Supreme Court of India
Brij Mohan vs Commissioner Of Income Tax, New Delhi on 3 August, 1979
Equivalent citations: 1979 AIR 1897, 1980 SCR (1) 199, 1979 TAX. L. R. 1297, (1979) 4 SCC 118, (1979) 54 TAXATION 121, (1979) 2 TAXMAN 209 (SC), (1979) 5 TAX LAW REV 8 (SC), (1979) 12 CURTAXREP 198, 1979 SCC (TAX) 294, (1979) 2 TAXMAN 209, 1979 UJ (SC) 617, (1179) 54 TAXATION 121, (1979) 120 ITR 1, AIR 1979 SUPREME COURT 1897, 1979 54 TAXATION 121, 120 ITR 1, 1979 SCC TAX 294, 1979 (4) SCC 118
Author: R.S. Pathak
Bench: R.S. Pathak, P.N. Bhagwati
PETITIONER:
BRIJ MOHAN
Vs.
RESPONDENT:
COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, NEW DELHI
DATE OF JUDGMENT03/08/1979
BENCH:
PATHAK, R.S.
BENCH:
PATHAK, R.S.
BHAGWATI, P.N.
CITATION:
1979 AIR 1897 1980 SCR (1) 199
1979 SCC (4) 118
CITATOR INFO :
RF 1992 SC1139 (9)
ACT:
Income Tax Act, 1961, Section 271(1)(c)(iii) as amended
by Finance Act 1968-Scope of.
HEADNOTE:
Section 271(1)(c)(iii) provided that where the Income
Tax officer had reason to believe that the assessee had
concealed particulars of his income or furnished inaccurate
particulars of such income he may impose a penalty of a sum
in addition to any tax payable by the assessee which shall
not be less than twenty per cent but which shall not exceed
one and a half times the amount of the tax. The Finance Act
1968, which came into effect from April 1, 1968, enhanced
the penalty to a sum which shall not be less than 7 but
which shall not exceed twice. the amount of income in
respect of which the particulars have been concealed or
inaccurate particulars have been furnished.
The assessee filed a return of his total income for the
assessment year 1964-65 on 24th April, 1968. In the course
of assessment proceedings, the Income Tax officer found that
the assessee had concealed the income earned from one of his
two firms. Having regard to the minimum penalty which he
considered was leviable, he referred the case to the
Inspecting Assistant Commissioner. The Inspecting Assistant
Commissioner imposed a penalty in respect of the concealed
income in accordance with section 271 (1) (c) (iii) as
amended by the Finance Act 1968.
It was argued on behalf of the assessee that (i)
assessment proceeding for the determination of total income
and computation of tax liability must ordinarily he made on
the basis of the law prevailing during the assessment year,
and inasmuch an concealment of income is concerned with the
income relevant for assessment during the assessment year
any penalty Imposed in respect of concealment of such income
must also be governed by the law pertaining to that
assessment year, (ii) under s. 139 of the Act as it stood
during the assessment year 1964-65, the return of income
should have been filed by the end of September 1964 and as
the return although filed on April 24, 1968 was accepted by
the Income Tax officer and therefore should be deemed to
have been filed within time i.e. by September 30, 1964 the
penalty would be governed by the section as it originally
stood then.
^
HELD: 1. Clause (iii) substituted in sub-section (1) of
section 271 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 by the Finance Act,
1968, governs the case. Therefore, the penalty imposed on
the assessee in the instant case is covered by that
provision [204B]
2. The assessment of the total income and the
computation of tax liability is a proceeding which for that
purpose, is governed by entirely different considerations
from a proceeding for penalty imposed for concealment of
income. And this is so notwithstanding that the income
concealed is the income assessed
200
to tax. In the case of the assessment of income and the
determination of the consequent tax liability, the relevant
law is the law which rules during the 1 assessment year in
respect of which the total income is assessed and the tax
liability determined. The rate of tax is determined by the
relevant Finance Act. In the case of a penalty, however, it
is imposed on account of the commission of a wrongful act.
It is the law operating on the date on which the wrongful
act is committed which determines the penalty. Where penalty
is imposed for concealment of particulars of income, it is
the law ruling on the date when the act of concealment takes
place which is relevant. It is wholly immaterial that the
income concealed was to be assessed in relation to an
assessment Year in the past. [202G-H, 203A-C]
3. Under s. 139 of the Act, although the statute itself
prescribes the date by which a return of income must be
filed, power has been conferred on the Income Tax Officer to
extend the date of furnishing the return. A return filed
within the extended period is a good return in the sense
that the Income Tax officer is bound to take it into
consideration. But nowhere does s. 139 declare that where a
return is filed within the extended period it will be deemed
to have been filed within the period originally prescribed
by the statute. On the contrary, the section contains a
provision for payment of interest where the return filed
beyond the prescribed date even though within the extended
period. That is evidence of the fact that the return filed
during the extended period is not regarded by the statute as
filed within the time originally prescribed. [203 F-H, 204A]
JUDGMENT:
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Tax Reference Case No. 15 of 1975.
Tax Reference under Section 257 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 made by the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal Delhi Bench R.A. No. 508 of 1971-72 arising out of I.T.A. No. 3410 of 70-71 for assessment year 1964-65.
S. L. Aneja and K. L. Taneja for the Appellant. S. C. Manchanda, G. A. Shah and Miss A. Subhashini for the Respondent.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by PATHAK, J.- Is an assessee, who has concealed the particulars of his income, liable to penalty under clause
(iii) of sub-section (1) of section 271 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 as it stood on the date of the concealment or as it stand during the assessment year relevant to the previous year in which the income was earned ?
That is the question in this reference made by the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal under section 257 of the Income Tax Act.
The assessee is a partner in two firms, Messrs. Hindustan Pottery Agency and Messrs. New Crockery House. He filed a return of his total income for the assessment year 1964-65 on April 201 24, 1968. He disclosed an income of Rs. 460/- from his share in the profits of Messrs. Hindustan Pottery Agency. He did not disclose the income from his share in Messrs. New Crockery House. In the course of the assessment proceedings, the Income Tax officer found that the assessee had received income from Messrs. New Crockery House also. Because of non- compliance by the assessee with a notice issued under section 143 (2) of the Act, the Income Tax officer made a best judgment assessment under Section 144 of the Act on a total income of Rs. 12,118/-. This included a share income of Rs. 1,462/- from Messrs. Hindustan Pottery Agency and a share income of Rs. 3,456/- from Messrs. New Crockery House. Certain other items of income were also included. On appeal by the assessee, the Appellate Assistant Commissioner reduced the income from Messrs. New Crockery House to Rs. 2,955/- and taking into account certain other items determined the figure of concealed income at Rs. 7,357.
The Income Tax officer instituted penalty proceedings, and applied clause (iii) of sub-section (1) of section 271 of the Act, as it stand after amendment by the Finance Act, 1968. Having regard to the minimum penalty which, in his opinion, was leviable, he referred the case to the Inspecting Assistant Commissioner. The Inspecting Assistant Commissioner examined the matter, and on the basis that the concealed income was Rs. 7,357/- he imposed a 13 penalty in the like sum, in view of the amended clause (iii) of subsection (1) of section 271 of the Act. The assessee appealed to the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, and contended that the amended provision could not be invoked and what came into operation was the law as it stood in the assessment year 1964-65. The Tribunal rejected the contention. But it reduced the penalty to Rs. 2,955/- taking the view that the assessee was guilty of concealing the share income from Messrs. New Crockery House only. The assessee then applied for a reference. The Tribunal saw a conflict of opinion on the point raised by the assessee between the Kerala High Court in Hajee K. Asseinar v. Commissioner of Income-Tax, Kerala and the Punjab and Haryana High Court in Income Tax Reference No. 45 of 1971 (decided on April, 26, 1972) which had followed Saeed Ahmed v. Inspecting Assistant Commissioner of Income-tax, Range ll, Lucknow(2) decided by the Allahabad High Court . In the circumstances, it made the present reference directly to this Court on the following question of law:
202"Whether the Tribunal was, in law, right in sustaining the penalty of Rs. 2,955/- by applying the provisions of section 271(1)(c) (iii) of the Income Tax Act, 1961 as amended with effect from 1-4-1968 ?"
Section 271 of the Income Tax Act provides for penalties in certain cases. Clause (c) of sub-section (1) of section 271 speaks of a case where the Income Tax officer is satisfied that a person has concealed the particulars of his income or furnished inaccurate particulars of such income. The measure of the penalty is specified in clause (iii) of the sub-section. During the assessment year 1964- 65, clause
(iii) read "(iii) in the cases referred to in clause (c), in addition to any tax payable by him, a sum which shall not be less than twenty per cent but which shall not exceed one and a half times the amount of the tax, if any, which would have been avoided if the income as returned by such person had been accepted as the correct income."
That clause was substituted with effect from April 1, 1968 by the Finance Act, 1968 by the following:-
"(iii) in the cases referred to in clause (c), in addition to any tax payable by him, a sum which shall not be less than, but which shall not exceed twice, the amount of the income in respect of which the particulars have been concealed or inaccurate particulars have been furnished.' It is evident that the quantum of tax which is levied under the substituted clause (iii) can be greater than that imposable in terms of the original clause (iii).
The case of the assessee is that an assessment proceeding for the determination of the total income and the computation of the tax liability must ordinarily be made on the basis of the law prevailing during the assessment year, and inasmuch as concealment of income is concerned with the income relevant for assessment during the assessment year any penalty imposed in respect of concealment of such income must also be governed by the law pertaining to that assessment year. We are unable to accept the contention. In our opinion, the assessment of the total income and the computation of tax liability is a proceeding which for that purpose, is governed by entirely different considerations from a proceeding for penalty imposed for concealment of income And this is so notwithstanding that the income concealed is the income assessed to tax.
203In the case of the assessment of income and the determination of the consequent tax liability, the relevant law is the law which rules during the assessment year in respect of which the total income is assessed and the tax liability determined. The rate of tax is determined by the relevant Finance Act. In the case of a penalty, however, we must remember that a penalty is imposed on account of the commission of a wrongful act, and plainly it is the law operating on the date on which the wrongful act is committed which determines the penalty. Where penalty is imposed for concealment of particulars of income, it is the law ruling on the date when the act of concealment takes place which is relevant. It is wholly immaterial that the income concealed was to be assessed in relation to an assessment year in the past.
We do not think that the cases to which the Tribunal has referred can be said to differ on this.
The concealment of the particulars of his income was effected by the assessee when he filed a return of total income on April 24, 196$,. Accordingly, it is the substituted clause (iii), brought in by the Finance Act. 1968, which governs the case. That clause came into effect from April 1, 1968.
Another contention raised by the assessee may be noticed. It is urged that under section 139 of the Income Tax Act, as it stood during the assessment year 1964-65 the return of income should have been filed by the end of September, 1964 and inasmuch as the return, although filed as late as April 24, 1968, was accepted by the Income Tax officer it should be deemed that the return was treated as filed within time or, in other words, that the return had been filed by September 3(), 1964. In that event, the submission continues, the concealment of the particulars of income must be deemed to have taken place when the original clause (iii) of section (1) of section 271 of the Act was in operation. This contention is also without force. Under section 139 of the Act, although the statute itself prescribes the date by which a return of income must be filed, power has been conferred on the Income Tax officer to extend the date of furnishing the return. A return filed within the extended period is a good return in the sense that the Income Tax officer is bound to take it into consideration. But nowhere does section 13 declare that where a return is filed within the extended period it will be deemed to have been filed within the period originally prescribed by the statute. On the contrary, the section contains a provision for payment of interest where the return is filed beyond the 204 prescribed date even though within the extended period. That is evidence of the fact that the return filed during the extended period is not regarded by the statute as filed within the time originally prescribed.
Accordingly, we are of opinion that clause (iii) substituted in sub-section (1) of section 271 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 by the Finance Act, 1968, governs the case before us and, therefore, the penalty imposed on the assessee in the instant case is covered by that provision.
We answer the question in the affirmative, in favour of the Revenue and against the assessee. The Revenue is entitled to its costs of this Reference.
N.K.A. Reference answered in favour of Revenue 205