Rajasthan High Court - Jaipur
Krishan Kumar Maheshwari And Anr vs State Of Rajasthan And Anr on 19 February, 2018
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jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; t;iqj ihB] t;iqj
vkns'k
S.B. Criminal Misc. Petition No. 2962/2016
1. Krishan Kumar Maheshwari Son of Shri Ramgopal by
caste Mahajan, Proprietor M/s Salasal Traders having office
at A-16, New Colony, Rampura, Dabadi, Chomu, District
Jaipur (Rajasthan).
2. Abhay Maheshwari Son of Shri Ramgopal by caste
Mahajan, M/s Salasal Traders having office at A-16, New
Colony, Rampura, Dabadi, Chomu, District Jaipur
(Rajasthan).
---Accused-Petitioners
Versus
1. State of Rajasthan through Public Prosecutor.
---Accused/Respondent
2. Ankit Garg Son of Shri Nawal Kishore Agarrwal Manager, M/s Bhivpuriawala, B-16, Chandpole Anaj Mandi, Jaipur R/o 43, Sec.3, Vidhyadhar Nagar Jaipur. (Rajasthan).
---Complainant-Respondent vkns'k fnukad % 19-02-2018 ekuuh; U;k;kf/kifr Jh cuokjhyky 'kekZ Jh jkts'k egf"kZ rFkk Jh iz'kkUr nqcs] vf/koDrk& ;kph dh vksj lsA Jh ohjsUnz xksnkjk] yksd vfHk;kstd okLrs jkT;A Jh lq/khj tSu] vf/koDrk&v;kph dh vksj lsA ;kphx.k vfHk;qDrx.k us ;g ;kfpdk /kkjk 482 n.M izfdz;k lafgrk ds izko/kkuksa ds rgr izLrqr dj muds fo:) iqfyl Fkkuk pkSew] ftyk&t;iqj xzkeh.k esa ntZ izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ la[;k 312@2016 vijk/k vUrxZr /kkjk 420] 406 Hkk-na-la- rFkk mldh leLr vkuq"kkafxd dk;Zokgh dks fujLr fd;s tkus dh izkFkZuk dh gSA izdj.k ds laf{kIr rF; bl izdkj gSa fd v;kph la[;k&2 ifjoknh vafdr xxZ us Fkkukf/kdkjh iqfyl Fkkuk pkSew] ftyk&t;iqj xzkeh.k ds -2- le{k ,d fyf[kr fjiksVZ bl vk'k; dh is'k dh fd& ^^lsok esa] Jheku Fkkukf/kdkjh egksn; iqfyl Fkkuk pkSew ftyk t;iqj fo"k;%& izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ fd;s tkus ckcrA ekU;oj] mDr fo"k; esa fuosnu gS fd eq> izkFkhZ dh QeZ Hkhoiqfj;kokyk ch&16 pkaniksy vukt e.Mh t;iqj esa fLFkr gS ftldk eSa izkFkhZ eSustj gwa esjh mDr QeZ fdjkus ,oa MªkbZ QzwV~l dk Fkksd O;olk; djrh gSA d`".k dqekj ekgs'ojh iq= Jh jkexksiky ekgs'ojh] eks- 9413339060 tks fd QeZ lkyklj VªsMlZ ,&16 U;w dkWyksuh] jkeiqjk MkcMh] Vksy Iyktk ds ikl iqfyl Fkkuk pkSew ftyk t;iqj dk ekfyd gS }kjk vius HkkbZ vHk; ekgs'ojh iq= Jh jkexksiky ekgs'ojh eks- 7340197963 ls iwoZ fu;ksftr lkft'k ds rgr csbZekuhiw.kZ vk'k; ls vkijkf/kd "kM;a= jpdj eq>ls NydiV dkfjr dj :i;s ,saBus dh fu;r ls eq>s csbZekuhiw.kZ vk'k; ls mRizsfjr o izoafpr dj ebZ 2015 ls esjh QeZ esa dktw m/kkj dz; djus izkjEHk fd;s rFkk mDr d`".k dqekj ekgs'ojh ,oa vHk; ekgs'ojh }kjk eq>s vk'oLr fd;k fd mldh QeZ }kjk ;fn mudh QeZ dks dktw m/kkj fn;s tkrs gS rks og mudk fu;fer le; ij Hkqxrku dj nsaxs rFkk vR;f/kd ek=k esa izkFkhZ dh QeZ ls dktw dz; djsaxs ftlls izkFkhZ dks dkQh uqdlku gksxkA izkFkhZ }kjk d`".k dqekj ekgs'ojh ,oa vHk; ekgs'ojh }kjk crk;s x;s rF;ksa ij ln~HkkoukiwoZd fo'okl dj 1 vizsy 2015 ls 18 ebZ 2016 rd d`".k dqekj ekgs'ojh ,oa vHk; ekgs'ojh dks mudh QeZ lkyklj VªsMlZ t;iqj gsrq dqy 2]82]01]315@& :i;s v{kjs nks djksM c;klh yk[k ,d gtkj rhu lkS iUnzg :i;s dk dktw fodz; fd;k x;k ftls mDr O;fDr;ksa }kjk dz; fd;k x;kA ftldh ,ot esa d`".k dqekj ekgs'ojh ,oa vHk; ekgs'ojh }kjk izkFkhZ dh QeZ dks 1]23]50]883@& :i;s v{kjs ,d djksM rsbZl yk[k ipkl gtkj vkB lkS rS;klh :i;s vnk fd;s x;s rFkk 26]27]965-48@& :i;s v{kjs NCchl yk[k lrkbZl gtkj ukS lkS iSlB :i;s vMrkyhl iSls dk Mªk; QzwV~l dh lkexzh izkFkhZ dks nh xbZ 'ks"k cph jkf'k 1]32]22]466-52@& :i;s v{kjs ,d djksM crhl yk[k ckbZl gtkj pkj lkS fN;klB :i;s ckou iSls izkFkhZ ds vusd erZck fuosnu ij Hkh d`".k dqekj ekgs'ojh o vHk; ekgs'ojh }kjk izkFkhZ dks vnk ugh fd;s x;sA bl izdkj izkFkhZ QeZ ds d`".k dqekj ekgs'ojh ,oa vHk; ekgs'ojh dh lkyklj VªsMlZ t;iqj esa dqy 1]32]22]466-52@& :i;s v{kjs ,d djksM crhl yk[k ckbZl gtkj pkj lkS fN;klB :i;s ckou iSls cdk;k 'ks"k gS tks izkFkhZ dks mDr O;fDr;ksa }kjk ckj ckj ryc rdkts ds Hkh vnk ugh fd;s tk jgs gSA bl izdkj d`".k dqekj ekgs'ojh ,oa vHk; ekgs'ojh }kjk vkil esa laxfBr gksdj iwoZ fu;ksftr vkijkf/kd lkft'k ds rgr izkFkhZ dks eky nsus gsrq izoafpr dj izkFkhZ dks fo'okl esa ysdj izkFkhZ dh QeZ ls ewY;oku jkf'k dk eky dz; fd;k x;k rFkk -3- izkFkhZ }kjk mDr O;fDr;ksa }kjk of.kZr fd;s x;s rF;ksa ij ln~HkkoukiwoZd fo'okl dj d`".k dqekj ekgs'ojh ,oa vHk; ekgs'ojh dks eky fn;k x;k ftldh ,ot esa d`".k dqekj ekgs'ojh ,oa vHk; ekgs'ojh ds gd esa dqy 1]32]22]466- 52@& :i;s v{kjs ,d djksM crhl yk[k ckbZl gtkj pkj lkS fN;klB :i;s ckou iSls vkt Hkh cdk;k 'ks"k gS tks vkt fnol rd Hkh mDr O;fDr;ksa }kjk izkFkhZ dks vnk ugh dh xbZA bl izdkj mijksDr O;fDr;ksa }kjk NydiV dkfjr dj csbZekuhiw.kZ vk'k; ls izkFkhZ ds lkFk /kks[kk/kMh dkfjr dj vkijkf/kd U;kl Hkax fd;k x;kA izkFkhZ ds mDr O;fDr;ksa ls :i;s ekaxus ij mDr O;fDr;ksa }kjk yxkrkj izkFkhZ dks tku ls ekjus rFkk >waBs eqdnesa Qalkus dh /kedh nh tk jgh gS rFkk /kedk;k tk jgk gS fd og mudk dqN Hkh ugh dj ldrk D;ksafd mudh mPp jktuSfrd o iz'kklfud igqap gSA vr% izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ izLrqr dj Jheku ls fuosnu gS fd izkFkhZ dh fjiksVZ ntZ dj d`".k dqekj ekgs'ojh o vHk; ekgs'ojh ds fo:) l[r ls l[r dkuwuh dk;Zokgh djus dh d`ik djsA SD vafdr xxZ iq= Jh uoy fd'kksj vxzoky] tkfr egktu ckgsfl;r eSustj QeZ Hkhoiqfj;kokyk ch&16 pkaniksy vukt e.Mh t;iqj ftyk t;iqjA eks- 9829565608^^ mDr fjiksVZ ij iqfyl Fkkuk pkSew] ftyk&t;iqj xzkeh.k us izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ 312@2016 /kkjk 420] 406 Hkk-na-la- ds vijk/k esa ntZ dj vuqla/kku izkjEHk fd;k x;kA izdj.k orZeku esa vuqla/kkuk/khu gSA ;kphx.k vf/koDrk Jh jkts'k egf"kZ us fuosnu fd;k gS fd ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us State of Haryana & Ors. Vs. Ch. Bhajan Lal & Ors. [1992 Suppl (1) SCC 335] ds izdj.k esa izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ dks fujLr fd;s tkus ds laca/k esa lkr vk/kkj crk;s gSaA gLrxr izdj.k esa izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ds voyksdu ls gh Li"V gS fd i{kdkjksa ds e/; O;olkf;d ysu&nsu dks ysdj cdk;k jkf'k vnk ugha djus dk fookn gSA izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ esa Li"V :i ls fy[kk x;k gS fd ;kphx.k vkSj v;kph la[;k&2 ifjoknh ds e/; O;olkf;d ysu&nsu 01vizsy] 2015 ls 18ebZ] 2016 rd vFkkZr 13eghus 18 fnu rd cjkcj pyk gS vkSj tks eky ;kphx.k }kjk dz; djuk crk;k x;k gS] mlds isVs ;kphx.k }kjk 1]23]50]883@& ¼v{kjs ,d djksM rsbZl yk[k ipkl gtkj vkB lkS frjklh½ :i;s vnk;xh djuk ifjoknh us Lohdkj fd;k gS vkSj 1]32]22]466-52@& ¼v{kjs ,d djksM cRrhl yk[k ckbZl gtkj pkj lkS NklB :i;s ckou iSls½ dh jkf'k m/kkj fn;s x;s eky isVs cdk;k gksuk crk;k gSA mUgksaus fuosnu fd;k gS fd izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ esa v;kph ifjoknh us ;g ntZ fd;k gS fd ^^;kphx.k us iwoZ fu;ksftr -4- lkft'k ds rgr csbZekuhiw.kZ vk'k; ls vkijkf/kd "kM;a= jpdj eq>ls NydiV dkfjr dj :ils ,saBus dh uh;r ls eq>s csbZekuhiw.kZ vk'k; ls mRizsfjr o izoafpr dj ebZ 2015 ls esjh QeZ esa dktw m/kkj dz; djus izkjEHk fd;sA^^ mUgksaus fuosnu fd;k gS fd tc izkjEHk ls gh v;kph ifjoknh dks ;kphx.k dk csbZekuhiw.kZ vk'k; ekywe Fkk fQj Hkh mlus ckj&ckj mUgsa m/kkj fn;k tks ;g n'kkZrk gS fd ,slk dksbZ vk'k; ;kphx.k dk ugha Fkk] cfYd lk/kkj.k ysu&nsu dk ekeyk gS rFkk cdk;k jkf'k olwy djus ds fy, ;g izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ djk;h x;h gS rkfd iqfyl ds izHkko ls cdk;k jkf'k olwy dh tk ldsA mUgksaus ;g Hkh fuosnu fd;k gS fd eky dh [kjhn&Qjks[r ,d ckj dh ugha gS] cfYd 41 ckj esa 41 fcyksa ls gSA vnk;xh Hkh 12 ckj dh x;h gSA vr% izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ds voyksdu ls gh ekeyk vkilh ysu&nsu ,oa flfoy izd`fr dk curk gSA vr% ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; ds State of Haryana & Ors. Vs. Ch. Bhajan Lal & Ors. ¼mijksDr½ izdj.k dks e/;utj j[krs gq, vk{ksfir izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ¼,usDlj&1½ rFkk mldh leLr vkuq"kkafxd dk;Zokgh dks fujLr fd;k tkosA fo}ku vf/koDrk ;kphx.k us vius rdksaZ ds leFkZu esa bl U;k;ky; }kjk vfuy nwnkHkkbZ dusfj;k o vU; cuke LVsV vkWQ jktLFkku o vU; ,dyihB QkStnkjh fofo/k ;kfpdk la[;k 1910@2016 esa fnukad 17-05-2017 dks ikfjr vkns'k dk voyEcu fy;k gSA mDr rdksaZ dk fojks/k djrs gq, fo}ku vf/koDrk ifjoknh us fuosnu fd;k gS fd izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ esa gh ;kphx.k&vfHk;qDrx.k dk csbZekuhiw.kZ vk'k; 'kq: ls gksus dk vk{ksi gS] ftlls /kkjk 415 Hkk-na-la- esa /kks[ks dks ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gS] mleas ;g izdj.k iw.kZ :i ls doj gksrk gS rFkk tks U;kf;d n`"VkUr ;kphx.k dh vksj ls is'k fd;k x;k gS] og bl izdj.k ij pLik ugha gksrk gSA mUgksaus fuosnu fd;k gS fd izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ dks fujLr djrs le; flQZ mlesa of.kZr rF;ksa dks ns[kk tkuk pkfg,] vU; rF;ksa ij dksbZ fopkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA rnuqlkj mUgksaus ;kfpdk vLohdkj fd;s tkus dk fuosnu fd;kA fo}ku yksd vfHk;kstd Jh ohjsUnz xksnkjk us Hkh v;kph la[;k&2 ifjoknh ds vf/koDrk dh vksj ls izLrqr rdksaZ dk leFkZu djrs gq, ;kfpdk vLohdkj fd;s tkus dk fuosnu fd;kA -5- lquk x;k] mHk; i{k ds rdksaZ ij fopkj fd;k x;kA ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us State of Haryana & Ors. Vs. Ch. Bhajan Lal & Ors. ¼mijksDr½ ds izdj.k esas izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ dks fujLr fd;s tkus ds laca/k esa fuEu lkr vk/kkj crk;s gSa& "105. In the backdrop of the interpretation of the various relevant provisions of the Code under Chapter XIV and of the principles of law enunciated by this Court in a series of decisions relating to the exercise of the extra-ordinary power under Article 226 or the inherent powers Under Section 482 of the Code which we have extracted and reproduced above, we give the following categories of cases by way of illustration wherein such power could be exercised either to prevent abuse of the process of any Court or otherwise to secure the ends of justice, though it may not be possible to lay down any precise, clearly defined and sufficiently channelised and inflexible guidelines or rigid formulae and to give an exhaustive list of myriad kinds of cases wherein such power should be exercised.
1. Where the allegations made in the First Information Report or the complaint, even if they are taken at their face value and accepted in their entirety do not prima-facie constitute any offence or make out a case against the accused.
2. Where the allegations in the First Information Report and other materials, if any, accompanying the F.I.R. do not disclose a cognizable offence, justifying an investigation by police officers Under Section 156(1) of the Code except under an order of a Magistrate within the purview of Section 155(2) of the Code.
3. Where the uncontroverted allegations made in the FIR or complaint and the evidence collected in support of the same do not disclose the commission of any offence and make out a case against the accused.
-6-4. Where, the allegations in the F.I.R. do not constitute a cognizable offence but constitute only a non-cognizable offence, no investigation is permitted by a police officer without an order of a Magistrate as contemplated Under Section 155(2) of the Code.
5. Where the allegations made in the FIR or complaint are so absurd and inherently improbable on the basis of which no prudent person can ever reach a just conclusion that there is sufficient ground for proceeding against the accused.
6. Where there is an express legal bar engrafted in any of the provisions of the Code or the concerned Act (under which a criminal proceeding is instituted) to the institution and continuance of the proceedings and/or where there is a specific provision in the Code or the concerned Act, providing efficacious redress for the grievance of the aggrieved party.
7. Where a criminal proceeding is manifestly attended with mala fide and/or where the proceeding is maliciously instituted with an ulterior motive for wreaking vengeance on the accused and with a view to spite him due to private and personal grudge."
gLrxr izdj.k esa izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ds voyksdu ls gh Li"V gS fd ;kphx.k vkSj v;kph l[a;k&2 ifjoknh ds e/; dktw dh [kjhn&fodz; dk O;olk; 01vizsy] 2015 ls 18ebZ] 2016 rd yxkrkj pyk gS vkSj ;kphx.k ds vuqlkj dqy 41 fcyksa ds ek/;e ls 41 ckj [kjhn gqbZ gS rFkk 12 ckj le;≤ ij jkf'k vnk dh x;h gSA izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ esa gh izR;FkhZ la[;k&2 ifjonh us Hkh 13ekg 18 fnu ysu&nsu gksuk Lohdkj fd;k gSA ftlls ;g Li"V gS fd tks dktw izR;FkhZ la[;k&2 ifjoknh us ;kphx.k dks m/kkj fn;s] mudh jkf'k le;≤ ij ;kphx.k ls izkIr gksrh vkSj vUr esa tks jkf'k cdk;k jgh] og jkf'k ;kphx.k }kjk vnk ugha djus ij ;g izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ntZ djk;h x;hA rnuqlkj izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ esa ek= ;g fy[k nsus ls fd ;kphx.k dk 'kq: ls gh csbZekuh dk vk'k; jgk gS] izFken`"V;k izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ esa of.kZr rF;ksa ds vk/kkj ij ugha ekuk tk -7- ldrkA Binod Kumar and Others Vs State of Bihar and Another (2014) 10 SCC 663 ds izdj.k esa ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd& "Section 420 IPC deals with cheating. Essential ingredients of Section 420 IPC are:- (i) cheating; (ii) dishonest inducement to deliver property or to make, alter or destroy any valuable security or anything which is sealed or signed or is capable of being converted into a valuable security, and (iii) mens rea of the accused at the time of making the inducement.
In the present case, looking at the allegations in the complaint on the face of it, we find no allegations are made attracting the ingredients of Section 405 IPC. Likewise, there are no allegations as to cheating or the dishonest intention of the appellants in retaining the money in order to have wrongful gain to themselves or causing wrongful loss to the complainant. Excepting the bald allegations that the appellants did not make payment to the second respondent and that the appellants utilized the amounts either by themselves or for some other work, there is no iota of allegation as to the dishonest intention in misappropriating the property. To make out a case of criminal breach of trust, it is not sufficient to show that money has been retained by the appellants. It must also be shown that the appellants dishonestly disposed of the same in some way or dishonestly retained the same. The mere fact that the appellants did not pay the money to the complainant does not amount to criminal breach of trust. Even if all the allegations in the complaint taken at the face value are true, in our view, the basic essential ingredients of dishonest misappropriation and cheating are missing. Criminal proceedings are not a short cut for other remedies. Since no case of criminal breach of trust or dishonest intention of inducement is made out and the essential -8- ingredients of Sections 405/420 IPC are missing, the prosecution of the appellants under Sections 406/120B IPC, is liable to be quashed."
blh izdkj International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and new materials (ARCI) and others Vs Nimra Cerglass Technics Private Limited and Another reported in (2016) 1 SCC 348 ds izdj.k esa ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd& "In the light of the well-settled principles, it is to be seen whether the allegations in the complaint filed against ARCI and its officers for the alleged failure to develop extruded ceramic honeycomb as per specifications disclose offences punishable under Sections 419 and 420 IPC. It is to be seen that whether the averments in the complaint make out a case to constitute an offence of cheating. The essential ingredients to attract Section 420 IPC are: (i) cheating;
(ii) dishonest inducement to deliver property or to make, alter or destroy any valuable security or anything which is sealed or signed or is capable of being converted into a valuable security and
(iii) mens rea of the accused at the time of making the inducement. The making of a false representation is one of the essential ingredients to constitute the offence of cheating under Section 420 IPC. In order to bring a case for the offence of cheating, it is not merely sufficient to prove that a false representation had been made, but, it is further necessary to prove that the representation was false to the knowledge of the accused and was made in order to deceive the complainant.
The distinction between mere breach of contract and the cheating would depend upon the intention of the accused at the time of alleged inducement. If it is established that the intention of the accused was dishonest at the very time when he made a promise and entered into a transaction with the complainant -9- to part with his property or money, then the liability is criminal and the accused is guilty of the offence of cheating. On the other hand, if all that is established that a representation made by the accused has subsequently not been kept, criminal liability cannot be foisted on the accused and the only right which the complainant acquires is the remedy for breach of contract in a civil court. Mere breach of contract cannot give rise to criminal prosecution for cheating unless fraudulent or dishonest intention is shown at the beginning of the transaction. In S.W. Palanitkar & Ors. vs. State of Bihar & Anr. (2002) 1 SCC 241, this Court held as under:
"......In order to constitute an offence of cheating, the intention to deceive should be in existence at the time when the inducement was made. It is necessary to show that a person had fraudulent or dishonest intention at the time of making the promise, to say that he committed an act of cheating. A mere failure to keep up promise subsequently cannot be presumed as an act leading to cheating."
The above view in Palanitkar's case was referred to and followed in Rashmi Jain vs. State of Uttar Pradesh & Anr.
(2014) 13 SCC 553. In M/s Indian Oil Corporation vs. NEPC India Ltd. & Ors., (2006) 6 SCC 736, this court observed that civil liability cannot be converted into criminal liability and held as under:-
"13. While on this issue, it is necessary to take notice of a growing tendency in business circles to convert purely civil disputes into criminal cases. This is obviously on account of a prevalent impression that civil law remedies are time consuming and do not adequately protect the interests of lenders/creditors. Such a tendency is seen in several family disputes also, leading to irretrievable breakdown of marriages/families. There is also an impression that if a person could somehow be entangled in a criminal prosecution, there is a likelihood of imminent settlement. Any effort to settle civil disputes and claims, which do -10- not involve any criminal offence, by applying pressure through criminal prosecution should be deprecated and discouraged. In G. Sagar Suri v. State of U.P. (2000) 2 SCC 636 this Court observed: (SCC p. 643, para 8) "It is to be seen if a matter, which is essentially of a civil nature, has been given a cloak of criminal offence. Criminal proceedings are not a short cut of other remedies available in law. Before issuing process a criminal court has to exercise a great deal of caution. For the accused it is a serious matter. This Court has laid certain principles on the basis of which the High Court is to exercise its jurisdiction under Section 482 of the Code. Jurisdiction under this section has to be exercised to prevent abuse of the process of any court or otherwise to secure the ends of justice."
While no one with a legitimate cause or grievance should be prevented from seeking remedies available in criminal law, a complainant who initiates or persists with a prosecution, being fully aware that the criminal proceedings are unwarranted and his remedy lies only in civil law, should himself be made accountable, at the end of such misconceived criminal proceedings, in accordance with law. One positive step that can be taken by the courts, to curb unnecessary prosecutions and harassment of innocent parties, is to exercise their power under Section 250 CrPC more frequently, where they discern malice or frivolousness or ulterior motives on the part of the complainant. Be that as it may."
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