Allahabad High Court
Umesh Mani & Others vs State Of U.P. on 28 September, 2018
Bench: Amreshwar Pratap Sahi, Bachchoo Lal
HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT ALLAHABAD lqjf{kr ¼,0,Q0vkj0½ 1&nkf.Md vihy la[;k 7808 o"kZ 2009 mes'k ef.k ,oa vU;----------------------------- vihykFkhZx.k izfr jkT; mRrj izns'k ----------------------- foi{kh 2& nkf.Md vihy la[;k 7771 o"kZ 2009 nhu n;ky ef.k ------------------- vihykFkhZ izfr jkT; mRrj izns'k -------------- foi{kh ,oa 3& nkf.Md vihy la[;k 7925 o"kZ 2009 pUnz izdk'k ef.k ------------------- vihykFkhZ izfr jkT; mRrj izns'k -------------- foi{kh ekuuh; vejs'oj izrki lkgh] U;k;ewfrZ ekuuh; cPpw yky] U;k;ewfrZ ¼ekuuh; cPpw yky] U;k;ewfrZ }kjk iznRr fu.kZ;½ vihykFkhZx.k mes'k ef.k] txnh'k ef.k rFkk jfo 'kadj ef.k us nkf.Md vihy la[;k 7808 o"kZ 2009] vihykFkhZ nhu n;ky ef.k us nkf.Md vihy la[;k 7771 o"kZ 2009 rFkk vihykFkhZ pUnz izdk'k ef.k us nkf.Md vihy la[;k 7925 o"kZ 2009 fo}ku vij tuin ,oa l= U;k;k/kh'k] d{k la[;k 6] nsofj;k }kjk l= ijh{k.k la[;k 260 o"kZ 1998 esa ikfjr fu.kZ; ,oa vkns'k fnukad 2&12&2009 ds fo:} ;ksftr dh gSA ftlds }kjk vihykFkhZx.k mes'k ef.k] txnh'k ef.k] jfo 'kadj ef.k] nhu n;ky ef.k rFkk pUnz izdk'k ef.k dks nks"kh ikrs gq, /kkjk 147 Hkk0na0la0 ds vUrxZr nks&nks o"kZ ds dBksj dkjkokl ,oa /kkjk 148 Hkk0 na0 la0 ds vUrxZr nks&nks o"kZ ds dBksj dkjkokl rFkk vihykFkhZ mes'k ef.k dks /kkjk 302 lifBr /kkjk 149 Hkk0 na0 la0 ds vUrxZr vkthou lJe dkjkokl ,oa iPphl gtkj :i;s ds vFkZn.M] vFkZn.M vnk u djus dh fLFkfr esa 6 ekg dk vfrfjDr dkjkokl] vihykFkhZx.k txnh'k ef.k] jfo 'kadj ef.k] nhu n;ky ef.k rFkk pUnz izdk'k ef.k dks /kkjk 302 lifBr /kkjk 149 Hkk0 na0 la0 ds vUrxZr izR;sd dks vkthou lJe dkjkokl ,oa ikap&ikap gtkj :i;s ds vFkZn.M] vFkZn.M vnk u djus dh fLFkfr esa nks&nks ekg dk vfrfjDr dkjkokl] vihykFkhZx.k mes'k ef.k] txnh'k ef.k] jfo 'kadj ef.k] nhu n;ky ef.k rFkk pUnz izdk'k ef.k dks /kkjk 307 lifBr /kkjk 149 Hkk0 na0 la0 ds vUrxZr nl&nl o"kZ ds dBksj dkjkokl ,oa nks&nks gtkj :i;s ds vFkZn.M] vFkZn.M vnk u djus dh fLFkfr esa ,d&,d ekg dk vfrfjDr dkjkokl rFkk /kkjk 323 lifBr /kkjk 149 Hkk0 na0 la0 ds vUrxZr ,d&,d o"kZ ds dBksj dkjkokl ,oa /kkjk 504 Hkk0 na0 la0 ds vUrxZr ,d&,d o"kZ ds dBksj dkjkokl ds n.M ls nf.Mr fd;k x;k gS rFkk ;g Hkh vknsf'kr fd;k x;k fd vihykFkhZx.k dh lHkh ltk;sa lkFk&lkFk pysxhaA vfHk;kstu i{k dk dFku la{ksi esa bl izdkj gS fd vfHk;ksxh lw;Z izdk'k ef.k iq= lqjsUnzz ef.k fuoklh xzke cjkjh Fkkuk xkSjh cktkj ftyk nsofj;k us fnukad 1&5&1998 dks ,d fyf[kr rgjhj Fkkuk xkSjhcktkj esa bl vk'k; dk izLrqr fd;k fd mlds ifjokj ,oa txnh'k ef.k ds ifjokj ls eqdnesackth dh jaft'k pyh vk jgh gS vkSj bl le; jkLrs dks ysdj fookn py jgk Fkk] ftlesa mlds i{k esa U;k;ky; ls vkns'k gqvk Fkk] ftlls txnh'k ef.k ds ifjokj ds yksx vkSj lg;ksxh dkQh ukjkt Fks vkSj vUnj gh vUnj vfHk;ksxh i{k ds yksxksa dh gR;k djus dh ;kstuk cuk jgs Fks vkSj blh jaft'k ds dkj.k vkt fnukad 1&5&1998 dks le; 7&00 cts lqcg tc og] mlds firk lqjsUnz ef.k] mldk NksVk HkkbZ misUnz ef.k rFkk NksVh cgu vfurk ef.k vius njokts ij cSBdj vkil esa ckr dj jgs Fks] mes'k ef.k iq= txnh'k ef.k viuh ykblsalh cUnwd fy, vkSj txnh'k ef.k iq= Hkh[ke vius gkFk esa dV~Vk fy, pUnz izdk'k ef.k iq= Hkh[ke Hkh vius gkFk esa dV~Vk fy, vkSj buds lg;ksxh jfo 'kadj ef.k iq= izHkwukFk ef.k o cStukFk ef.k iq= ujflag ef.k] ekjd.Ms; ef.k iq= lqjsUnz ef.k vius gkFk esa dV~Vk fy, rFkk nhu n;ky ef.k vius gkFk esa bZaV ysdj ,dk,d ,d lkFk mlds njokts ij p< vk;s vkSj Hkn~nh Hkn~nh xkfy;ka nsus yxs rFkk xkfy;ka nsrs gq, nhu n;ky ef.k iq= Jh jke ef.k us yydkj dj dgk fd ekj nks lkyksa dks ge yksxksa dks cgqr gh ijs'kku fd;k gS rFkk ijs'kku dj jgk gS brus esa lHkh vfHk;qDrx.k vius vius gkFk esa fy, cUnwd o dV~Vs ls tku ls ekjus dh fu;r ls mu lc yksxksa ij Qk;j djus yxsA vfHk;qDrx.k mes'k ef.k o txnh'k ef.k rFkk pUnz izdk'k ef.k us mlds firk ij Qk;j fd;k] ftlls mlds firk ds lhus] lhus ds fupys isV ij ilyh o ck;sa iSj esa pksV yxh rFkk jfo 'kadj ef.k] cStukFk ef.k vkSj ekjd.Ms; ef.k us Qk;j fd;k] ftlls mldh cgu vfurk dks NjsZ yxs rFkk mes'k ef.k us viuh cUnwd ls mlds HkkbZ misUnz ef.k ds Åij Qk;j fd;k ftlls mlds lhus o isV ij pksV yxhA nhu n;ky ef.k us bZaV iRFkj pyk dj mlds HkkbZ misUnz ef.k ,oa mlds firk lqjsUnz ef.k dks ekj dj pksVsa igqapk;hA vfHk;ksxh xkao okyksa rFkk xokgku dh enn ls vius firk lqjsUnz ef.k] HkkbZ misUnz ef.k rFkk cgu dq0 vfurk ef.k dks ?kk;ykoLFkk esa bykt gsrq ftyk vLirky nsofj;k yk jgk FkkA xkao ls fudyrs mlds HkkbZ misUnz dh e`R;q gks x;h rFkk vLirky igqaprs igqaprs mlds firk dh e`R;q gks x;h ftuds 'ko ftyk vLirky nsofj;k esa gS rFkk mldh cgu vfurk dk bykt ftyk vLirky nsofj;k esa gks jgk gSA bl ?kVuk dks oh'ks"kj ef.k iq= xkSjh uUnu ef.k fuoklh cjkjh o lqjsUnz ef.k iq= nhi ef.k fuoklh cjkjh Fkkuk xkSjh cktkj ftyk nsofj;k o xkao ds cgqr ls yksxksa us ns[kk gSA oknh dh mDr fyf[kr rgjhj ds vk/kkj ij mlh fnu fnukad 1&5&1998 dks le; 9&30 cts vihykFkhZx.k rFkk nks vU; ekjd.Ms; ef.k o cStukFk ef.k ds fo:} eqdnek iathd`r fd;k x;kA fpd izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ izn'kZ d&3 gS rFkk dk;eh eqdnek ls lEcfU/kr th0 Mh0 dh izfr izn'kZ d&4 gSA ekeys dh foospuk oh0 ds0 feJk] rRdkyhu Fkkuk/;{k xkSjhcktkj ftyk nsofj;k ds lqiqnZ dh x;h mUgksus oknh eqdnek lw;Z izdk'k ef.k dk c;ku vafdr fd;k rFkk vius gejkfg;ku iqfyl cy ds lkFk ?kVukLFky ij x;s rFkk eqyfteku dh fxjQrkjh gsrq nfc'k nh ijUrq os nLr;kc ugha gq,A e`rd lqjsUnz ef.k rFkk misUnz ef.k ds 'koksa dk iapk;rukek fnukad 1&5&1998 dks vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 10 f=Hkqou pkScs] ,l0 vkbZ0 }kjk rS;kj fd;k x;kA e`rd lqjsUnz ef.k dk iapk;rukek izn'kZ d&10 gS rFkk mlls lEcfU/kr layXud izi= uewuk eksgj] iqfyl izi= la[;k 13] QksVks uk'k] fpV~Bh eq[; fpfdRlkf/kdkjh rFkk fjiksVZ izfrlkj fujh{kd dze'k% izn'kZ d&12 yxk;r izn'kZ d&15 o izn'kZ d&19 gS rFkk e`rd misUnz ef.k dk iapk;rukek izn'kZ d&16 o mlls lEcfU/kr layXud izi= iqfyl izi= la[;k&13] QksVks uk'k] fjiksVZ izfrlkj fujh{kd o fpV~Bh eq[; fpfdRlkf/kdkjh dze'k% izn'kZ d&17] izn'kZ d&18] izn'kZ d&23 o izn'kZ d&26 gSA fnukad 1&5&1998 dks le; 4&45 ih0 ,e0 ij e`rd misUnz ef.k mez 16 o"kZ ds 'ko dk 'ko foPNsnu vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 7 MkDVj lh0 ih0 flag xkSre }kjk fd;k x;kA e`rd misUnz ef.k ds 'kjhj ij e`R;q iwoZ dh fuEufyf[kr pksVsa ik;h x;h&% okg~; ijh{k.k& 1& cgqla[;d vkXus;kL= ?kko ¼Qk;j vkElZ oqUM½ tks fd 1@2 lseh- ls 1@4 lseh- rd xksykbZ esa Fks tks lhus ij lkeus ds rjQ 20 x 25 lseh- ds {ks= esa Fkk bles ls dqN ?kko lhus ds dSfoVh rd Fkk vkSj dqN ekalisf'k;ksa ds xgjkbZ rd FkkA 2& 9 Qk;j vkElZ oq.M 10 x 12 lseh- ds ,fj;k esa ck;sa cktw ds Åijh fgLls esa Fkk tks Hkhrj ds rjQ FkkA ;s vkdkj esa 1@2 lseh ls ysdj 1@4 lseh- rd Fkk vkSj ekal dh xgjkbZ rd FkkA 3& QVk gqvk ?kko 1@2 lseh- ds MkbehVj esa ck;sa gkFk dksguh ds vUnj dh rjQ tksM ij FkkA 4& QVk gqvk ?kko 3 lseh- x 2 lseh- x peMk dh xgjkbZ rd tks isV ds cka;h rjQ 11 lseh- ukHkh ls Åij vkSj ckgj dh rjQA 5& [kjk'k dk fu'kku 4 x 2 lseh- cak;s ?kqVus ds ckgj dh rjQA cka;s rjQ dh rhljh pkSFkh ilyh dh gM~Mh VwVh FkhA LVjue (Sternum) Hkh VwV x;k FkkA nks NksVs /kkrq ds NjsZ cka;s ckag esa feys FksA vkUrfjd ijh{k.k%& nksuksa rjQ dh QsQMs dh f>Yyh QV x;h FkhA nka;k QsQMs ls nks NjsZ /kkrq ds ik;s x;sA cka;s QsQMs dh dSfoVh esa 200 ,e0 ,y0 [kwu ik;k x;kA g`n; dh f>Yyh (Pericardium) Hkh QVk gqvk Fkk blessa ls Hkh 03 ¼rhu½ /kkrq ds NksVs NjsZ ik;s x;s FksA vek'k; [kkyh FkkA yhoj Hkh QVk gqvk Fkk blesa ls Hkh ,d /kkrw dk NjksZ cka;s rjQ yhoj ls ik;k x;k FkkA fir dh FkSyh Hkjh gqbZ FkhA ew=k'k; Hkh vk/kk Hkjk gqvk FkkA MkDVj ds vuqlkj] e`rd misUnz ef.k dh e`R;q cgqr vf/kd jDrlzko gks tkus ls vkSj 'kkd ds dkj.k gqbZ FkhA e`rd misUnz ef.k dh iksLVekVZe fjiksVZ izn'kZ d&5 gSA mlh fnu fnukad 1&5&1998 dks le; 4&10 ih0 ,e0 ij e`rd lqjsUnz ef.k ds 'ko dk 'ko foPNsnu vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 7 MkDVj lh0 ih0 flag xkSre }kjk fd;k x;kA e`rd lqjsUnz ef.k ds 'kjhj ij e`R;q iwoZ dh fuEufyf[kr pksVsa ik;h x;h&% 1& QVk gqvk ?kko 5 x 1 lseh- x gM~Mh rd dh xgjkbZ rd [kksiMh ds chpks chp esa tks xnZu ds tM ls 8 lseh- ukd dh tM ls ÅijA 2& 0-5 lseh- x 1 lseh- xksykbZ esa x lhus dh dSfoVh dh xgjkbZ rd nkfgus rjQ nkfgus fuIiy ls 8 lseh- uhps rFkk Hkhrj dh rjQA 3& ,y0 Mcyw0 ¼QVk gqvk ?kko½ 0-5 lseh- xksykbZ esa x isV dh dSfoVh dh xgjkbZ rd tks fd nkfgus lhus ds 12 lseh- uhps uhiqy lsA 4& QVk gqvk ?kko 2 lseh- x 1 lseh x isV dh dSfoVh dh xgjkbZ rd tks nkfgus isV ds ckgjh rjQ ekStwn FkkA 5& QVk gqvk ?kko 2 lseh- x 1@2 lseh x 1@2 lseh- cka;s gkFk ds ckgjh fgLls (Dorsum) dkuh vaxqyh ds tksM ls 1 lseh- ÅijA 6& QVk gqvk ?kko 4 lseh- x 1 lseh x gM~Mh dh xgjkbZ rd cak;s iSj ds Hkhrjh fgLls V[kus ls 12 lseh- ÅijA vkUrfjd ijh{k.k%& nkfguk QsQMs dh f>Yyh QVh gqbZ FkhA nkfguk QsQMk Hkh QVk gqvk Fkk QsQMs ds ?kj esa 200 ,e0 ,y0 jDr ekStwn Fkk rFkk ,d NksVk /kkrq dk NjkZ feykA isV dh nhokysa Hkjh gqbZ FkhA isjhVksZfu;e (Peritornium) nkfgus rjQ dh QVh gqbZ FkhA isV ds vUnj 250 ,e0 ,y0 [kwu ekStwn FkkA vek'k; esa 150 ,e0 ,y0 ipk gqvk Hkkstu ekStwn FkkA vkarks dk ,d fgLlk tks Jleum dgykrk gS og QVk gqvk Fkk blesa ls ,d NksVk /kkrq dk NjkZ feyk FkkA nkfgus rjQ dk dystk (Lever) QVk gqvk Fkk ihr dh FkSyh Hkjh gqbZ Fkh yhoj esa ,d NksVk /kkrq dk NjkZ cjken fd;k x;kA MkDVj ds vuqlkj] e`rd lqjsUnz ef.k dh e`R;q cgqr vf/kd jDrlzko rFkk mlds ckn 'kkd esa tkus ls Qk;j vkElZ oqUM ls vk;h pksV ds dkj.k gqbZ FkhA e`rd lqjsUnz ef.k dh iksLVekVZe fjiksVZ izn'kZ d&6 gSA pqVSy vuhrk ef.k dk MkDVjh ijh{k.k fnukad 1&5&1998 dks le; 7&40 ,0 ,e0 ij vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 4 MkDVj lqjsUnz cgknqj }kjk fd;k x;kA bl pqVSy ds 'kjhj ij fuEu pksVsa ik;h x;h%& 1& lkr vkXus;kL= dh izo`f"V dh pksV] nkfgus cktw vxzHkkx ds pkjksa rjQ rFkk dsgquh ds pkjksa rjQ Hkh vkxs dh rjQ tks nkfgus dykbZ ls 12 lseh0 Åij vkSj dU/ks ls 15 lseh0 uhps fLFkr gSA pksV ij CySdfuax ,.M VSVksbZax ekStwn FkhA bl pksV ds fy, ,Dljs dh lykg pqVSy dks fn;k x;kA pksV rkth FkhA MkDVj ds vuqlkj] pksV ua0 1 vkXus;kL= }kjk vk;h gksxhA bl pqVSy dh batjh fjiksVZ izn'kZ d&2 gSA pqVSy dq0 lhek dk MkDVjh ijh{k.k fnukad 1&5&1998 dks le; 3&48 ih0 ,e0 ij vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 8 MkDVj ,y0 ih0 xqIrk }kjk fd;k x;kA bl pqVSy ds 'kjhj ij fuEu pksVsa ik;h x;h%& 1& uhyxw lwtu 12 lseh0 x 10 lseh0 cka;s vxzHkqtk ij cka;s dU/ks ij vkSj cka;s dU/ks ihNs okys Hkkx ijA pksV dks fuxjkuh esa j[krs gq, ,Dljs dh lykg nh x;hA pksV dk jax yky FkkA 2& cka;s pwrM ij nnZ crk jgh Fkh ysfdu pksV dk fu'kku ugh FkkA MkDVj ds vuqlkj pksV uEcj 1 fdlh dqUnvkys ls vk;h FkhA ;s pksV djhc ,d fnu ds vUnj dh FkhA gM~Mh ds MkDVj ds ikl Hkstk x;kA bl pqVSy dh batjh fjiksVZ izn'kZ d&7 gSA MkDVj us ;g Hkh mYys[k fd;k fd bl pqVSy dh pksV uEcj 1 cMs lkbt ds baZV ls vkuk Hkh lEHko gSA bl ekeys dh vfxze foospuk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 9 jke 'kadj frokjh] Fkkuk/;{k }kjk lEiUu dh x;hA mUgksus fnukad 2&5&1998 dks vfHk;qDr pUnz izdk'k ef.k] txnh'k ef.k dks fxjQrkj fd;k rFkk muds c;ku vafdr fd;sA ?kVukLFky dk fujh{k.k dj uD'kk utjh izn'kZ d&8 rS;kj fd;k rFkk xokg fo'ks"kj dk c;ku vafdr fd;kA fnukad 6&5&1998 dks vfHk;qDr jfo 'kadj ef.k o cStukFk ef.k dks fxjQrkj fd;k rFkk muds c;ku vafdr fd;sA fnukad 8&5&1998 dks tsy esa vfHk;qDr mes'k ef.k dk c;ku vafdr fd;kA nkSjku foospuk pqVSyks@xokgksa ¼vuhrk o dq0 lhek½ ds Hkh c;ku vafdr fd;sA fnukad 20&5&1998 dks vfHk;qDr mes'k ef.k }kjk viuh eka ds lg;ksx ls ?kVuk esa iz;qDr ,d ykblsalh cUnwd U;k;ky; ds le{k ljs.Mj fd;k ftldks dCtk iqfyl esa ysdj mldh QnZ rS;kj dhA foospukf/kdkjh us foospuk lEca/kh leLr dk;Zokgh iw.kZ dj lk{; ladfyr dj vihykFkhZx.k o cStukFk ef.k rFkk ekjd.Ms; ef.k ds fo:} vkjksi i= izn'kZ d&9 U;k;ky; izsf"kr fd;kA vihykFkhZx.k@vfHk;qDrx.k ds eqdnesa dks fopkj.k gsrq l= U;k;ky; ds lqiqnZ fd;k x;kA fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us vihykFkhZx.k o vfHk;qDr cStukFk ef.k rFkk ekjd.Ms; ef.k ds fo:} /kkjk 147] 148] 336] 307@149] 302@149] 504 Hkk0 na0 la0 ds vUrxZr vkjksi fojfpr fd;k ftlls vihykFkhZx.k@vfHk;qDrx.k }kjk badkj fd;k x;k rFkk ijh{k.k dh ekax dh x;hA vfHk;kstu i{k dh vksj ls vius dFku ds leFkZu esa vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 lw;Z izdk'k ef.k] vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 vuhrk ef.k] vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 3 dq0 lhek] vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 4 MkDVj lqjsUnz cgknqj] vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 5 dk0 fxjh'k pUnz ikBd] vfHk;kstu lk{kh 6 lqjsUnz ef.k f=ikBh] vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 7 MkDVj lh0 ih0 flag xkSre] vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 8 MkDVj ,y0 ih0 xqIrk] vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 9 jke 'kadj frokjh ¼foospukf/kdkjh½] vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 10 f=Hkqou pkScs] ,l0 vkbZ0 dks ijhf{kr djk;k x;k gSA vihykFkhZx.k@vfHk;qDrx.k dk c;ku /kkjk 313 na0iaz0la0 ds vUrxZr vafdr fd;k x;kA ftlesa mUgksaus >wBk jaft'ku Qalk;k tkuk crk;k gSA vfHk;qDr ekjd.Ms; ef.k us vius c;ku esa ;g dgk fd og tuin dq'khuxj es 12 o"kZ ls ys[kiky ds in ij dke djrk gS ifjokj ds lkFk ogha jgrk gSA ?kVuk ds fnu og vius dk;Z {ks= dq'khuxj esa FkkA mldh ukSdjh NqMkus o cckZn djus ds fy, Qalk;k gSA vfHk;qDr cStukFk us vius c;ku esa dgk fd og ?kVuk ds le; HkVuh gksexkMZ esa rSukr Fkk vkSj ogha og ifjokj ds lkFk jgrk Fkk og xkao ij ugha FkkA vihykFkhZ@vfHk;qDr nhu n;ky ef.k us dgk fd ?kVuk ds le; og uwu[kkj vius llqjky esa FkkA vihykFkhZ@vfHk;qDr txnh'k ef.k us vius c;ku esa dgk gS fd mldh iRuh dk uke ekyrh gSA mlds edku ds cxy lqjsUnz dk edku gSA ?kVuk ds le; ekyrh cPpksa dh VV~Vh Qsadus tk jgh Fkh rks ns[kk fd misUnz ef.k] lqjsUnz ef.k] gkSflyk ef.k] 'kksHkukFk] Jhjax ef.k] lrh'k ef.k] fo|k ef.k calokjh ls ckal dkV jgs FksA mldh iRuh us euk fd;k rc mijksDr yksx ekjus yxsA 'kksj ij mldk HkkbZ pUnz izdk'k cpkus nkSMk rks pUnz izdk'k ds xys esa lqjsUnz ef.k iq= jke Hkw"k.k jLlh yxk dj ekjuk pkgk 'kksj ij og Hkh igqapkA eqyfteku pUnz izdk'k dks ekjihV dj ?kk;y fd;kA misUnz iq= lqjsUnz us tku ls ekjus dh fu;r ls mlds Åij Qk;j fd;k tks dq0 vuhrk dks la;ksxo'k yxk geykojksa us mls Hkh ekjdj ?kk;y dj fn;kA mldh iykuh esa vkx yxk fn;kA ekjks ekjks dgrs mlds ?kj dh vksj c vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls viuh lQkbZ esa cpko lk{kh la[;k 1 MkDVj ,l0 ch0 flag] cpko lk{kh la[;k 2 jk?kosUnz flag] ,Dljs VsfDuhf'k;u] cpko lk{kh la[;k 3 oSfjLVj flag] phQ QkekZflLV] cpko lk{kh la[;k 4 tVk 'kadj ef.k] cpko lk{kh la[;k 5 fouksn dqekj nqcs] fyfid rFkk cpko lk{kh la[;k 6 ds :i esa fo'o Hkw"k.k flag] {ks=kf/kdkjh dks ijhf{kr djk;k x;k gSA blds vfrfjDr izys[kh; lk{; ds :i esa vko';d dkxtkrksa dh udys Hkh nkf[ky dh x;h gS ftudk mYys[k vko';drkuqlkj fd;k tk;sxkA fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us i=koyh ij miyC/k leLr lk{; ,oa vfHkys[kksa ij lE;d fopkj djus ds mijkUr vihykFkhZx.k dks iz'uxr vijk/k esa nks"kh ikrs gq, mijksDrkuqlkj nf.Mr fd;k gS ftlls {kqC/k gksdj vihykFkhZx.k@vfHk;qDrx.k us mijksDr vihysa ;ksftr dh gSA vihykFkhZx.k mes'k ef.k] txnh'k ef.k] jfo 'kadj ef.k dh vksj ls muds fo}ku vf/koDrkx.k Jh fnyhi dqekj] ih0 lh0 JhokLro rFkk vihykFkhZ pUnz izdk'k ef.k dh vksj ls muds fo}ku vf/koDRkk Jh vfuy feJk rFkk vihykFkhZ nhun;ky ef.k dh vksj ls muds fo}ku vf/koDrk Jh iqyd xakxqyh ,oa jkT; dh vksj ls fo}ku vij 'kkldh; vf/koDrk Jh vthr js ,oa oknh dh vksj ls Jh vfer feJk dks lqukA i=koyh ,oa iz'uxr fu.kZ; o vkns'k dk lE;d ifj'khyu fd;kA vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls eq[; :i ls ;g rdZ izLrqr fd;k x;k fd vihykFkhZx.k funksZ"k gS mUgsa bl izdj.k esa >wBk Qlk;k x;k gSA vfHk;kstu dh vksj ls ftl rjg ls ?kVuk ?kfVr gksuk crk;k x;k gS og LokHkkfod ,oa fo'oluh; ugha gSA vihykFkhZ nhu n;ky ef.k dfFkr ?kVuk ds le; viuh llqjky uwu[kkj esa Fkk] og ekSds ij mifLFkr ugha FkkA vihykFkhZ mes'k ef.k dk iz'uxr ?kVuk ls dksbZ lEca/k o ljksdkj ugha gS og funksZ"k gS mls bl ekeys esa >wBk Qalk;k x;k gSA ;g Hkh rdZ j[kk x;k fd vihykFkhZx.k mes'k ef.k] txnh'k ef.k rFkk pUnz izdk'k ef.k ds edku ds if'pe rjQ dksbZ njoktk ugha gS ,oa vihykFkhZx.k jfo 'kadj ef.k] nhu n;ky ef.k o vfHk;qDr cStukFk ef.k] ekjd.Ms; ef.k] vihykFkhZx.k mes'k ef.k] txnh'k ef.k rFkk pUnz izdk'k ef.k ds xksy ds O;fDr ugha gS u gh esyh ennxkj gSA vfHk;kstu }kjk xyr dgkuh cukdj vihykFkhZx.k dks >wBk Qalk;k x;k gSA ;g Hkh rdZ j[kk x;k fd iz'uxr izdj.k esa vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 3 dq0 lhek ¼pqVSy½ dks Hkh pksVsa vkus dh ckr dgh x;h gS ijUrq izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ esa dq0 lhek dks pksVsa vkus dk dksbZ mYys[k ugha gSA fo'ks"kj ef.k dks Hkh bl ?kVuk dk izR;{kn'khZ lk{kh gksuk crk;k tkrk gS ysfdu mls lk{; esa ijhf{kr ugha djk;k x;k gSA vfHk;kstu ds vuqlkj] ;g ?kVuk oknh ds ?kj] njoktk o cjkens dh crk;h x;h gS ijUrq ekSds ls foospukf/kdkjh }kjk dksbZ [kwu vkywnk o lknh feV~Vh dCtk iqfyl esa ugha yh x;h rFkk ekSds ij dksbZ [kks[kk dkjrwl Hkh cjken ugha gqvk gSA vihykFkhZx.k ds dCts ls fdlh dV~Vs dh cjkenxh gksuk ugha crk;k tkrk gS rFkk ftl cUnwd dh cjkenxh crk;h x;h gS mls U;k;ky; esa ljs.Mj fd;k x;k gSA ;g Hkh rdZ j[kk x;k fd vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 lw;Z izdk'k ef.k ¼oknh eqdnek½ dfFkr ?kVuk ds le; ekSds ij ekStwn ugha Fkk] og lh/kk vLirky igqapk FkkA izkjEHk esa bl ekeys dh foospuk Jh oh0 ds0 feJk] Fkkuk/;{k }kjk djuk crk;k x;k gS ijUrq mUgsa lk{; esa ijhf{kr ugha djk;k x;k gSA ;g Hkh rdZ j[kk x;k fd vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 lw;Z izdk'k ef.k }kjk bl ?kVuk dh izFke lwpuk vihykFkhZx.k lfgr dqy lkr O;fDr;ksa ds fo:} Fkkus ij ntZ djk;h x;h Fkh rFkk bl ?kVuk esa vfHk;qDr ekjd.Ms; ef.k dh Hkh dV~Vs ls Qk;j djus dh Hkwfedk crk;h x;h gS ijUrq vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 vuhrk ef.k] vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 3 dq0 lhek o vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 6 lqjsUnz ef.k f=ikBh }kjk vfHk;qDr ekjd.Ms; ef.k ls vuqfpr ykHk izkIr dj mlds uke dk mYys[k ugha fd;k x;k tc fd ekjd.Ms; ef.k izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ esa uketn vfHk;qDr gS rFkk /kkjk 161 na0 iz0 la0 ds c;kuksa esa Hkh xokgksa }kjk mldh Hkwfedk crk;h x;h FkhA ,slh n'kk esa ,sls lkf{k;ksa dh lk{; ij lgtrk ls fo'okl djuk U;k;ksfpr ugha gSA ;g Hkh rdZ j[kk x;k fd bl ?kVuk esa vihykFkhZ pUnz izdk'k ef.k] txnh'k o vihykFkhZ txnh'k ef.k dh iRuh ekyrh nsoh dks Hkh pksVsa vk;h FkhA MkDVjh ijh{k.k ds le; vihykFkhZx.k pUnz izdk'k ef.k ds 'kjhj ij rhu pksVs] txnh'k ef.k ds 'kjhj ij nks pksVsa rFkk ekyrh nsoh ds 'kjhj ij pkj pksVsa ik;s tkus dk mYys[k gS ijUrq vfHk;kstu dh vksj ls vihykFkhZx.k o ekyrh nsoh dh pksVksa dk dksbZ Li"Vhdj.k ugha fn;k x;k gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 lw;Z izdk'k ef.k us vius c;ku esa vihykFkhZx.k dh pksVksa dks nhokj fxjus ds dkj.k vkus dh ckr dgh gS ijUrq bl rjg dk dksbZ mYys[k vU; rF; ds lkf{k;ksa }kjk ugha fd;k x;k gS rFkk ekSds ij foospukf/kdkjh dks dksbZ VwVh gqbZ nhokj Hkh ughs feyh gSA vihykFkhZ txnh'k ef.k ds c;ku vUrxZr /kkjk 313 na0 iz0 la0 esa ;g mYys[k fd;k x;k gS fd ?kVuk ds le; vihykFkhZ txnh'k ef.k dh iRuh ekyrh nsoh cPpksa dh VV~Vh Qsadus tk jgh Fkh rks ns[kk fd misUnz ef.k] lqjsUnz ef.k] gkSflyk ef.k] 'kksHkukFk] Jhjax ef.k] lrh'k ef.k] fo|k ef.k calokjh ls ckal dkV jgs FksA mldh iRuh us euk fd;k rc mijksDr yksx ekjus yxsA 'kksj ij mldk HkkbZ pUnz izdk'k cpkus nkSMk rks pUnz izdk'k ds xys esa lqjsUnz ef.k ¼e`rd½ us jLlh yxk dj ekjuk pkgk 'kksj ij og Hkh igqapkA eqyfteku pUnz izdk'k dks ekjihV dj ?kk;y dj fn;kA misUnz ¼e`rd½ us tku ls ekjus dh fu;r ls mlds Åij Qk;j fd;k tks dq0 vuhrk dks la;ksxo'k yxk geykojksa us mls Hkh ekjdj ?kk;y dj fn;kA mldh iykuh esa vkx yxk fn;kA ekjks ekjks dgrs mlds ?kj dh vksj c y{eh flag izfr jkT; fcgkj 1976 ,0 vkbZ0 vkj0 ¼,l0 lh0½ 2263 ds ekeys esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk ;g vo/kkfjr fd;k x;k gS fd%& It seems to us that in a murder case, the non-explanation of the injuries sustained by the accused at about the time of the occurrence orin the course of altercation is a very important circumstance from which the Court can draw the following inferences:
(1) That the prosecution has suppressed the genesis and the origin of the occurrence and has thus not presented the true version.
(2) That the witnesses who have denied the presence of the injuries on the person of the accused are lying on a most material point and therefore their evidence is unreliable;
(3) That in case there is a defence version which explainsthe injries on the person of the accused it isrendered probable so asto throw doubt on the prosecution case.
vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls eksfgUnj iky tkyh izfr jkT; iatkc 1979 ,0 vkbZ0 vkj0 577 ds ekeys esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk nh x;h fof/k O;oLFkk izLrqr dh x;h gS ftlesa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk ;g vo/kkfjr fd;k x;k gS fd%& "The law regarding the right of private defence of property or person is well settled and may be briefly recapitulated here. The onus is on the accused to establish this right not on the basis of the standard of proving it beyond doubt but on the theory of preponderance of probability. He might or might not take this plea explicitly or might or might not adduce any evidence in support of it but he can succeed in his plea if he is able to bring out materials in the records of the case on the basis of the evidence of the prosecution witnesses or on other pieces of evidence to show that the apparently criminal act which he committed was justified in exercise of his right of private defence or property or person or both. But the exercise of this right to subject to the limitations and exceptions provided in section 99 of the Penal Code - the last one being - "The right of private defence in no case extends to the ifliciting of more harm than it is necessary to inflict for the purpose of defence." As to when the right of private defence of the body extends to causing death is provided for in section 100. The appellant's case is not covered by it. In the view which we have expressed above we think that the appellant had not only the right of private defence of his property but also his body to a limited extent with in the meaning of section 101 subject to the restrictions mentioned in section 99. This did not extend to the inflicting of so much harm to Sant Ram and causing his death, nor the right of private defence of property available to the appellant extended to causing his death as it was not covered by any of the clauses of section 103."
,d vU; fof/k O;oLFkk fdzfeuy vihy la[;k 604 o"kZ 2006 juchj flag ,oa vU; izfr jkT; gfj;k.kk fu.khZr fnukad 30 vizSy] 2009 izLrqr dh x;h gS ftlds ekeys esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk ;g vo/kkfjr fd;k x;k gS fd%& "24. The exercise of good faith is a must before the accused claims benefit of this exception. While acting in good faith, if the accused has exceeded the right of self-defence and caused death of a person without pre-meditation and further he had not intention to causing more harm than was necessary for the purpose of the defence although in fact more harm was caused, the benefit of Exception 2 to Section 300 may be available if the accused was not the aggressor.
25. The burden of proving self-defence is always on the accused but it is not as onerous as the one which lies with the prosecution. Such burden can be discharged by probablising the defence. The accused may discharge his onus by establishing a mere preponderance of probabilities either by laying basis for that plea in the cross examination of prosection witness or by adducing defence evidence."
vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls ;g Hkh rdZ j[kk x;k fd iz'uxr izdj.k esa fdlh fu"i{k ,oa LorU= lk{kh dks ijhf{kr ugha djk;k x;k gS rFkk tks Hkh lk{kh ijhf{kr gq, gs os fgrc} lk{kh gS rFkk ¼i{kikrh½ ikVhZtu lk{kh gSA vius rdZ ds leFkZu esa elkyrh izfr jkT; mRrj izns'k ,0 vkbZ0 vkj0 1965 ,l0 lh0 202 ds ekeys esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk nh x;h fof/k O;oLFkk Hkh izLrqr dh x;h gSA blds foijhr oknh ds fo}ku vf/koDrk ,oa fo}ku vij 'kkldh; vf/koDrk }kjk ;g rdZ izLrqr fd;k x;k fd ;g ?kVuk lqcg 7&00 cts dh gS rFkk bl ?kVuk dh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ mlh fnu fnukad 1&5&1998 dks le; 9&30 cts Fkkus ij vafdr djk;h x;h gSA vihykFkhZx.k izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ esa uketn vfHk;qDr gSA izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ esa ftl rjg ls ?kVuk ?kfVr gqbZ gS mldk Hkyh Hkakfr o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA bl ?kVuk esa nks yksxksa dh e`R;q gqbZ gS rFkk vuhrk ef.k o lhek ef.k dks pksVksa vk;h gSA vuhrk ef.k ds 'kjhj ij vkXus;kL= dh pksVsa ik;ha x;ha gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 lw;Z izdk'k ef.k oknh eqdnek gS rFkk bl ?kVuk dk izR;{kn'khZ lk{kh Hkh gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 vuhrk ef.k rFkk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 3 lhek ef.k pqVSy gS ftUgksus vius c;kuksa esa ?kVuk dh Hkyh Hkkafr iqf"V dh gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 6 lqjsUnz ef.k f=ikBh bl ?kVuk dk izR;{kn'khZ lk{kh gS mlus Hkh vius c;ku esa vfHk;kstu dFkkud dh Hkyh Hkkafr iqf"V dh gSA i=koyh ij miyC/k lk{; ls ;g fl} gS fd vihykFkhZx.k us e`rdksa o pqVSyksa ds ?kj ij vkdj cUnwd o dV~Vksa ls Qk;j dj rFkk bZaVksa ls izgkj dj pqVSyksa o e`rdksa dks pksVsa igqapk;h gSA foospukf/kdkjh us ekSds ij vihykFkhZx.k dh dksbZ tyh gqbZ iykuh ugha ik;h gS rFkk dksbZ dVk gqvk ckal Hkh mUgksusa ekSds ij ugha ik;k gSA ,slh n'kk esa vihykFkhZ i{k dk ;g dguk fd oknh i{k ds yksxksa }kjk vihykFkhZ i{k ds yksxksa ds lkFk ekjihV dh x;h ]mudh iykuh tyk;h x;h rFkk ckal dkVs x;s LokHkkfod ,oa fo'oluh; ugha gSA vihykFkhZ i{k dh vksj ls ek= vijk/k ls cpus ds fy, xyr dgkuh cuk;h x;h gSA vihykFkhZ i{k ds yksxksa dh pksVksa dks lk/kkj.k ,oa lkekU; izd`fr dk crk;k x;k gSA ,slh pksVksa dk Li"Vhdj.k vfHk;kstu dh vksj ls nsus dh dksbZ vko';drk ugha ik;h tkrh gSA vihykFkhZ i{k ds fdlh O;fDr dks dksbZ xEHkhj pksV vkuk fl} ugha gSA pqVSy ekyrh nsoh dh ,Dljs fjiksVZ dh Nk;k izfr izn'kZ [k&4 nkf[ky dh x;h gS ftlesa pqVSy ekyrh nsoh ds QzsUVy cksu esa QzSDpj dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS ijUrq mYys[kuh; gS fd ekyrh nsoh ¼pqVSy½ dks dksbZ QzSDpj vFkok xEHkhj pksV vkuk fl} ugha gSA ?kVuk ds lEca/k esa ekyrh nsoh dh vksj ls ,d ifjokn QkS0 eqdnek la[;k 2553 o"kZ 1999 Hkh nkf[ky fd;k x;k Fkk mDr ifjokn@dzkl dsl esa ifjokfnuh ekyrh nsoh us dgha Hkh mlds flj dh gM~Mh VwVus dk mYys[k ugha fd;k gSA ,slh n'kk esa vihykFkhZ i{k dh vksj ls tks ekyrh nsoh dh ,Dljs fjiksVZ o ,Dljs ls lEcfU/kr jftLVj dh izfr nkf[ky dh x;h gS mlds vk/kkj ij ekyrh nsoh dks dksbZ xEHkhj pksV vkuk fl} ugha gSA ;g Hkh rdZ j[kk x;k fd vihykFkhZ i{k dh ekyrh nsoh }kjk tks ifjokn@dzkl dsl ;ksftr fd;k x;k Fkk mlesa vfHk;qDr fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk nks"keqDr fd;s tk pqds gS rFkk mDr nks"kefqDr ds fu.kZ; ds fo:} vihy bl U;k;ky; esa ;ksftr dh x;h Fkh tks le; okg; gksus ds dkj.k [kkfjt gks pqdh gS rFkk mDr vkns'k ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ls Hkh ;Fkkor jgk gSA ,slh n'kk esa nks"keqfDr dk fu.kZ; vafre gks pqdk gSA ;g Hkh rdZ j[kk x;k fd iz'uxr ?kVuk esa vihykFkhZx.k dh lafyIrrk fl} gSA ;g Hkh rdZ j[kk x;k fd ;fn xokgku ds c;ku esa vfHk;qDr ekjd.Ms; ef.k dh lafyIrrk ds lEca/k esa dksbZ fojks/kkHkkl vk;k gS rks mldk dksbZ ykHk vihykFkhZx.k dks izkIr ugha gksrk gSA vfHk;qDr ekjd.Ms; ef.k dh lafyIrrk fl} u ik;s tkus ij fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk mls nks"keqDr fd;k x;k gS ftldk dksbZ ykHk vihykFkhZx.k dks izkIr ugha gksrk gSA ;g Hkh rdZ j[kk x;k fd lkf{k;ksa ds c;ku esa ;fn dksbZ ekewyh fojks/kkHkkl vk;k gS rks mldk dksbZ ykHk vihykFkhZx.k dks izkIr ugh gksrk gSA ;g Hkh rdZ j[kk x;k fd bl ?kVuk dh izR;{kn'khZ lk{; gSA pqVSyksa rFkk ?kVuk ds izR;{kn'khZ lkf{k;ksa us ftl rjg ls ?kVuk ?kfVr gqbZ gS mldk Hkyh Hkkafr o.kZu fd;k gSA ;fn ekSds ij foospukf/kdkjh dks dksbZ [kwu vFkok [kks[kk dkjrwl ugh feys gS rks mlls Hkh vfHk;kstu dFkkud fdlh Hkh izdkj ls izHkkfor ugha gksrk gSA ifjoknh ds fo}ku vf/koDrk }kjk vius rdZ ds leFkZu esa nkf.Md vihy la[;k 543 o"kZ 1986 t; flag izfr jkT; mRrj izns'k fu.khZr fnukad 21&7&2017 esa bl U;k;ky; }kjk nh x;h fof/k O;oLFkk Hkh izLrqr dh x;h gS ftlds izLrj 38 esa ;g vo/kkfjr fd;k x;k gS fd%& "38. It is true that the Investigating Officer had not collected the blood stained earth and plain earth from the place of occurrence. Investigating Officer Phool Singh PW-9 has deposed that he had not found blood on the place of occrrence. He had also not found pellets and cartridges at the place of occurrence. As we are aware of the fact that in villages the ground is almost all 'kachcha'. After incident the movement of the people was not restrained at the place of occurrence. Though the Investigating Officer came to the village after some hours of the incident but he had not found blood, pellets and cartridges on the place of occurrence. In above circumstances where the movement of the people was not restrained at the place of occurrence hence if the blood, pellets and cartridges were not found at the place of occurrence that is not serious infirmity. We have seen that in the present case there is other reliable evidence to connect the appellant-accused with the crime. The prosecution has successfully proved that the appellant-accused had fired bullet with country made pistol at the deceased and caused his death. So the blood, pellets and cartridges were not found on the place of occurrence will not be fatal to the prosecution case."
;g Hkh rdZ j[kk x;k fd ;fn foospukf/kdkjh us cSysfLVd ,DliVZ gsrq cUnwd ugha Hksth gS rks Hkh vfHk;kstu dFkkud fdlh Hkh izdkj ls izHkkfor ugha gksrk gSA vius rdZ ds leFkZu esa nkf.Md vihy la[;k 35 o"kZ 2006 fouhr dqekj pkSgku izfr jkT; mRrj izns'k fu.khZr fnukad 14&12&2007 esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk nh x;h fof/k O;oLFkk Hkh izLrqr dh x;h gS ftlds iSjk 10 esa ;g vo/kkfjr fd;k x;k gS fd%& "10. It cannot be laid down as a general proposition that in every case where a firearm is allegedly used by an accused person, the prosecution must lead the evidence of a Ballistic Expert to prove the charge, irrespective of the quality of the direct evidence available on record. It needs little emphasis that where direct evidence is of such an unimpeachable character, and the nature of injuries, disclosed by post-mortem notes is consistent with the direct evidence, the examination of Ballistic Expert may not be regarded as essential. However, where direct evidence is not available or that there is some doubt as to whether the injuries could or could not have been caused by a particular weapon, examination of an expert would be desirable to cure an apparent inconsistency or for the purpose of corroboration of oral evidence (See: Gurcharan Singh v. State of Punjab MANU/SC/0136/1962 : [1963] 3SCR585) fo}ku vij 'kkldh; vf/koDrk }kjk ;g Hkh rdZ j[kk x;k fd foospukf/kdkjh ds fdlh deh ds vk/kkj ij i=koyh ij miyC/k lk{; dks vuns[kk ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA vius rdZ ds leFkZu esa ¼2015½ 1 ,l0 lh0 lh0 ¼fdz0½ 663 jkT; dukZVd izfr lqojuEek ,oa vU; esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk nh x;h fof/k O;oLFkk Hkh izLrqr dh x;h gS ftlds iSjk 11 esa ;g vo/kkfjr fd;k x;k gS fd%& "11. It is also well settled that though the investigating agency is expected to be fair and efficient, any lapse on its part cannot per se be a ground to throw out the prosecution case when there is overwhelmning evidence to prove the offence."
;g Hkh rdZ j[kk x;k fd fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us i=koyh ij miyC/k leLr lk{; ,oa vfHkys[kksa ij lE;d fopkj djus ds mijkUr vihykFkhZx.k dks iz'uxr vijk/k esa nks"kfl} ikrs gq, nf.Mr fd;k gS ftlesa dksbZ fof/kd =qfV vFkok vfu;ferrk ugha gS rFkk vihykFkhZx.k dh vihysa [kf.Mr gksus ;ksX; gSA mYys[kuh; gS fd ;g ?kVuk fnukad 1&5&1998 le; 7&00 cts lqcg dh crk;h x;h gS rFkk bl ?kVuk dh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ mlh fnu fnukad 1&5&1998 dks le; 9&30 cts Fkkus ij ntZ djk;h x;h gSA bl ?kVuk dh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ vihykFkhZx.k lfgr dqy lkr yksxksa ds fo:} Fkkus ij ntZ djk;h x;h gSA vfHk;qDr ekjd.Ms; ef.k dks fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk nks"keqDr fd;k tk pqdk gS rFkk vfHk;qDr cStukFk ef.k dh nkSjku vihy e`R;q tkus ds dkj.k mldh vihy mi'kfer dh tk pqdh gSA ?kVuk ds le; vihykFkhZ mes'k ef.k ds gkFk esa cUnwd] txnh'k ef.k] pUnz izdk'k ef.k] jfo 'kadj ef.k ds gkFkksa esa dV~Vk rFkk vfHk;qDrx.k cStukFk ef.k o ekjd.Ms; ef.k ds gkFk esa dV~Vk rFkk vihykFkhZ nhu n;ky ef.k ds gkFk esa baZVk gksuk crk;k x;k gSA izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ esa ;g mYys[k fd;k x;k gS fd oknh i{k ds ifjokj o vihykFkhZ txnh'k ef.k ds ifjokj esa eqdnesckth py jgh Fkh rFkk nksuks ds chp jkLrs dk fookn py jgk FkkA blh jaft'k ds dkj.k vihykFkhZx.k@vfHk;qDrx.k oknh ds njokts ij p< vk;s rFkk Hkn~nh Hkn~nh xkfy;ka nsrs gq, vihykFkhZ nhu n;ky ef.k ds yydkjus ij vfHk;qDrksa us vius vius gkFkksa esa fy, cUnwd o dV~Vksa ls tku ls ekjus dh fu;r ls oknh i{k ds yksxksa ij Qk;j fd;sA ;g Hkh mYys[k fd;k x;k fd vihykFkhZ mes'k ef.k] txnh'k ef.k rFkk pUnz izdk'k ef.k us oknh ds firk lqjsUnz ef.k ¼e`rd½ ij Qk;j fd;s ftlls lqjsUnz ef.k dks pksVsa vk;hA jfo 'kadj ef.k] cStukFk ef.k] ekjd.Ms; ef.k us Qk;j fd;s ftlls oknh dh cgu dq0 vuhrk ef.k dks NjsZ yxsA vihykFkhZ mes'k ef.k us cUnwd ls oknh ds HkkbZ misUnz ef.k ¼e`rd½ ij Qk;j fd;s ftlls mls pksVsa vk;hA vihykFkhZ nhu n;ky ef.k }kjk baZVk iRFkj pykdj oknh ds HkkbZ misUnz ef.k o firk lqjsUnz ef.k dks pksVsa igqapk;hA bl ?kVuk esa pqVSy misUnz ef.k o lqjsUnz ef.k dh e`R;q gksuk crk;k x;k gSA pqVSy vuhrk ef.k dks NjsZ dh pksVsa vkuk crk;k x;k gS rFkk pqVSy lhek ef.k dks Hkh dqankys] bZaVk dh pksVsa vkuk crk;k x;k gSA vihykFkhZ i{k dh vksj ls vihykFkhZ txnh'k ef.k us vius c;ku vUrxZr /kkjk 313 na0 iz0 la0 esa ;g mYys[k fd;k gS fd mldh iRuh ekyrh nsoh cPpksa dh VV~Vh Qsadus tk jgh Fkh rks ns[kk fd misUnz ef.k] lqjsUnz ef.k] gkSflyk ef.k] 'kksHkukFk] Jhjax ef.k] lrh'k ef.k] fo|k ef.k calokjh ls ckal dkV jgs FksA mldh iRuh us euk fd;k rc mijksDr yksx ekjus yxsA 'kksj ij mldk HkkbZ pUnz izdk'k cpkus nkSMk rks pUnz izdk'k ds xys esa lqjsUnz ef.k iq= jke Hkw"k.k jLlh yxk dj ekjuk pkgk 'kksj ij og Hkh igqapkA eqyfteku pUnz izdk'k dks ekjihV dj ?kk;y fd;kA misUnz iq= lqjsUnz us tku ls ekjus dh fu;r ls mlds Åij Qk;j fd;k tks dq0 vuhrk dks la;ksxo'k yxk geykojksa us mls Hkh ekjdj ?kk;y dj fn;kA mldh iykuh esa vkx yxk fn;kA ekjks ekjks dgrs mlds ?kj dh vksj c vc fopkj.kh; iz'u ;g gS fd D;k ?kVuk vfHk;kstu ds dFkukuqlkj ?kfVr gqbZ gS vFkok cpko i{k ds vuqlkj rFkk vihykFkhZ i{k dh vksj ls tks Qk;j fd;k x;k gS og mUgksusa viuh izk.kj{kk esa fd;k gS vFkok ughaA mYys[kuh; gS fd vfHk;kstu ds vuqlkj ;g dgk x;k gS fd vihykFkhZx.k us ,d jk; gksdj oknh ds ?kj ij tkdj cUnwd o dV~Vksa ls Qk;j fd;s ftlls misUnz ef.k rFkk lqjsUnz ef.k o dq0 vuhrk ef.k dks vkXus;kL= dh pksVsa vk;h rFkk vihykFkhZ nhu n;ky ef.k }kjk Hkh bZaVk ls izgkj fd;k x;k ftlls lhek ef.k dks pksVsa vkuk crk;k x;k gSA vfHk;kstu dh vksj ls ?kVuk ds lanHkZ esa vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 lw;Z izdk'k ef.k dks ijhf{kr djk;k x;k gS tks oknh eqdnek gS rFkk iz'uxr ?kVuk dk izR;{kn'khZ lk{kh Hkh gS mlus vius c;ku esa ;g dgk gS fd xkao esa mldk edku mRrj nf{k.k yEckgS ftldk fudkl iwjc o mRrj rjQ gS mlds edku ds ckn iwjc rjQ o mRrj rjQ mlds lgu dh Hkwfe gSA iwjc rjQ mlds lgu ds ckn mes'k dk edku gS tks mRrj nf{k.k yEck gSA mes'k ds edku dk fudkl iwjc rjQ gSA eqyfteku txnh'k o pUnz izdk'k vkil esa lxs HkkbZ gS vkSj Hkh[ke ds yMds gSA eqyfte mes'k] eqyfte txnh'k dk yMdk gSA eqyfteku jfo 'kadj ef.k] cStukFk ef.k] ekjd.Ms; ef.k] nhu n;ky ef.k] mes'k vkfn ds xksy ds gS rFkk muds esyh ennxkj gSA mlds ifjokj rFkk eqyfte txnh'k ef.k ds ifjokj ls tehu lEca/kh eqdnesckth bl ?kVuk ds iwoZ ls py jgh FkhA ftlls txnh'k oxSjg jaft'k j[krs FksA ?kVuk ds fnu jkLrs dks ysdj ge yksxksa dk txnh'k vkfn ls fookn py jgk FkkA U;k;ky; ls gekjs i{k esa vkns'k gqvk Fkk ftlls txnh'k ef.k ds ifjokj ds yksx o muds xksy ds yksx mlls ukjkt jgrs FksA ?kVuk fnukad 1&5&1998 dh gSA lqcg lkr cts dk le; Fkk mlds firk lqjsUnz ef.k mldk NksVk HkkbZ misUnz ef.k mldh NksVh cgu lhek ef.k rFkk NksVh cgu vuhrk ef.k vkSj og vius njokts ij cSBdj vkil esa ckr dj jgs Fks rc mlds xkao ds mes'k ef.k vius gkFk esa cUnwd fy, gq,] pUnz izdk'k dV~Vk fy, gq, txnh'k ef.k vius gkFk esa dV~Vk fy, jfo 'kadj ef.k dV~Vk fy, gq, cStukFk ef.k dV~Vk fy, ekjd.Ms; ef.k dV~Vk fy, gq, rFkk nhu n;ky ef.k baZVk fy, gq, ,d jk; gksdj o ,d xksy cukdj mlds njokts ij p< vk;s rFkk eka cgu dh Hkn~nh Hkn~nh xkfy;ka nsus yxs rFkk nhu n;ky ef.k us yydkj dj dgk fd ekjks lkyksa dks ge yksxksa dks cgqr gh ijs'kku fd;k gS rFkk ijs'kku dj jgk gS brusa esa lHkh eqyfteku vius gkFkksa esa fy, gfFk;kjksa dks ftlesa mes'k cUnwd o nhu n;ky baaZVk fy, Fks rFkk vU; yksx vius gkFkksa esa dV~Vk fy, gq, dV~Vksa ls mu yksxksa ij tku ls ekjus dh fu;r ls Qk;j djus yxs mes'k ef.k] pUnz izdk'k ef.k vkSj txnh'k ef.k us vius gkFkksa esa fy, cUnwd o dV~Vksa ls mlds firk lqjsUnz ef.k ds Åij Qk;j djus yxs mlds firk dks Qk;j djus ls pksVsa vk;h rFkk ekjd.Ms; ef.k] jfo 'kadj] cStukFk ef.k vius gkFkksa esa fy, gq, dV~Vksa ls Qk;j dj mldh cgu vuhrk dks pksVsa igqapk;hA nhu n;ky ef.k us bZVk pykdj mlds firk o mldh cgu lhek dks pksVsa igqapk;hA mes'k ef.k us viuh cUnwd ls Qk;j dj mlds HkkbZ misUnz ef.k dks pksVsa igqapk;hA bl ?kVuk dks mlds vykok mldh cgu dq0 vuhrk ef.k o lhek ef.k] fo'ks"kj ef.k] lqjsUnz ef.k o xkao ds vU; yksxksa us ns[kk og xkao okyksa o xokgku dh enn ls ?kk;y vius firk lqjsUnz ef.k HkkbZ misUnz ef.k] cgu dq0 vuhrk ef.k dks bykt gsrq nsofj;k yk jgk Fkk fd xkao ls ckgj fudyrs gh mlds NksVs HkkbZ misUnz ef.k dh e`R;q gks x;h vkSj vLirky igqaprs igqaprs mlds firk lqjsUnz ef.k dh mUgha pksVksa ds dkj.k e`R;q gks x;hA og vius firk lqjsUnz ef.k o HkkbZ misUnz ef.k ds 'ko dks ftyk vLirky nsofj;k esa ysdj vk;k rFkk ?kk;y cgu vuhrk dk MkDVjh eqvkbuk djk;k rFkk vLirky esa HkrhZ djk;kA lhek dh Hkh pksVksa dk MkDVjh eqvkbuk ckn esa lnj vLirky nsofj;k esa gqvkA ?kVuk ds lEca/k esa mlus ,d rgjhjh nj[kkLr vius ys[k o gLrk{kj esa rS;kj dj Fkkuk xkSjh cktkj es ys tkdj fn;k tgka mldh fjiksVZ ntZ gqbZA bl lk{kh us rgjhj izn'kZ d&1 dks lkfcr fd;k gSA ;g Hkh dgk gS fd ?kVuk ds lEca/k esa njksxkth us mldk c;ku fy;k FkkA eqyfteku gkftj vnkyr mes'k ef.k] txnh'k ef.k] pUnz izdk'k ef.k] jfo 'kadj ef.k] cStukFk] ekjd.Ms; o nhu n;ky ef.k dks og igys ls tkurk o igpkurk gSA bl lk{kh us ?kVuk esa iz;qDr cUnwd dks oLrq izn'kZ&1 ds :i esa lkfcr fd;k gS rFkk ;g dgk gS fd ;g ogh cUnwd gS ftlls mes'k us ?kVuk ds le; Qk;j fd;k Fkk ftlls mlds firk lqjsUnz ef.k rFkk HkkbZ misUnz ef.k dh gR;k gqbZ gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 vfurk ef.k frokjh ¼pqVSy½ gSa mlus vius c;ku esa ;g dgk gS fd mlds firk LVsV cSad esa ukSdjh djrs Fks mudh gR;k gks x;h gSA mudh gR;k fnukad 1&5&1998 dks le; lkr cts fnu esa gqbZ Fkh muds lkFk mlds HkkbZ misUnz ef.k dh gR;k gqbZ Fkh tgak ij gR;k mu yksxksa dh gqbZ Fkh ogka ij og lkFk esa FkhA ;g gR;k mlds ?kj ds lkeus lgu esa gqbZ Fkh mlds lkFk ml le; mlds firk mlds HkkbZ misUnz vkSj mldh cgu lhek vkSj mldk ,d HkkbZ vkSj lw;Z izdk'k FkkA ge yksxksa ds chp vkil esa ckrphr gks jgh FkhA mlh le; mes'k ef.k] txnh'k ef.k] pUnz izdk'k ef.k] jfo'kadj ef.k] cStukFk ef.k o nhu n;ky ogka ij vk;sA mes'k ef.k viuh ykblsalh cUnwd] txnh'k ef.k vius gkFk esa dV~Vk] pUnz izdk'k ef.k Hkh dV~Vk] jfo 'kadj o cStukFk ef.k Hkh vius gkFk esa dV~Vk fy, Fks vkSj nhu n;ky vius gkFk esa bZaVk fy, FksA mes'k ef.k] txnh'k ef.k] pUnz izdk'k ef.k vius ?kj ds ihNs ds njokts ls vk;s Fks vkSj cfd;k vfHk;qDrx.k jfo 'kadj ef.k] cStukFk ef.k] nhu n;ky ef.k calokjh dh rjQ ls vk;s FksA mes'k ef.k us viuh cUnwd ls xksyh pyk;h tks mlds firk o HkkbZ dks yxhA txnh'k ef.k o pUnz izdk'k ef.k us Hkh Qk;j fd;k Fkk tks mlds firk dks yxk FkkA mlds HkkbZ misUnz dks mes'k ef.k us cUnwd ls vkSj pUnz izdk'k ef.k us dV~Vs ls Qk;j fd;kA nhu n;ky us yydkjrs gq, xkfy;ka nsrs gq, bZaVk pyk;k tks mlds firk vkSj mlds HkkbZ o mldh cgu lhek dks yxk FkkA jfo 'kadj o cStukFk ds dV~Vs ls mls pksV vk;h FkhA mlds nkfgus gkFk esa NjsZ yxs FksA ?kVuk ds le; ckgjh yksx Hkh vk x;s Fks mlds ekek lqjsUnz ef.k o pkpk fo'ks"kj ef.k Hkh vk x;s Fks ftu yksxksa us ?kVuk dks ns[kk FkkA ?kVuk ds ckn mlds HkkbZ lw;Z izdk'k us VsEiksa eaxok;k mlesa mldks mlds firk vkSj mlds HkkbZ misUnz ef.k dks ysdj xkao ls tk jgs Fks] xkao ls fudyrs gh mlds HkkbZ misUnz ef.k dh e`R;q gks x;h rFkk nsofj;k vLirky igqaprs igqaprs mlds firk lqjsUnz ef.k dh Hkh e`R;q gks x;hA ;g Hkh dgk fd mls mlds HkkbZ lw;Z izdk'k us nsofj;k vLirky esa HkrhZ djk fn;k ogak ij mldk MkDVjh ijh{k.k gqvk FkkA mlds firk ls vkSj vfHk;qDrx.k ls iqjkuh tehu dh nq'euh py jgh FkhA bl ?kVuk ds ckjs esa 17&18 fnu ckn njksxkth us c;ku fy;k Fkk vkSj mldh cgu dk Hkh c;ku mlds lkFk gh fy;k FkkA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 3 lhek ef.k ¼pqVSy½ gSa mlus vius c;ku esa ;g dgk gS fd mldk ek;dk xzke cjkjh Fkkuk xkSjhcktkj esa iMrk gS mlds firk dk uke Jh lqjsUnz ef.k f=ikBh FkkA mlds ikik lqjs'k ef.k f=ikBh LVsV cSad nsofj;k esa dk;Z djrs Fks mudh gR;k gks pqdh gS muds lkFk lkFk mlds HkkbZ misUnz ef.k dh Hkh gR;k gks pqdh gSA fnukad 1 ebZ lu~ 1998 bZ0 dks mu nksuks dh gR;k gqbZ Fkh le; lkr cts lqcg dk FkkA mlds HkkbZ dks misUnz o HkwisUnz nksuks uke ls cqyk;k tkrk Fkk ftl le; ;g gR;k gqbZ ml le; ge yksx vius edku ds cjkens esa cSBs FksA ml le; og] mlds firk lqjsUnz ef.k] mldk HkkbZ ftldk uke misUnz o HkwisUnz nksuks gS mldh cgu vuhrk ef.k] mlds cMs HkkbZ lw;Z izdk'k ef.k cSBs FksA ml le; ge pk; ih jgs Fks ckrphr Hkh ml le; vkil esa dj jgs FksA ml le; mes'k ef.k] pUnz izdk'k ef.k] txnh'k ef.k] nhu n;ky] cStukFk] jfo 'kadj ef.k vk;sA nhu n;ky ds nksuks gkFk esa bZaVk Fkk] jfo 'kadj o cStukFk ds gkFk esa dV~Vs FksA mes'k ef.k ds gkFk esa cUnwd Fkh vkSj pUnz izdk'k] txnh'k ef.k ds gkFk esa dV~Vk FkkA nhu n;ky] cStukFk] jfo 'kadj caklokjh dh rjQ okys jkLrs ls vk;s FksA mes'k ef.k] txnh'k ef.k] pUnz izdk'k ef.k vius fiNys njokts ls mlds njokts ij vk;sA vkrs gh nhu n;ky us xkyh fn;k] mes'k ef.k mlds firk ds Åij viuh ykblsalh cUnwd ls Qk;j dj fn, mlds ckn mldk HkkbZ misUnz mlds firk dks cpkus x;k rks mls Hkh mes'k ef.k us viuh cUnwd ls xksyh ekj fn;kA txnh'k ef.k o pUnz izdk'k ef.k us vius dV~Vs ls mlds firk ds Åij Qk;j fd;k FkkA mlds firk o mlds HkkbZ dks xksfy;ksa ls pksVsa vk;h FkhA nhu n;ky ds bZaVks ls mlds cka;s dU/ks ij pksV vk;h Fkh mldk nok bykt gqvk Fkk og vLirky esa 14 fnu rd HkrhZ jgh FkhA mldh cgu vuhrk ef.k ds Åij cStukFk o jfo 'kadj us dV~Vs ls Qk;j fd;k mlds nkfgus gkFk esa dV~Vs dh pksV vk;h FkhA ?kVuk dks fo'ks"kj ef.k o lqjsUnz ef.k us ns[kk FkkA mlds ikik dks nkfgus psgjs ij isV ij xksfy;ka yxhA mlds HkkbZ dks lhus ij] ckag ij] iSj esa xksfy;ka yxh FkhA mlds cMs HkkbZ lw;Z izdk'k mlds firk mlds HkkbZ o cgu vuhrk ef.k dks VsEiks ls nsofj;k ys x;sA ckn esa ;g lekpkj feyk Fkk fd mlds HkkbZ mUgh pksVksa ls ej x;sA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 6 lqjsUnz ef.k f=ikBh dks bl ?kVuk dk izR;{kn'khZ lk{kh gksuk crk;k x;k gS mlus vius c;ku esa ;g dgk fd mlds uke ds mlds xkao esa pkj O;fDr Fks ftlesa ,d dh gR;k gks pqdh gSA ftudh gR;k gks x;h gS muds firk dk uke jke Hkw"k.k ef.k gSA ftudh gR;k gks x;h gS muds rhu yMds Fks mlesa ls ,d yMds dh Hkh gR;k gks x;h gS tks nwljs uEcj dk iq= Fkk mldk uke misUnz gSA e`rd lqjsUnz dh dqy rhu yMfd;ka Fkh ftuesa nks dh 'kknh gks x;h gSA e`rd lqjsUnz ef.k ds edku dk njoktk iwjc :[kk gS muds edku ds iwjc pUnz izdk'k o txnh'k ds edku gS muds edku ds nf{k.k ckaldksB vkSj [kkyh tehusa gS if'pe fot;h o uUgs ds edku gSA mRrj dh rjQ lqnkek o fo'ks"kj ds edku gSA mes'k o lqjsUnz ds edku ds chp [kkyh tehu e`rd lqjsUnz ef.k dh gSA e`rd lqjsUnz ds edku ls nf{k.k dh rjQ ls mlus ;g ?kVuk ns[kh FkhA bl ?kVuk dks gq, yxHkx N% lky ds vkl&ikl gqvk] lkr cts lqcg dk le; FkkA og 'kksj lqudj ekSds ij igqapk FkkA txnh'k] mes'k o pUn izdk'k vius edku ds fiNokMs ds njokts ls fudydj vk;sA mes'k ds gkFk esa ykblsalh cUnwd FkhA pUnz izdk'k o txnh'k dV~Vk fy, FksA nf{k.k rjQ ls jfo 'kadj] nhu n;ky] cStukFk vk;s FksA jfo 'kadj o cStukFk ds gkFkksa esa dV~Vk Fkk vkSj nhu n;ky ds gkFk esa vk/kk bZaVk FkkA ;s lHkh yksx e`rd lqjsUnz ef.k ds njokts ij vk;sA e`rd lqjsUnz ef.k vkSj muds yMds misUnz ef.k vkSj mudh yMdh vuhrk ef.k o lhek ef.k ;s Hkh yksx e`rd lqjsUnz ef.k ds lkFk vius njokts ds lkeus cSBdj ckrphr dj jgs Fks rc rd nhu n;ky us xkyh fn;k vkSj lqjsUnz ef.k ds Åij vk/kk bZaVk pykdj ekjs tks muds lhus ij yxkA mes'k ef.k us viuh ykblsalh cUnwd ls lqjsUnz ef.k dks ekj fn;s mUgs cpkus ds fy, mudk yMdk misUnz ef.k vius firk dks cpkus ds fy, pyk rc txnh'k ef.k o pUnz izdk'k ef.k dV~Vk ls Qk;j fd;s rc rd mes'k nwljh xksyh Hkjds pyk fn,A xksyh lqjsUnz o misUnz dks yxh os fxj iMsA vuhrk tc mBkus ds fy, c bl izdkj mijksDr lkf{k;ksa us vius c;kuksa esa vfHk;kstu dFkkud dk Hkyh Hkkafr o.kZu fd;k gS rFkk ftl rjg ls ?kVuk ?kfVr gqbZ gS mldk mYys[k fd;k gSSA ;|fi vihykFkhZ txnh'k ef.k us vius c;ku vUrxZr /kkjk 313 na0 iz0 la0 esa vius vkRej{kk esa Qk;j djus dh ckr dgh gS vkSj ;g dgk gS fd misUnz ef.k] lqjsUnz ef.k] gkSflyk ef.k] 'kksHkukFk] Jhjax ef.k] lrh'k ef.k] fo|k ef.k calokjh ls ckal dkV jgs FksA mldh iRuh us euk fd;k rc mijksDr yksx ekjus yxsA 'kksj ij mldk HkkbZ pUnz izdk'k cpkus nkSMk rks pUnz izdk'k ds xys esa lqjsUnz ef.k iq= jke Hkw"k.k jLlh yxk dj ekjuk pkgk 'kksj ij og Hkh igqapkA eqyfteku pUnz izdk'k dks ekjihV dj ?kk;y dj fn;kA misUnz iq= lqjsUnz us tku ls ekjus dh fu;r ls mlds Åij Qk;j fd;k tks dq0 vuhrk dks la;ksxo'k yxk geykojksa us mls Hkh ekjdj ?kk;y dj fn;kA mldh iykuh esa vkx yxk fn;kA ekjks ekjks dgrs mlds ?kj dh vksj c ;gka ;g Hkh mYys[kuh; gS fd vihykFkhZ txnh'k ef.k dks fnukad 1&5&1998 ls fnukad 7&5&1998 rd vLirky esa HkrhZ jgus dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS ijUrq vihykFkhZ txnh'k ef.k dh pksVksa dh izd`fr dks n`f"Vxr j[krs gq, ;gh izdV gksrk gS fd vihykFkhZ txnh'k ef.k ek= vijk/k ls cpus ds fy, lkr fnu rd vLirky esa HkrhZ cuk jgk gSA ;g Hkh mYys[kuh; gS fd vihykFkhZ i{k ds fdlh Hkh O;fDr dks vkXus;kL= dh dksbZ pksVsa ugha vk;h gSA tgka rd vihykFkhZ txnh'k ef.k dk ;g dguk fd e`rd misUnz ef.k dk Qk;j mldh cgu vuhrk ef.k dks yxk Fkk rks tSlk fd Åij mYys[k fd;k tk pqdk gS fd ;g dgkuh izFke }"V;k LokHkkfod ,oa fo'oluh; izrhr ugha gksrh gSA ?kVuk ds lkf{k;ksa dh ftjg esa ,slk dksbZ rF; ugh vk;k gS ftlls dh dfFkr ?kVuk ds le; e`rd misUnz ds gkFk esa dV~Vk gksus dh ckr Lohdkj fd;k tk lds vFkok mlds dV~Vs ls vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 dq0 vuhrk ¼pqVSy½ dks pksVsa vkus dh ckr Lohdkj fd;k tk ldsA vihykFkhZ txnh'k ef.k us Hkh vius c;ku esa bl izdkj dh dksbZ ckr ugha dgh gS fd e`rd misUnz us vihykFkhZ i{k ds O;fDr;ksa ij dV~Vs ls dksbZ Qk;j fd;k gksA ,slh n'kk esa tc oknh i{k dh vksj ls vihykFkhZ i{k ds O;fDr;ksa ij dV~Vs ls Qk;j dj dksbZ pksV ugh igqapk;h x;h gS rks ml fLFkfr esa vihykFkhZ txnh'k ef.k }kjk vius izk.kj{kk esa Qk;j djus dk u rks dksbZ vkSfpR; izrhr gksrk gS vkSj u gh mls dksbZ vf/kdkj gh izkIr FkkA ;g Hkh mYys[kuh; gS fd dfFkr ?kVuk ds le; nksuks e`rd rFkk pqVSy ,oa oknh vius ?kj ij ekStwn Fks rFkk cjkensa ess cSBdj pk; ih jgs Fks vkSj ckrphr dj jgs Fks mlh nkSjku vihykFkhZx.k }kjk va/kk/kqa/k Qk;fjax dj nksuks e`rd rFkk pqVSy vuhrk ef.k dks vkXus;kL= dh pksVsa igqapk;h x;h gSA ;|fi cpko i{k dh vksj ls e`rdksa o pqVSy dks ek= pkj Qk;jksa dh pksVsa vkus dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS ijUrq vfHk;kstu dh vksj ls nksuks e`rd o vuhrk ef.k ¼pqVSy½ ds 'kjhj ij dqy ikap Qk;jks dh pksVs vkus dh ckr dgh x;h gS ftldh iqf"V fpfdRlh; lk{; ls Hkh gksrh gSA mYys[kuh; gS fd vihykFkhZ i{k dks Lohd`fr :i ls vkXus;kL= dh dksbZ pksVsa ugha vk;h gSA vihykFkhZ i{k dh vksj ls ekyrh nsoh dks xEHkhj pksVsa vkuk fl} ugha gSA vihykFkhZx.k txnh'k ef.k o pUnz izdk'k ef.k dh pksVksa dks lk/kkj.k izd`fr dk crk;k x;k gSA ,slh n'kk esa vihykFkhZ txnh'k ef.k dk ;g dguk fd izk.kj{kk esa mlus Qk;j fd;k LokHkkfod ,oa fo'oluh; izrhr ugha gksrk gSA i=koyh ij miyC/k lk{; ls ;g fl} gS fd dfFkr ?kVuk ds le; vihykFkhZx.k us vkXus;kL=ksa ls va/kk/kqa/k Qk;j fd;s ftlds ifj.kke Lo:i nks O;fDr;ksa dh e`R;q gqbZ gS rFkk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 vuhrk ¼pqVSy½ dks vkXus;kL= dh pksVsa vk;h gSA iz'uxr ?kVuk oknh ds njokts o cjkens dh crk;h x;h gS tgka ij vihykFkhZx.k }kjk e`rdksa ij vkXus;kL=ksa ls Qk;fjax dh x;h gSA ,slh n'kk esa ;g Li"V gS fd vihykFkhZx.k us vdzked gksdj oknh ds ?kj ij tkdj e`rdkas o pqVSy tc os vius cjkens esa cSBdj pk; ih jgs Fks va/kk/kqa/k Qk;fjax dhA bl fLFkfr esa vihykFkhZ i{k dk viuh izk.kj{kk esa Qk;fjax djuk LFkkfir ugha gksrk gS D;ksafd ftl rjg ls va/kk/kqa/k Qk;fjax dh x;h gS mlls ek= ;gh fu"d"kZ fudyrk gS fd vihykFkhZx.k us ,d jk; gksdj lqfu;ksftr /kuUt; izfr jkT; mRrj izns'k ,0 vkbZ0 vkj0 1994 ,l0 lh0 551 ds ekeys esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk ;g vo/kkfjr fd;k x;k gS fd%& Aggressor even of suffering minor injuries cannot be claimed the right of private defence."
'kjhj rFkk lEifRr ds izkbosV izfrj{kk ds vf/kdkjksa ds lEca/k esa Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk dh /kkjk 97 esa fuEu izko/kku gS%&
97. Right of private defence of the body and of property - Every person has a right, subject to the restrictions contained in section 99, to defend -
First- His own body, and the body of any other person, against any offence affecting the human body;
Secondly- The property, whether movable or immovable, of himself or of any other person, against any act which is an offence falling under the definition of theft, robbery, mischief or criminal trespass, or which is an attempt to commit theft, roberry, mischief or criminal trespass.
Hkk0 na0 la0 dh /kkjk 99 esa fuEu izko/kku gS%&
99. Acts against which there is no right of private defence - There is no right of private defence against an act which does not reasonably cause the apprehension of death or of grievouos hurt, if done, or attempted to be done, by a public servant acting in good faith under colour of his office, though that act, may not be strictly justifiable by law.
There is no right of private defence against an act which does not reasonably cause the apprehension of death or of grievous hurt, if done, or attempted to be done, by the direction of a public servant acting in good faith under colour of his office, though that direction may not be strictly justifiable by law.
There is no right of private defence in cases which there is time to have recouorse to the protection of the public authorities.
Extent to which the right may be exercised - The right of private defence in no case extends to the inflicting of more harm than it is necessary to inflict for the purpose of defence.
Explanation 1. - A person is not deprived of the right of private defence against an act done, or attempted to be done, by a public servant, as such, unless he knows or has reason to believe, that the person doing the act is such public servant.
Explanation 2 - A person is not deprived of the right of private defence against an act done, or attempted to be done, by the direction of a public servant, unless he knows, or has reason to believe, that the person doing the act is acting by such direction, or unless such person states the authority under which he acts, or if he has authority in writing, unless he produces such authority, if demanded.
RkFkk Hkk0 na0 la0 dh /kkjk 100 esa fuEu izko/kku gS%&
100. When the right of private defence of the body extends to causing death - The right of private defence of the body extends, under the restrictions mentioned in the last preceding section, to the voluntary causing of death or of any other harm to the assailant, if the offence which occasions the exercise of the right be of any of the descriptions hereinafter enumerated, namely :-
First - Such an assault as may reasonably cause the apprehension that death will otherwise be the consequence of such assault;
Secondly - Such an assault as may reasonably cause the apprehension that grievous hurt will otherwise be the consequence of such assault;
Thirdly - An assault with the intention of committing rape;
Fourthly - An assault with the intention of gratifying unnatural lust;
Fifthly - An assault with the intention of kidnapping or abducting;
Sixthly - An assault with the intention of wrongfully confining a person, under circumstances which may reasonably cause him to apprehend that he will be unable to have recourse to the public authorities for his release.
Seventhly - An act of throwing or administering acid or an attempt to throw or administer acid which may reasonably cause the apprehension that grievous hurt will otherwise be the consequence of such act.
¼2017½ 2 ,l0 lh0 lh0 737 Lkqjs'k flagy izfr jkT; ¼nsgyh ,fMfeufLVªs'ku½ ds ekeys esa tgka nks i{kksa ds e/; izkiVhZ ds fookn dks lqy>kus gsrq ckrphr ds nkSjku ihfMr i{k }kjk vihykFkhZ lqjs'k flagy dk xyk ?kksVus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k ftl ij vihykFkhZ us viuh fjokYoj ls ihfMrksa ij Qk;j fd;s Fks mDr ekeys esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk izfrj{kk ds vf/kdkjksa ds lEca/k esa fopkj djrs gq, vihykFkhZ ds vijk/k dks /kkjk 302 Hkk0 na0 la0 ds LFkku ij /kkjk 304 Hkk0 na0 la0 ds vUrxZr ik;kA vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls izLrqr mijksDr fof/k O;oLFkk fdzfeuy vihy la[;k 604 o"kZ 2006 juchj flag ,oa vU; izfr jkT; gfj;k.kk fu.khZr fnukad 30 vizSy] 2009 esa Hkh izkbosV izfrj{kk ds vf/kdkjksa ds lEca/k esa fopkj djrs gq, vihykFkhZ dks /kkjk 302@34 Hkk0 na0 la0 ds ctk, /kkjk 304 Hkkx 1 lifBr /kkjk 34 Hkk0 na0 la0 ds vUrxZr nks"kh ik;kA vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls izLrqr fof/k O;oLFkk eksfgUnj iky tkyh izfr jkT; iatkc 1979 ,0 vkbZ0 vkj0 577 ds ekeys esa tgak QSDVªjh ekfyd o deZpkfj;ksa ds chp etnwjh dks ysdj fookn Fkk rFkk deZpkjhx.k QSDVªjh ds ckgj ,d= gksdj ukjsckth djus yxs vkSj vihykFkhZ dh lEifRr dks {kfr dkfjr djus yxs ftl ij vihykFkhZ }kjk fjokYoj ls Qk;j fd;k x;k FkkA mDr ekeys esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk vihykFkhZ dk vijk/k /kkjk 304 Hkkx 2 Hkk0 na0 la0 ds vUrxZr ik;k x;kA mYys[kuh; gS fd izLrqr ekeys esa vihykFkhZx.k us oknh ds njokts ij tkdj tc e`rd vius cjkens esa cSBs pk; ih jgs Fks rFkk pqVSy vuhrk Hkh ogak ekStwn Fkh mu ij va/kk/kqa/k Qk;fjax dh ftlds ifj.kke Lo:i bl ?kVuk esa nks O;fDr;ksa dh e`R;q gks x;h rFkk vuhrk ef.k ¼pqVSy½ dks vkXus;kL= dh pksVsa vk;h gSA vihykFkhZ nhu n;ky ef.k }kjk bZaVk ls dq0 lhek dks Hkh pksVs igqapk;h x;hA mijksDr ls Li"V gS fd vihykFkhZx.k us vdzked gksdj oknh o e`rdksa ds ?kj ij tkdj va/kk/kqa/k Qk;fjax dh gS ftlls nks O;fDr;ksa dh ekSr gqbZ gS rFkk vuhrk ef.k dks vkXus;kL= dh pksVsa vk;h gS vkSj dq0 lhek dks Hkh bZaVk dh pksVsa vk;h gSA ,slh n'kk esa ;g Li"V gS fd vihykFkhZx.k us lqfu;ksftr tgka rd vihykFkhZ i{k dh pksVksa ds Li"Vhdj.k dk iz'u gS rks ;g ckr vo'; gS fd vfHk;kstu dh vksj ls vihykFkhZ i{k ds yksxksa dh pksVksa dk Li"Vhdj.k ugha fn;k x;k gSA ¼2004½ 13 ,l0 lh0 lh0 257 vfuy dqekj izfr jkT; mRrj izns'k ds ekeys esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk ;g vo/kkfjr fd;k x;k gS fd ;fn vfHk;kstu dh lk{; fo'oluh; gS rks vfHk;qDr i{k dh ekewyh o cukoVh pksVksa dk Li"Vhdj.k u nsus ek= ls vfHk;kstu dFkkud fdlh Hkh izdkj ls izHkkfor ugha gksrk gSA izLrqr ekeys esa vfHk;kstu dh vksj ls rF; ds lkf{k;ksa ds :i esa vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 lw;Z izdk'k ef.k] vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 vuhrk ef.k ¼pqVSy½] vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 3 dq0 lhek ¼pqVSy½ rFkk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 6 lqjsUnz ef.k f=ikBh dks ijhf{kr djk;k x;k gSA mijksDr lkf{k;ksa dh ftjg esa ,slk dksbZ rF; ugha vk;k gS ftlls dh mijksDr lkf{k;ksa dh lk{; dks xyr vFkok vfo'oluh; ekuk tk ldsA vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls ,d rdZ ;g Hkh j[kk x;k fd vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 lw;Z izdk'k ef.k ?kVuk dk izR;{kn'khZ lk{kh ugha gS mls ?kVuk ds le; dksbZ pksVsa ugha vk;h gSA ;g lk{kh] pqVSy rFkk e`rdksa ds ikl lh/kk vLirky igqapk Fkk rks mYys[kuh; gS fd ;fn vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 lw;Z izdk'k ef.k dks bl ?kVuk esa dksbZ pksV ugha vk;h gS rks dfFkr ?kVuk ds le; ekSds ij mldh mifLFkfr ds lEca/k esa lansg dk dksbZ vk/kkj ugha ik;k tkrk gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh 2 vuhrk ef.k] vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 3 dq0 lhek rFkk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 6 lqjsUnz ef.k f=ikBh ds c;kuksa esa ;g vk;k gS fd dfFkr ?kVuk ds le; vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 lw;Z izdk'k ef.k ?kj ij ekStwn FkkA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 vuhrk ef.k dh ftjg esa ;g vk;k gS fd Qk;fjax ds le; lw;Z izdk'k ef.k mlls mRrj dh rjQ Fkk vkSj insZ ds ihNs fNi x;k Fkk mlus ;g Hkh Li"V fd;k gS fd ,slk ugha gS fd inkZ dh otg ls lw;Z izdk'k ef.k ?kVuk u ns[k ik jgsa gksA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 vuhrk ef.k o vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 3 dq0 lhek dh lk{; esa ;g vk;k gS fd vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 lw;Z izdk'k ef.k] e`rd lqjsUnz ef.k o misUnz ef.k rFkk pqVSy vuhrk ef.k dks VSEiksa ls nsofj;k vLirky ys x;s Fks tgak mlus vuhrk ef.k dks HkrhZ djk;k FkkA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 4 MkDVj lqjsUnz cgknqj }kjk vuhrk ef.k ¼pqVSy½ dk MkDVjh ijh{k.k fd;k x;k gS muds c;ku esa ;g vk;k gS fd vuhrk ef.k dks lw;Z izdk'k ef.k ¼tks muds HkkbZ Fks½ ds }kjk yk;k x;k FkkA vuhrk ef.k dh batjh fjiksVZ esa Hkh lw;Z izdk'k ef.k }kjk mls ykus dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gSA blls ;gh Li"V gksrk gS fd vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 lw;Z izdk'k ef.k }kjk ?kVuk ds ckn nksuks e`rdksa o vuhrk ef.k ¼pqVSy½ dks ftyk fpfdRlky; nsofj;k ys tk;k x;k FkkA ,slh n'kk esa dfFkr ?kVuk ds le; vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 lw;Z izdk'k ef.k dh mifLFkfr ds lEca/k esa lansg dk dksbZ vk/kkj izrhr ugha gksrk gSA vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls ,d rdZ ;g Hkh j[kk x;k fd izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ esa dq0 lhek dks dksbZ pksV vkus dk mYys[k ugha gS rFkk mldk MkDVjh ijh{k.k Hkh mlh fnu fnukad 1&5&1998 dks 3&48 ih0 ,e0 ij fd;s tkus dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gSA ;fn dq0 lhek dks ?kVuk ds nkSjku dksbZ pksV vk;h gksrh rks mls Hkh e`rdksa ds lkFk vLirky ys tk;k tkrkA ,slh n'kk esa dfFkr ?kVuk esa dq0 lhek dks pksV vkuk lansg ls ijs fl} ugha gS rks mYys[kuh; gS fd dq0 lhek ¼vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 3½ ds :i esa ijhf{kr gqbZ gS mlus vius c;ku esa ?kVuk ns[kus o vihykFkhZ nhu n;ky ef.k ds bZaV ls mlds cka;s da/ks esa pksV vkus dh ckr dgh gS rFkk ;g Hkh dgk gS fd mldh nok bykt gqvk Fkk rFkk og 14 fnu rd vLirky esa HkrhZ jgh FkhA ;|fi vLirky esa HkrhZ jgus dk dksbZ vfHkys[k i=koyh ij nkf[ky ugha fd;k x;k gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 3 dq0 lhek ¼pqVSy½ us viuh ftjg esa ;g crk;k gS fd tc mls pksV yxh Fkh rks ml le; mlus fdlh dks ugha crk;k FkkA ?kVuk ds ckn mlus pksVksa ds ckjs esa viuh eEeh dks tkudkjh nh FkhA ;g Hkh dgk gS fd mlus vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls ,d rdZ ;g Hkh j[kk x;k fd vihykFkhZ txnh'k ef.k us e`rd lqjsUnz ef.k o ikap vU; ds fo:} ewyokn la[;k 2285 o"kZ 1997 txnh'k ef.k izfr lqjsUnz ef.k vkfn nkf[ky fd;k Fkk ftlesa U;k;ky; }kjk odhy dfe'uj fu;qDr fd;k x;k Fkk rFkk odhy dfe'uj }kjk mDr eqdnesa esa vihykFkhZ txnh'k ef.k ds edku ds if'pe rjQ dksbZ njoktk ugha ik;k FkkA vihykFkhZ ds edku ds if'pe rjQ vihykFkhZ txnh'k ef.k dk dksbZ njoktk ugha gSA ,slh n'kk esa xokgksa }kjk tks vihykFkhZ txnh'k ef.k] pUnz izdk'k ef.k o mes'k ef.k dks vius edku ds ihNs ds njokts ls vkus dh ckr dgh x;h gS og LokHkkfod ,oa fo'oluh; izrhr ugha gksrh gSA ;g Hkh rdZ j[kk x;k fd vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 vuhrk ef.k }kjk vihykFkhZ mes'k ef.k ds edku esa if'pe rjQ f[kMdh gksus dh ckr dgh x;h gS rFkk mlh f[kMdh ls vihykFkhZx.k txnh'k ef.k] mes'k ef.k o pUnz izdk'k ef.k dks vkuk dgk x;k gS blls Hkh vihykFkhZ txnh'k ef.k ds edku ds if'pe rjQ njoktk gksus dh dgkuh fo'oluh; ugha yxrh gSA foospukf/kdkjh us xyr vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls ,d rdZ ;g Hkh j[kk x;k fd iz'uxr izdj.k ds izFke foospd Jh oh0 ds0 feJk dks lk{; esa ijhf{kr ugha djk;k x;k gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 9 jke 'kadj frokjh bl ekeys ds f}rh; foospd gS muds }kjk lEiUu dh x;h foospuk fu"i{k ugha gS rFkk mUgsa nsofj;k ls Fkkuk xkSjhcktkj LFkkukUrfjr fd;k x;k Fkk ,oa izFke foospd Jh oh0 ds0 feJk dks iqfyl ykbu gkftj fd;k x;k Fkk blls ;gh tkfgj gksrk gS fd bl ekeys dh fu"i{k foospuk ugh dh x;h gS rks mYys[kuh; gS fd bl ekeys ds izFke foospd Jh oh0 ds0 feJk }kjk ek= oknh ,oa xokg ds c;ku vafdr fd;s x;s Fks ;fn mUgsa lk{; esa ijhf{kr ugha djk;k x;k gS rks vfHk;kstu dFkkud fdlh Hkh izdkj ls izHkkfor ugha gksrk gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 9 jke 'kadj frokjh iz'uxr izdj.k ds f}rh; foospd gS mUgksus bl ekeys dh foospuk iw.kZ dj lk{; ladfyr dj vihykFkhZx.k ds fo:} vkjksi i= U;k;ky; izsf"kr fd;k gS mudh ftjg esa ,slk dksbZ rF; ugha vk;k gS ftlls dh foospuk ds lEca/k esa dksbZ lansg O;Dr fd;k tk ldsA ,slh n'kk esa vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls mDr lEca/k esa fn, x;s rdZ esa ge dksbZ cy ugha ikrs gSaA vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls ,d rdZ ;g Hkh j[kk x;k fd ?kVukLFky ls dksbZ [kwu vkywnk o lknh feV~Vh cjken ugha dh x;h gS rFkk ?kVukLFky ij dksbZ [kks[kk dkjrwl o NjksZ ds fu'kku Hkh foospukf/kdkjh dks ugh feys gSa rks ;gak ;g mYys[kuh; gS fd ;g ?kVuk fnukad 1&5&1998 dks le; lqcg 7&00 cts dh crk;h x;h gS rFkk foospukf/kdkjh us ?kVukLFky dk fujh{k.k fnukad 2&5&1998 dks fd;k gSA ,slh n'kk esa ;fn foospukf/kdkjh dks ekSds ij dksbZ [kwu ugha feyk vFkok dksbZ [kks[kk dkjrwl ugh feys ;k muds }kjk NjksZ ds fu'kku ns[kus dk iz;kl ugha fd;k x;k rks ek= mDr vk/kkj ij ?kVuk ds lEca/k esa lansg dk dksbZ vk/kkj izrhr ugha gksrk gSA vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls ,d rdZ ;g Hkh j[kk x;k fd vfHk;qDr ekjd.Ms; ef.k izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ esa uketn vfHk;qDr Fkk rFkk xokgksa ds c;ku vUrxZr /kkjk 161 na0 iz0 la0 esa mlds uke dk mYys[k gS ijUrq ckn esa vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 vuhrk ef.k] vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 3 dq0 lhek o vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 6 lqjsUnz ef.k f=ikBh }kjk vfHk;qDr ekjd.Ms; ef.k ds uke dk mYys[k ugha fd;k x;kA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 vuhrk ef.k ftl ij vfHk;qDr ekjd.Ms; }kjk Hkh Qk;j djus dh ckr dgh tkrh gS mlus vius c;ku esa ;g dgk gS fd ekjd.Ms; ef.k funksZ"k gSA ,slh n'kk esa xokgksa ds c;ku ij lgtrk ls fo'okl ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS cfYd ;gh izdV gksrk gS fd vfHk;qDr ekjd.Ms; ef.k ls lkSnsckth dj mlds uke dk yksi fd;k x;k gS rks mYys[kuh; gS fd vfHk;qDr ekjd.Ms; ef.k dks fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk nks"keqDr fd;k x;k gS ;fn xokgksa }kjk vfHk;qDr ekjd.Ms; ef.k ds uke dk mYys[k ugha fd;k x;k gS rks ek= mDr vk/kkj ij vfHk;kstu lkf{k;ksa dh lk{; ij vfo'okl djus dk dksbZ vk/kkj izrhr ugha gksrk gSA vfHk;kstu lkf{k;ksa dh lk{; fpfdRlh; lk{; ls Hkh lEiq"V gSA ,slh n'kk esa mDr lEca/k esa vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls j[ks x;s rdZ esa ge dksbZ cy ugha ikrs gSaA vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls ,d rdZ ;g Hkh j[kk x;k fd vihykFkhZx.k ds dCts vFkok muds fu'kkunsgh ij ?kVuk esa iz;qDr dV~Vksa dh cjkenxh ugha crk;h tkrh gS rFkk cjken cUnwd cSysfLVd ,DliVZ ds ;gak tkap gsrq ugh Hksth x;h gS rks mYys[kuh; gS fd ;fn foospukf/kdkjh }kjk vihykFkhZx.k ls fdlh dV~Vsa dh dksbZ cjkenxh ugha dh x;h gS rks ek= mDr vk/kkj ij ?kVuk ds izR;{kn'khZ lkf{k;ksa dh lk{; ij vfo'okl djus dk dksbZ vk/kkj izrhr ugha gksrk gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 1 lw;Z izdk'k ef.k] vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 2 vuhrk ef.k] vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 3 dq0 lhek rFkk vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 6 lqjsUnz ef.k f=ikBh dh lk{; esa ;g vk;k gS fd vihykFkhZ mes'k ef.k ds gkFk esa cUnwd rFkk vihykFkhZ nhu n;ky ef.k ds gkFk esa baZVk ,oa vU; vihykFkhZx.k ds gkFkksa esa dV~Vs FksA xokgksa us vihykFkhZx.k }kjk cUnwd o dV~Vks ls Qk;j dj e`rdksa rFkk pqVSy dks pksVsa igqapkus dk mYys[k fd;k gSA vihykFkhZ mes'k ef.k }kjk ykblsalh cUnwd ls ?kVuk ds le; nks Qk;j djus dh ckr dgh x;h gSA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 6 lqjsUnz ef.k f=ikBh dh lk{; esa ;g vk;k gS fd mes'k ef.k tks [kks[kk dkjrwl tehu ij fxjs Fks mUgsa mBkrs gq, lHkh vfHk;qDrx.k xkfy;ka nsrs gq, pys x;sA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 6 lqjsUnz ef.k f=ikBh dh lk{; esa ;g Hkh vk;k gS fd mes'k ef.k us viuh ykblsalh cUnwd ls lqjsUnz ef.k ij Qk;j fd;s Fks tc mldk yMdk misUnz vius firk dks cpkus ds fy, pyk rc txnh'k ef.k o pUnz izdk'k ef.k dV~Vks ls Qk;j fd;s rc rd mes'k ef.k nwljh xksyh Hkjdj pyk;kA blls Hkh ;gh Li"V gksrk gS fd vihykFkhZ mes'k ef.k }kjk igyk Qk;j djus ds ckn cUnwd dks fjyksM fd;k x;k FkkA iz'uxr cUnwd U;k;ky; esa ljs.Mj dh x;h FkhA vfHk;kstu lk{kh la[;k 9 jke 'kadj frokjh foospd us viuh ftjg esa ;g crk;k gS fd cSysfLVd ,DliVZ ds ;gak cUnwd ugh Hksth x;h Fkh D;ksfd ?kVuk ds ckn mDr cUnwd lkQ dh x;h FkhA mijksDr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa cUnwd dks ,DliVZ tkap gsrq ;fn ugh Hkstk x;k gS rks mlls Hkh vfHk;kstu dFkkud fdlh Hkh izdkj ls izHkkfor ugha gksrk gSA cpko i{k dh vksj ls cpko lk{kh la[;k 4 tVk 'kadj ef.k dks ijhf{kr djk;k x;k gS mUgksusa vius c;ku esa ;g dgk gS fd og fpfdRld dk dk;Z djrk gS mldh nqdku ls cjkjh ekStk ,d fdeh0 gSA og cjkjh ds mes'k ef.k vkSj muds firk dks tkurk gSA mes'k] pUnz izdk'k] txnh'k ef.k U;k;ky; esa gkftj gSA mes'k ds edku dk :[k iwjc gSA buds if'pe 'kSysUnz dk edku gS chp esa 15 dne dh nwjh gSA ebZ] 1998 esa ekjihV dk 'kksj gqvk Fkk og ekStk cjkjh x;k D;ksafd mes'k] lqjsUnz ef.k nksuks ifjokj ls esjk lEca/k FkkA og lqcg lk cpko lk{kh la[;k 1 MkDVj ,l0 ch0 flag us vihykFkhZ pUnz izdk'k ef.k] txnh'k ef.k o ekyrh nsoh ¼iRuh txnh'k ef.k½ dk fpfdRlh; ijh{k.k fd;k FkkA bl lk{kh us vius }kjk rS;kj dh x;h mijksDr rhuksa pqVSyksa dh batjh fjiksVZ izn'kZ [k&1 ykx;r izn'kZ [k&3 dks lkfcr fd;k gSA cpko lk{kh la[;k 2 jk?kosUnz flag] ,Dljs VsDuhf'k;u gSA bUgksusa pqVSy ekyrh nsoh dh ,Dljs fjiksVZ MkDVj jktho t;loky ds ys[k ,oa gLrk{kj esa gksuk crkrs gq, izn'kZ [k&4 ds :i esa lkfcr fd;k gS rFkk mUgksusa ,Dljs IysV dks ,&1 ,oa ,&2 ds :i esa rFkk jftLVj dh izfr dks izn'kZ [k&5 ds :i esa izekf.kr fd;k gSA cpko lk{kh la[;k 3 cSfjLVj flag] phQ QkekZflLV us vihykFkhZ txnh'k ef.k dh vLirky esa HkrhZ jgus ls lEcfU/kr csM gsM fVdV dks izn'kZ [k&6 ds :i esa lkfcr fd;k gSA cpko lk{kh la[;k 5 fouksn dqekj nqcs] fyfid }kjk bl ekeys dh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ fnukad 15&5&1998 dks izkIr gksus dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gSA cpko lk{kh la[;k 6 fo'o Hkw"k.k flag] {ks=kf/kdkjh dks fo'ks"k fjiksVZ ds ckcr ijhf{kr djk;k x;k gSA mijksDr cpko lk{kh la[;k 1 yxk;r 3 rFkk 5 o 6 vkSipkfjd lk{kh gS mudh lk{; esa Hkh dksbZ [kkl ckr ugha vk;h gS ftlls dh vihykFkhZx.k dks dksbZ ykHk izkIr gks ldsA i=koyh ij miyC/k leLr lk{; ,oa vfHkys[kksa ij lE;d fopkj djus ds mijkUr ge blh fu"d"kZ ij igqaps gS fd ;g ?kVuk vfHk;kstu ds dFkukuqlkj gh ?kfVr gksuk fl} gSA dfFkr ?kVuk ds le; vihykFkhZx.k us cUnwd] dV~Vk o bZaVk ls izgkj dj e`rdksa o pqVSy dks pksVsa igqapk;h gSA vihykFkhZ txnh'k ef.k }kjk vius cpko esa Qk;fjax djuk ugha ik;k tkrk gS cfYd i=koyh ij miyC/k leLr lk{; ls ;gh fl} gksrk gS fd vihykFkhZx.k us ,d jk; gksdj lkekU; mn~}s'; dh iwfrZ esa e`rdksa dh gR;k dkfjr djus o pqVSyksa dks pksVsa igqapkus ds vk'k; ls muds ?kj ij tkdj cUnwd o dV~Vksa ls va/kk/kqa/k Qk;fjax dj e`rdksa o pqVSy vuhrk ef.k dks pksVsa igqapk;h rFkk vihykFkhZ nhu n;ky ef.k }kjk bZaVk ls dq0 lhek ef.k dks pksVsa igqapk;h x;h gSA izLrqr ekeys esa cpko i{k ds dFkukuqlkj ?kVuk ?kfVr gksuk ugha ik;k tkrk gSA ,slh n'kk esa fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk tks vihykFkhZx.k dks iz'uxr vijk/k esa nks"kfl} ikdj nf.Mr fd;k x;k gS mlesa ge dksbZ fof/kd =qfV vFkok vfu;ferrk ugha ikrs gSA fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; dk iz'uxr fu.kZ; ,oa vkns'k leqfpr foospuk ij vk/kkfjr gS ftlesa gLr{ksi dk dksbZ vk/kkj ugha ik;k tkrk gSA mijksDr foospuk ls ge blh er ds gSa fd mDr rhuksa vihyksa esa dksbZ cy ugha gS ,oa fujLr gksus ;ksX; gS rnuqlkj mijksDr rhuksa nkf.Md vihysa fujLr dh tkrh gS rFkk fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr nks"kflf} ,oa n.Mkns'k dh iqf"V dh tkrh gSA vihykFkhZx.k mes'k ef.k] txnh'k ef.k] jfo 'kadj ef.k] nhu n;ky ef.k o pUnz izdk'k ef.k tekur ij gS muds tekurukesa ,oa ca/ki= fujLr fd;s tkrs gSaA mDr vihykFkhZx.k@vfHk;qDrx.k dks funsZf'kr fd;k tkrk gS fd os ltk Hkqxrus ds fy, rqjUr lEcfU/kr U;k;ky; ds le{k vkReleZi.k djsaA fu.kZ; dh izfr ,oa v/khuLFk U;k;ky; dh i=koyh vfoyEc lEcfU/kr U;k;ky; dks vuqikyukFkZ Hksth tk,A fnukad@& 28&9&2018 v