Rajasthan High Court - Jodhpur
Radesh Chandra vs Rajeev And Anothers ... on 21 August, 2024
Author: Yogendra Kumar Purohit
Bench: Yogendra Kumar Purohit
[2024:RJ-JD:34374]
HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE FOR RAJASTHAN AT
JODHPUR
S.B. Criminal Revision Petition No. 903/1999
Radesh Chandra S/o Shri Vagesh Chandra, resident of
Durgapura, Jaipur(Raj.)
----Petitioner
Versus
1. Rajeev S/o Shri Jagannath resident of 18, Polo Ground,
Udaipur (Raj.)
2. Union of India through the Central Bureau of Investigation.
----Respondent
For Petitioner(s) : Mr. Vineet jain, Sr. Adv. assisted by
Mr. Pravin Vyas
Mr. Harshvardhan Singh Rathore
For Respondent(s) : Mr. Shrawan Kumar, PP
Mr. Rajvendra Saraswat
HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE YOGENDRA KUMAR PUROHIT
Order Reserved on 24/07/2024 Pronounced on 21/08/2024 Reportable 01- fuxjkuhdrkZ }kjk ;g fuxjkuh fo}ku vf/kuLFk U;k;ky; vij ls'ku U;k;k/kh'k la[;k 2] mn;iqj ds ls'ku dsl la[;k 07@99 jktLFkku jkT; cuke jktho vijk/k vUrxZr /kkjk 304ch] 498, Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk esa ikfjr fu.kZ; fnukad 22-09-1999 ds }kjk vfHk;qDr dks vkjksfir vijk/k esa nks"keqDr dj fn;s tkus ls O;fFkr gksdj izLrqr dh xbZ gSA 02- la{ksi esa ekeys ds rF; bl izdkj ls gS fd fuxjkuhdrkZ eqLrxhl jk/ks'kpUnz dh vksj ls ,d izkFkZuk i= fnukafdr 10-10-1991 tfj;s Mkd iqfyl Fkkuk vEckekrk] mn;iqj dks Hkstdj ;g fuosnu fd;k x;k fd eqLrxhl dh cgu Jherh euh"kk dk fookg fnukad 15-02-1985 dks jktho tks'kh ds lkFk gqvkA jktho tks'kh o mldh ekrk deyk o Jherh lhek dk O;ogkj 'kq: ls gh eqLrxhl dh cgu ds lkFk ngst dks ysdj vPNk ugha jgkA jktho tks'kh o mldh ekrk le;≤ ij (Downloaded on 21/08/2024 at 08:44:53 PM) [2024:RJ-JD:34374] (2 of 26) [CRLR-903/1999] yxkrkj eqLrxhl dh cgu ls dqN u dqN lksuk] tsojkr o udnh eqLrxhl ds ekrk&firk o ge yksxksa ls ekax djrs jgsA tc tc Hkh ekax djrs Fks] rc eqLrxhl dh cgu ds nksuksa cPps o eqLrxhl dh cgu dks ekjus dh /kedh nsrs jgrs FksA fnukad 08-10-91 dh jkr dks eqLrxhl dh cgu euh"kk ls ,d yk[k :i;s dh ekax dh xbZ Fkh] ftldk fd VsyhQksu ij euh"kk us jkr dks 10cts ds djhc eqLrxhl ds firkth dks crk;k] ftlesa ;g crk;k fd & ^^firkth esjs ifr o lkl xr dqN fnuksa ls eq>s jkstkuk dg jgs gSa fd rsjs firkth ls ,d yk[k :i;s tYnh ls tYnh eaxk ojuk rq>s o rsjs cPpksa dks tku ls ekj nsxsaA^^ 03- mDr VsyhQksu ds ckn jkr djhc 2 ;k 2%30 cts xksis'k HkV~V tks fd jktho tks'kh ds ekek gS mudk Qksu eqLrxhl ds firkth ds ikl vk;k fd euh"kk dh rfc;r [kjkc gS rqjar pys vkvksA ftl ij eqLrxhl] mldk HkkbZ xksis'kpUnz t;iqj ls gokbZ tgkt ls fnukad 09-10-1991 dks mn;iqj izkr% djhc 8 cts igqaps] mudh cgu vLirky esa gksus dk irk yxkA vLirky esa cgu us crk;k fd jktho tks'kh o Jherh deyk tks'kh us feydj mls tyk fn;kA mlus gesa crk;k fd rsjs thtkth o mudh eka us feydj esjh ;g gkyr dj nh gSA tc og fpYykbZ rc fdlh dks Hkh vUnj ugha vkus fn;k o njokts cUn dj fn;s vkSj mlls dgk fd ;g ckr rwus fdlh ls Hkh dgh rks rsjs cPpksa dh Hkh ;gh gkyr dj nsaxsA ikik dks Hkh lekpkj nsus dk dgkA eqLrxhl ds ikik VsDlh ls mn;iqj vk;s] ysfdu muds igqapus ls igys eqLrxhl dh cgu izk.k NksM+ pqdh Fkh] ftldk vkt nkg laLdkj dj fn;k x;k gSA oxSjk fjiksVZ ij izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ la[;k 150@91 vUrxZr /kkjk 498,] 304ch Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk ntZ dj r¶rh'k dh xbZA 04- bl ekeys esa r¶rh'k lhchvkbZ }kjk dh xbZ vkSj mi iqfyl v/kh{kd ¼dsUnzh; vUos"k.k C;wjks½ tks/kiqj }kjk fnukad 13-06-1994 dks vijk/k vUrxZr /kkjk 304ch Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk esa pkyku U;k;ky; vij eq[; U;kf;d eftLVªsV] ¼,lihbZ dslst½ t;iqj ftyk t;iqj esa is'k fd;k x;kA fnukad 26-08-1994 dks cgl dfeVy lquh tkdj izdj.k U;k;ky; ftyk ,oa ls'ku U;k;k/kh'k] t;iqj ftyk t;iqj dks dfeV fd;k x;kA rRi'pkr bl U;k;ky; ds vkns'kkuqlkj izdj.k ls'ku U;k;k/kh'k] mn;iqj dks LFkkukarfjr fd;k x;kA rRi'pkr ls'ku U;k;k/kh'k] mn;iqj }kjk izdj.k (Downloaded on 21/08/2024 at 08:44:53 PM) [2024:RJ-JD:34374] (3 of 26) [CRLR-903/1999] vij ls'ku U;k;k/kh'k la[;k&1] mn;iqj dks LFkkukUrfjr fd;k x;kA dkykarj.k esa izdj.k vij ls'ku U;k;k/kh'k la[;k&2] mn;iqj dks LFkkukarfjr fd;k x;kA bl ekeys esa fnukad 24-06-1995 dks cgl pktZ lquh tkdj vfHk;qDr ds fo:) /kkjk 304ch] 498, Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk dk vkjksi fojfpr dj lquk;k o le>k;k x;kA 05- fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds le{k vfHk;kstu i{k dh vksj ls dqy 34 xokgku ds c;ku djokdj lk{; vfHk;kstu lekIr ?kksf"kr dh xbZA vfHk;qDr ds /kkjk 313 n.M izfØ;k lafgrk ds rgr c;ku eqyfte fy;s x;s ftl ij lk{; lQkbZ is'k djuk pkgkA lQkbZ ds i{k esa dqy 12 xokgku ds c;ku ys[kc) djokdj lk{; lekIr ?kksf"kr dh xbZA cgl mHk; i{kdkjku lquh tkdj vfHk;qDr dks vk{ksfir fu.kZ; fnukad 22-09-1999 ds }kjk /kkjk 304ch] 498, Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk esa nks"keqDr djkj fn;k x;k vkSj izdj.k esa cjkenlqnk eky dk fuLrkj.k fu.kZ; ds in la[;k 80 o 81 ds vuq:i fd;s tkus dk vkns'k fn;k x;k ftl ij fuxjkuhdrkZ dh vksj ls ;g fuxjkuh izLrqr dh xbZ gSA 06- eqLrxhl fuxjkuhdrkZ }kjk fuxjkuh esa ;g vk/kkj fy;k x;k fd v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; fnukad 22-09-1999 fof/kfo:) gS vkSj fjdkWMZ ij miyC/k xokgku dh lk{; ds foijhr gksus ls fujLr fd;s tkus ;ksX; gSA izn'kZ ih 47 fyf[kr fjiksVZ tks xSj fuxjkuhdrkZ la[;k 1 vfHk;qDr Lo;a }kjk ntZ djokbZ xbZ Fkh mlds ckotwn /kkjk 313 n.M izfØ;k lafgrk ds c;ku esa Jherh euh"kk dh e`R;q dSls gqbZ mlds ckjs esa tkudkjh ugha gksuk crk;kA fof/k dk ;g lqLFkkfir fl)kUr gS fd tc fdlh vkSjr dh e`R;q llqjky esa vizkd`frd rjhds ls gksrh gS rks og custodial Death ekuh tkrh gSA ml voLFkk esa lkfcr djus dk Hkkj vfHk;qDr ij gksrk gS] vfHk;qDr viuk Hkkj lkfcr djus esa bl ekeys esa vlQy jgk gSA bl vk/kkj ij v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; fof/k fo:) gksus ls fujLr fd;s tkus ;ksX; gSA fuxjkuhdrkZ }kjk viuh fuxjkuh esa ;g Hkh vk/kkj fy;k x;k gS fd vfHk;kstu i{k dh tks lk{; vkbZ gS ml lk{; dks fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk misread fd;k x;k gSA fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk vius fu.kZ; esa vafdr fd;k x;k gS fd vfHk;kstu i{k }kjk ngst ds fy, e`R;q ls 'kh?kz iwoZ rax ijs'kku djus ckcr lk{; ugha nh xbZ gSA fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk xokg ih-MCY;w 1 ok?ks'k pUnz dh (Downloaded on 21/08/2024 at 08:44:53 PM) [2024:RJ-JD:34374] (4 of 26) [CRLR-903/1999] lk{; dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS ijUrq ml lk{; esa tks xokg }kjk ;g dgk x;k fd vfHk;qDr ds funsZ'kkuqlkj xgus fn;s Fks ml rF; ij xkSj ugha fd;k x;kA 07- fuxjkuhdrkZ }kjk viuh fuxjkuh esa ;g Hkh vk/kkj fy;k x;k fd fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk ,d yk[k :i;s dh ekax ugha ekuus esa fof/kd Hkwy dh gS tcfd ,d yk[k :i;s dh ekax ds vk/kkj ij yxkrkj Jherh euh"kk dks rax ijs'kku fd;k tk jgk FkkA tks ,d yk[k :i;s dh ekax dh xbZ og Li"V :i ls ngst dh ekax gh Fkh ftl ij v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk xkSj ugha fd;k x;kA 08- fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk vius fu.kZ; esa ;g vk/kkj fy;k x;k fd vfHk;qDr }kjk e`rdk dks cpkus dk iz;kl fd;k x;kA v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk bl rF; ij xkSj ugha fd;k x;k fd jlkbZ ds ckgj dh ykWch esa e`rdk 99 izfr'kr rd tyh gSA mlds ckotwn xSj fuxjkuhdrkZ la[;k 1 vfHk;qDr }kjk cpko dk iz;kl ugha fd;k x;kA xSj fuxjkuhdrkZ la[;k 1 us ;g Li"V ugha crk;k fd e`rdk Jherh euh"kk dks cpkus ds D;k iz;kl fd;s x;sA izn'kZ ih 47 esa tks rF; vafdr fd;s x;s Fks ftl ij Lo;a vfHk;qDr }kjk fopkj.k ds nkSjku fo'okl ugha fd;k x;kA 09- fuxjkuhdrkZ }kjk ;g Hkh fuosnu fd;k x;k fd L=h/ku ds vkfVZdy tks mls firk }kjk fn, x, Fks] tks vfHk;qDr dks fn, tkuk r; fd;k x;k og Hkh fof/klEer ugha gSA fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk xokg ih-MCY;w 32 o ih-MCY;w 33 }kjk tks Li"V :i ls xSj fuxjkuhdrkZ la[;k 1 vfHk;qDr ds fo:) rax ijs'kku djus dh lk{; nh xbZ Fkh ftl ij dksbZ xkSj ugha fd;k x;kA xokg ih-MCY;w 7 jk/ks'k pUn }kjk izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ nsjh ls djus dk i;kZIr Li"Vhdj.k fn;k x;k ftl ij dksbZ fopkj v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk ugha fd;k x;kA fnukad 13-10-1999 dks jfookj dk fnu gksus ds ckotwn izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ fnukad 13-10-1999 dks fdl izdkj ls ntZ gqbZ bl ij xkSj ugha fd;k x;kA 10- bl ekeys esa /kkjk 113¼ch½ n.M izfØ;k lafgrk ds eqrkfcd vfHk/kkj.kk fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk ugha dh xbZ ftlds laca/k esa Hkh vkifRr fuxjkuhdrkZ }kjk dh xbZA fuxjkuh esa ;g Hkh fuosnu fd;k x;k fd fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk MkW- lfork pUnzk ih-MCY;w 3 o jk/ks'kpUnz 'kekZ ih-MCY;w 7 ds le{k tks ekSf[kd e`R;q dkfyd dFku Jherh euh"kk }kjk fn;s x;s mu ij vfo'okl fd;s tkus dk dksbZ (Downloaded on 21/08/2024 at 08:44:53 PM) [2024:RJ-JD:34374] (5 of 26) [CRLR-903/1999] U;k;ksfpr dkj.k vafdr ugha fd;k x;kA var esa fuxjkuh izLrqr dj v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; fnukad 22-09-1999 fujLr fd;s tkus vkSj v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dks izdj.k i=koyh ij miyC/k esVsfj;y ds vk/kkj ij u;s fljs ls fu.kZ; ikfjr djus ds funsZ'k fn;s tkus dh izkFkZuk dhA 11- cgl fuxjkuh lquh xbZA fuxjkuhdrkZ ds fo}ku vf/koDrk o xSj fuxjkuhdrkZ la[;k 1 ds fo}ku vf/koDrk dh vksj ls fyf[kr cgl izLrqr dh xbZ vkSj nksuksa i{kksa dh vksj ls ekSf[kd cgl Hkh dh xbZA 12- fo}ku vf/koDrk fuxjkuhdrkZ }kjk viuh fyf[kr cgl o fuxjkuh esa of.kZr vk/kkjksa dks rdksaZ ds :i esa izLrqr fd;k vkSj eq[; :i ls nkSjkus cgl ;g rdZ izLrqr fd;k fd fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ nsjhuk gksuk ekuk gS tks fof/klEer ugha gSA rhu fnu dh nsjh ?kkrd izHkkodkjh ugha gks ldrhA bl ekeys esa xSj fuxjkuhdrkZ la[;k 1@vfHk;qDr dh vksj ls 174 dh dk;Zokgh esa jlksbZ ds vUnj e`rdk dk tyuk crk;k tks drbZ lkfcr ugha gSA jlkbZ esa tyus dk dksbZ lcwr ugha ik;k x;k gSA e`rdk llqjky esa tyh gS tgka xSj fuxjkuhdrkZ la[;k 1@vfHk;qDr gh ekStwn FkkA ml voLFkk esa xSj fuxjkuhdrkZ la[;k 1@vfHk;qDr dh ftEesnkjh Fkh fd e`rdk fdl izdkj ls tyh mldk Li"Vhdj.k ns vkSj tks Li"Vhdj.k vfHk;qDr gh ns ldrk Fkk] tks vfHk;qDr dh gh tkudkjh esa gks ldrk FkkA bl dkj.k ls /kkjk 106 lk{; vf/kfu;e ds eqrkfcd Li"Vhdj.k vfHk;qDr dh vksj ls u nsuk vfHk;qDr ds fo:) vfHk/kkj.kk fd;s tkus ;ksX; gSA /kkjk 313 n.M izfØ;k lafgrk esa vfHk;qDr }kjk e`rdk dSls tyh bldk dksbZ Li"Vhdj.k ugha fn;k x;kA cfYd /kkjk 313 n.M izfØ;k lafgrk ds rgr c;ku eqyfte esa ;g dgk fd mls ekywe ugha fd Jherh euh"kk dSls tyhA 13- nkSjkus cgl ;g Hkh rdZ izLrqr fd;k x;k fd izn'kZ Mh 31 e`R;q dkfyd dFku ij fpfdRld }kjk e`rdk ds c;ku nsus ds fy, fQV gksus dk izek.k i= ugha gS vkSj ekeyk e`rdk ds 100 izfr'kr tyus dk gS ftlls ihfM+rk ds c;ku nsus esa l{ke gksuk ugha ekuk tk ldrkA ,slh voLFkk esa izn"kZ Mh 31 ij fu.kZ; esa fopkj djus esa v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk Hkwy dh xbZ gSA bl vk/kkj ij v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; voS/k gksuk vkSj izLrqr lk{; ij fopkj ugha djus vkSj euekus (Downloaded on 21/08/2024 at 08:44:53 PM) [2024:RJ-JD:34374] (6 of 26) [CRLR-903/1999] <ax ls fn;k QSlyk gksus ls fuxjkuh U;k;ky; }kjk bl fu.kZ; esa gLr{ksi fd;k tk ldrk gSA v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; dks vikLr dj i=koyh ij miyC/k lk{; ij iqu% fopkj dj fu.kZ; ikfjr djus gsrq izdj.k izfrizsf"kr fd;s tkus dk rdZ izLrqr fd;k vkSj fofHkUu U;kf;d n`"Vkarks dh vksj esjk /;ku vkdf"kZr fd;kA 14- fo}ku vf/koDrk xSj fuxjkuhdrkZ la[;k 1@vfHk;qDr }kjk fyf[kr cgl esa of.kZr rdksa dks nksgjkrs gq, bl ckr ij tksj fn;k x;k fd jkT; ljdkj }kjk bl ekeys esa nks"keqfDr ds fu.kZ; ds fo:) dksbZ vihy ugha dh xbZ gSA jkT; ljdkj fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; ls larq"V FkhA eqLrxhl dh vksj ls ;g fuxjkuh izLrqr dh xbZ gSA eqLrxhl dh vksj ls dh xbZ fuxjkuh esa ;g U;k;ky; lk{; dk iqueZwY;kadu¼reapriciation½ ugha dj ldrkA dsoy v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk vkns'k fof/kfo:) gksus vkSj izLrqr lk{; ij fopkj ugha djus dh voLFkk esa gh gLr{ksi fd;k tk ldrk gSA tcfd gLrxr ekeys esa fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk lk{; dk lEiw.kZ foospu vius fu.kZ; esa fd;k x;k gS vkSj fdlh Hkh lk{; dks fopkj djus ls ugha NksM+k gS vkSj izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ nsjh ls ntZ djkus ds ckjs esa Hkh foLr`r foospu fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk fd;k x;k gSA /kkjk 174 dh dk;Zokgh esa fyf[kr :i ls vfHk;qDr }kjk Li"Vhdj.k ?kVuk ds ckjs esa fn;k x;k FkkA /kkjk 313 n.M izfØ;k lafgrk esa Li"Vhdj.k ugha nsus ds ckjs esa v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk vius fu.kZ; esa gh Li"V fd;k x;k gS fd vf/koDrkx.k dh gM+rky gksus ls vfHk;qDr }kjk i;kZIr dFku c;ku eqyfte esa ugha fd;s x;sA 15- tgka rd /kkjk 106 lk{; vf/kfu;e dk iz'u gS bl ekeys esa dksbZ foijhr vfHk/kkj.kk ugha dh tk ldrhA vfHk;kstu i{k vfHk;qDr }kjk ngst ds fy, rax ijs'kku djuk lkfcr gh ugha dj ik;k gSA tks ,d yk[k :i;s dh ekax djus dk dFku fd;k x;k mlds ckjs esa fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk xokg ih-MCY;q 1 dh lk{; dk foLr`r mYys[k djrs gq, Li"V fd;k fd e`rdk }kjk Lo;a ds O;kikj ds fy, :i;ksa dh ekax dh xbZ FkhA vfHk;qDr ;k vfHk;qDr ds ifjokj okyksa }kjk ngst dh ekax dh tkuk lkfcr ugha ekuk x;k gSA ,slh voLFkk esa fofHkUu U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa dh vksj esjk /;ku vkdf"kZr djrs gq, ;g rdZ izLrqr fd;k fd fuxjkuhdrkZ dh fuxjkuh [kkfjt dh tkosA (Downloaded on 21/08/2024 at 08:44:53 PM) [2024:RJ-JD:34374] (7 of 26) [CRLR-903/1999] 16- eSaus mijksDr rdkasZ ij euu fd;kA fuxjkuh dh i=koyh o fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dh i=koyh dk lko/kkuhiwoZd voyksdu fd;kA nksuksa i{kksa dh vksj ls izLrqr fyf[kr cgl dk v/;;u fd;k] nksuksa i{kksa ds fo}ku vf/koDrkx.k dh ekSf[kd cgl ij fopkj fd;k rFkk nksuksa i{kksa dh vksj ls izLrqr U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa ij euu fd;kA esjk fu"d"kZ fuEukuqlkj gS %& 17- bl ekeys esa ;g Lohd`r fLFkfr gS fd jkT; ljdkj dh vksj ls v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds vk{ksfir fu.kZ; ftlds }kjk xSj fuxjkuhdrkZ la[;k 1@vfHk;qDr dks nks"keqDr fd;k x;k] ds fo:) dksbZ vihy ugha dh xbZ gSA izdj.k ds eqLrxhl dh vksj ls fuxjkuh bl U;k;ky; esa is'k dh xbZ gSA eqLrxhl dh vksj ls fuxjkuh djus dh voLFkk esa fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; esa dc o fdl izdkj ls gLr{ksi fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj fuxjkuh U;k;ky; }kjk nks"keqfDr ds fu.kZ; ds fo:) dh xbZ fuxjkuh esa v/khuLFk U;k;ky; esa izLrqr lk{; dk iqueZwY;kadu¼reapriciation½ fd;k tk ldrk gS vFkok ughaA bl laca/k esa loZizFke i{kdkjku dh vksj ls izLrqr U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa ij fopkj fd;k tkuk U;k;ksfpr gSA fo}ku vf/koDrk fuxjkuhdrkZ dh vksj ls izLrqr U;kf;d n`"Vkar State of Karnataka VS K. Gopalakrishna 2005 (1) Supreme 735 - ds ekeys esa jkT; ljdkj }kjk dh xbZ vihy dk ekeyk Fkk u fd eqLrxhl }kjk dh xbZ fuxjkuh dkA bl ekeys esa iSjk la[;k 16 esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk fuEu fof/kd fLFkfr Li"V dh xbZ gS %& "(16) ........ However, if the Appellate Court comes to the conclusion that the findings of the Court below are wholly unreasonable or perverse and not based on the evidence on record, or suffers from serious illegality including ignorance or misreading of evidence on record, the Appellate Court will be justified in setting aside such an order of acquittal. ......."
18- blh izdkj fo}ku vf/koDrk fuxjkuhdrkZ dh vksj ls izLrqr ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds U;kf;d n`"Vkar GANESHA VS SHARANAPPA, (2014) 1 SCC 87 ds ekeys esa iSjk la[;k 11 esa fuEukuqlkj nks"keqfDr ds fo:) dh xbZ fuxjkuh ds laca/k esa mPp U;k;ky; ds vf/kdkjksa dks Li"V fd;k x;k gS %& "(11) However, in a case where the finding of acquittal is recorded on account of misreading of evidence or non- consideration of evidence or perverse appreciation of evidence, nothing prevents the High Court from setting aside the order of acquittal at the instance of the informant in (Downloaded on 21/08/2024 at 08:44:53 PM) [2024:RJ-JD:34374] (8 of 26) [CRLR-903/1999] revision and directing fresh disposal on merit by the trial court."
19- fo}ku vf/koDrk xSj fuxjkuhdrkZ la[;k 1@vfHk;qDr dh vksj ls izLrqr ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds U;kf;d n`"Vkar Duli Chand VS Delhi Administration (1975) 4 SCC 649 ds ekeys esa Hkh fuxjkuh ds laca/k esa mPp U;k;ky; ds vf/kdkjksa dks iSjk la[;k 4 esa Li"V fd;k x;k gS tks fuEukuqlkj gS %& "4. ..... Now the jurisdiction of the High Court in a Criminal Revision Application is severely restricted and it cannot embark upon a re-appreciation of the evidence, ....."
20- fo}ku vf/koDrk xSj fuxjkuhdrkZ la[;k 1@vfHk;qDr dh vksj ls izLrqr ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds Vimal Singh VS Khuman Singh (1998) 7 SCC 223 ds ekeys esa Hkh fuxjkuh U;k;ky; ds vf/kdkjksa ds laaca/k esa /kkjk 401 n.M izfØ;k lafgrk ds izko/kkuksa ij fopkj dj iSjk la[;k 9 esa fuEukuqlkj Li"V fd;k x;k gS %& "9. Coming to the ambit of power of High Court under Section 401 of the Code, the High Court in its revisional power does not ordinarily interfere with judgments of acquittal passed by the trial Court unless there has been manifest error of law or procedure. The interference with the order of acquittal passed by the trial Court is limited only to exceptional cases when it is found that the order under revision suffers from glaring illegality or has caused miscarriage of justice or when it is found that the trial Court has no jurisdiction to try the case or where the trial Court has illegally shut out the evidence which otherwise ought to have been considered or where the material evidence which clinches the issue have been overlooked. These are the instances where the High Court would be justified in interfering with the order of acquittal. Sub-section (3) of Section 401 mandates that the High Court shall not convert a finding of acquittal into one of conviction. Thus, the High Court would not be justified in substituting an order of acquittal into one of conviction even if it is convinced that the accused deserves conviction. No doubt, the High Court in exercise of its revisional power can set aside an order of acquittal if it comes within the ambit of exceptional cases enumerated above, but it cannot convert an order of acquittal into an order of conviction. The only course left to the High Court in such exceptional cases is to order retrial. In fact, sub-section (3) of Section 401 of the Code forbids the High Court in converting the order of acquittal into one of conviction. In view of the limitation on the revisional power of the High Court, the High Court in the present case committed manifest illegality in convicting the appellant under Section 304 Part-I and sentencing him to seven years' rigorous imprisonment after setting aside the order of acquittal."
21- blh izdkj fo}ku vf/koDrk xSj fuxjkuhdrkZ la[;k 1@vfHk;qDr dh vksj ls izLrqr ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds U;kf;d n`"Vkar Jagannath Choudhary VS Ramayan Singh (2002) 5 SCC 659 ds ekeys esa Hkh /kkjk 401 n.M izfØ;k (Downloaded on 21/08/2024 at 08:44:53 PM) [2024:RJ-JD:34374] (9 of 26) [CRLR-903/1999] lafgrk ds rgr Hkh fuxjkuh U;k;ky; ds vf/kdkjksa ds ckjs esa iSjk la[;k 9 o 10 esa fuEukuqlkj Li"V fd;k x;k gS %& "9. Incidentally the object of the revisional jurisdiction as envisaged under Section 401 was to confer upon superior criminal courts a kind of paternal or supervisory jurisdiction, in order to correct miscarriage of justice arising from misconception of law, irregularity of procedure, neglect of proper precautions of apparent harshness of treatment which has resulted on the one hand in some injury to the due maintenance of law and order, or on the other hand in some underserved hardship to individuals. (See in this context the decision of this Court in Janata Dal v. H.S. Chowdhary & Ors., 1992(4) scc 305. The main question which the High Court has to consider in an application in revision is whether substantial justice has been done. If however, the same has been an appeal, the applicant would be entitled to demand an adjudication upon all questions of fact or law which he wishes to raise, but in revision the only question is whether the court should interfere in the interests of justice. Where the court concerned does not appear to have committed any illegality or material irregularity or impropriety in passing the impugned judgment and order, the revision cannot succeed. If the impugned order apparently is presentable, without any such infirmity which may render it completely perverse or unacceptable and when there is no failure of justice, interfere cannot be had in exercise of revisional jurisdiction.
10. While it is true and now well-settled in a long catena of cases that exercise of power under Section 401 cannot but be ascribed to be discretionary - this discretion, however, as is popularly informed has to be a judicious exercise of discretion and not an arbitrary one. Judicial discretion cannot but be a discretion which stands "informed by tradition, methodised by analogy and disciplined by system"- resultantly only in the event of a glaring defect in the procedural aspect or there being a manifest error on a point of law and thus a flagrant miscarriage of justice, exercise of revisional jurisdiction under this statute ought not to be called for. It is not to be lightly exercised but only in exceptional situations where the justice delivery system requires interference for correction of a manifest illegality or prevention of a gross miscarriage of justice. In Nosibolla :
Logendranath Jha and Chinnaswamy Reddy (supra) as also in Thakur Das (Thakur Das (Dead) by LRs. v. State of Madhya Pradesh & Anr., 1978(1) scc 27), this Court with utmost clarity and in no uncertain terms recorded the same. It is not an appellate forum wherein scrutiny of evidence is possible; neither the revisional jurisdiction is open for being exercised simply by reason of the factum of another view being otherwise possible. It is restrictive in its application though in the event of there being a failure of justice there can said to be no limitation as regards the applicability of the revisional power."
22- blh izdkj fo}ku vf/koDrk xSj fuxjkuhdrkZ la[;k 1@vfHk;qDr dh vksj ls izLrqr U;kf;d n`"Vkar Bindeshwari Prasad Singh @ B.P. Singh VS State (Downloaded on 21/08/2024 at 08:44:53 PM) [2024:RJ-JD:34374] (10 of 26) [CRLR-903/1999] Of Bihar (2002) 6 SCC 650 esa iSjk la[;k 13 o 14 esa eqLrxhl }kjk dh xbZ fuxjkuh esa fuxjkuh U;k;ky; ds vf/kdkjksa ds ckjs esa fuEu O;k[;k dh xbZ gS %& "13. The instant case is not one where any such illegality was committed by the trial court. In the absence of any legal infirmity either in the procedure or in the conduct of the trial, there was no justification for the High Court to interfere in exercise of its revisional jurisdiction. It has repeatedly been held that the High Court should not re-appreciate the evidence to reach a finding different from the trial court. In the absence of manifest illegality resulting in grave miscarriage of justice, exercise of revisional jurisdiction in such cases is not warranted.
14. We are, therefore, satisfied that the High Court was not justified in interfering with the order of acquittal in exercise of its revisional jurisdiction at the instance of the informant.
It may be that the High Court on appreciation of the evidence on record may reach a conclusion different from that of the trial court. But that by itself is no justification for exercise of revisional jurisdiction under Section 401 of the Code of Criminal Procedure against a judgment of acquittal. We cannot say that the judgment of the trial Court in the instant case was perverse. No defect of procedure has been pointed out. There was also no improper acceptance or rejection of evidence nor was there any defect of procedure or illegality in the conduct of the trial vitiating the trial itself. At best the High Court thought that the prosecution witnesses were reliable while the trial court took the opposite view. This Court has repeatedly observed that in exercise of revisional jurisdictional against an order of acquittal at the instance of a private party, the Court exercises only limited jurisdiction and should not constitute itself into an appellate court which has a much wider jurisdiction to go into questions of facts and law, and to convert an order of acquittal into one of conviction. It cannot be lost sight of that when a re-trial is ordered, the dice is heavily loaded against the accused, and that itself must caution the Court exercising revisional jurisdiction. We, therefore, find no justification for the impugned order of the High Court ordering re-trial of the appellants."
23- blh izdkj fo}ku vf/koDrk xSj fuxjkuhdrkZ la[;k 1@vfHk;qDr dh vksj ls izLrqr ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds U;kf;d n`"Vkar Johar and others VS Mangal Prasad and another 2008 (3) SCC 423 ds ekeys esa mPp U;k;ky; ds /kkjk 397 lifBr /kkjk 401 n.M izfØ;k lafgrk ds rgr vf/kdkjksa dks iSjk la[;k 10] 11] 19] 21] 22] 24] 27 o 31 esa fuEukuqlkj Li"V fd;k x;k gS %& "10. Revisional jurisdiction of the High Court in terms of Section 397 read with Section 401 of the Code of Criminal Procedure is limited. The High Court did not point out any error of law on the part of the learned Trial Judge. It was not opined that any relevant evidence has been left out of its consideration by the court below or irrelevant material has been taken into consideration. The High Court entered into the merit of the matter. It commented upon the credentiality of the Autopsy Surgeon. It sought to re-appreciate the whole (Downloaded on 21/08/2024 at 08:44:53 PM) [2024:RJ-JD:34374] (11 of 26) [CRLR-903/1999] evidence. One possible view was sought to be substituted by another possible view.
11.Sub-section (3) of Section 401 reads as under :-
"401(3).Nothing in this section shall be deemed to authorize a High Court to convert a finding of acquittal into one of conviction.
19.The approach of the High Court to the entire case cannot be appreciated. The High Court should have kept in mind that while exercising its revisional jurisdiction under Sections 397 and 401 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, it exercises a limited power. Its jurisdiction to entertain a revision application, although is not barred, but severally restricted, particularly when it arises from a judgment of acquittal.
21.We may notice a few of the decisions of this Court which are binding on us.
22. In K. Chinnaswamy Reddy vs. State of Andhra Pradesh,3 : [1963] 3 SCR 412, this Court observed :-
"It is true that it is open to a High Court in revision to set aside an order of acquittal even at the instance of private parties, though the State may not have though fit to appeal; but this jurisdiction should in our opinion be exercised by the High Court only in exceptional cases, when there is some glaring defect in the procedure or there is a manifest error on a point of law and consequently there has been a flagrant miscarriage of justice. Sub-section (4) of s. 439 forbids a High Court from converting a finding of acquittal into one of conviction and that makes it all the more incumbent on the High Court to see that it does not convert the finding of acquittal into one of conviction by the indirect method of ordering retrial, when it cannot itself directly convert a finding of acquittal into a finding of conviction. This places limitations on the power of the High Court to set aside a finding of acquittal in revision and it is only in exceptional cases that this power should be exercised."
24. In Janata Dal vs. HS Chowdhary (1992) 4 SCC 305, this Court stated that the object of the revisional jurisdiction was to confer power on superior criminal courts to correct miscarriage of justice arising from misconception of law, irregularity of procedure, neglect of proper precaution or apparent harshness of treatment.
27. Yet again in Satyajit Banerjee vs. State of W.B.,10 :
(2005) 1 scc 115 this Court has, while exercising its jurisdiction under Section 142 of the Constitution of India, expressed a note of caution stating :-
"22.The cases cited by the learned counsel show the settled legal position that the revisional jurisdiction, at the instance of the complainant, has to be exercised by the High Court only in very exceptional cases where the High Court finds defect of procedure or manifest error of law resulting in flagrant miscarriage of justice.
31. We have, therefore, no hesitation to hold that the High Court exceeded its jurisdiction in view of the fact that the (Downloaded on 21/08/2024 at 08:44:53 PM) [2024:RJ-JD:34374] (12 of 26) [CRLR-903/1999] judgment of the learned Trial Judge could not be termed to be a perverse one."
24- fo}ku vf/koDrk xSj fuxjkuhdrkZ la[;k 1@vfHk;qDr dh vksj ls izLrqr ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds U;kf;d n`"Vkar Joseph Stephen and others Vs Santhanasamy and others CRIMINAL APPEAL NOS. 90-93 OF 2022 Date of Judgment 25.01.2022 (2022) 13 SCC 115 ds ekeys esa Hkh /kkjk 401 n.M izfØ;k lafgrk ds rgr mPp U;k;ky; ds fuxjkuh ds vf/kdkjh ds ckjs esa iSjk la[;k 10 esa fuEukuqlkj Li"V fd;k x;k gS fd %& "10. Applying the law laid down by this Court in the aforesaid decisions and on a plain reading of sub-section (3) of Section 401 Cr.P.C., it has to be held that sub-section (3) of Section 401 Cr.P.C. prohibits/bars the High Court to convert a finding of acquittal into one of conviction. Though and as observed hereinabove, the High Court has revisional power to examine whether there is manifest error of law or procedure etc., however, after giving its own findings on the findings recorded by the court acquitting the accused and after setting aside the order of acquittal, the High Court has to remit the matter to the trial Court and/or the first appellate Court, as the case may be."
25- iwoZ esa of.kZr U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa ds vykok ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds rhu ekuuh; U;k;kf/kifrx.k dh ihB }kjk Thankappan Nadar VS Gopala Krishnan, (2002) 9 SCC 393 (Three Judges Bench ) ds ekeys esa Hkh iSjk la[;k 6 yxk;r 10 esa mPp U;k;ky; ds fuxjkuh ds {ks=kf/kdkjksa dh 'kfDr;ksa ds ckjs esa foospu fd;k x;k gS tks fuEukuqlkj gS %& "6. In a revision application filed by the de facto complainant against the acquittal order, the court s jurisdiction under section 397 read with section 401 of the Cr.P.C. is limited. The law on the subject is well settled. Instead of referring to various judgments, we would only refer to few decisions rendered by this Court. In Akalu Ahir and Others v. Ramdeo Ram (1973) 2 scc 583], this Court has (in para 8) observed thus :
"This Court however, by way of illustration, indicated the following categories of cases which would justify the High Court in interfering with a finding of acquittal in revision:
(i) Where the trial court has no jurisdiction to try the case, but has still acquitted the accused;
(ii) Where the trial court has wrongly, shut out evidence which the prosecution wished to produce;
(iii) Where the appellate court has wrongly held the evidence which was admitted by the trial court to be inadmissible;(Downloaded on 21/08/2024 at 08:44:53 PM)
[2024:RJ-JD:34374] (13 of 26) [CRLR-903/1999]
(iv) Where the material evidence has been overlooked only (either) by the trial court or by the appellate court; and
(v) Where the acquittal is based on the compounding of the offence which is invalid under the law.
These categories were, however, merely illustrative and it was clarified that other cases of similar nature can also be properly held to be of exceptional nature where the High Court can justifiably interfere with the order of the acquittal."
The Court further observed:
"No doubt, the appraisal of evidence by the trial judge in the case in hand is not perfect or free from flaw and a court of appeal may well have felt justified in disagreeing with its conclusion, but from this it does not follow that on revision by a private complainant, the High Court is entitled to reappraise the evidence for itself as if it is acting as a court of appeal and then order a retrial. It is unfortunate that a serious offence inspired by rivalry and jealousy in the matter of election to the office of village Mukhia, should go unpunished. But that can scarcely be a valid ground for ignoring or for not strictly following the law as enunciated by this Court. (Emphasis added)
7. In our view, the emphasised portion of the aforesaid judgment is applicable in the present case. It is unfortunate that such a serious offence inspired by rivalry in the matter of election should go unpunished. However, that would not be a valid ground for ignoring or for not strictly following the law as enunciated by this Court, which does not empower the court exercising the revisional jurisdiction to re- appreciate the evidence.
8. In Vimal Singh v. Khuman Singh and Another [JT 1998(7) SC 98], this Court after considering various decisions, observed as under:
"Coming to the ambit of power of the High Court under section 401 of the Code, the High Court in its revisional power does not ordinarily interfere with judgments of acquittal passed by the trial court unless there has been manifest error of law or procedure. The interference with the order of acquittal passed by the trial court is limited only to exceptional cases when it is found that the order under revision suffers from glaring illegality or has caused miscarriage of justice or when it is found that the trial court has no jurisdiction to try the case or where the trial court has illegally shut out the evidence which otherwise ought to have been considered or where the material evidence which clinches the issue has been overlooked. These are the instances where the High Court would be justified in interfering with the order of acquittal. Sub-section (3) of section 401 mandates that the High Court shall not convert a finding of acquittal into one of conviction. Thus, the High Court would not be justified in substituting an order of acquittal into one of conviction even if it is convinced that the accused deserves conviction. No doubt, the High Court in exercise of its revisional power can set aside an order of acquittal if it comes within the ambit of exceptional cases enumerated above, but it cannot convert an order of (Downloaded on 21/08/2024 at 08:44:53 PM) [2024:RJ-JD:34374] (14 of 26) [CRLR-903/1999] acquittal into an order of conviction. The only course left to the High Court in such exceptional cases is to order retrial."
9. Same is the view taken by this Court in Logendra Nath Jha and Others v. Polailal Biswas [1951 SCR 676], K. Chinnaswamy Reddy v. State of A.P. [AIR 1962 SC 1788], Mahendra Pratap Singh v. Sarju Singh [AIR 1968 SC 707], Pakalapathi Narayana Gajapathi Raju and Others v. Bonapalli Peda Appadu and Others [AIR 1975 SC 1854] and Ayodhya Dube and Others v. Ram Sumer Singh [AIR 1981 SC 1415].
10. In the present case also, the High Court has not found any procedural illegality or manifest error of law in the order passed by the sessions judge. ........... ................The High Court has only re-appreciated the entire evidence and has taken contrary view for setting aside the acquittal order. This, in our view, is not permissible while exercising the revisional jurisdiction at the instance of de facto complainant against the order of acquittal."
26- mijksDr fof/kd fLFkfr ls ;g Li"V gS fd ;g ekeyk eqLrxhl }kjk izLrqr fuxjkuh ls lacaf/kr gksus ls bl U;k;ky; }kjk lk{; dk iqueZwY;kadu¼reapriciation½ fof/k ds vuqlkj ugha fd;k tk ldrkA ,slh voLFkk esa bl U;k;ky; dks vc ;g fopkj djuk gS fd fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; fof/k fo:) gS vFkok ugha vkSj fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk i=koyh ij izLrqr ekSf[kd o nLrkosth lk{; dks utjvankt rks ugha fd;k x;k gS vkSj fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; euekus fu.kZ; dh rkjhQ esa rks ugha vkrk gSA 27- mDr fcUnqvksa ij fopkj djus ds fy, loZizFke /kkjk 304ch Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk ds laca/k esa fof/kd fLFkfr D;k gS ml ij fopkj fd;k tk jgk gSA bl laca/k esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds rhu ekuuh; U;k;kf/kifrx.k dh ihB }kjk vius U;kf;d n`"Vkar Rajinder Singh vs State Of Punjab AIR 2015 S. C. 1359 ds iSjk la[;k 20 o 25 esa bl laca/k esa tks fof/kd fLFkfr Li"V dh xbZ gS og fuEukuqlkj gS %& "20. ........ We, therefore, declare that any money or property or valuable security demanded by any of the persons mentioned in Section 2 of the Dowry Prohibition Act, at or before or at any time after the marriage which is reasonably connected to the death of a married woman, would necessarily be in connection with or in relation to the marriage unless, the facts of a given case clearly and unequivocally point otherwise.
Coming now to the other important ingredient of Section 304B - what exactly is meant by "soon before her death"?
25. We hasten to add that this is not a correct reflection of the law. "Soon before" is not synonymous with "immediately before"."
(Downloaded on 21/08/2024 at 08:44:53 PM)[2024:RJ-JD:34374] (15 of 26) [CRLR-903/1999] 28- blh izdkj ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds rhu ekuuh; U;k;kf/kifrx.k
dh ihB }kjk GURMEET SINGH Vs STATE OF PUNJAB CRIMINAL APPEAL No. 1731/2010 Date of judgment : 28.05.2021 ds ekeys esa Hkh /kkjk 304ch Hkkjrh;
n.M lafgrk ds laca/k esa foLr`r fopkj dj iSjk la[;k 9 o 11 esa fuEu fof/kd fLFkfr Li"V dh xbZ gS %& "9. Section 304-B (1), IPC defines 'dowry death' of a woman. It provides that 'dowry death' is where death of a woman is caused by burning or bodily injuries or occurs otherwise than under normal circumstances, within seven years of marriage, and it is shown that soon before her death, she was subjected to cruelty or harassment by her husband or any relative of her husband, in connection with demand for dowry. Further, Section 304-B(2), IPC provides punishment for the aforesaid offence. This Court, in the recent judgment of Satbir Singh v. State of Haryana, Criminal Appeal Nos. 1735-1736 of 2010 Date of judgment 28.05.2021 summarised the law under Section 304-B, IPC and Section 113B, Evidence Act as under:
"i. Section 304-B, IPC must be interpreted keeping in mind the legislative intent to curb the social evil of bride burning and dowry demand.
ii. The prosecution must at first establish the existence of the necessary ingredients for constituting an offence under Section 304-B, IPC. Once these ingredients are satisfied, the rebuttable presumption of causality, provided under Section 113-B, Evidence Act operates against the accused.
iii. The phrase "soon before" as appearing in Section 304-B, IPC cannot be construed to mean 'immediately before'. The prosecution must establish existence of "proximate and live link" between the dowry death and cruelty or harassment for dowry demand by the husband or his relatives.
iv. Section 304-B, IPC does not take a pigeonhole approach in categorizing death as homicidal or suicidal or accidental. The reason for such non categorization is due to the fact that death occurring "otherwise than under normal circumstances" can, in cases, be homicidal or suicidal or accidental."
11. The next important ingredient which needs to established is the existence of dowry demand "soon before her death". This Court in catena of judgments have held that, "soon before" cannot be interpreted to mean "immediately before", rather the prosecution has to show that there existed a "proximate and live link" between the cruelty and the consequential death of the victim. [See Satbir Singh v. State of Haryana (supra); Kans Raj v. State of Punjab, (2000) 5 SCC 207; Rajinder Singh v. State of Punjab, (2015) 6 SCC 477]"
29- mDr fof/kd fLFkfr dks en~nsutj j[krs gq, gLrxr ekeys esa fopkj fd;k x;kA gLrxr ekeys esa fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ nsjhuk ntZ djkus ds laca/k esa foLr`r foospu vk{ksfir fu.kZ; ds iSjk la[;k 57 (Downloaded on 21/08/2024 at 08:44:53 PM) [2024:RJ-JD:34374] (16 of 26) [CRLR-903/1999] yxk;r 64 esa fd;k x;k gS vkSj ;g Li"V fd;k x;k gS fd izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ esa tks nsjh dh xbZ gS mlls lansg iSnk gksrk gS vkSj fuf'pr rkSj ls izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ esa dh xbZ nsjh ls mRiUu lansg dk ykHk vfHk;qDr ikus dk vf/kdkjh gSA fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk vius foospu esa bl U;k;ky; ds o ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa dk foospu Hkh fd;k x;k gSA bl laaca/k esa fof/k dk ;g lqLFkkfir fl)kUr gS fd ;fn izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ djkus esa nsjh dk larks"ktud Li"Vhdj.k fd;k tkrk gS rks og ?kkrd izHkkodkjh ugha gSA bl laca/k esa larks"ktud Li"Vhdj.k fn;k tkuk fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk ugha ekuk x;k gS bl dkj.k ls nsjh dks ?kkrd izHkkodkjh ekuk x;kA bl laca/k esa fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; fof/k fo:) gksuk ugha ekuk tk ldrk gS vkSj fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk ftl izdkj ls foospu lHkh rF;ksa ds ckjs esa fd;k x;k gS vkSj U;kf;d n`"Vkarksa dk ftl izdkj ls foospu fd;k x;k gS mlls fu.kZ; euekuk fu.kZ; Hkh gksuk ugha ekuk tk ldrk gS vkSj ,slh voLFkk esa fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; esa gLr{ksi fd;k tkuk U;k;ksfpr izrhr ugha gksrk gSA 30- tgka rd fo}ku vf/koDrk fuxjkuhdrkZ dh vksj ls viuh fuxjkuh esa fy;s x;s bl vk/kkj dk iz'u gS fd fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk /kkjk 113ch n.M izfØ;k lafgrk ds rgr vfHk/kkj.kk ugha dh xbZ gSA bl laca/k esa iwoZ esa of.kZr ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds xqjehrflag ds ekeys esa izfrikfnr fl)kUrksa ls gh ;g Li"V gS fd vfHk;kstu i{k dh ;g ftEesnkjh gS fd loZizFke ;g lkfcr djs fd /kkjk 304ch Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk ds vijk/k ds vko';d rRo bl ekeys esa fo|eku gSA ml voLFkk esa gh /kkjk 113ch ds rgr vfHk/kkj.k dh tk ldrh gSA bl ekeys esa /kkjk 304ch Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk ds laca/k esa tks lk{; vfHk;kstu i{k dh vksj ls nh xbZ gS mldk foLr`r foospu fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk vius fu.kZ; esa fd;k x;k gSA bl ekeys esa ;g Lohd`r fLFkfr gS fd e`rdk euh"kk dk fookg xSj fuxjkuhdrkZ la[;k 1@vfHk;qDr ds lkFk fnukad 15-02-1985 dks gqvk vkSj euh"kk dh e`R;q fnukad 09-10-91 dks gqbZ] tks 6 lky 8 ekg ds Hkhrj gqbZ vkSj tks e`R;q gqbZ og tyus ds dkj.k gqbZA bl ekeys esa vc ;g fopkj djuk vko';d gS fd e`R;q ds iwoZ e`rdk (Downloaded on 21/08/2024 at 08:44:53 PM) [2024:RJ-JD:34374] (17 of 26) [CRLR-903/1999] dks ngst ds fy, rax ijs'kku fd;k x;k o Øwjrkiw.kZ O;ogkj fd;k x;k bl ckcr ;qfDr;qDr lansg ls ijs lk{; i=koyh ij vkbZ gS vFkok ughaA 31- bl laca/k esa xokg ih-MCY;w 1 ck?ks'kpUnz ds dFkuksa dk foLr`r foospu vk{ksfir fu.kZ; ds iSjk la[;k 40 esa fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk fd;k x;k] tks foospu iSjk la[;k 40 esa xokg ih-MCY;w 1 ds dFkuksa ds vk/kkj ij fd;k x;k gS] mu c;kuksa ij fopkj fd;k x;k gSA v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; ds iSjk la[;k 40 esa fy[ks x;s mlh izdkj ds dFku xokg ih-MCY;w 1 }kjk vius eq[; ijh{k.k o ftjg esa Li"V :i ls dgs gSaA fuxjkuh ds iSjk la[;k ^^lh^^ esa bl rF; dks Li"V djus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gS fd tks Hkh lkeku fn;k x;k og vfHk;qDr ds Mk;jsD'ku esa fn;k x;k] ;gh xokg ih-MCY;w 1 }kjk vius c;kuksa esa dgk gS] bl rF; ij fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk xkSj ugha fd;k x;kA xokg ih-MCY;w 1 }kjk vius l'kiFk c;kuksa esa ist la[;k 40 ls 46 esa ftjg esa tks dFku fd;s gSa mudk gh mYys[k v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk fof'k"V :i ls vius fu.kZ; esa fd;k x;k vkSj leLr vkfVZdy ds ckjs esa ;g dgk x;k fd budh ekax llqjky i{k ls ugha dh xbZ lk{kh us viuh ethZ ls fn;s FksA fdlh izdkj ds ifVZdwyj vkbZVe dh dHkh Hkh ekax ugha dh xbZ] tks tsoj lk{kh us fn;s os lk{kh us LoSPNk ls fu/kkZfjr lhek esa ls fn;s FksA gkykafd ;g vo'; dgk gS fd tks lk{kh dks 'kknh ds iwoZ crk;s Fks ;kfufd tks lhek crkbZ mlh lhek esa vkfVZdy fn;s x;sA ;g Li"V :i ls Lohdkj fd;k x;k fd jktho us 'kknh ds igys o 'kknh ds ckn o vkt rd lk{kh ls dksbZ fMek.M ugha dhA lk{kh dh cPph tks dgrh Fkh fd ;g eaxok jgs gSa mlds vuqlkj lk{kh us ykdj fn;s FksA jktho us dHkh dksbZ tsoj lk{kh ls ugha ekaxsA 'kknh ij tks tsoj fn;s og gekjh tkfr jLeks fjokt ds vuqlkj fn;s FksA 32- xokg ih-MCY;w 1 }kjk viuh ftjg ds ist la[;k 45 esa ;g Lohdkj fd;k gS fd lk{kh dh yM+dh us i= fy[kk o lk{kh dh iRuh ls Hkh dgk fd og dksbZ /ka/kk djuk pkgrh gSA lk{kh dh yM+dh us lk{kh ls] lk{kh dh iRuh ls o vius HkkbZ ls dgk Fkk fd mls vius /ka/ks ds fy, enn pkfg,A viuh ftjg esa ;g Li"V fd;k gS fd lk{kh dks ;g /;ku ugha fd jktho us lk{kh dks mldk /ka/kk djus ckcr (Downloaded on 21/08/2024 at 08:44:53 PM) [2024:RJ-JD:34374] (18 of 26) [CRLR-903/1999] suggestion fn;kA lk{kh dh iq=h us mls ;g ugha dgk fd /ka/kk djus ds fy, fdruh jde pkfg,A 33- xokg ih-MCY;w 1 us viuh ftjg esa ;g Lohdkj fd;k gS fd e`R;q ls nks&rhu eghus igys euh"kk lk{kh ds ?kj t;iqj vkbZ FkhA rhu&pkj eghus esa vkrh jgrh FkhA nks&rhu eghus igys vk[kjh ckj tc og vkbZ Fkh rc mlus iSlksa dh dksbZ ekax ugha dh vkSj dksbZ tsoj Hkh ugha ekaxs FksA dksbZ Lis'ky fMek.M ugha dh FkhA bl xokg us viuh ftjg ds ist la[;k 46 esa ;g Hkh dgk gS fd Qksu ij lk{kh ls tks dgk Fkk og ;g dgk Fkk fd ,d yk[k :i;s eaxok jgs gSa tks Hkstks blesa ngst 'kCn ugha FkkA bl xokg us viuh ftjg esa ;g Hkh Lohdkj fd;k gS fd og iSls vuqnku ds :i esa ys jgh Fkh ;k m/kkj ys jgh Fkh ;g lk{kh dks irk ugha pykA VsyhQksu ij lk{kh us ugha iwNk Fkk fd vHkh ,d yk[k :i;s D;ksa pkfg,A 34- xokg ih-MCY;w 1 dh lk{; tks iwoZ esa mYysf[kr dh xbZ gS ml fLFkfr esa fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk ,d yk[k :i;s ngst ds fy, ugha ekaxuk cfYd e`rdk }kjk Lo;a ds O;olk; ds fy, ekaxuk tks ekuk gS og i=koyh ij miyC/k lk{; ds vk/kkj ij gh ekuk x;k gSA bl vk/kkj ij fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; euekuk fu.kZ; ugha gksdj xokg ih-MCY;w 1 e`rd ds firk dh lk{; ij gh vk/kkfjr fu"d"kZ gSA ,slh voLFkk esa e`R;q ls 'kh?kz iwoZ ngst dh ekax djuk bl ekeys esa lkfcr ugha ekuus esa fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk dksbZ fof/kd Hkwy ugha dh xbZ gSA 35- bl ekeys esa fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk izn'kZ Mh&31] tks xokg ih-MCY;w 14 MkW- Hkwis'k ijrkuh ds c;ku ds le; ftjg esa Vs.Mj fd;k x;k Fkk] ij vius fu.kZ; esa fopkj fd;k x;k gSA bl laca/k esa eq[; :i ls ;g vkifRr dh xbZ fd izn'kZ Mh&31 c;ku ls iwoZ fyf[kr esa fpfdRld }kjk izek.k i= ugha fn;k fd og c;ku nsus dh fLFkfr esa gS vkSj izn'kZ Mh&31 ds le; e`rdk 100 izfr'kr tyh gqbZ voLFkk esa Fkh ,slh voLFkk esa c;ku nsus esa l{ke ugha Fkh mlds ckotwn tks izn'kZ Mh&31 c;ku v/kwjs gh fy, x, os fopkj ;ksX; ugha gksus vkSj ,sls c;ku ij fopkj djus esa fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk fof/kd Hkwy djus dk vk/kkj fy;k x;kA (Downloaded on 21/08/2024 at 08:44:53 PM) [2024:RJ-JD:34374] (19 of 26) [CRLR-903/1999] 36- esjs }kjk izn'kZ Mh&31 dk voyksdu fd;k x;kA izn'kZ Mh&31 c;ku vkjaHk djus ls iwoZ MkWDVj dk izek.k i= ugha gS ijUrq izn'kZ Mh&31 e`R;q dkfyd dFku gksuk vafdr fd;k x;k gS vkSj ;g c;ku vij flfoy U;k;k/kh'k ,oa vij eq[; U;kf;d eftLVªsV] mn;iqj }kjk fnukad 09-10-1991 dks fy;k tkuk izrhr gksrk gSA bl ckcr eftLVªsV dh eksgj c;ku ds eq[; i`"B ij o iqLr ij gLrk{kj lfgr yxh gqbZ gS vkSj izFke iz'u djus vkSj mldk tokc nsus ds 'kh?kz i'pkr MkWDVj dk izek.k i= vafdr gS fd %& "Patient Vomited and now she is not able to speak"
37- xokg ih- MCY;w 14 }kjk ;g Li"V c;ku fn;k x;k fd eftLVªsV muds ikl vk;s rc mlus crk;k fd og c;ku nsus dh fLFkfr esa gS vkSj mudh ekStwnxh esa xokg ds c;ku gq,A eftLVªsV }kjk tSlk xokg us dgk oSlk fy[kk x;k vkSj c;ku nsrs&nsrs ejht dks myVh gqbZ gS o mlds ckn mlus cksyuk can dj fn;kA ml oDr lk{kh us ml c;ku ds mij ;g izek.khdj.k fd;k fd vc ejht c;ku nsus dh gkyr esa ugha jgk gSA bl xokg us izn'kZ Mh&31 dh leLr lk{; Lo;a ds lkeus fn;k tkuk vkSj eftLVªsV }kjk gLrk{kj mlds lkeus djuk vkSj izn'kZ Mh&31 ij mlds gLrk{kj nks txg gksuk crk;k x;k gSA 38- bl ekeys esa eftLVªsV dks vfHk;kstu i{k dh vksj ls xokg ugha j[kk vkSj vfHk;kstu i{k izn'kZ Mh&31 ds c;ku ij bl vk/kkj ij fo'okl ugha dj jgk gS fd ml jkst ykbZV ugha xbZ Fkh vkSj bl laca/k esa xokg ih- MCY;w 13 dks vfHk;kstu i{k dh vksj ls ijhf{kr Hkh djok;k x;k ftlus ;g lk{; nh gS fd rkjh[k 08-10- 1991 dks 7 ih,e ls ysdj fnukad 09-10-1991 dks 01%30 ih,e rd Hkqok.kk lcLVs'ku ls fo|qr lIykbZ can ugha gqbZ FkhA vxj ;gka Hkqok.kk ls lIykbZ can gkrh rks iksyks xzkm.M esa Hkh ykbZV can gksrhA 39- fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk izn'kZ Mh&31 ds laca/k esa vius fu.kZ; ds iSjk la[;k 66 esa fopkj fd;k x;k vkSj xokg ih-MCY;w 3 MkW- lfork o xokg ih- MCY;w 7 jk/ks'kpanz ds }kjk tks Lo;a dks e`rdk }kjk ;g dguk fd ^^e`rdk us eksVh vkokt esa dgk fd rsjs thtkth o mudh eka us feydj esjh ;g gkyr dh gS tc eSa fpYykbZ rks fdlh dks vUnj ugha vkus fn;k vkSj ?kj ds njokts cUn dj fn;s vkSj (Downloaded on 21/08/2024 at 08:44:53 PM) [2024:RJ-JD:34374] (20 of 26) [CRLR-903/1999] dgk fd rsus ;g ckr fdlh ls dgh rks rsjs cPpksa dk Hkh ;gh gky gksxk] rw t;iqj ikik dks lwpuk dj ns vkSj mUgsa cqyk ns fQj euh"kk csgks'k gks xbZA^^ xokgku dh lk{; ij iSjk la[;k 66 esa fo'okl ugha fd;k x;k vkSj eftLVªsV ds le{k e`R;q dkfyd tks c;ku fn;s x;s mlesa tks nq?kZVuk ls tyus dk dFku fd;k x;k ml ifjizs{; esa xokg ih-MCY;w 3 MkW- lfork o xokg ih-MCY;w- 7 jk/ks'k pUnz ds dFkuksa ij fo'okl ugha fd;k x;k gSA xokg ih-MCY;w 4 ukxs'k pUnz] xokg ih-MCY;w 7 jk/ks'k pUnz tks e`rdk ds HkkbZ o ih-MCY;w 3 lfork pUnzk rqjar ;g tkudkjh eftLVªsV dks nsrs vkSj eftLVªsV ml ij muds dFku ysdj /kkjk 190¼lh½ n.M izfØ;k lafgrk ds rgr dk;Zokgh dj ldrk Fkk] blds vykok ;s rhuksa O;fDr ;g lwpuk iqfyl esa Hkh rqjar ns ldrs Fks ysfdu rhuksa yEcs le; rd ekSu jgsA ,slh voLFkk esa xokg ih- MCY;w 3 lfork pUnz o ih-MCY;w 7 jk/ks'k pUnz ds ekSf[kd dFku ds laca/k esa tks lk{; nh mldks e`R;q dkfyd dFku izn'kZ Mh&31 ij fopkj djrs gq, lansgkLin c;ku dh Js.kh esa fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk ekuk x;k gSA 40- tks fof/kd vk/kkj nkSjkus cgl fo}ku vf/koDrk fuxjkuhdrkZ }kjk fy;k x;k fd e`R;q dkfyd dFku ij MkWDVj dk c;ku nsus ds fy, fQV gksus dk izek.k i= ugha gS vkSj Jherh euh"kk 100 izfr'kr rd ml le; tyh gqbZ Fkh] ml dkj.k ls og c;ku nsus ds ;ksX; ugha FkhA bl laca/k esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds U;kf;d n`"Vkar Purshottam Chopra & Anr. V. State (Govt. Of NCT Delhi) Criminal Appeal Nos. 194-195 OF 2012 date of judgment Date: 07th January, 2020 egRoiw.kZ gSA bl ekeys esa MkWDVj dk dksbZ izek.k i= ugha Fkk vkSj 100 izfr'kr cuZ dsl Fkk ml ekeys esa Hkh e`R;q dkfyd dFkuksa ij fo'okl fd;k x;k vkSj iSjk la[;k 18-2 o 21 esa fuEu fof/kd fLFkfr e`R;q dkfyd dFku ds laca/k esa Li"V dh xbZ gS %& "18.2. The Constitution Bench affirmed the view in Koli Chunilal Savji (supra) while holding that Paparambaka Rosamma (supra), was not correctly decided. The Court said,-
"5.......It is indeed a hyper technical view that the certification of the doctor was to the effect that the patient is conscious and there was no certification that the patient was in a fit state of mind especially when the Magistrate categorically stated in his evidence indicating the questions he had put to the patient and from the answers elicited was (Downloaded on 21/08/2024 at 08:44:53 PM) [2024:RJ-JD:34374] (21 of 26) [CRLR-903/1999] satisfied that the patient was in a fit state of mind whereafter he recorded the dying declaration. Therefore, the judgment of this Court in Paparambaka Rosamma v. State of A.P.(1999) 7 SCC 695 must be held to be not correctly decided and we affirm the law laid down by this Court in Koli Chunilal Savji v. State of Gujarat (1999) 9 SCC 562."
21. For what has been noticed hereinabove, some of the principles relating to recording of dying declaration and its admissibility and reliability could be usefully summed up as under:-
i) A dying declaration could be the sole basis of conviction even without corroboration, if it inspires confidence of the Court.
ii) The Court should be satisfied that the declarant was in a fit state of mind at the time of making the statement; and that it was a voluntary statement, which was not the result of tutoring, prompting or imagination.
iii) Where a dying declaration is suspicious or is suffering from any infirmity such as want of fit state of mind of the declarant or of like nature, it should not be acted upon without corroborative evidence.
iv) When the eye-witnesses affirm that the deceased was not in a fit and conscious state to make the statement, the medical opinion cannot prevail.
v) The law does not provide as to who could record dying declaration nor there is any prescribed format or procedure for the same but the person recording dying declaration must be satisfied that the maker is in a fit state of mind and is capable of making the statement
vi) Although presence of a Magistrate is not absolutely necessary for recording of a dying declaration but to ensure authenticity and credibility, it is expected that a Magistrate be requested to record such dying declaration and/or attestation be obtained from other persons present at the time of recording the dying declaration.
vii) As regards a burns case, the percentage and degree of burns would not, by itself, be decisive of the credibility of dying declaration; and the decisive factor would be the quality of evidence about the fit and conscious state of the declarant to make the statement.
viii) If after careful scrutiny, the Court finds the statement placed as dying declaration to be voluntary and also finds it coherent and consistent, there is no legal impediment in recording conviction on its basis even without corroboration."
41- ,slh voLFkk esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds iq:"kksRre pkSiM+k ¼iwoksZDr½ ds ekeys esa izfrikfnr fl)kUr ds ifjizs{; esa fo}ku vf/koDrk fuxjkuhdrkZ dk ;g rdZ pyus ;ksX; ugha gS fd ,sls e`R;q dkfyd dFku ftl ij c;ku nsus ds fy, fQV gksus dk izek.k i= ugha Fkk vkSj euh"kk 100 izfr'kr rd tyh gqbZ Fkh ml e`R;q dkfyd dFku ij fopkj djus esa fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk Hkwy dh xbZ gSA (Downloaded on 21/08/2024 at 08:44:54 PM) [2024:RJ-JD:34374] (22 of 26) [CRLR-903/1999] 42- bl ekeys esa tgka rd xSj fuxjkuhdrkZ la[;k 1@vfHk;qDr }kjk /kkjk 313 n.M izfØ;k lafgrk esa ;g ugha crk;k x;k fd euh"kk dSls tyh ml voLFkk esa /kkjk 106 lk{; vf/kfu;e ds rgr vfHk;qDr ds fo:) vijk/k gksus dh vfHk/kkj.kk dh tk;sA bl laaca/k esa vfHk;qDr }kjk loZizFke izn'kZ ih 47 bryk ?kVuk ?kfVr gksus ds 'kh?kz i'pkr fnukad 09-10-91 dks 4&5 ,,e ij nh xbZ vkSj tyus ds dkj.k dks Li"V fd;k x;k vkSj ihfM+rk us izn'kZ Mh&31 esa blls vyx dFku vo'; fd;s gSaA c;ku eqyfte esa vfHk;qDr }kjk ;g dgk x;k fd e`rdk dSls tyh mls irk ugha ftl ij fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk vius fu.kZ; ds iSjk la[;k 64 esa fopkj fd;k vkSj ;g Li"V fd;k fd U;k;ky; bl rF; dh vksj Hkh vka[k ugha ewan ldrk fd vfHk;qDr us ?kVuk ds rqjar ckn e`rdk dks vLirky igqapkus ds ckn iqfyl esa e`rdk }kjk vkRegR;k djus ds ckjs esa fjiksVZ nh ftlesa ?kVukØe dk lgt o leqfpr fooj.k mYysf[kr fd;k gSA odhyksa dh gM+rky ds dkj.k mlus c;ku eqyfte vUrxZr /kkjk 313 n.M izfØ;k lafgrk esa ,sls dFku ugha fd;s ysfdu mlds ekSu jgus ;k Li"Vhdj.k ugha nsus ls mldh vkijkf/kd eu%fLFkfr ds ckjs esa fu"d"kZ ugha fudkyk tk ldrk gSA mlds lkjs d`R;ksa ls mldk fujijk/khiu >ydrk gSA bl izdkj fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk vius fu.kZ; esa bl iz'u ij Hkh fopkj fd;k x;k gSA ,slh voLFkk esa ;g ugha ekuk tk ldrk fd /kkjk 313 n.M izfØ;k lafgrk esa fd;s x;s dFku ij fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk xkSj ugha fd;k x;k gksA 43- fo}ku vf/koDrk xSj fuxjkuhdrkZ la[;k 1@vfHk;qDr dh vksj ls viuh fyf[kr cgl esa ist la[;k 10 ds iSjk la[;k ^th^ esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds U;kf;d n`"Vkar Raja Naykar Versus State Of Chhattisgarh 2024 INSC 56 dh vksj /;ku vkdf"kZr fd;k x;k vkSj ;g rdZ izLrqr fd;k x;k fd fof/k dk ;g lqLFkkfir fl)kUr gS fd lansgizn ifjfLFkfr;ka gksus ds ckotwn Hkh nks"keqfDr ds fu.kZ; esa gLr{ksi ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS tc rd fd v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds fu"d"kZ vlaHko fu"d"kZ u gksA bl U;kf;d n`"Vkar ij esjs }kjk fopkj fd;k x;kA ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk bl U;kf;d n`"Vkar ds iSjk la[;k 9] 20 o 21 esa fuEu foospu fd;k x;k gS %& "9. It is settled law that the suspicion, however strong it may be, cannot take the place of proof beyond reasonable (Downloaded on 21/08/2024 at 08:44:54 PM) [2024:RJ-JD:34374] (23 of 26) [CRLR-903/1999] doubt. An accused cannot be convicted on the ground of suspicion, no matter how strong it is. An accused is presumed to be innocent unless proved guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.
20. As already discussed hereinabove, merely on the basis of suspicion, conviction would not be tenable. It is the duty of the prosecution to prove beyond all reasonable doubt that it is only the accused and the accused alone who has committed the crime. We find that the prosecution has utterly failed to do so.
21. Insofar as the finding of the High Court that the appellant has failed to give any explanation in his statement under Section 313 Cr. P.C. is concerned, we find that the High Court has failed to appreciate the basic principle that it is only after the prosecution discharges its duty of proving the case beyond all reasonable doubt that the false explanation or non-explanation of the accused could be taken into consideration. In any case, as held by this Court in the case of Sharad Birdhichand Sarda vs. State of Maharashtra (1984) 4 SCC 116 (supra), in a case based on circumstantial evidence, the nonexplanation or false explanation of the accused under Section 313 Cr.P.C. cannot be used as an additional link to complete the chain of circumstances. It can only be used to fortify the conclusion of guilt already arrived at on the basis of other proven circumstances."
44- mDr U;kf;d n`"Vkar ds ekeys esa ;g Li"V fl)kUr izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gS fd vfHk;qDr dks tc rd ;qfDr;qDr lansg ls ijs nks"kh ugha Bgjk fn;k tkrk rc rd vfHk;qDr funksZ"k gh le>k tk;sxkA lansgkLin ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds vk/kkj ij vfHk;qDr dks nks"kh ugha Bgjk;k tk ldrk vkSj /kkjk 313 n.M izfØ;k lafgrk esa Li"Vhdj.k ugha nsus ek= ls vfHk;kstu dksbZ ykHk izkIr ugha dj ldrkA vfHk;kstu dks viuk ekeyk ;qfDr;qDr lansg ls ijs gh lkfcr djuk gSA ,slh voLFkk esa bl ekeys esa /kkjk 313 n.M izfØ;k lafgrk ds c;ku esa ;g Li"V ugha djus ls fd e`rdk Jherh euh"kk fdl izdkj ls tyh ;g ugha ekuk tk ldrk fd vfHk;qDr vijk/kh gSA ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds jktk u;dj ¼iwoksZDr½ ds ekeys esa izfrikfnr fl)kUr ds vuqlkj vfHk;kstu i{k }kjk viuk ekeyk ;qfDr;qDr lansg ls ijs bl ekeys esa izekf.kr ugha djus ds dkj.k /kkjk 106 lk{; vf/kfu;e dk dksbZ ykHk izkIr djus dk vfHk;kstu i{k vf/kdkjh ugha gSA bl ekeys esa /kkjk 313 n.M izfØ;k lafgrk esa Li"Vhdj.k ugha nsus ek= ls vfHk;qDr ij lansg ugha fd;k tkdj v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk tks nks"keqfDr dk fu.kZ; fn;k x;k gS mlesa gLr{ksi fd;k tkuk fof/klEer izrhr ugha gksrk gSA (Downloaded on 21/08/2024 at 08:44:54 PM) [2024:RJ-JD:34374] (24 of 26) [CRLR-903/1999] 45- bl ekeys esa tgka rd fuxjkuhdrkZ }kjk viuh fuxjkuh ds ist la[;k 12 ds iSjk la[;k ^th^ esa fy;s x;s bl vk/kkj dk iz'u gS fd xokg ih-MCY;w- 32 lquhrk o ih-MCY;w- 33 v'kksd dqekj xqIrk }kjk xSj fuxjkuhdrkZ la[;k 1@vfHk;qDr }kjk tks rax ijs'kku djus dh lk{; nh xbZ Fkh mldks fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk overlook fd;k x;k gSA bl laca/k esa fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk iSjk la[;k 49 esa fopkj fd;k x;k gS vkSj ;g mYysf[kr fd;k x;k gS fd xokg ih- MCY;w 32 lquhrk o mlds ifr ih-MCY;w 33 v'kksd dqekj xqIrk] xokg ih-MCY;w 22 MkW- lUrks"k lka?kh] xokg ih-MCY;w 24 Jherh mfeZyk xqIrk] xokg ih-MCY;w 29 Jherh fou; 'kekZ lHkh ;g dFku djrs gSa fd e`rdk ds oSokfgd thou ds nkSjku mUgksaus e`rdk ds cnu ij pksVksa ds fu'kku ns[ks tks pksVksa ds fu'kku mlds ifr us ekjihV dj igqapk, D;ksafd e`rdk mUgsa crkrh fd mlds ifr 'kjkc ihrs gSa vkSj 'kjkc ds u'ks esa mlds lkFk ekjihV djrs vkSj dbZa ckj muls cksypky Hkh gksrh FkhA 46- bl laca/k esa iSjk la[;k 50 esa cpko i{k dh vksj ls tks xokgku Mh- MCY;w- 1 yxk;r Mh-MCY;w 12 }kjk tks lk{; nh xbZ mldk mYys[k djrs gq, ;g Li"V fd;k x;k fd cpko i{k dh vksj ls tks xokgku us lk{; nh mlesa ifr&iRuh ds chp e/kqj laca/k gksus ds ckjs esa] vfHk;qDr ds 'kjkc ugha ihus ds ckjs esa dgk x;k gS] mDr xokgku vfHk;qDr ds 'kjkc ugha ihus ds ckjs esa is'k fd;s x;s gSa ftUgksaus dFku fd;k gS fd mUgksaus vfHk;qDr dks dHkh 'kjkc ihrs ugha ns[kk] u gh mUgksaus bl nEifr ds chp ruko >xM+k ;k ekjihV ns[khA 47- iSjk 51 esa Hkh vfHk;kstu i{k ds xokgku] cpko i{k ds xokgku dk xaHkhjrk o lko/kkuhiwoZd euu dj fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk fu"d"kZ fudkyk x;k vkSj ;g Li"V fd;k x;k fd bu lHkh lk{;ksa ls bl laHkkouk dks rks udkjk ugha tk ldrk fd e`rdk o mlds ifr ds chp dHkh cksypky >xM+k ugha gksrk gks] bl laHkkouk ls Hkh ugha udkjk tk ldrk fd ;g cksypky dHkh ^'kVvi^ rd igqap tkrh gks ;k dHkh dHkkj e`rdk dks vfHk;qDr us lc yksxksa ds lkeus izrkfM+r Hkh fd;k gks ysfdu bu lHkh ?kVukvksa ds vk/kkj ij eSa bl fu"d"kZ ij ugha igqapk ik;k fd ;g ? kVuk bl ckr dks fl) djus ds fy, dkQh gks fd vfHk;qDr ngst dh ekax dks ysdj (Downloaded on 21/08/2024 at 08:44:54 PM) [2024:RJ-JD:34374] (25 of 26) [CRLR-903/1999] e`rdk ds lkFk nqO;Zogkj djrk gks ;k bruk gSjku] ijs'kku] izrkM+uk nsrk gks fd e`rdk dks vkRegR;k djuh iM+h gksA 48- i=koyh ij cpko i{k dh vksj ls tks xokgku izLrqr fd;s x;s gSa os LokHkkfod o vfHk;qDr ds fudV fjLrsnkj gS] blds vykok vfHk;kstu i{k yEcs le; rd vUos"k.k djus ds ckotwn Hkh ,slk dksbZ rF;] lk{; ;k ifjfLFkfr izdV ugha dj ik;k gS ftlls U;k;ky; bl fu"d"kZ ij igqaps fd ifr iRuh ds chp laca/k ngst dh ekax dks ysdj brus [kjkc gks pqds Fks] fd ekeyk ifjokj ds cM+s lnL;ksa rd igqapk gksA e`rdk us ifjokj ds lnL;ksa dks ,d= dj f'kdk;r dh gks] iap iapk;rh dh gks ;k iqfyl rd fjiksVZ dh gksA bl ekeys esa iqfyl us vfHk;qDr ds ?kj ls ,d diM+k ftlesa e`rdk dh jk[k j[kh Fkh] cjken fd;k tks jk[k vfHk;qDr }kjk iwtk esa j[kh xbZ FkhA ;fn vfHk;qDr e`rdk dks ugha pkgrk rks og e`rdk dh ;kn dks lgst dj ugha j[krkA ,slh voLFkk esa bl ekeys esa fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk xokg ih-MCY;w 32] xokg ih-MCY;w 33 ds c;kuksa ij Hkh fopkj dj viuk fu"d"kZ fudkyk gSA 49- ;g U;k;ky; fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds fu"d"kksaZ ds foijhr i=koyh ij miyC/k lk{; ds iqueZwY;kadu¼reapriciation½ dj iqu% fu"d"kZ fof/k vuq:i fudkyus ds fy, l{ke ugha gS vkSj iwoZ esa tks foospu fd;k x;k vkSj tks U;kf;d n`"Vkarks esa fl)kUr izfrikfnr fd;s x;s gSa muds ifjizs{; esa fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; fof/kfo:) ;k euekuk ugha ekuk tk ldrkA bl fu.kZ; esa fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk i=koyh ij miyC/k fdlh Hkh lk{; dks fopkj esa u fy;k gks mls bl U;k;ky; esa lkfcr djus esa fuxjkuhdrkZ vlQy jgk gSA ,slh voLFkk esa fof/k ds lqLFkkfir fl)kUr ds ifjizs{; esa fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; ds nks"keqfDr ds fu.kZ; esa fuxjkuh ds }kjk gLr{ksi fd;k tkuk U;k;ksfpr izrhr ugha gksrk gSA fuxjkuhdrkZ dh fuxjkuh [kkfjt fd;s tkus ;ksX; gSA 50- tgka rd fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk tCrlqnk vkfVZdy vius fu.kZ; ds iSjk la[;k 80 o 81 ds vuq:i fuLrkfjr djus dk vkns'k fn;k x;k mldks Hkh fuxjkuh esa pqukSarh nh xbZ gSA bl laca/k esa fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk iSjk la[;k 80 o 81 esa mYys[k djrs gq, Li"V fd;k gS fd fopkj.k ds nkSjku (Downloaded on 21/08/2024 at 08:44:54 PM) [2024:RJ-JD:34374] (26 of 26) [CRLR-903/1999] ifjoknh i{k e`rdk ds ihgj okyksa dh vksj ls bl eky dks ysus dh dksbZ izkFkZuk ugha dh xbZ gS vkSj leLr eky vfHk;qDr ds ?kj ls vfHk;qDr dh fu'kknsgh ls cjken gqvk gS] blfy, ;g eky vfHk;qDr dks ykSVk;k tkuk pkfg,A tks eky iznf'kZr fd;k x;k gS] mlds ckcr ckn xqtjus vihy fuxjkuh e;kn vfHk;qDr dks ykSVk;s tkus rFkk ftl eky dks iznf'kZr ugha fd;k x;k og vfoyEc vfHk;qDr dks ykSVk;s tkus dk vkns'k fn;k x;k lkFk gh e`rdk euh"kk dh iq=h e`rdk ds ihgj okyksa ds ikl jg jgh gksus ls mldk Hkh L=h/ku esa gd cuuk ik;s tkus ds dkj.k mlds gd dks lqjf{kr j[krs gq, nks yk[k :i;s dk ca/kukek o blh jkf'k dh ekSrchj tekur fn;s tkus dk Hkh vkns'k fn;k x;k vkSj ;g Li"V fd;k x;k fd L=h/ku esa iq=h dh vksj ls gd dh ekax djus ds ckjs esa] fdlh flfoy U;k;ky; }kjk vkns'k fn;s tkus ij og e`rdk ds L=h/ku dks e`rdk dh iq=h dks L=h/ku dh iwfrZ vfoyEc dj nsxk rks ,slk djus ij eky vfHk;qDr dks ykSVk fn;k tk,A bl ekeys esa tks vkfVZdy tCr gq, os e`rdk Jherh euh"kk dk L=h/ku gksuk fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; }kjk ekuk x;k vkSj xSj fuxjkuhdrkZ la[;k 1@vfHk;qDr dks bl ekeys esa nks"keqDr djkj fn;s tkus ls tks tCrlqnk eky vfHk;qDr dks nsus dk vkns'k fn;k x;k Fkk vkSj mlds lkFk gh e`rdk euh"kk dh iq=h ds vf/kdkjksa dh Hkh lqj{kk dh xbZ og vkns'k fof/klEer vkns'k gksus ls blesa Hkh gLrk{ksi fd;k tkuk U;k;ksfpr izrhr ugha gksrk gSA 51- vr% fuxjkuhdrkZ jk/ks'k pUnz dh fuxjkuh [kkfjt dh tkrh gS rFkk fo}ku v/khuLFk U;k;ky; vij ls'ku U;k;k/kh'k la[;k 2] mn;iqj ds vk{ksfir fu.kZ; fnukad 22-09-1999 dh iqf"V dh tkrh gSA 52- bl fuxjkuh esa ;fn dksbZ izkFkZuk i= yafcr gks rks mls Hkh fuLrkfjr le>k tkosA 53- vkns'k dh izfr ds lkFk v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dk vfHkys[k ykSVk;k tkosA (YOGENDRA KUMAR PUROHIT),J 288-SN LOHRA/-
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