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[Cites 8, Cited by 0]

Delhi District Court

Smt. Swatantra Suneja vs The State (Nct Of Delhi) on 20 August, 2016

                     IN THE COURT OF Ms. REKHA RANI 
                 DISTRICT & SESSIONS JUDGE (WEST) : DELHI

CR No. 56108/2016 (Old No. 81/16)

Smt. Swatantra Suneja,
W/o Sh. Harish Suneja,
D/o Late Sh. Chaman Lal,
R/o H.No. 2/40, Old Rajinder Nagar,
New Delhi­110060                                                                               . . . . Revisionist

Versus

      1. The State (NCT of Delhi)
      2. Sh. Anil Kumar 
         S/o Late Sh. Chaman Lal,
         Prop. Arvind Industries
         AT 4888, First Floor, Foota Road,
         Sadar Bazar, Delhi­110002

Also at:
      2521, Palam Vihar,
      Gurgaon, Haryana

      3. Sh. Sunil Arora,
         S/o Late Sh. Chaman Lal
         Prop. Chaman Paints,
         At: 7699, Subzi Mandi, Ghanta Ghar,
         G.T. Road, New Delhi.

Also at:
      SU­138, Vishakha Enclave,
      Pitampura,
      Delhi­110088                                                                       . . . . Respondents



CR No. 56108/16                                           Swatantra Suneja Vs. State & Ors.                          Page 1 of 9
 Date Of Institution                                                         :            06.06.2016
Date of reserving for order                                                 :            12.08.2016
Date of pronouncement                                                       :            20.08.2016

ORDER

1.   This order shall dispose of the revision petition filed by the revisionist   against   order   dated   08.09.2015   (in   short   'impugned order')   passed   by   Sh.   Dhirendra   Rana,     Ld.   MM­02   (West) dismissing the application under Section 156(3) of Cr.P.C. seeking directions  to  the  SHO  concerned   to  investigate  the  matter  after registration of FIR against the respondents.

2.   Trial   Court   Record   of   complaint   case   bearing   CC No.525/1/15 PS Rajouri Garden was requisitioned, received and perused.   I   have   heard   Sh.   Sunil   Lalwani,   Ld.   counsel   for revisionist and Ms. Neeta Gupta, Ld. Addl. PP for the State.

3. There   is   an   application   seeking   condonation   of   delay   in filing the instant revision petition.   The revisionist was directed to show   her   medical  record  to   the  effect  that   she   had   sustained   a fracture.   However,   no   medical   record   has   been   filed   by   the revisionist.  Ld. Addl. PP submitted that delay is not justified at all and that the revisionist has filed the instant revision petition half heartedly.   Although no sufficient explanation has been put forth on behalf of revisionist for condonation of delay, yet I am inclined to dispose off the instant revision petition on merits.

CR No. 56108/16                                           Swatantra Suneja Vs. State & Ors. Page 2 of 9

4.   The version of the revisionist in her complaint, so far as it is relevant for adjudication of the instant revision petition in nutshell, is that accused persons/respondents herein are real brothers of the revisionist.   Father   of   the   parties   allegedly   purchased   properties and after his death on 10.08.1995, the respondents got executed relinquishment   deeds   from   their   mother   and   represented themselves as the only three legal heirs having been left by the owner of the property and concealed the name of the revisionist and her sister at the time of execution of those deeds before the Sub Registrar.   It is also alleged that respondents are extending threats to the revisionist on regular basis.

5.   The revisionist has felt aggrieved that local police failed to register an FIR and investigate the matter on her complaint and her complaint made to Ld. MM for directing the police to register an FIR and carry out investigation was wrongly disallowed vide the impugned   order.   Revisionist   has   assailed   the   impugned   order interalia on the grounds that Ld. trial Court vide the impugned order has erroneously held that just because civil proceedings are pending between the parties in Civil Court, the matter is of civil nature and that nothing is sought to be recovered by the police during investigation and the revisionist is in a position to bring on record evidence against the respondents.

6.   Status Report was filed before the Ld. MM on 04.07.2015 CR No. 56108/16                                           Swatantra Suneja Vs. State & Ors. Page 3 of 9 by SI Aditya PS Rajouri Garden, wherein it is reported that matter is related to family property dispute and is civil in nature.

7.   Ld. Trial Court while placing reliance on the judgments of Subhkaran Luharuka Vs. State & Anr  ILR (2010) IV Delhi 495 rejected application under Section 156(3) Cr.P.C. of the revisionist by observing as under :­ "It   is   admitted   by   complainant   that   civil proceedings are pending between the parties in the court  of Sh. Sumedh Kumar Sethi, Ld. ACJ Cum ARC wherein present complainant is in the category of Defendant and suit has been filed for permanent   injunction   against   her,   parties   are known   to   each   other   as   accused   persons   are brothers of the complainant and nothing is sought to be recovered by the police during investigation and complainant is in position to bring on record the evidence against the accused persons, I find no   reason   to   order   for   registration   of   FIR. Keeping in view the nature of allegations and the aforesaid position of law, I am of the opinion that the   present   case   does   not   require   any investigation   by   the   police.     Accordingly,   the application   U/s   156(3)   Cr.P.C.   is   dismissed. However,   liberty   is   being   granted   to   the complainant   to   lead   pre­summoning   evidence under Section 200 Cr.P.C."

8.   Ld. Addl. PP has justified the order of the trial Court by stating that it is a property dispute between the parties and that no custodial interrogation of the respondents is required  for recovery of any incriminating evidence or discovery of any facts. 

CR No. 56108/16                                           Swatantra Suneja Vs. State & Ors. Page 4 of 9

9. In  Subhkaran Luharuka vs. State ILR (2010) IV Delhi 495 after going through a catena of judgments of the Apex Court and other superior Courts, the Hon'ble High Court of Delhi laid down the guidelines for the subordinate Courts when to resort to Section 156(3) Cr.P.C. which are as under :­

(i)  Whenever   a   Magistrate   is   called   upon   to pass orders under  Section 156(3)  of the Code, at the outset, the Magistrate should ensure that before coming to the Court, the Complainant did approach the police officer in charge of the Police Station having jurisdiction over the area for recording the information   available   with   him   disclosing   the commission   of   a   cognizable   offence   by   the person/persons   arrayed   as   an   accused   in   the Complainant.   It   should   also   be   examined   what action was taken by the SHO, or even by the senior officer   of   the   Police,   when   approached   by   the Complainant under Section 154(3) of the Code. 

(ii)  The   Magistrate   should   then   form   his   own opinion   whether   the   facts   mentioned   in   the complaint   disclose   commission   of   cognizable offences   by   the   accused   persons   arrayed   in   the Complaint which can be tried in his jurisdiction. He should also satisfy himself about the need for investigation   by   the   Police   in   the   matter.   A preliminary enquiry as this is permissible even by an SHO and if no such enquiry has been done by the SHO, then it is all the more necessary for the Magistrate   to   consider   all   these   factors.   For   that purpose, the Magistrate must apply his mind and such application of mind should be reflected in the Order   passed   by   him.   Upon   a   preliminary CR No. 56108/16                                           Swatantra Suneja Vs. State & Ors. Page 5 of 9 satisfaction,   unless   there   are   exceptional circumstances to be recorded in writing`, a status report   by   the   police   is   to   be   called   for   before passing final orders. 

iii)  The   Magistrate,   when   approached   with   a Complaint under  Section 200  of the Code,  should invariably   proceed   under   Chapter   XV   by   taking cognizance of  the Complaint, recording evidence and   then   deciding   the   question   of   issuance   of process   to   the   accused.   In   that   case   also,   the Magistrate is fully entitled to postpone the process if it  is felt that there is a necessity to call for  a police report under Section 202 of the Code. 

(iv)     Of   course,   it   is   open   to   the   Magistrate   to proceed under Chapter XII of the Code when an application under Section 156 (3) of the Code is also   filed   along   with   a   Complaint   under   Section 200 of the Code if the Magistrate decides not to take cognizance of the Complaint. However, in that case, the Magistrate, before passing any order to proceed under Chapter XII, should not only satisfy himself   about   the   pre­requisite   as   aforesaid,   but, additionally, he should also be satisfied that it is necessary   to   direct   Police   investigation   in   the matter for collection of evidence which is neither in   the  possession   of   the   complainant  nor   can   be produced by the witnesses on being summoned by the Court at the instance of complainant, and the matter is such which calls for investigation by a State agency. The Magistrate must pass an order giving   cogent   reasons   as   to   why   he   intends   to proceed under Chapter XII instead of Chapter XV of the Code."

CR No. 56108/16                                           Swatantra Suneja Vs. State & Ors. Page 6 of 9

10.  Thus,   the  Magistrate   is  not  supposed  to  act  mechanically and   direct   registration   of   an   FIR   in   each   and   every   case   in   a routine and casual manner. Criminal law is not expected to be set into   motion   on   the   mere   asking   of   a   party.   The   power   under Section 156(3) of Cr.P.C. has to be exercised with care and caution and not mechanically on the mere filing of a complaint alleging that the police has failed to register an FIR.

11.  Ld.   Magistrate   rightly   refused   to   direct   registration   of   an FIR   and   took   cognizance   of   the   offence   under   Section   200   of Cr.P.C.  I concur with findings of Ld. Trial Court. The identity of the persons involved is well known. No custodial interrogation is required for recovery of any article or discovery of any fact.  It is a civil dispute. 

12. There   is   presently   no   need   for   field   investigation   by   the police. If any need were to be noticed for such investigation in any specific area of dispute, the Ld. Magistrate can always resort to power available under Section 202 of the Cr.P.C. at a proper stage.

13.  In  Subhkaran   Luharuka   (supra),   the   Hon'ble   Delhi   High Court specifically dealt with the question how and when powers under Section 156(3) Cr.P.C. are to be exercised by a Magistrate and after discussing a number of Apex Court judgments on the CR No. 56108/16                                           Swatantra Suneja Vs. State & Ors. Page 7 of 9 said   question,   issued   guidelines   (in   para   52A   of   the   judgment reproduced   above)   for   subordinate   judicial   officers   "to   prevent parties from misusing the process of law [Section 156(3) CrPC]"

(para 93 of the judgment).

14.  In Indian Oil Corpn. vs. NEPC India Ltd. (2006) 6 SCC 736, the   Hon'ble   Apex   Court   deprecated   the   growing   tendency   to convert civil disputes into criminal cases and it was observed :­ "While on this issue, it is necessary to take notice of   a   growing   tendency   in   business   circles   to convert  purely civil disputes into criminal cases. This   is   obviously   on   account   of   a   prevalent impression   that   civil   law   remedies   are   time consuming   and   do   not   adequately   protect   the interests of lenders/ creditors. Such a tendency is seen   in   several   family   disputes   also,   leading   to irretrievable   break   down   of   marriages/   families. There is also an impression that if a person could somehow be entangled in a criminal prosecution, there is a likelihood of imminent settlement. Any effort to settle civil disputes and claims, which do not   involve   any   criminal   offence,   by   applying pressure   though   criminal   prosecution   should   be deprecated and discouraged." 

15.   Hon'ble Apex Court in Kishan Lal vs. Dharmendra Batra & Anr., 2009 (9) SCALE 768  ruled that the revisional Court should not   ordinarily   interfere   with   the   discretionary   jurisdiction exercised by a Magistrate unless a jurisdictional or legal error of law is noticed. 

CR No. 56108/16                                           Swatantra Suneja Vs. State & Ors. Page 8 of 9

16.  In view of the facts and circumstances of the case, the view taken   by   the   Ld.   MM   (West)   in   the   impugned   order   dated 08.09.2015 does not suffer from any jurisdictional or legal error and   is   in   conformity   with   the   guidelines   laid   down   in   the judgments   of   the   Superior   Courts   as   discussed   above   and cognizance   of   the   offence   has   been   taken   under   Section   200 Cr.P.C. for redressal of the complainant's grievances.  The instant revision petition is thus dismissed.

Trial   Court  Record  be  sent   back  along  with  copy  of   this order to the Ld. Trial Court. 

  Revisionist is directed to appear before the Ld. Trial Court on 22.08.2016 at  2.00 PM.

  Revision file be consigned to Record Room. 

Announced in open Court                          ( Rekha Rani )
dated, the 20th day of                       District & Sessions Judge (West)
August, 2016.                                    Tis Hazari Courts, Delhi




CR No. 56108/16                                           Swatantra Suneja Vs. State & Ors.   Page 9 of 9