Legal Document View

Unlock Advanced Research with PRISMAI

- Know your Kanoon - Doc Gen Hub - Counter Argument - Case Predict AI - Talk with IK Doc - ...
Upgrade to Premium
[Cites 14, Cited by 0]

Custom, Excise & Service Tax Tribunal

Natwar Lal Sharda vs New Delhi on 6 April, 2026

 CUSTOMS, EXCISE AND SERVICE TAX APPELLATE TRIBUNAL
                                    NEW DELHI

                           PRINCIPAL BENCH - COURT NO. I

                    EXICSE APPEAL NO. 50198 OF 2025

(Arising out of Order-in-Original No. 144/2024-CE dated 27.09.2024 passed by the
Additional Director of General (Adjudication), New Delhi)

Shri Natwar Lal Sharda,                                        .....Appellant
M-38-39, Mahesh Colony,
Near Tonk Phatak,
Jaipur - 302015

                                          VERSUS

Additional Director of General                                 .....Respondent
(Adjudication)
West Block VIII Wing-6,
2nd Floor, R.K. Puram,
New Delhi

APPEARANCE:
Shri J.C. Patel and Shri Nilesh Choudhary, Advocates for the Appellant
Shri P.R.V. Ramanan, Special Counsel for the Department

                                          WITH

                    EXICSE APPEAL NO. 50082 OF 2025

(Arising out of Order-in-Original No. 144/2024-CE dated 27.09.2024 passed by the
Additional Director of General (Adjudication), New Delhi)

The Commissioner,                                              .....Appellant
CGST & Central Excise,
GST Building, Dhamtari Road, Tikrapara,
Raipur (C.G.) - 492001

                                          VERSUS

Shri Natwar Lal Sharda,                                        .....Respondent
M-38-39, Mahesh Colony,
Near Tonk Phatak,
Jaipur - 302015 & others

APPEARANCE:
Shri P.R.V. Ramanan, Special Counsel for the Department

Shri J.C. Patel and Shri Nilesh Choudhary, Advocates for the Respondent

CORAM:       HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE DILIP GUPTA, PRESIDENT
             HON'BLE MR. P.V. SUBBA RAO, MEMBER (TECHNICAL)
                                         2
                                                                E/50198/2025 &
                                                                  E/50082/2025

                                              Date of Hearing: 19.02.2026
                                              Date of Decision: 06.04.2026


                 FINAL ORDER NO's. 50669-50670/2026


JUSTICE DILIP GUPTA:


      Excise Appeal No. 50198 of 2025 has been filed by Natwar Lal

Sharda 1 to assail that portion of the order dated 27.09.2024 passed by

the Additional Director General (Adjudication), West Block VIII Wing-6, 2nd

Floor, R.K. Puram, New Delhi 2 that confirms the imposition of central

excise duty upon him under section 11A(10) of the Central Excise Act,

1944 3 for the period from April, 2016 to January, 2017 with interest and

penalty after invoking the extended period of limitation contemplated

under section 11A(4) of the Central Excise Act. The order also confiscates

the pan masala and gutkha that were seized under Panchnama dated

30.01.2017 under rule 25 of the Central Excise Rules 2002 4 read with rule

18 of the Pan Masala Packing Machines (Capacity Determination and

Collection of Duty) Rules 2008 5. The order, however, drops the demand of

central excise duty for the period from April, 2015 to March, 2016.

2.    Excise Appeal No. 50082 of 2025 has been filed by the

department to assail that portion of the order dated 27.09.2024 passed by

the Additional Director General that drops the demand of central excise

duty raised against the appellant for the earlier period from April, 2015 to

March, 2016.

3.    The main issue that arises for consideration in the appeal filed by

the appellant is whether the appellant is the "manufacturer" of pan masala


1.    the appellant
2.    the Additional Director General
3.    the Central Excise Act
4.    the 2002 Rules
5.    the 2008 Rules
                                         3
                                                                    E/50198/2025 &
                                                                      E/50082/2025

and gutkha alleged to have been clandestinely manufactured in and

cleared from an unregistered factory located at Khasra No. 1340, Village

Balenga, District Bastar, during the period April, 2016 to January, 2017

and consequently, whether the demand for duty on such goods with

interest from the appellant and imposition of penalty on the appellant are

sustainable in law.

4.    The appellant is the Managing Director of Sanwaria Sweets P. Ltd.,

Jaipur, which is engaged in production and sale of sweets, namkeen and

bakery products. The appellant is also the proprietor of a firm Sharda Food

Products having factory at E-1005, RICO Industrial Area, Phase-III, Jaipur,

which the appellant had let out to S.S. Industries, Jaipur, whose proprietor

is Ram Charan Badaya. The said S.S. Industries, Jaipur, manufactured,

pan masala and gutkha under the brand name "Nazar". The registered

proprietor of the said brand name "Nazar" was originally Ashish Sharda,

nephew of the appellant, who in 2006 assigned the said brand name to

Siddheshwar Tobacco Products Ltd, Pandhurna, M.P., in which the nephew

of the appellant, Mukesh Sharda, was a Director. Siddheshwar Tobacco

Products Ltd had given license/franchise to S.S. Industries, Jaipur, for use

of the said brand name "Nazar". Siddheshwar Tobacco Products Ltd had

also given license/franchise to Siddheshwar Fragrances P. Ltd., Jaipur, for

use of the said brand name "Nazar" in respect of pan masala and gutkha.

5.    It is the case of the department, acting on intelligence received by

Director   General    of   Central   Excise   Intelligence,   New   Delhi,   that

manufacture and clandestine clearance of pan masala and gutkha was

being undertaken at an unregistered factory located at Khasra No. 1340,

Village Balenga, District Bastar. Search was carried out at the said factory
                                     4
                                                              E/50198/2025 &
                                                                E/50082/2025

on 30.01.2017 in the presence of two Panchas and it was recorded in a

Panchnama dated 30.01.2017.

6.   The Panchnama records that ten Fill Form Seal 6 machines were

found installed in the said factory, out of which nine machines were in

working condition. Two mixers, one coating machine, one separator

machine, one chakri, three large weighing machines, two small weighing

machines and one heater were also found. The Panchnama also records

that about 30 workers were found working in the factory engaged in

packing of pan masala pouches. As per the Panchnama, raw materials,

namely, cut supari, katha powder, perfume, menthol, glycerine and mixed

compound were found in the said factory and finished goods in plastic

bags as detailed in the Panchnama were also found. Packing material for

the brands, Nazar, Vachan, Virat, Bajirao and Nagpuri were also found.

The Panchnama also records that one Nitin Sabaghchandani, who was

present in the factory, stated that his brother-in-law Rajkumar Menghani

gave him instructions for day to day business of the factory and that the

appellant was the actual beneficiary of the business of the said factory

who gave telephonic instructions to Rajkumar Menghani. The Panchnama

also records that samples from the finished goods were drawn under Test

Memo dated 30.01.2017. A hand written pocket diary was also recovered

during the search. Three mobile phones were also resumed during the

search.

7.   The ten FFS machines were sealed and placed under seizure. The

other machines and goods were handed over to Seikh Imran, who was the

owner of the land on which the said factory was located and is also




6.   FFS
                                     5
                                                                 E/50198/2025 &
                                                                   E/50082/2025

claimed to be a worker in the factory under a Supurdnama dated

30.01.2017.

8.    A second Panchnama was also drawn on 24.01.2018 in which the

same Panchas were witnesses.

9.    Statements    dated    30.01.2017    and      31.01.2017     of    Nitin

Sabaghchandani were recorded. Nitin Sabaghchandani retracted his

statements by a letter dated 08.04.2017. He was then called on

02.06.2017 by Deputy Director (Investigation) to make his submissions,

to which he replied by a letter dated 01.06.2017.

10.   Statements of Rajkumar Menghani were recorded on 30.01.2017,

26.08.2017, 03.01.2018 and 04.01.2018.

11.   Statement of Yogesh Talreja was recorded on dated 11.05.2017.

12.   Statements of the appellant were also recorded on 30.01.2017 and

27.08.2017. The appellant was arrested on 27.08.20217 and the appellant

filed his retraction of the said statement dated 27.08.2017 by a letter

addressed to the Chief Metropolitan Magistrate, Patiala, New Delhi which

was forwarded to Directorate of Central Excise Intelligence 7 by the

department. In view of the said retraction, further statement of the

appellant was recorded on 15.09.2017. Statements of the appellant were

also recorded on 22.09.2017, 05.12.2017, 07.12.2017, 07.01.2020 and

10.01.2020.

13.   Statements of Mukesh (alias Dilip) Agarwal were recorded on

16.06.2017, 26.08.2017, 27.08.20177, 19.09.2017 and 04.12.2017.

14.   Statements of Naveen Agarwal, Proprietor of Avtar Traders (supplier

of menthol) were recorded on 26.08.2017, 19.09.2017 and 21.09.2017.




7.    DCEI
                                        6
                                                                  E/50198/2025 &
                                                                    E/50082/2025

15.   Statement of Santosh Kumar Tripathi, Partner of Pragati Road

Carriers, Bhalswa Dairy, Delhi was recorded on 12.09.2017.

16.   Statement of Devender Singh, Owner of Nagpur Delhi Transport Co.

P. Ltd, was recorded on 11.09.2017.

17.   Statement of Pravin Ishwar Tagde, Supervisor of Doble Goods

Garage, Wadi, Nagpur was recorded on 28.09.2017.

18.   Statement of Mithilesh Yadavraoji Doble, proprietor of Doble Goods

Carriage, Nagpur was recorded on 28.09.2017.

19.   Statement of Pankaj Somani, ex-employee of the appellant was

recorded on 11.09.2017.

20.   Statement of Saurabh Ravjibhai Patel (supplier of tobacco) was

recorded on 26.08.2017.

21.   Statement of Mehboob Gaud was recorded on 23.09.2017.

22.   Statements   of   Jai   Tahiliani,   were   recorded   on   13.04.2017,

18.03.2019 and 22.05.2019.

23.   Statement of Rakesh Rajendra Prasad Baid, partner of Jain Brothers,

Nagpur, was recorded on 27.08.2017.

24.   Statement of Shantilal Baid of Jain Supari Centre, Nagpur, was

recorded on 27.08.2017.

25.   Statement of Manoj Kumar Suarana of Surana Supari Centre,

Nagpur, was recorded on 27.08.2017.

26.   Statement of Rajendra Prasad Baid of Jain Brothers/Jain Supari

Centre, was recorded on 23.05.2019.

27.   Statement of Manjokumar Surana of Suarana Supari Centre was

recorded on 23.05.2019.

28.   Statements of Parichay Lalit Vigh, Partner of Dynasty Aromas,

Mumbai were recorded on 29.09.2017, 13.10.2017 and 16.10.2017.
                                         7
                                                                      E/50198/2025 &
                                                                        E/50082/2025

29.   Statements of Dhananjay Singh, Senior Divisional Manager, Sales

and   Marketing    of   Montage    Enterprises    P.   Ltd,   were   recorded   on

30.11.2017 and 11.12.2018.

30.   Statement of Manoj Dubey, Employee of Dixit Roadlines, Jagdalpur,

Bastar, was recorded on 30.01.2017.

31.   Statement of Santosh Kumar Dixit, Proprietor of Dixit Road Lines

was recorded on 08.03.2017.

32.   It is on the basis of the aforesaid statements and the private diaries

recovered that the show cause notice dated 28.12.2020 was issued by the

Principal Additional Director General alleging that the appellant was

engaged in the manufacture of pan masala and gutkha through 9 pouch

making machines found in factory premises situated at Khasra No.1340,

Village Balenga, District Bastar, Chattisgarh. It called upon the appellant

to show cause as to why:

      (i)    Central excise duty amounting to Rs.477,32,30,000/- for

             the period April, 2015 to January, 2017, should not be

             demanded and recovered from the appellant under section

             11A (4) of the Central Excise Act read with rule 9, rule 17

             (2) and rule 18 of the 2008 Rules;

      (ii)   Interest at applicable rate, should not be demanded and

             recovered from the appellant on the said duty in terms of

             rules 9 and 18 of the 2008 Rules; and

      (iii) Penalty should not be imposed on the appellant in terms

             of rules 17 (1) and 18 of the 2008 Rules read with section

             11AC of the Central Excise Act and rule 25 of the Central

             Excise Rules.
                                           8
                                                                          E/50198/2025 &
                                                                            E/50082/2025

33.   The appellant denied the allegations made in the show cause notice

by replies dated 30.11.2023 and 16.05.2024 stating:

      (i)     That the statements recorded under section 14 of the

              Central Excise Act could not have been relied upon as the

              procedure contemplated in section 9D of the Central

              Excise Act had not been followed;

      (ii)    That opportunity of cross-examination of all such persons

              whose statements had been relied upon in the show cause

              notice should be provided to the appellant;

      (iii)   The   Panchnamas    dated   30.01.2017      and   24.01.2018

              claimed to be drawn at the factory at Khasra No.1340,

              Balenga, Bastar, cannot be relied upon;

      (iv)    There is no evidence to establish that the appellant is the

              manufacturer   of   the   goods   alleged   to    have   been

              manufactured and clandestinely removed in the said

              factory; and

      (v)     Without prejudice to the above, in any event, the

              quantification of the alleged demand is untenable in law.


34.   The two Panch witnesses, Dilip Kumar and Sheikh Shabbir Ali,

named in the Panchnamas dated 30.01.2017 and 24.01.2018 drawn at

factory located at Khasra No.1340, Village Balenga, District Bastar, whose

cross-examination was sought by the appellant, failed to appear before

the adjudicating authority despite being summoned by letters dated

23.02.2024, 26.02.2024, 08.03.2024, 05.04.2024 and 26.04.2024. The

department had also not produced the said Panch witnesses and had not

examined them.

35.   The Additional Director General passed an order 27.09.2024

confirming the demand for central excise against the appellant for the
                                                9
                                                                                   E/50198/2025 &
                                                                                     E/50082/2025

period April, 2016 to January, 2017 and dropped the remaining demand

for the earlier period from April, 2015 to March, 2016. The order also

directs for payment of interest on the said confirmed duty amount under

section 11AA of the Central Excise Act and also imposes penalty on the

appellant equal to the said duty amount under section 11AC of the Central

Excise Act read with rules 17 (1) and 18 of the 2008 Rules.

36.   In respect to non-compliance of the provisions of section 9D of the

Central Excise Act, the Additional Director General observed:

                  "In this regard, I find that there is settle law
              that the cross-examination can be allowed after
              considering the circumstantial evidence, but the
              adjudicating authority is not bound to allow
              cross-examination           is       a    useful    procedural
              mechanism to arrive at the fact, but at the same
              time, cross-examination before a quasi-judicial
              authority is fraught with the very real possibility
              of its misuse. It is reasonably expected that when
              cross    examination        takes        place   after   a    long
              passage of time, the chances are bright that the
              person concerned has been persuaded to change
              his mind and statement. The relevance of the cross-
              examination sought has to be carefully examined in
              context of the case and importantly in the back through
              of the legally acceptable records such as Panchnama,
              statements,    etc.   The    instant       case    pertains     to
              evasion of huge amount of Central Excise duty
              and the Noticee(s) have not provided any specific
              reason        to      cross-examine/examine                    the
              persons/witnesses       under            Section   9D    of    the
              Central Excise Act, 1944, etc, whose statements
              have been relied in the impugned SCN.

                  I observed that cross-examination is required to be
              decided by the adjudicating authority on case to case
              basis, depending upon the facts and circumstances of
              the case. *****

              *****
                                             10
                                                                                E/50198/2025 &
                                                                                  E/50082/2025

                  In view of above, I am of the opinion that
              there   is    no   justification   for    allowing     cross-
              examination/examination to all the witnesses
              and officers who have recorded the statements of
              the witnesses in this case and disallow the
              request of the Noticee(s) for valid reasons and
              the same can not be viewed as denial of natural
              justice to the noticee(s)."

                                                 (emphasis supplied)


37.   The   Additional      Director   General       then     examined         whether    the

appellant manufactured pan masala and gutkha in the unregistered factory

premise at Khasra No. 1340, Village Balenga, and removed the same in a

clandestine manner and the findings are:

              "A.6.         From the records, I find that the officers
              had interrogated Sh. Nitin Sabhagchandani, Sh. Sheikh
              Imran, Sh. Surendra Batra, Production Supervisor, Sh.
              Vinod   Kumar      Savita,   working     as   Expert   Misture
              Preparer of Pan masala, Sh. Shiv Kumar Maurya,
              Expert Mixture Preparer of Pan masala who were found
              present and working in the said unregistered factory
              premises during search conducted on 30.01.2017 under
              Panchnama proceedings and the officers had recorded
              their statements under Section 14 of the Central Excise
              Act, 1944."


38.   The Additional Director General then considered the statements of

Nitin Sabhagchandani, Sheikh Imran, Vinod Kumar Savita, Manoj Kumar

Dubey; the statements Proprietor, Partner, concerned person of M/s.

Pragati Road Carriers, M/s. Nagpur Delhi Transport Company Pvt. Ltd.,

M/s. Jai Maharashtra Cargo Movers, M/s. Doble Goods Carrage, Nagpur,

M/s. Vidya Sagar Roadways, Nagpur; the statements of suppliers of raw

material, namely, Parichay Lalit Vigh, Partner, M/s. Dynasty Aromas,

Andheri (W) Mumbai (Perfumery supplier), Dhananjay Sing, Sr. Divisional

Manager, Sales and Marketing of M/s. Montage Enterprises Pvt. Ltd.,
                                              11
                                                                                 E/50198/2025 &
                                                                                   E/50082/2025

Noida, Manoj Kumar Indrachand Surana, Nagpur, Rajendra Prasad Baid,

Partner of M/s Jain Brothers, Nagpur; the statement of Anil Pritwani,

Proprietor of M/s. Mohit Traders, Raipur, buyers of furnished goods

manufactured in the unregistered factory; and the statement of Rajkumar

Menghani and of the appellant. All these statements were recorded under

section 14 of the Central Excise Act. The following findings were then

recorded by the Additional Director General:

             "A.2.       At the time of search, 10 Fill Form Seal
             (FFS)    Pouch     Packing          Machines       were    found
             installed in the said factory premises at Khasra
             No.     1340,      Village          Balenga,       Distt.-Bastar,
             Chhattisgarh by the officers of DGGI. Out of said
             10 FFS Pouch Packing Machines, 09 were found
             operative and engaged in packing/production of
             Pan Masala and Pan Masala containing tobacco
             (Gutkha).    The     officers       found   that    30    workers
             (approximately) were working in the said unregistered
             factory premises and engaged in packing of Pan Masala
             Pouches/Gutkha with aid of said FFS pouch packing
             machines of various brands, namely, Nazar, Vachan,
             Virat, Baji Rao, Nagpuri, etc. The officers found
             during   search      that       a    person,       namely,   Sh.
             Sabhagchandani is supervising the manufacturing
             activities who informed them that his brother-in-
             law, Sh. Rajkumar Menghani @ Raju instructs him
             for carrying out the day-to-day business of the
             factory. Sh. Sabhagchandan also informed the
             officers that the actual beneficiary of this activity
             is Sh. Natwar lal Sharda who manufactures Nazar
             brand of Pan Masala in his factory, M/s S.S.
             Industries situated at E 1005, Sitapura Industrial
             Area, Phase-III, Jaipur.

             A.3.        In the said unregistered factory premises,
             the DGGI officers recovered substantial quanity of raw
             materials, such as, Cut supari packed in 121 gunny
             bags totally weighing 6776 Kgs., 75 plastic bags of
             Kattha powder weighing 1875 Kgs, 6 drums of Perfume
                                  12
                                                                           E/50198/2025 &
                                                                             E/50082/2025

containing 25 Kgs. each, 35 Kgs. of Menthol, 120 Kgs.
Glycerin      (01   drum)      and    27   plastic     bags     of   Mix
compound containing 60 Kgs. each (totally weighting
1620 Kgs.). During search, the officers also found
packing materials, viz. 100 rolls of Nazar Pan Masala of
MRP Rs. 2, 40 rolls of Nazar Pan Masala of MRP Rs.1,
150 rolls of Nazar premium Gutkha (without MRP), 75
rolls of Nazar Gutkha of MRP Rs. 1, 120 rolls of Vachan
Premium (without MRP), 300 rolls of Barirao premium
of MRP Rs. 2 & 2 rolls of Nagpuri Prenium (without
MRP). In addition to 10 FFS Pouch Packing Machines
(PPM), the officers also found and recovered some
other machines, such as, 02 nos. of Mixer, Coating
machine-1, Separator machine-01, Chakri-01, Weighing
machines (Large)-3, Weighing machines (small)-2 and
Heatcr-01. Apart from this, the DGGI officers recovered
huge quantity of finished goods, such as, 18,69,000
pouches (108 bags) of Nazar Premium Gutkha, Nazar
Pan     Masala-11,89,500        pouches         (62    bags),    Nazar
Premimum Pan Masala-3,99,750 pouches (23 bags),
Nazar Premium Gutkha-16,380 pouches (2 bags),
Vachan Premimum Pan Masala- 84,500 pouches (10
bags), Virat Premimum 2,520 pouches (01 bag) & Baji
Rao Premium-18,000 pouches (6 bags) totally valued at
Rs. 59,71,800/- from the said unregistered factory
premises       during     search      on        30.01.2017       under
Panchnama proceedings.

A.4.           Similarly, the officers resumed a Pocket
diary Spiral Pad No. 2 containing pages 1 to 73
giving     details      of     inward      of     raw    materials,
outwards of finished goods as well as the stock
lying    in     the     factory.      The       said    diary        was
written/maintained by Sh. Raj Kumar, one of
worker/labourer           of    the    unregistered           factory.
These details include date and year, name of brands in
coded form, quantity in bags, etc. *****

*****

A.11.          From the statement dated 27.08.2017
of Sh. Natwar Lal Sharda, I find that he has
accepted that he had purchased tobacco valued at
Rs. 2.5 crores from Sh. Saurabh Patel in 2016 on
                                 13
                                                                          E/50198/2025 &
                                                                            E/50082/2025

cash payment. He has clearly accepted that Sh.
Naveen Agrawal supplied Menthol from Delhi to
Raipur on his direction and perfumery, tobacco
were supplied by Sh. Mukesh Agrawal @ Dilip
Agarwal up to Pandhurna and thereafter the same
were    sent       from   Pandhurna          to   Bastaron         his
directions. He admitted that he was controlling
the    unregistered       factory         located     at       village-
Belenga, Distt.-Bastar through his employees,
namely Sh. Mukesh Agrawal @ Dilip Agarwal and
Sh. Mukesh Agrawal & Sh. Rajkumar Menghani. I
find that Sh. Natwar Lal Sharda in his statement
dated 10.01.2020 has agreed with the statement
dated 26.08.2017 of Shri Saurabh Ravjibhai Patel
(RUD-50),      statements          dated     19.09.2017            and
21.09.2017 of Shri Naveen Kumar Agrawal (RUD-
131     &    136     respectively),        statements           dated
23.09.2017 and 19.05.2019 of Shri Memood Gaur,
statements dated 26.09.2017 and 11.03.2019 of
Shri Surendra Kumar Gupta (RUD-157 & 210
respectively), statements dated 28.09.2017 and
06.11.2017 of Shri Anil BabuLal Jain (RUD-166 &
186 respectively), statement dated 29.09.2017,
13.10.2017 and 16.10.2017 of Shri Parichay Lalit
Vigh    (RUD-171,         174        &     175    respectively),
statement      dated      11.11.2017         of     Shri       Mahesh
Chawla (RUD-191), statements dated 31.11.2017
and 11.12.2018 of Shri Dhananjay Singh (RUD-
193     &    208     respectively),         statement           dated
04.12.2017 of Shri Mukesh Agrawal (RUD-197
Supra), statement dated 05.12.2017 of Shri Ajay
Sharda (RUD-83), statement dated 27.12.2017 of
Shri Vijay Kumar Saaboo (RUD-203), statements
dated       03.01.2018       and         04.01.2018        of     Shri
Rajkumar           Menghani          (RUD-206              &      207
respectively), statements dated 18.03.2019 and
22.05.2019 of Shri Jai Tahiliani. Further, I find
from the impugned SCN(s) that the Noticee, Sh.
Natwar       Lal    Sharda    in     his    statement           dated
10.01.2020 has admitted that ownership of the
said unregistered factory at Bastar. From the
impugned SCN, I find that the Noticee had deposited
cash of Rs. 89.54 cores in his name and his son, Sh.
                                            14
                                                                            E/50198/2025 &
                                                                              E/50082/2025

             Ajay Sharda and wife Smt. Mamta Sharda's name
             during demonetization (notebandi) period.

             *****

             A.14.      From the above discussions, evidences
             in the form of resumed documents placed before
             me and the statements of the concerned persons
             recorded under section 14 of the Central Excise
             Act, 1944, I hold that the unaccounted Pan
             Masala    and       Pan   Masala      containing     tobacco
             (Gutkha) have been manufactured in the said
             unregistered premises situated at Khasra No.
             1340,      Village         Balenga,       Distt.      Bastar
             (Chhattisgarh) by the Noticee, Sh. Natwar Lal
             Sharda with the help of his S/Sh. Rajkumar
             Menghani        @     Raju     Menghani,       Sh.     Nitin
             Sabhagchandani and other persons/employees
             without    obtaining         required     Central     Excise
             registration    and       cleared   the    same      without
             bills/invoices and without payment of Central
             Excise Duty."

                                                   (emphasis supplied)


39.   The Additional Director General, thereafter, examined whether the

appellant was liable to pay central excise duty for the period 01.04.2015

to 30.01.2017 by invoking the extended period of limitation contemplated

under section 11A(4) of the Central Excise Act and held that the extended

period of limitation was correctly invoked. However, the demand for the

period from April, 2015 to March, 2016 was dropped for the reason that

no evidence had been produced by the department to establish the usage

of the generator set for manufacturing pan masala/gutkha during the

period prior to April, 2016. Demand of central excise duty, however, for

the period from April, 2016 to January, 2017 was confirmed.

40.   Shri J.C. Patel, learned counsel for the appellant assisted by Shri

Nilesh Choudhary made the following submissions:
                                           15
                                                                       E/50198/2025 &
                                                                         E/50082/2025

      (i)    The   Panchnamas     dated   30.01.2017   and   24.01.2018

             claimed to be drawn at Khasra No. 1340, Village Balenga,

             District Bastar, are ex-facie unreliable. In first instance,

             the Panchas are not inhabitants of the locality and

             secondly the Panch witnesses were not examined. In

             support of this contention, reliance has been placed on

             the following decisions:

             (a) Pradeep Narayan Madgaonkar & ors. vs. State
                   of Maharashtra 8;
             (b) Commissioner of Central Excise, Kanpur vs.
                   Bakul Poly Pack Pvt. Ltd. 9;
             (c) Yeduru Sreenivasulu Reddy vs. State of Andhra
                   Pradesh 10;
             (d) Meenu Paper Mills Pvt. Ltd. vs. C.C.E. & S.T.-
                   Meerut-I 11;
             (e) Arya Bhushan Bhandar vs. Union of India 12;
             (f)   Kamlesh Gupta vs. Commissioner of Customs
                   (Preventive), Lucknow 13;
             (g) Union of India vs. Kisan Ratan Singh 14

      (ii)   Statements recorded under section 14 of the Central

             Excise Act cannot be considered as relevant as the

             persons whose statements have been relied upon were

             not examined in the adjudication proceeding as required

             by section 9D of the said Central Excise Act and

             opportunity of cross-examination was not granted to the

             appellant. In support of this contention, reliance has been

             placed on the following judgments:




8.    Criminal Appeal No. 906 of 1994 decided on 12.05.1995 (SC)
9.    2018 (363) ELT 376
10.   Criminal Revision Case No. 558 of 1999 decided on 27.11.2001 (AP)
11.   Excise Appeal No. 70392 of 2018 decided on 23.04.2019 (Tri.-Allahabad)
12.   2002 (143) E.L.T. 25 (SC)
13.   2023 (386) E.L.T. 581
14.   2020 (372) E.L.T. 714
                                                   16
                                                                                        E/50198/2025 &
                                                                                          E/50082/2025

              (a) M/s         Surya      Wires         Pvt.    Ltd.     vs.     Principal
                      Commissioner, CGST, Raipur 15;
              (b) Ambika International vs. Union of India 16;
              (c) Hi Tech Abrasives Ltd. vs. Commissioner of C.
                      Ex. & Cus., Raipur 17;
              (d) Additional Director General (Adjudication) vs.
                      Its My Name Pvt. Ltd. 18;
              (e) Arjun Amla vs. Commissioner of Customs, ICD,
                      Tughlakabad, New Delhi 19;

      (iii)   The data extracted in the form of computer printouts,

              after    cloning    of    electronic      devises,       namely,     mobile

              phones,     laptops,      pen     drives,       hard    disk    drives   are

              inadmissible       in    evidence    for      non-compliance        of   the

              requirements of section 36B of the Central Excise Act. In

              support of this contention, reliance has been placed on

              the decisions of the Tribunal in M/s. Composite Impex

              vs. Principal Commissioner of Customs (Import),

              New Delhi 20 and M/s. Trikoot Iron & Steel Casting

              Ltd.      vs.   Additional          Director           General     (Adjn.)

              Directorate             General          of      GST           Intelligence

              (Adjudication Cell) 21;

      (iv)    Private diaries of third persons cannot be relied upon

              against the appellant, particularly when these persons

              have not been examined and opportunity to cross-

              examine them has not been given to the appellant. In this

              connection, reliance has been placed on the decision of

              the Tribunal in Bajrangbali Ingots & Steel Pvt. Ltd. vs.



15.   Excise Appeal No. 51148 of 2020 decided on 01.04.2025 (Tri.-Del.)
16.   2018 (361) E.L.T. 90 (P&H)
17.   2018 (362) E.L.T. 961 (Chhattisgarh)
18.   2021 (375) E.L.T. 545 (Del.)
19.   Customs Appeal No. 291 of 2006 decided on 06.06.2025 (Tri.-Del.)
20.   Customs Appeal No. 50955 of 2021 decided on 15.05.2025 (Tri.-Del.)
21.   Excise Appeal No. 55779 of 2023 decided on 09.09.2024
                                         17
                                                                     E/50198/2025 &
                                                                       E/50082/2025

            CCE, Raipur 22 and the judgment of the Allahabad High

            Court in Continental Cement Company vs. Union of

            India 23;

      (v)   The contention of the department that diesel generator

            set was found in the factory during search on 30.01.2017

            is not correct as there is no mention of this set in the

            Panchnama. This apart, the statements made under

            section 14 of the Central Excise Act had been relied upon

            which cannot be considered as relevant as the procedure

            contemplated under section 138B of the Customs Act,

            1962 24 was not followed; and

      (vi) In any event, the statements relied upon in the show

            cause notice do not establish that the appellant was the

            manufacturer of the pan masala and gutkha alleged to

            have been clandestinely manufactured in and cleared from

            an unregistered factory located at Khasra No. 1340,

            Village Balenga, District Bastar.


41.   Shri P.R.V. Ramanan, learned special counsel appearing for the

department made the following submissions:

      (i)   The principal defence of the appellant that he is not the

            owner of the unregistered factory at Village Balenga

            cannot be accepted in view of the statements made by

            Rajkumar Menghani, Nitin Sabaghchandani and Sheikh

            Imran under section 14 of the Central Excise Act. The

            appellant also in his statements recorded under section 14

            of the Central Excise Act admitted his role as owner of the

            factory;

22.   Excise Appeal No. 52062 of 2018 decided on 16.11.2018 (Tri.-Del.)
23.   2014 (309) E.L.T. 411 (All.)
24.   the Customs Act
                                    18
                                                                      E/50198/2025 &
                                                                        E/50082/2025

(ii)    The appellant is not correct in contending that the two

        Panchnamas dated 30.01.2017 and 24.01.2018 are not

        reliable and have to be excluded from consideration. The

        two Panch witnesses, namely, Dilip Kumar and Sheikh

        Shabbir Ali were available when the search party was near

        the place and merely because the addresses of these two

        persons were shown in the Panchnama as Raipur and

        Visakhapatnam     would    not      make     the    Panchnama

        unreliable;

(iii)   Panchnama dated 24.01.2018 had to be drawn because

        the earlier Panchnama dated 30.01.2017 contained only

        broad details and there was no mention of weight and

        MRP on some of the pouches seized from the unregistered

        premises. At the request of the appellant, the two

        Panchas   were   issued   letters    to    appear   for   cross-

        examination on five dates but they did not appear and,

        therefore, their cross-examination could not take place.

        These two persons had not given any statements under

        section 14 of the Central Excise Act and, therefore, there

        was no requirement in law to comply with the provisions

        of section 9D of the Central Excise Act;

(iv)    It is not correct to state that statements recorded under

        section 14 of the Central Excise Act cannot be considered

        as relevant if the procedure contemplated under section

        9D of the Central Excise Act has not been followed;

(v)     The data extracted in the form of computer printouts is

        reliable as the information extracted from the mobiles was

        shown to the concerned persons and statements were

        recorded under section 14 of the Central Excise Act. The
                                           19
                                                                         E/50198/2025 &
                                                                           E/50082/2025

             concerned persons acknowledged the correctness of the

             data;

      (vi)   The appellant was the manufacturer of pan masala and

             gutkha at the unregistered factory as the statements of

             suppliers of raw material and transporters reveal that they

             dealt with the appellant for all the supplies and got their

             payments from the appellant;

      (vii) The Additional Director General was not justified in

             dropping the demand for the period from April, 2015 to

             March, 2016. Though, the specific month from which the

             diesel generating set was run was not substantiated but in

             view of the provision of rule 17(2) of the 2008 Rules it

             should be deemed that 10 FFS machines were operative

             from April, 2015;

      (viii) The goods/machines seized through Panchnama dated

             30.01.2017 were not in the possession of the appellant at

             the time of seizure and he does not even now claim

             ownership of the said goods/machines. He, therefore,

             does not have a vested right or locus standi to claim that

             his right in terms of the provisions of section 100(4) of

             the   Code   of   Criminal   Procedure,   1973 25   has   been

             infringed. As such, he has no right to claim, as a third

             party, that the Panchnama should be discarded;

      (ix)   The non-availability of local witnesses does not render the

             search proceeding illegal as the provisions of section

             100(4) of the Code of Criminal Procedure are directory

             and not mandatory. In this connection, reliance has been

             placed on the following judgments of the Supreme Court:



25.   the Code of Criminal Procedure
                                          20
                                                                    E/50198/2025 &
                                                                      E/50082/2025

              (a) State of Punjab vs. Balbir Singh 26;

              (b) Appabhai and anr. vs. Sate of Gujarat 27;

              (c) Anwar Ali and ors. vs. The State of Himachal

                   Pradesh 28; and


      (x)     In any view of the matter, no prejudice has been caused

              to the appellant since the genuineness of the Panchnamas

              can be established with equal effectiveness from the

              corroborative evidence available on record.


42.   The submissions advanced by the learned counsel for the appellant

and the learned special counsel appearing for the department have been

considered.

43.   The     first issue   that arises for     consideration   is whether    the

Panchnamas dated 30.01.2017 and 24.01.2018 drawn at Khasra No.

1340, Village Balenga, District Bastar can be considered as reliable.

44.   The contention of the learned counsel for the appellant is that they

cannot be considered as reliable in view of the provisions of section 18 of

the Central Excise Act and section 100(4) of the Code of Criminal

Procedure. Elaborating this submission, learned counsel submitted that

section 18 of the Central Excise Act provides that all searches made under

the Central Excise Act and the Rules made thereunder shall be made in

accordance with the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure relating

to searches and section 100(4) of the Code of Criminal Procedure provides

that the officer making a search shall call upon two or more independent

and respectable inhabitants of the locality in which the place to be

searched is situate or any other locality if no such inhabitant of the said


26.   1994 (70) E.L.T. 481 (SC)
27.   1988 (2) TMI 468 - Supreme Court
28.   Criminal Appeal No. 1121 of 2016 decided on 25.09.2020 (SC)
                                       21
                                                                   E/50198/2025 &
                                                                     E/50082/2025

locality is available or willing to be a witness to search. In this connection,

learned counsel contended that Dilip Kumar, the first Panch witness, is of

Raipur which is 300 Kms away from Bastar and Sheikh Shabbir Ali, the

second Panch witness, is of Visakhapatnam which is more than 300 Kms

away. Learned counsel, therefore, submitted that for this reason the two

Panchnamas should be discarded.

45.   Learned special counsel, however, submitted that these two Panchas

were available when the search party was near the place and merely

because these two Panchas resided at Raipur and Visakhapatnam will not

make the Panchnamas unreliable. Learned special counsel also contended

that as the goods/machines seized through the Panchnama dated

30.01.2017 were not in the possession of the appellant at the time of

seizure and he does not also claim to be the owner of the goods/machines,

the appellant does not have a locus standi to claim that his right in terms

of the provisions of section 100(4) of the Code of Criminal Procedure had

been infringed and in any view of the matter no prejudice has been caused

to the appellant since the genuineness of the Panchnamas can be

established from the corroborative evidence available on record. Learned

special counsel also submitted that non-availability of local witnesses will

not render the search proceedings illegal as the provisions of section

100(4) as the Code of Criminal Procedure are directory and not

mandatory.

46.   It would, therefore, be necessary to reproduce the relevant portion

of the Panchnama dated 30.01.2017 which is as follow:
                                                 22
                                                                                       E/50198/2025 &
                                                                                         E/50082/2025

              "Panchnama dated 30.01.2017 drawn at Khasra No.
              1340, Village BalinGA, District-Bastar, Chhattisgarh.

              Pancha 1 - Sh. Dilip Kumar S/o Sh. Gokul, Age -
              29   years,      R/o     2114/2,       Mana      Camp,      Raipur,
              Chhattisgarh.

              Pancha      2    -    Sheikh     Shabbir        Ali   S/o    Sheikh
              Subhani, Age - 50 years, R/o Flat No. 207, B -
              Block,      Varshney           Builders,          Appanapalam,
              Vishakapattnam.

                   We,    the       abovementioned            panchas,      came
              across a person near Hanuman Mandir, Village -
              Balinga, Raipur - Jagdalpur Highway at around
              06:45 a.m. who introduced himself as Kuldeep
              Singh    Ranga,        Intelligence     Officer,      Directorate
              General of Central Excise Intelligence (HQ), West
              - Block - VIII, Wing No. - 6, R.K. Puram, New
              Delhi and confirmed his identity by showing his
              official Identity Card. Sh. Kuldeep Singh Ranga
              requested us to witness a Government proceeding
              to which we readily agreed.

              *****
                   The search was conducted in a peaceful & cordial
              atmosphere. No harm was caused to any person or
              property, no religious feelings were hurt during the
              Panchnama proceedings. The Panchnama has been
              drawn correctly as seen and witnessed by us. The
              contents    of       panchnama     have    been       explained    in
              vernacular to us. The Panchnama proceedings were
              concluded       at    5:00   pm    on     the     same      day   i.e.
              30.01.2017."

                                                      (emphasis supplied)


47.   To examine the contentions, it would be appropriate to reproduce

section 18 of the Central Excise Act which as follows:

              "18. Searches and arrests how to be made.-- All
              searches made under this Act or any rules made
              thereunder and all arrests made under this Act shall be
              carried out in accordance with the provisions of the
              Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 (5 of 1898) , relating
              respectively to searches and arrests made under that
              Code."
                                            23
                                                                            E/50198/2025 &
                                                                              E/50082/2025

48.   Section 100(4) of the Code of Criminal Procedure is also reproduced

below:

               "100. Persons in charge of closed place to allow
               search.--(1) *****
               (2) *****
               (3) *****
               (4) Before making a search under this Chapter, the
               officer or other person about to make it shall call upon
               two or more independent and respectable inhabitants of
               the locality in which the place to be searched is situate
               or of any other locality if no such inhabitant of the said
               locality is available or is willing to be a witness to the
               search, to attend and witness the search and may issue
               an order in writing to them or any of them so to do.

               *****"


49.   It is clear from a bare perusal of sub-section (4) of section 100 of

the Code of Criminal Procedure that the officers conducting the search

shall call upon two or more independent and respectable inhabitants of the

locality in which the place to be searched is situate. They can, however,

call upon a person of any other locality, if no such inhabitant of the said

locality is available or is willing to be a witness to the search.

50.   In the present case, it is not in dispute that one Pancha resided at

Raipur which is 300 Kms away from Bastar and the other resided at

Visakhapatnam which is more than 300 Kms away. These two Panchas are

clearly not inhabitants of the locality in which the place to be searched is

situated. Black's Law Dictionary defines "locality" as "a definite region of

any part of space; geographical position. Place; vicinity; neighborhood;

community". Thus, locality would be a place in the vicinity of the site of

search and, therefore, witnesses must be of that area only. In the instant

case, the two Panchas produced by the department are of places situated

more than 300 Kms. The Panchnama also does not record that inhabitants
                                           24
                                                                           E/50198/2025 &
                                                                             E/50082/2025

of the locality were not available or willing to be a witness to search, nor

does it record why persons whose addresses were of places situated more

than 300 kms were called upon as witnesses.

51.   The search was, therefore, not carried out in accordance with the

provisions of section 18 of the Central Excise Act and sub-section (4) of

section 100 of the Code of Criminal Procedure.

52.   In Pradeep Narayan, the Supreme Court, after noticing that the

two witnesses did not belong to the locality where the search was

conducted, observed that no serious attempt was made to associate two

or more independent respectable inhabitants of the locality and it was not

the case that no independent respectable witnesses of the locality were

available. The observations of the Supreme Court are:

              "6. Section 100(4) of the Cr.P.C. requires that before
              making a search, the officer or other person about to
              make it, shall call upon two or more independent and
              respectable inhabitants of the locality in which the place
              to be searched is situate or of any other locality if no
              such inhabitant of the said locality is available or is
              willing to be a witness to the search, to attend and
              witness, the search and may issue an order in writing
              to them or any of them so to do. The courts generally
              look for compliance of the aforesaid provisions, to the
              extent possible in the facts and circumstances of a
              given   case.    Do   PW2     and   PW5     satisfy   the
              requirements of Section 100(4) supra? Can they
              be called independent respectable witnesses of
              the locality? If they did not belong to the locality
              where the search was conducted, what was the
              occasion from them to be present near building
              No. 93 at the crucial time to be joined as panch
              witnesses? Answer to these and some other
              questions, to be dealt with later on, would decide
              whether    the   conviction      and sentence    of the
              appellants is sustainable.
                                          25
                                                                         E/50198/2025 &
                                                                           E/50082/2025

                7. Admittedly, both PW 2 and PW 5 are not the
                witnesses from the locality where the search was
                being conducted. *****

                8.   ***** Obviously no serious attempt was made
                by the raiding party to associate with them two or
                more independent and respectable inhabitants of
                the locality in which the room was located, for
                reasons best known to them before conducting
                the search. It is not the case of the prosecution
                that either no independent respectable witness of
                locality was available or was otherwise willing to
                join the raid when contacted. *****"

                                              (emphasis supplied)


53.     In Yeduru Sreenivasulu Reddy, the Andhra Pradesh High Court

held that it is necessary to follow the procedure contemplated under

section 100(4) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, failing which the search

and seizure would be vitiated.

54.     In Meenu Paper Mills, the Tribunal followed the judgment of the

Supreme Court in Pradeep Narayan and the judgment of the Andhra

Pradesh High Court in Yeduru Sreenivasulu Reddy and observed that

since    the   witnesses   were   not    from   the    locality,   the    procedure

contemplated under section 100(4) of the Code of Criminal Procedure was

not followed and so the search and seizure stood vitiated.

55.     The submission of the learned special counsel for the department

that it is not open to the appellant to contend that the procedure

contemplated under section 100(4) of the Code of Criminal Procedure was

not followed since the appellant does not claim to be the owner of the

factory where the Panchnamas were drawn or of the goods/machines

cannot be accepted. The duty demand against the appellant is based on

the two Panchnamas and, therefore, it cannot be said that the appellant
                                      26
                                                                E/50198/2025 &
                                                                  E/50082/2025

cannot urge violation of the provisions of section 100(4) of the Code of

Criminal Procedure. The appellant would have a right to question the

Panchnamas.

56.   Learned special counsel appearing for the department also relied

upon certain decisions to contend that non-availability of local witnesses

would not render the search proceedings illegal.

57.   In the present case, as noticed above, the Panchnama does not

record that local respectable inhabitants were either not available or had

refused to join as witnesses. No reason has been given in the Panchnama

as to why the two witnesses who resided at places situated more than 300

Kms were called as witnesses.

58.   The judgment of the Supreme Court in Appabhai does not help the

department. It was not a case relating to search of any premises and

Panchnama was also not in issue. Therefore, there was no question of

compliance of the provisions of section 100(4) of the Code of Criminal

Procedure. The Supreme Court also observed that in a criminal matter

civilized people are generally insensitive when a crime is committed even

in their presence and so they keep themselves away from the Court unless

it is inevitable. It is in this context that the Supreme Court observed that

instead of doubting the prosecution case for want of independent

witnesses, the broad spectrum of the prosecution version should be

considered. The present case is not a criminal case.

59.   The judgments of the Supreme Court in Balbir Singh and Anwar

Ali are not cases where the Panch witnesses had not been examined and

also do not deal with issue of examination and cross-examination of Panch

witnesses. The Supreme Court also held that the Courts would have to

consider whether any prejudice has been caused to the person who alleges
                                           27
                                                                        E/50198/2025 &
                                                                          E/50082/2025

violation of the provisions of section 100 (4) of the Code of Criminal

Procedure.

60.   Learned counsel for the appellant, however, relied upon the

judgment of the Supreme Court in Aryan Bhushan Bhandar to contend

that where the Panch witnesses have not been examined by the

department or where the Panch witnesses failed to appear for examination

and cross-examination, the Panchnama would have no evidential value

and has to be excluded from consideration. The Supreme Court also

observed that non production of the Panchas for cross-examination is

clearly violation of the principle of natural justice. The Supreme Court also

rejected the observation made by the High Court that no prejudice was

caused by reason of non production of the Panchas. It would, therefore,

imply that non production of the Panchas itself causes prejudice. The

relevant portion of the judgment of the Supreme Court is reproduced

below:

              "An issue raised by the appellants was that the search
              was conducted both in their shop and in their house
              and that the search warrant was limited to the shop.
              The   Panchas    to   the   search   were,   therefore,
              material witnesses in this behalf. That they were
              not   produced    for   cross-examination,     though
              asked for, is not disputed. There has, therefore, in
              our view, clearly been a breach of natural justice.
              On this count alone, the order of the High Court
              must be set aside. We are unimpressed by the
              argument that no prejudice was caused to the
              appellants by reason of the non-production of the
              Panchas which, it would appear, was what the
              High Court seemed to think."

                                               (emphasis supplied)
                                          28
                                                                          E/50198/2025 &
                                                                            E/50082/2025

61.   In Kamlesh Gupta, the Allahabad High Court observed that cross-

examination of a person who is a witnesses to the Panchnama is not for

affirming the Panchnama but is for the purpose of establishing the

genuiness of the document and that cross-examination is necessary. The

relevant portion of the judgment of the Allahabad High Court is:

              "4.4 Further, the Commissioner has observed that the
              genuineness of the panch witness cannot be questioned
              as they are duly receiving the letter of the Department
              but due to his personal economical reasons they are
              unable to attend the proceeding of cross-examination
              and they have stated in their response that the confirm
              the genuineness of Punchnama. In my opinion such
              confirmation of the punchnama behind the back
              of the appellant, is not acceptable evidence in
              law.   Cross-examination        of     witness   to   the
              punchnama is not for affirming the punchnama,
              but is procedure prescribed by law, to establish
              the genuiness of the document sought to be relied
              in the proceeding against the appellant. It is by
              way of cross-examination appellant would have
              disputed the genuiness of the punchnama and the
              credibility of witness."

                                                   (emphasis supplied)


62.   In Kisan Ratan Singh, the Bombay High Court observed that since

the Panchas were of a locality which was 4 to 5 Kms away from the

premises where the search was conducted, it was doubtful as to how the

Panchas landed up at the said premises. The High Court also noticed that

the Panchas were not examined. The relevant portion of the judgment of

the Bombay High Court is:

              "8. Admittedly, panch witness of the panchnama
              recorded on 4th February, 1991, when the gold and
              Indian and Foreign currencies were allegedly seized,
              have not testified. Even the persons, who typed the
              panchnama, and PW-1 says it was one G.H. Shaikh, has
              not testified. Moreover, the panchnama is written in
                                        29
                                                                       E/50198/2025 &
                                                                         E/50082/2025

             English but the panch witnesses have signed in Hindi
             and Gujarati. Panchnama also does not record whether
             the panch witnesses knew English. PW-1 also says
             both panch witnesses are from N.M. Joshi Marg as
             per panchnama Exhibit P-2 and that N.M. Joshi
             Marg was 4 to 5 km away from the said premises.
             How did the panchas then land at the said
             premises? That is a mystery. Therefore, I am unable
             to believe the panchnama as produced was really
             prepared. To add to this, PW-2 says he does not know
             the details of panchnama because he was not party to
             panchnama. PW-2 also says PW-1 had called the panch
             witnesses and they were taken from "our" office to the
             said premises. If that was so, why were the panch
             witnesses not examined. PW-2 also says, though he
             was a member of the search party, he does not
             remember the mode of transport that was used to go to
             the said premises from their office. One can understand
             he may not remember the vehicle details but "mode of
             transport" is unbelievable. If I have to accept the
             submission of Ms. Mane that dehors the panchnama, in
             view of the confession recorded under Section 108, the
             Court can still convict the accused, then I ask myself
             why should they even take any panch witness and why
             should any one go through the trouble of recording of
             panchnama and producing the panch witness at the
             time of trial. Moreover, if I have to simply accept the
             statement recorded under Section 108 as gospel truth
             and without any corroboration, I ask myself another
             question, as to why should anyone then go through a
             trial. The moment the Customs authorities recorded the
             statement under Section 108, in which the accused has
             confessed about his involvement in carrying contraband
             gold, the accused could be straightaway sent to jail
             without the trial Court having recorded any evidence or
             conducting a trial."
                                             (emphasis supplied)


63.   In the present case, the Panchas are of places situated more than

300 Kms away and the Panchnama also does not record as to why they
                                                      30
                                                                                         E/50198/2025 &
                                                                                           E/50082/2025

were asked to be witnesses and whether any effort was made to have

independent and respectable inhabitants of the locality as witnesses.

64.   The foundation of the case set up by the department is the

Panchnama dated 30.01.2017. It is on the basis of the said Panchanama

that the department alleges that 9 pouch filling machines were being

operated in the premises at Khasra No. 1340, Village Balenga, District

Bastar for manufacture of Pan masala and Gutkha. The Panchnama

records that raw materials, finished goods and packaging laminates were

found in the premises. This Panchnama, which is the very foundation, has

been found to be unreliable and has not been proved by examination of

the Panch witnesses and the Panch witnesses have not been made

available   for        cross-examination.             The     decision        of   the   Tribunal   in

Commissioner of C. Ex., Ahmedabad-I vs. Mukesh Industries Ltd.29

supports this observation and the relevant portion of the decision of the

Tribunal is reproduced below:

                  "5. Apart from the above, Commissioner (Appeals)
                  also observed that the adjudicating authority himself
                  has held that panchnama so recorded, cannot be relied
                  upon as the same was found to be recorded by unfair
                  means. If the drawal of panchnama was itself doubtful,
                  the entire case booked by preventive branch cannot be
                  allowed to stand on its own legs. What falls in part,
                  cannot     be    upheld      in    whole.        Inasmuch   as   the
                  adjudicating authority himself has disbelieved the story
                  of    investigation    and        drawal    of    panchnama,     the
                  allegations     of   shortages      and     resultant   clandestine
                  removal cannot be upheld. *****"


65.   The contention of the learned special counsel appearing for the

department is that various letters were sent to the Panchas to appear for

cross-examination on five dates but they did not appear and, therefore,

29,   2009 (235) E.L.T. 527 (Tri.-Ahmd.)
                                     31
                                                               E/50198/2025 &
                                                                 E/50082/2025

the cross-examination did not take place. It needs to be noted that the

two Panchas did appear at the behest of the department on 24.01.2018 to

witness the search again. Non appearance on subsequent dates when

called for cross-examination by the appellant raises a serious doubt that

the Panchas were not ready for cross-examination and in any case it was

also incumbent upon the department to have examined the Panchas and

also permitted the appellant to cross-examine them.

66.   The Panchas of the second Panchnama dated 24.01.2018 are the

same as of the first Panchnama dated 30.01.2017. For the same reasons

as noted for the first Panchnama, the second Panchnama would have to be

discarded.

67.   The inevitable conclusion that follows is that the Panchnamas dated

30.01.2017 and 24.01.2018 have to be excluded from consideration as

not only were the two Panchas resident of places situated more than 300

kms away but they were also not examined by the department nor they

could be cross-examined by the appellant.

68.   Reliance has also been placed on the statement dated 31.01.2017

made by Nitin Sabhagchandani under section 14 of the Central Excise Act.

Nitin Sabhagchandani is said to have stated that his brother-in-law,

Rajkumar Menghani, provided him work and the plan to set up the factory

at Bastar was made by Rajkumar Menghani on being told by the appellant.

It is stated that he also stated that directions regarding manufacture were

received by him from Rajkumar Menghani and that the appellant used to

give instructions to Rajkumar Menghani. Statements of the appellant and

various other persons recorded under section 14 of the Central Excise Act

have also been considered by the Additional Director General for recording

a finding that pan masala and gutkha were manufactured at the
                                          32
                                                                         E/50198/2025 &
                                                                           E/50082/2025

unregistered factory situated at Khasra No. 1340, Village Balenga, District

Bastar by the appellant with the help of Rajkumar Menghani, Nitin

Sabhagchandani and other persons/employees.

69.    The issue that would arise for consideration is whether the

statement made by the appellant under section 14 of the Central Excise

Act and the statements made by other persons under section 14 of the

Central Excise Act can be considered as relevant if the procedure

contemplated under section 9D of the Central Excise Act has not been

followed.

70.    It is not in dispute that the appellant and other persons whose

statements were recorded under section 14 of the Central Excise Act were

not examined by the Additional Director General as was required to done

under section 9D of the Central Excise Act.

71.    Section 14 of the Central Excise Act deals with power to summon

persons to give evidence and produce documents. It provides that any

Central Excise Officer empowered by the Central Government shall have

the power to summon any person whose attendance he considers

necessary either to give evidence or to produce a document or any other

thing in any inquiry, which such officer is making under the Central Excise

Act.

72.    Section 9D of the Central Excise Act deals with relevancy of

statements under certain circumstances and it is reproduced below:

              "9D.   Relevancy    of   statements    under    certain
              circumstances.

              (1) A statement made and signed by a person before
              any Central Excise Officer of gazette rank during the
              course of any inquiry or proceeding under this Act shall
              be relevant, for the purpose of proving, in any
                                             33
                                                                        E/50198/2025 &
                                                                          E/50082/2025

              prosecution for an offence under this Act, the truth of
              the facts which it contains, --

                (a)      when    the    person   who     made     the
                statement is dead or cannot be found, or is
                incapable of giving evidence, or is kept out of
                the way by the adverse party, or whose
                presence    cannot     be   obtained    without   an
                amount of delay or expense which, under the
                circumstances of the case, the court considers
                unreasonable; or

                (b)      when    the    person   who     made     the
                statement is examined as a witness in the case
                before the court and the court is of opinion
                that, having regard to the circumstances of the
                case, the statement should be admitted in
                evidence in the interests of justice.

              (2) The provisions of sub-section (1) shall, so far as
              may be, apply in relation to any proceeding under this
              Act, other than a proceeding before a court, as they
              apply in relation to a proceeding before a court."


73.   It would be seen that section 14 of the Central Excise Act enables

the concerned Officer to summon any person whose attendance he

considers necessary to give evidence in any inquiry which such Officer is

making. The statements of persons so summoned are then recorded under

these provisions. It is these statements which are referred to in section 9D

of the Central Excise Act. A bare perusal of sub-section (1) of section 9D

makes it evident that the statement recorded before the concerned Officer

during the course of any inquiry or proceeding shall be relevant for the

purpose of proving the truth of the facts which it contains only when the

person who made the statement is examined as a witness before the

Court and such Court is of the opinion that having regard to the

circumstances of the case, the statement should be admitted in evidence,

in the interests of justice, except where the person who tendered the
                                       34
                                                                  E/50198/2025 &
                                                                    E/50082/2025

statement is dead or cannot be found. In view of the provisions of sub-

section (2) of section 9D of the Central Excise Act, the provisions of sub-

section (1) of section 9D shall apply to any proceedings under the Central

Excise Act as they apply in relation to proceedings before a Court. What,

therefore, follows is that a person who makes a statement during the

course of an inquiry has to be first examined as a witness before the

adjudicating authority and thereafter the adjudicating authority has to

form an opinion whether, having regard to the circumstances of the case,

the statement should be admitted in evidence, in the interest of justice.

Once this determination regarding admissibility of the statement of a

witness is made by the adjudicating authority, the statement will be

admitted as an evidence and an opportunity of cross-examination of the

witness is then required to be given to the person against whom such

statement has been made. It is only when this procedure is followed that

the statements of persons making them would be of relevance for the

purpose of proving the facts which they contain.

74.   Section 138B of the Customs Act is almost identical to section 9D of

the Central Excise Act.

75.   It would now be appropriate to examine decisions interpreting

section 9D of the Central Excise Act and section 138B of the Customs Act.

76.   In the case of M/s Surya Wires Pvt. Ltd. vs. Principal

Commissioner, CGST, Raipur 30, a Division Bench of this Tribunal

examined the provisions of section 108 and 138B of the Customs Act as

also the provisions of section 9D and 14 of the Central Excise Act which

are similar to the provisions of section 108 and 138B of the Customs Act,

and the observations are :


30.   Excise Appeal No. 51148 of 2020 decided on 01.04.2025 (Tri.-Del.)
                                                 35
                                                                                   E/50198/2025 &
                                                                                     E/50082/2025

              "28.    It,   therefore,   transpires     from   the    aforesaid
              decisions that both section 9D(1)(b) of the Central
              Excise Act and section 138B(1)(b) of the Customs Act
              contemplate that when the provisions of clause (a) of
              these    two    sections   are     not   applicable,    then   the
              statements made under section 14 of the Central Excise
              Act or under section 108 of the Customs Act during the
              course of an inquiry under the Acts shall be relevant for
              the purpose of proving the truth of the facts contained
              in them only when such persons are examined as
              witnesses before the adjudicating authority and the
              adjudicating     authority   forms       an   opinion   that   the
              statements should be admitted in evidence. It is
              thereafter that an opportunity has to be provided for
              cross-examination of such persons. The provisions of
              section 9D of the Central Excise Act and section
              138B(1)(b) of the Customs Act have been held to be
              mandatory and failure to comply with the procedure
              would mean that no reliance can be placed on the
              statements recorded either under section 14D of the
              Central Excise Act or under section 108 of the Customs
              Act. The Courts have also explained the rationale
              behind the precautions contained in the two sections. It
              has been observed that the statements recorded during
              inquiry/investigation by officers has every chance of
              being recorded under coercion or compulsion and it is
              in order to neutralize this possibility that statements of
              the     witnesses   have     to    be    recorded   before     the
              adjudicating authority, after which such statements can
              be admitted in evidence."


77.   In Ambika International vs. Union of India 31 decided on

17.06.2016, the Punjab and Haryana High Court examined the provisions

of section 9D of the Central Excise Act. The show cause notices that had

been issued primarily relied upon statements made under section 14 of

the Central Excise Act. It was sought to be contended by the Writ

Petitioners that the demand had been confirmed in flagrant violation of the

mandatory provisions of section 9D of the Central Excise Act. The High

31.   2018 (361) E.L.T. 90 (P&H)
                                          36
                                                                         E/50198/2025 &
                                                                           E/50082/2025

Court held that if none of the circumstances contemplated by clause (a) of

section 9D(1) exist, then clause (b) of section 9D(1) comes into operation

and this provides for two steps to be followed. The first is that the person

who made the statement has to be examined as a witness before the

adjudicating authority. In the second stage, the adjudicating authority has

to form an opinion, having regard to the circumstances of the case,

whether the statement should be admitted in evidence in the interests of

justice. The judgment further holds that in adjudication proceedings, the

stage of relevance of a statement recorded before Officers would arise

only after the statement is admitted in evidence by the adjudicating

authority in accordance with the procedure contemplated in section

9D(1)(b) of the Central Excise Act. The judgment also highlights the

reason why such an elaborative procedure has been provided in section

9D(1) of the Central Excise Act. It notes that a statement recorded during

inquiry/investigation by an Officer of the department has a possibility of

having been recorded under coercion or compulsion and it is in order to

neutralize this possibility that the statement of the witness has to be

recorded before the adjudicating authority. The relevant portions of the

judgment are reproduced below:

              "15.   A plain reading of sub-section (1) of Section
              9D of the Act makes it clear that clauses (a) and
              (b)    of   the   said   sub-section    set   out   the
              circumstances in which a statement, made and
              signed by a person before the Central Excise
              Officer of a gazetted rank, during the course of
              inquiry or proceeding under the Act, shall be
              relevant, for the purpose of proving the truth of
              the facts contained therein.

              16. Section 9D of the Act came in from detailed
              consideration and examination, by the Delhi High
              Court, in J.K. Cigarettes Ltd. v. CCE, 2009 (242) E.L.T.
                                37
                                                                E/50198/2025 &
                                                                  E/50082/2025

189 (Del.). Para 12 of the said decision clearly holds
that by virtue of sub-section (2) of Section 9D, the
provisions of sub-section (1) thereof would extend to
adjudication proceedings as well.

*****

22. If none of the circumstances contemplated
by clause (a) of Section 9D(1) exists, clause (b)
of Section 9D(1) comes into operation. The said
clause prescribes a specific procedure to be
followed before the statement can be admitted in
evidence. Under this procedure, two steps are required
to be followed by the adjudicating authority, under
clause (b) of Section 9D(1), viz.

  (i)       the person who made the statement has to
  first be examined as a witness in the case before the
  adjudicating authority, and

  (ii)      the adjudicating authority has, thereafter,
  to form the opinion that, having regard to the
  circumstances of the case, the statement should be
  admitted in evidence in the interests of justice.


23. There is no justification for jettisoning this
procedure,       statutorily    prescribed     by     plenary
parliamentary       legislation      for   admitting,    into
evidence,    a     statement        recorded   before    the
gazetted Central Excise Officer, which does not
suffer from the handicaps contemplated by clause
(a) of Section 9D(1) of the Act. The use of the
word "shall" in Section 9D(1), makes it clear that,
the provisions contemplated in the sub-section
are mandatory. Indeed, as they pertain to conferment
of admissibility to oral evidence they would, even
otherwise, have to be recorded as mandatory.

24. The rationale behind the above precaution
contained in clause (b) of Section 9D(1) is
obvious. The statement, recorded during inquiry/
investigation,     by   the gazetted        Central    Excise
Officer, has every chance of having been recorded
under coercion or compulsion. It is a matter of
common knowledge that, on many occasions, the
                                      38
                                                                           E/50198/2025 &
                                                                             E/50082/2025

DRI/DGCEI resorts to compulsion in order to extract
confessional statements. It is obviously in order to
neutralize this possibility that, before admitting
such a statement in evidence, clause (b) of
Section 9D(1) mandates that the evidence of the
witness        has       to     be        recorded       before     the
adjudication authority, as, in such an atmosphere,
there would be no occasion for any trepidation on
the part of the witness concerned.

25. Clearly, therefore, the stage of relevance, in
adjudication         proceedings,            of    the     statement,
recorded before a gazetted Central Excise Officer
during inquiry or investigation, would arise only
after the statement is admitted in evidence in
accordance with the procedure prescribed                             in
clause (b) of Section 9D(1). The rigour of this
procedure is exempted only in a case in which one or
more of the handicaps referred to in clause (a) of
Section 9D(1) of the Act would apply. In view of this
express stipulation in the Act, it is not open to
any adjudicating authority to straightaway rely on
the            statement                   recorded            during
investigation/inquiry before the gazetted Central
Excise        Officer,        unless       and     until     he     can
legitimately invoke clause (a) of Section 9D(1). In
all other cases, if he wants to rely on the said
statement as relevant, for proving the truth of the
contents thereof, he has to first admit the statement in
evidence in accordance with clause (b) of Section
9D(1). For this, he has to summon the person who had
made the statement, examine him as witness before
him in the adjudication proceeding, and arrive at an
opinion that, having regard to the circumstances of the
case, the statement should be admitted in the interests
of justice.

26. In fact, Section 138 of the Indian Evidence Act,
1872, clearly sets out the sequence of evidence, in
which    evidence-in-chief             has    to     precede      cross-
examination, and cross-examination has to precede re-
examination.

27. It is only, therefore, -
                                             39
                                                                                E/50198/2025 &
                                                                                  E/50082/2025

                (i)       after the person whose statement has
                already    been      recorded         before    a   gazetted
                Central Excise Officer is examined as a witness
                before the adjudicating authority, and

                (ii)      the adjudicating authority arrives at a
                conclusion,    for    reasons         to   be   recorded   in
                writing, that the statement deserves to be
                admitted in evidence,

                that the question of offering the witness to the
                assessee, for cross-examination, can arise.


              28. Clearly, if this procedure, which is statutorily
              prescribed by plenary parliamentary legislation, is
              not followed, it has to be regarded, that the
              Revenue has given up the said witnesses, so that
              the reliance by the CCE, on the said statements,
              has to be regarded as misguided, and the said
              statements      have     to        be        eschewed    from
              consideration, as they would not be relevant for
              proving the truth of the contents thereof."

                                                      (emphasis supplied)


78.   In Hi Tech Abrasives Ltd. vs. Commissioner of C. Ex. & Cus.,

Raipur 32 decided on 04.07.2018, the Chhattisgarh High Court also

examined the provisions of section 9D of the Central Excise Act. The

allegation against the appellants was regarding clandestine removal of

goods without payment of duty and for this purpose reliance was placed

on the statement of the Director of the Company who is said to have

admitted clandestine removal of goods. The contention of the appellants

before the High Court was that the statement of the Director could be

admitted in evidence only in accordance with the provisions of section 9D

of the Central Excise Act. After examining the provisions of sub-sections

(1) and (2) of section 9D of the Central Excise Act, and after placing



32.   2018 (362) E.L.T. 961 (Chhattisgarh)
                                              40
                                                                                        E/50198/2025 &
                                                                                          E/50082/2025

reliance on the judgment of the Punjab and Haryana High Court in

Ambika International, the Chhattisgarh High Court held:

             "9.3   A     conjoint       reading     of       the    provisions
             therefore reveals that a statement made and
             signed by a person before the Investigation
             Officer      during    the    course    of    any       inquiry      or
             proceedings under the Act shall be relevant for
             the purposes of proving the truth of the facts
             which it contains in case other than those covered
             in clause (a), only when the person who made the
             statement is examined as witness in the case
             before       the      court    (in     the       present           case,
             Adjudicating           Authority)          and         the         court
             (Adjudicating Authority) forms an opinion that
             having regard to the circumstances of the case,
             the statement should be admitted in the evidence,
             in the interest of justice.

             9.4    The    legislative     scheme,        therefore,        is     to
             ensure that the statement of any person which
             has been recorded during search and seizure
             operations would become relevant only when
             such person is examined by the adjudicating
             authority        followed     by     the     opinion          of     the
             adjudicating authority then the statement should
             be admitted. The said provision in the statute
             book seems to have been made to serve the
             statutory purpose of ensuring that the assessee
             are not subjected to demand, penalty interest on
             the basis of certain admissions recorded during
             investigation        which    may      have      been        obtained
             under      the     police    power    of     the   Investigating
             authorities by coercion or undue influence.

             9.5 ***** The provisions contained in Section 9D,
             therefore, has to be construed strictly and held as
             mandatory and not              mere directory. Therefore,
             unless the substantive provisions contained in Section
             9D are complied with, the statement recorded during
             search and seizure operation by the Investigation
             Officers cannot be treated to be relevant piece of
             evidence on which a finding could be based by the
             adjudicating authority. A rational, logical and fair
                                               41
                                                                                     E/50198/2025 &
                                                                                       E/50082/2025

              interpretation of procedure clearly spells out that before
              the statement is treated relevant and admissible under
              the law, the person is not only required to be present in
              the proceedings before the adjudicating authority but
              the adjudicating authority is obliged under the law to
              examine him and form an opinion that having regard to
              the circumstances of the case, the statement should be
              admitted     in    evidence   in     the    interest   of   justice.
              Therefore, we would say that even mere recording
              of statement is not enough but it has to be fully
              conscious application of mind by the adjudicating
              authority that the statement is required to be
              admitted in the interest of justice. The rigor of
              this provision, therefore, could not be done away
              with by the adjudicating authority, if at all, it was
              inclined to take into consideration the statement
              recorded      earlier    during       investigation         by   the
              Investigation officers. Indeed, without examination
              of the person as required under Section 9D and opinion
              formed as mandated under the law, the statement
              recorded     by    the   Investigation       Officer   would     not
              constitute         the     relevant          and       admissible
              evidence/material at all and has to be ignored. We
              have no hesitation to hold that the adjudicating
              officer as well as Customs, Excise and Service Tax
              Appellate Tribunal committed illegality in placing
              reliance upon the statement of Director Narayan
              Prasad     Tekriwal      which       was     recorded       during
              investigation when his examination before the
              adjudicating         authority       in     the    proceedings
              instituted        upon   show      cause     notice     was      not
              recorded nor formation of an opinion that it
              requires to be admitted in the interest of justice.
              In taking this view, we find support from the decision in
              the case of Ambica International v. UOI rendered by the
              High Court of Punjab and Haryana."

                                                         (emphasis supplied)


79.   In M/s. Drolia Electrosteel P. Ltd. vs. Commissioner, Customs,

Central Excise & Service Tax, Raipur 33 decided on 30.10.2023, a


33.   Excise Appeal No. 52612 of 2018 decided on 30.10.2023
                                          42
                                                                        E/50198/2025 &
                                                                          E/50082/2025

Division Bench of the Tribunal examined the provisions of section 9D of

the Central Excise Act and after placing reliance upon the decision of the

Punjab and Haryana High Court in Jindal Drugs Pvt. Ltd. vs. Union Of

India 34, observed that if the mandatory provisions of section 9D(1)(b) of

the Central Excise Act are not followed, the statements cannot be used as

evidence in proceedings under Central Excise Act. The relevant portions of

the decision of the Tribunal are reproduced below:

              "14. Evidently, the statements will be relevant under
              certain circumstances and these are given in clauses
              (a) and (b) of subsection (1). There is no assertion by
              either side that the circumstances indicated in (a)
              existed in the case. It leaves us with (b) which
              requires the court or the adjudicating authority to
              first examine the person who made the statement
              and form an opinion that having regard to the
              circumstances of the case, the statement should
              be admitted in evidence. Of course, the party
              adversely affected by the statement will have to
              be given an opportunity to cross examine the
              person who made the statement but that comes
              only after the statement is, in the first place, after
              examination     by   the    adjudicating    authority,
              admitted in evidence. This has not been done in
              respect of any of the 35 statements. Therefore, all the
              statements are not relevant to the proceedings.

              15. It has been held in a catena of judgments
              including Jindal Drugs Pvt. Ltd. versus Union Of
              India [2016 (340) E.L.T. 67 (P&H)] that section
              9D is a mandatory provision and if the procedure
              prescribed therein is not followed, statements
              cannot be used as evidence in the proceedings
              under Central Excise Act. *****

              16. Therefore, the 35 statements relied upon in the
              SCN are not relevant and hence also not admissible."

                                                (emphasis supplied)



34.   2016 (340) E.L.T. 67 (P & H)
                                      43
                                                                E/50198/2025 &
                                                                  E/50082/2025

80.   It is, therefore, not possible to accept the contention of the learned

special counsel for the department that it was not necessary in law for the

adjudicating authority to examine the persons whose statements were

recorded under section 14 of the Central Excise Act. Section 9D of the

Central Excise Act deals with all persons whose statements have been

recorded under section 14 of the Central Excise Act and, therefore, it is

also not possible to accept the contention of the learned special counsel

appearing for the department that the appellant was not required to be

examined by the Additional Director General under section 9D of the

Central Excise Act.

81.   The Additional Director General was, therefore, not justified in

holding that there was no requirement in law for compliance of the

provisions of section 9D of the Central Excise Act. The Additional General

even went to the extent of observing that "cross-examination before a

quasi-judicial authority is fraught with the very rare possibility of its

misuse. It is reasonably expected that when cross-examination takes

place after long passage of time, the chances are bright that the person

concerned has been persuaded to change his mind and statement." This

observation not only goes against the settled principles of law but even

otherwise cross-examination cannot be denied merely because a person

may change his view. The purpose of cross-examination is to test the

authenticity of the statement made, more particularly when the statement

is made under section 14 of the Central Excise Act.

82.   The impugned order has also placed reliance upon a pocket diary

that is said to provide inward details of raw materials, outward details of

finished goods as well as stock lying in the factory. The said diary was

claimed to have been written and maintained by Rajkumar Menghani, a
                                      44
                                                                E/50198/2025 &
                                                                  E/50082/2025

labour in the unregistered factory. This pocket diary was verified by Nitin

Sabhagchandani who was present during the search and he admitted the

authenticity of the said diary and accepted the details written in the diary

were correct. As stated above, statement of Nitin Sabhagchandani made

under section 14 of the Central Excise cannot also be relied upon as the

procedure contemplated under section 9D of the Central Excise Act.

83.   As per section 2 (f) of the Central Excise Act, a manufacturer is one

who employs hire labour in production or manufacture of excisable goods

as well as one who engages in their production or manufacture on his own

account. From the statements of Nitin Sabhagchandani and Rajkumar

Menghani, it is evident that they purchased the land having Khasra No.

1340 at Balenga, Bastar and they set up the factory and employed hired

labour for manufacture. There is no evidence whatsoever to show that the

appellant contributed to the finance for the purchase of land and setting

up of factory or for payment of the salaries of the labourers. The

appellant, therefore, is not the manufacturer.

84.   Though the statement of the appellant under section 14 of the

Central Excise Act could not have been considered as relevant, but even if

the statement of the appellant is examined, it does not show that the

appellant was in anyway connected with the manufacturer of pan masala

and gutkha at Bastar.

85.   The appellant in his statement dated 30.01.201, when asked

whether he knew Nitin Sabaghchandandi, stated that he did not know any

person by the name of Nitin Sabaghchandani. On being shown the

statement dated 30.01.2017 of Nitin Sabaghchandani and on being asked

whether he agrees with his statement that the machines for the factory at

Khasra No.1340, Balenga, Bastar were sent by the appellant and that the
                                      45
                                                                 E/50198/2025 &
                                                                   E/50082/2025

appellant bore the entire expense of running the said factory and the

appellant is the owner of the said factory, the appellant stated that neither

the appellant knows Nitin Sabaghchandani nor has the appellant ever sent

any machines to Bastar. The appellant further stated that the appellant

has no business of manufacturing pan masala and gutkha in Bastar.

86.   However, the show cause notice, while summarizing statement

dated 30.01.2017 of the appellant, omitted the aforesaid portion of the

said statement of the appellant in which he categorically stated that he

does not know Nitin Sabaghchandani nor had he ever sent any machines

to Bastar and that the he had no business of manufacturing pan masala

and gutkha in Bastar.

87.   The statement dated 27.08.2017 of the appellant was retracted by

the appellant by a letter addressed to the Chief Metropolitan Magistrate,

Patiala, New Delhi. It is the case of the department that in view of the said

retraction, further statement dated 15.09.2017 of the appellant was

recorded and, therefore, the retraction is not of any significance. This

conclusion is incorrect as would be evident from the statement dated

15.09.2017. This statement has been misconstrued as being a statement

wherein the appellant agreed with the entire statement dated 27.08.2017

that on being asked whether his identification and other description given

in the driving license provided by him for were correct, he stated that the

description given by him were         correct. This statement has been

misunderstood as an agreement with the entire statement given on

27.08.2017, when in fact, the appellant had only expressed agreement

with his description given in the statement dated 27.08.2017.
                                         46
                                                                                E/50198/2025 &
                                                                                  E/50082/2025

88.   Further, portion of the statement dated 10.01.2020 of the appellant

has not been completely reproduced as would be seen from the

reproduced portion:

             "On   being   further   explained   that    from     all    the
             statements and evidences (documents) confronted to
             him and all the statements tendered by him till that
             day, it was evident that the unregistered factory of
             manufacturing Pan masala and gutkha which was
             running at village Balenga, Distt. Bastar, Chhattisgarh
             was owned by him and he was controlling the same
             through   Rajkumar       Menghani     and     Shri         Nitin
             Sabaghchandani."


89.   The said reproduction is an incomplete sentence. What is reproduced

is only the question and the same is sought to be projected as a reply

given by the appellant. The reply to the question has not been reproduced.

A perusal of the actual statement dated 10.01.2020 would show that on

being asked whether based on the statements and evidence shown to him,

it stands established that he was the owner of the unregistered factory at

Village Balenga, District Bastar which manufactured pan masala and

gutkha and that he was controlling the same through Rajkumar Menghani

and Nitin Sabaghchandani, he replied that he did not take part in

controlling the said factory. He further categorically stated that he

disagreed with statements dated 11.10.2017 and 23.05.2019 of Anil

Prithwani.

90.   It, therefore, follows from the statements of Nitin Sabaghchandani,

Rajkumar Menghani and the appellant that it does not stand established

that the appellant was the manufacturer of the goods alleged to have been

manufactured in the factory at Khasra No.1340, Balenga, Bastar.

91.   The conclusion that follows from the aforesaid discussion is that

neither the Panchnamas dated 30.01.2017 and 24.01.2018, nor the
                                         47
                                                                   E/50198/2025 &
                                                                     E/50082/2025

statements recorded under section 14 of the Central Excise Act nor the

pocket diary can be taken into consideration. If these are discarded, there

is no evidence which may suggest that unaccounted pan masala and

gutkha were manufactured in the unregistered premises situated at

Khasra No. 1340, Village Balenga, District Bastar by the appellant with the

help of Rajkumar Menghani, Nitin Sabhagchandani and other persons and

the same were cleared without bills/invoices and without payment of

central excise duty.

92.      The confirmation of demand of central excise duty with interest upon

the appellant for the period April, 2016 to January, 2017, and its recovery

cannot, therefore, be sustained and is set aside. The imposition of penalty

and confiscation of the goods is also, accordingly, set aside.

93.      The department has filed Excise Appeal No. 50082 of 2025 to assail

that portion of the order dated 27.09.2024 passed by the Additional

Director General that drops the demand for the prior period from April,

2015 to March, 2016. As the demand for the subsequent period from April,

2016 to January, 2017 cannot be sustained, the appeal filed by the

department deserves to be dismissed.

94.      In the result, Excise Appeal No. 50198 of 2025 filed by the appellant

is allowed and Excise Appeal No. 50082 of 2025 filed by the department is

dismissed.

                         (Order pronounced on 06.04.2026)



                                                    (JUSTICE DILIP GUPTA)
                                                                  PRESIDENT




                                                            (P.V. SUBBA RAO)
                                                        MEMBER (TECHNICAL)
Shreya
                                        48
                                                                     E/50198/2025 &
                                                                       E/50082/2025

 CUSTOMS, EXCISE AND SERVICE TAX APPELLATE TRIBUNAL
                                  NEW DELHI

                          PRINCIPAL BENCH - COURT NO. I

                    EXICSE APPEAL NO. 50198 OF 2025

(Arising out of Order-in-Original No. 144/2024-CE dated 27.09.2024 passed by the
Additional Director of General (Adjudication), New Delhi)

Shri Natwar Lal Sharda,                                        .....Appellant
M-38-39, Mahesh Colony,
Near Tonk Phatak,
Jaipur - 302015

                                     VERSUS

Additional Director of General                                 .....Respondent
(Adjudication)
West Block VIII Wing-6,
2nd Floor, R.K. Puram,
New Delhi

APPEARANCE:
Shri J.C. Patel and Shri Nilesh Choudhary, Advocates for the Appellant
Shri P.R.V. Ramanan, Special Counsel for the Department

                                      WITH

E/52354/2024                     E/50199/2025                  E/50200/2025
E/50201/2025                     E/50202/2025                  E/50217/2025
E/50218/2025                     E/50220/2025                  E/50592/2025
E/50593/2025                     E/50597/2025                  E/50598/2025
E/50599/2025                     E/50600/2025                  E/50610/2025
E/50751/2025                     E/51241/2025

                                      AND

                                E/50082/2025

APPEARANCE:
Shri P.R.V. Ramanan, Special Counsel for the Department

Shri J.C. Patel and Shri Nilesh Choudhary, Advocates for the Respondent

CORAM:

HON'BLE MS. BINU TAMTA, MEMBER (JUDICIAL)
HON'BLE MR. P.V. SUBBA RAO, MEMBER (TECHNICAL)

                                                 Date of Hearing: 19.02.2026
                                                 Date of Decision: 06.04.2026
                 49
                                      E/50198/2025 &
                                        E/50082/2025

             ORDER

Order pronounced.

(BINU TAMTA) MEMBER (JUDICIAL) (P.V. SUBBA RAO) MEMBER (TECHNICAL) Shreya