,d yk[k :i;s ds O;fDrxr ca/ki= o leku /kujkf'k ds nks&nks izfrHkw lacaf/kr eq[; U;kf;d eftLVsªV ds U;k;ky; esa izLrqr djsaxsA fu.kZ; dh izfr ,oa v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dh i=koyh vfoyEc lEcfU/kr U;k;ky; dks vuqikyukFkZ Hksth tk,A fnukad@ 31&1&2020 v-