Dy. Director Of Education & Anr. vs Veena Sharma on 16 August, 2010

[Cites 7, Cited by 13]

Delhi High Court

Dy. Director Of Education & Anr. vs Veena Sharma on 16 August, 2010

Author: Dipak Misra

Bench: Chief Justice, Manmohan

* HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI

Judgment Reserved on : 13th August, 2010
% Judgment Pronounced on: 16th August, 2010

+ LPA 342/2010

DY. DIRECTOR OF EDUCATION & ANR. ..... Appellants
Through: Mr. A.K. Bhardwaj, Adv.

versus

VEENA SHARMA ..... Respondent
Through: Mr. M.Y. Khan, Advocate

CORAM:
HON'BLE THE CHIEF JUSTICE
HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE MANMOHAN

1. Whether reporters of the local papers be allowed to see the judgment? Yes
2. To be referred to the Reporter or not? Yes
3. Whether the judgment should be reported in the Digest? Yes

DIPAK MISRA, CJ

Questioning the defensibility of the order dated 25th March, 2010 passed

by the learned Single Judge in WP(C) No. 10274/2009, the present appeal has

been preferred under Clause 10 of the Letters Patent.

2. The factual expose' lies in a narrow compass. The respondent-petitioner

was appointed as Upper Division Clerk on 17.12.2007 by the Air Force

Children Education Society, the respondent No.2 herein. While she was on

probation, an order dated 19.3.2009 came to be passed dispensing with her

services as the same were no longer required by the society. Being dissatisfied

with the said order, the respondent invoked the jurisdiction of this Court under

Article 226 of the Constitution of India for issuance of a writ of certiorari for

LPA 342/2010 Page 1 of 19
quashment of the order dated 19.3.2009 and further for issuance of a writ of

mandamus to command the respondents to take her back on duty and extend

the continuity of service along with other benefits.

3. It was contended before the learned Single Judge that the impugned

order was passed without following the due procedure of law inasmuch as the

respondent was a confirmed employee since she had completed the period of

probation and the society had no authority to extend the period of probation. In

essence, the proponement was that she was deemed to have been a confirmed

employee. That apart, it was urged that the services were not dispensed with as

per the terms stipulated in the letter of appointment.

4. The appellants, who were the respondents in the writ court, resisted the

aforesaid stand of the respondent-writ petitioner contending, inter alia, that she

was a probationer and the scanning of the provisions and the letter of

appointment would not ensue or entail in deemed confirmation.

5. The learned Single Judge adverted to the submissions raised at the bar

and came to hold that the respondent was a confirmed employee and, therefore,

her services could not have been dispensed with in violation of the principles

of natural justice and further the condition postulated in the letter of

appointment was not satisfied. Being of this view, he directed the present

appellants, the respondents in the writ petition, to reinstate her with benefit of

continuity of service and full back wages.

6. Mr. A.K. Bhardwaj, learned counsel appearing for the appellants, has

raised the following contentions:
LPA 342/2010 Page 2 of 19
(a) The learned Single Judge has fallen into error by expressing the

opinion that the respondent was a confirmed employee on the

basis of the letter of appointment though there is nothing in the

said letter which would justifiably lead to such a conclusion.

(b) The finding recorded by the learned Single Judge that there has

been violation of the principles of natural justice is totally

unsustainable inasmuch as the respondent was only a probationer

and her services could be terminated during the probation.

required to be done by the employer and when the same had not

taken place by issuing a letter of confirmation on the basis of

suitability and satisfactory performance, she could not have been

treated to be a confirmed employee.

(d) The learned Single Judge has flawed by holding that even during

probation her services could only be terminated after issuing one

month notice or by making payment of a sum equivalent to the

pay and allowance for the period of notice, for the same cannot be

treated as a condition precedent.

7. Mr. M.Y. Khan, learned counsel for the respondent, combating the

aforesaid submissions, has propounded as follows:

(i) The conclusion arrived at by the learned Single Judge as regards

the status of the respondent as a confirmed employee is absolutely

warrantable and well-founded if the letter of appointment is read

in juxtaposition with Section 8 of the Delhi School Education Act,

LPA 342/2010 Page 3 of 19
1973 (for short 'the Act') and Rule 105 of the Delhi School

Education Rules, 1973 (for brevity 'the Rules').

(ii) The provisions under the aforesaid Act and the Rules are to be

construed in favour of the employee regard being had to the fact

that the said Act and the Rules have been brought into existence

for the benefit of the employees and the beneficent nature of the

legislation and the Rules framed thereunder should not be

fossilized by placing a narrow interpretation.

(iii) It was incumbent on the part of the employer society to comply

with the condition stipulated in the letter of appointment itself and

the same having not been satisfied, the order passed by the learned

Single Judge is invulnerable and withstands scrutiny.

8. To appreciate the submissions raised at the bar, it is apposite to refer to

Section 8 which occurs in Chapter IV of the Act. The said provision deals with

the terms and conditions of service of employees of recognized private schools.

It reads as follows:

"8. Terms and conditions of service of employees of
recognised private schools- (1) The Administrator may
make rules regulating the minimum qualifications for
recruitment, and the conditions of service, of employees of
recognized private schools:

Provided that neither the salary nor the rights in
respect of leave of absence, age of retirement and pension
of an employee in the employment of an existing school at
the commencement of this Act shall be varied to the
disadvantage of such employee:

Provided further that every such employee shall be
entitled to opt for terms and conditions of service as they
were applicable to him immediately before the
commencement of this Act.
LPA 342/2010 Page 4 of 19
(2) Subject to any rule that may be made in this behalf, no
employee of a recognised private school shall be dismissed,
removed or reduced in rank nor shall his service be
otherwise terminated except with the prior approval of the
Director.

(3) Any employee of a recognised private school who is
dismissed, removed or reduced in rank may, within three
months from the date of communication to him of the order
of such dismissal, removal or reduction in rank, appeal
against such order to the Tribunal constituted under section
11.

(4) Where the managing committee of a recognised private
school intends to suspend any of its employees, such
intention shall be communicated to the Director and no
such-suspension a shall be made, except with the prior
approval of the Director:

Provided that the managing committee may suspend
an employee with immediate effect and without the prior
approval of the Director if it is satisfied that such
immediate suspension is necessary by reason of the gross
misconduct within the meaning of the Code of Conduct
prescribed under section 9, of the employee:

Provided further that no such immediate suspension
shall remain in force for more than a period of fifteen days
from the date of suspension unless it has been
communicated to the Director and approved by him before
the expiry of the said period.

(5) Where the intention to suspend, or the immediate
suspension of an employee is communicated to the Director,
he may, if he is satisfied that there are adequate and
reasonable grounds for such suspension, accord his
approval to such suspension."

9. Rule 105 of the Rules which deals with probation is as follows:

"105. Probation - (1) Every employee shall, on initial
appointment, be on probation for a period of one year
which may be extended by the appointing authority with the
prior approval of the Director and the services of an
employee may be terminated without notice during the
period of probation if the work and conduct of the
employee, during the said period, is not, in the opinion of
the appointing authority, satisfactory:
LPA 342/2010 Page 5 of 19
Provided that the provisions of this sub-rule relating
to the prior approval of the Director in regard to the
extension of the period of probation by another year, shall
not apply in the case of an employee of a minority school:

Provided further that no termination from the service
of an employee on probation shall be made by a school,
other than a minority school, except with the previous
approval of the Director.

(2) If the work and conduct of an employee during the
period of probation is found to be satisfactory, he shall be
on the expiry of the period of probation or the extended
period of probation as the case may be, confirmed with
effect from the date of expiry of the said period.

(3) Nothing in this rule shall apply to an employee who
has been appointed to fill a temporary vacancy or any
vacancy for a limited period."
[Emphasis supplied]

10. Clause 3 of the letter of appointment reads as under:

"3. The above appointment for UDC is on the first
instance, be on probation for 01 year. Afterwards a
confirmation letter will be issued to you, subject to
suitability and satisfactory services rendered by you. Your
services can be terminated by giving one month's notice on
either side without any reasons being assigned. However,
the appointing authority reserves the right to terminate your
service before the expiry of the stipulated period of notice
by making payment of a sum equivalent to the pay and
allowance for the period of notice or the un-expired portion
thereof."

11. The issue that emerges for consideration is whether on the basis of the

provisions of the Act and the Rules and the letter of appointment, it can be

construed that the respondent had become a confirmed employee under a

deemed concept after the expiry of the period of probation. Mr. Bhardwaj,

learned counsel for the appellants, has commanded us to the decision in State

of Punjab v. Dharam Singh, AIR 1968 SC 1210. Mr. Khan, learned counsel

for the respondent, submitted that it will depend on the scheme of the Act and
LPA 342/2010 Page 6 of 19
the Rules and the facts and circumstances in each case and, hence, the said

decision is distinguishable. The learned counsel placed heavy reliance on

Wasim Beg v. State of Uttar Pradesh & Ors., 1998 (78) F.L.R. 910. In

Dharam Singh (supra), the Apex Court was considering Rule 6 of the Punjab

Educational Service (Provincialised Cadre) Class III Rules, 1961. In the said

case, the Rule stipulated that the total period of probation including extensions,

if any, shall not exceed three years. Their Lordships referred to the earlier

view which had consistently stated that when a first appointment or promotion

is made on probation for a specific period and the employee is allowed to

continue in the post after the expiry of the period without any specific order of

confirmation, he should be deemed to continue in his post as a probationer only

in the absence of any indication to the contrary in the original order of

appointment or promotion or the service rules. Under these circumstances, an

express order of confirmation is necessary to give the employee a substantive

right to the post and from the mere fact that he is allowed to continue in the

post after the expiry of the specified period of probation, it is not possible to

hold that he should be deemed to have been confirmed. After referring to the

earlier view in Sukhbans Singh v. State of Punjab, AIR 1962 SC 1711, G.S.

Ramaswamy & Ors. v. Inspector-General of Police, Mysore, AIR 1966 SC

175 and State of Uttar Pradesh v. Akbar Ali Khan, AIR 1966 SC 1842, the

Apex Court interpreted Rule 6(3) of the Rules which arose for interpretation

therein and expressed the view that when the service rules fixed a certain

period of time beyond which the probationary period cannot be extended and

an employee appointed or promoted to a post on probation is allowed to

continue in that post after completion of the maximum period of probation
LPA 342/2010 Page 7 of 19
without an express order of confirmation, cannot be deemed to continue in that

post as a probationer by implication. It is so as such an implication is

negatived by the service rule forbidding extension of the probationary period

beyond the maximum period fixed by it.

12. In this context, we may refer with profit to a three-Judge Bench decision

in High Court of Madhya Pradesh through Registrar and Others v. Satya

Narayan Jhavar, AIR 2001 SC 3234 = (2001) 7 SCC 161. In the said case,

the Apex Court was considering the effect and impact of Rule 24 of the

Madhya Pradesh Judicial Service (Classification, Recruitment and Conditions

of Service) Rules, 1955. Be it noted, their Lordships were considering the

correctness of the decision in Dayaram Dayal v. State of M.P. & Another,

AIR 1997 SC 3269, which was also a case under Rule 24 of the Rules wherein

it was laid down that as no order of confirmation was passed within the

maximum period of probation, the probationer judicial officer could be deemed

to have been confirmed after the expiry of four years period of probation.

Their Lordships, after referring to the decisions rendered by the Constitution

Bench in Dharam Singh (supra) and Samsher Singh v. State of Punjab &

Another, AIR 1974 SC 2192 = (1974) 2 SCC 831 and after scanning the

anatomy of Rule 24, came to hold as follows:

"11. The question of deemed confirmation in service
Jurisprudence, which is dependent upon the language of the
relevant service rules, has been the subject matter of
consideration before this Court, times without number in
various decisions and there are three lines of cases on this
point. One line of cases is where in the service rules or in
the letter of appointment a period of probation is specified
and power to extend the same is also conferred upon the
authority without prescribing any maximum period of
probation and if the officer is continued beyond the
LPA 342/2010 Page 8 of 19
prescribed or extended period, he cannot be deemed to be
confirmed. In such cases there is no bar against termination
at any point of time after expiry of the period of probation.
The other line of cases is that where while there is a
provision in the rules for initial probation and extension
thereof, a maximum period for such extension is also
provided beyond which it is not permissible to extend
probation. The inference in such cases is that the officer
concerned is deemed to have been confirmed upon expiry of
the maximum period of probation in case before its expiry
the order of termination has not been passed. The last line
of cases is where, though under the rules maximum period
of probation is prescribed, but the same requires a specific
act on the part of the employer by issuing an order of
confirmation and of passing a test for the purposes of
confirmation. In such cases, even if the maximum period of
probation has expired and neither any order of
confirmation has been passed nor has the person concerned
passed the requisite test, he cannot be deemed to have been
confirmed merely because the said period has expired."

13. After so holding, their Lordships referred to the decision in Sukhbans

Singh v. State of Punjab (supra) wherein the Constitution Bench was

considering the question of confirmation under Rule 22 of the Punjab Civil

Service (Executive Branch) Rules, 1930 which provided that a candidate on

first appointment to the service shall remain on probation for a period of 18

months and the proviso thereto enabled the respondents not to extend the

period of probation. Rule 24 of the said Rules provided that on completion of

the period of probation prescribed or extended, a member of the service would

be qualified for substantive appointment. The three-Judge Bench observed that

the fact that a person is a probationer implies that he has to prove his worth and

suitability for the higher post in which he is officiating and if his work is not

found to be satisfactory, he is liable to be reverted to his original post even

without assigning any reason.

LPA 342/2010 Page 9 of 19
14. Thereafter, their Lordships referred to the decision in G.S. Ramaswamy

& Ors. (supra), another Constitution Bench decision which was considering a

case of promotion of Sub-Inspector of Police under Rule 486 of the Hyderabad

District Police Manual which provided that all officers who are promoted will

be on probation for a period of two years and they would be reverted at any

time during the aforesaid period if their work and conduct were not found to be

satisfactory or they were found unsuitable for the appointment to which they

had been promoted. The three-Judge Bench while discussing the ratio of the

Constitution Bench came to hold that the Constitution Bench had repelled the

contention and held that such a Rule does not contemplate automatic

confirmation after the probationary period of two years, as a promoted officer

can be confirmed under the Rules only if he has given satisfaction, which

conduct of giving satisfaction must be fulfilled before a promoted officer can

be confirmed under the Rules and the same obviously means that the authority

competent to confirm an officer must pass an order to the effect that the

probationer has given satisfaction.

15. After dealing with the ratio of the aforesaid two Constitution Benches,

their Lordships proceeded to deal with the view expressed in Akbar Ali Khan

(supra) wherein the Constitution Bench has held thus:

"The law on the point is now well settled. Where a person is
appointed as a probationer in any post and a period of
probation is specified, it does not follow that at the end of
the said specified period of probation he obtains
confirmation automatically even if no order is passed in
that behalf. Unless the terms of appointment clearly
indicate that confirmation would automatically follow at the
end of the specified period, or there is a specific service
rule to that effect, the expiration of the probationary period
does not necessarily lead to confirmation. At the end of the
LPA 342/2010 Page 10 of 19
period of probation an order confirming the officer is
required to be passed and if no such order is passed and he
is not reverted to his substantive post, the result merely is
that he continues in his post as a probationer. ...The terms
of appointment do not show that the appellant would be
automatically confirmed on the expiry of the first six months
of probation nor is any rule brought to our notice which has
the effect of confirming him in the post after six months of
probation. The position of the appellant, therefore, till the
abolition of the post on 4.11.1958, was that he continued to
be a probationer and has no right to the post. It, therefore,
follows that when the tenure of the post came to an end, he
was automatically reverted to his original post as an
Inspector on which he had the lien."

16. At this juncture, we may state with profit that in Satya Narayan Jhavar

(supra), their Lordships distinguished the decision in Dharam Singh (supra).

After noting Rule 6(3) of the relevant Rules and reproducing a passage from

the decision, their Lordships opined thus:

"19. From the aforesaid passage, it would be clear that as
Rule 6 did not require a person to pass any test or to fulfill
any other condition before confirmation, this Court was of
the view that upon the expiry of maximum period of
probation the probationer could be deemed to have been
confirmed which goes to show that if such provision would
have been there in the Rules, the conclusion might have
been otherwise."

17. Be it noted, the decision rendered in Wasim Beg (supra) was pressed

into service which has also been heavily relied upon by Mr. Khan in the case at

hand. While dealing with the ratio in the said case, their Lordships referred to

the relevant Rule relating to confirmation, which is as follows:

"Confirmation - An employee directly appointed or
promoted to any post in the Corporation shall be deemed to
have become a confirmed employee in that grade after he
has successfully completed the period of probation."

LPA 342/2010 Page 11 of 19
18. After referring to the said Rule, their Lordships referred to the facts and

eventually came to hold as follows:

"21. In the said case no maximum period of probation was
prescribed either by the letter of appointment or the rules.
The Rules laid down that an employee shall be deemed to
have become a confirmed employee after he has
successfully completed the period of probation. From the
affidavit filed by the Corporation as well as from the report
of the Managing Director, it was clear that the incumbent
was considered by the Board as having satisfactorily
completed his period of probation on 9.1.1979 i.e. before
expiry of one year period of probation and was considered
as a regular employee from 10.1.1979. From the affidavit
filed by the Corporation it was clear that the services of the
incumbent were satisfactory for the first few years and work
was very good and only thereafter his work deteriorated as
a result of which the Corporation suffered losses. Thus in
view of the stand taken that the incumbent had successfully
completed the period of probation, he was deemed to have
become a confirmed employee, as enumerated in the Rules
referred to above."

19. After distinguishing the said case, the three-Judge Bench referred to

Samsher Singh (supra), Municipal Corporation, Raipur v. Ashok Kumar

Misra, (1991) 3 SCC 325, Jai Kishan v. Commissioner of Police, 1995 Supp

(3) SCC 364, State of Punjab v. Baldev Singh Khosla, (1996) 9 SCC 190 and

Chief General Manager, State Bank of India v. Bijoy Kumar Mishra, (1997)

7 SCC 550 and expressed the view as follows:

"37. Ordinarily a deemed confirmation of a probationer
arises when the letter of appointment so stipulates or the
Rules governing service conditions so indicate. In the
absence of such term in the letter of appointment or in the
relevant Rules, it can be inferred on the basis of the
relevant Rules by implication, as was the case in Dharam
Singh (supra). But it cannot be said that merely because a
maximum period of probation has been provided in the
Service Rules, continuance of the probationer thereafter
would ipso facto must be held to be a deemed confirmation

LPA 342/2010 Page 12 of 19
which would certainly run contrary to the seven-Judge
Bench judgment of this Court in the case of Shamsher Singh
(supra) and the Constitution Bench decisions in the cases of
Sukhbans Singh (supra), G.S. Ramaswamy (supra) and
Akbar Ali Khan (supra).

20. In this context, it is apposite to refer to Commissioner of Police, Hubli

& Another v. R.S. More, AIR 2003 SC 983 wherein the Apex Court was

addressing itself to the question whether the continuance of the probationer on

the post beyond the probation period or extended period, as the case may be,

entitled him to have any claim to deemed confirmation in the absence of any

specific order passed by the competent authority to that effect. Their Lordships

referred to the decision in Satya Narayan Jhavar (supra) and held as follows:

"8. In our view, the case at hand falls under category 3. As
noticed, Sub-rule (2) of Rule 5 requires that a probationer
shall not be considered to have satisfactorily completed the
probation unless a specific order to that effect is passed. No
specific order having been passed by any authority,
certifying the satisfactory completion of probation period of
the respondent, has been brought to our notice. Mr. Hegde,
learned counsel, submitted that no order as contemplated
under Sub-rule (2) of Rule 5 has been passed by the
competent authority. Admittedly, the order discharging the
respondent, in exercise of powers under Rule 6, has been
passed after the extended period of probation was over. In
our view, however, that itself would not entitle the
respondent to have claimed deemed confirmation in
absence of the specific order to that effect. In service
jurisprudence, confirmation of service on a particular post
is preceded by satisfactory performance of the incumbent
unless service rules otherwise prescribe. In the instant case,
Sub-rule (2) of Rule 5 of the Rules provides that unless
there is a specific order that the probationer has
satisfactorily completed the period of probation, he shall
not be entitled to be deemed to have satisfactorily
completed the probation by reason of his being continued in
service beyond the extended period of probation. The High
Court has failed to consider this important aspect of the
matter, resulting in miscarriage of justice. In our view, the
High Court fell into error resulting in miscarriage of
justice."
LPA 342/2010 Page 13 of 19
21. Coming to the obtaining factual matrix, as has been stated earlier, the

learned counsel for the respondent has drawn inspiration from Section 8 of the

Act. On a reading of the said provision, we really perceive nothing therein

which would be of any aid or assistance to the learned counsel for the

respondent. The said provision deals with the procedure how an employee of a

recognized private school could be dismissed, removed or reduced in rank or

terminated from service. Sub-section (2) of Section 8 provides that subject to

any rule, no employee of a recognized private school shall be dismissed,

removed or reduced in rank nor shall his service be otherwise terminated

except with the prior approval of the director. Rule 105 of the Rules which

deals with probation clearly stipulates that every employee shall, on initial

appointment, be on probation for a period of one year which may be extended

by the appointing authority with the prior approval of the director and the

services of an employee may be terminated without notice during the period of

probation if the work and conduct of the employee during the said period is

not, in the opinion of the appointing authority, satisfactory. The second

proviso to Rule 105 raises a postulate that no termination of the service of an

employee on probation shall be made by a school, other than a minority school,

except with the previous approval of the director. Sub-rule (2) of Rule 105

which is relevant for the present purpose, we think it appropriate to reproduce

again:

if the language of sub-rule (2) of Rule 105 is properly appreciated, it would

clearly convey that after the expiry of the period of probation or extended

period of probation, there is deemed confirmation. On a scanning of the Rule,

it is manifest that the concept of deemed confirmation does not arise on two

counts, namely, there is no fixed period of probation and secondly, it is hedged

by the condition that the work and conduct of an employee during probation or

extended period of probation is satisfactory. Clause 3 of the letter of

appointment postulates that the appointment is on probation for one year and

afterwards, a confirmation letter would be issued subject to the suitability and

satisfactory service rendered by the respondent. Thus, the employee was also

made aware that the confirmation is not automatic but subject to the suitability

and satisfactory service rendered by her.

23. The reliance placed on by Mr. Khan on the decision in Wasim Beg

(supra) has been distinguished in Satya Narayan Javar (supra) because of the

position of Rule in this regard and the affidavit filed by the Corporation which

showed that the services of the incumbent were satisfactory for the first few

years and the work was very good. In that case, he was deemed to have

become a confirmed employee. It is apposite to note that the Rule which was

under consideration in Wasim Beg (supra) clearly stipulated that an employee

directly appointed or promoted to any post in the Corporation shall be deemed

to have become a confirmed employee in that grade after he has successfully

completed a period of probation. In the present case, the language employed in

LPA 342/2010 Page 15 of 19
the Rule is quite different. It does not use the words 'shall be deemed to have

become a confirmed employee'. That apart, a condition precedent is attached

to the effect that the work and conduct of an employee during the period of

probation has to be found to be satisfactory. Quite apart from that, in Wasim

Beg (supra), the Apex Court had held that his work was satisfactory for number

of years. In the case at hand, regard being had to the language employed and

keeping in view the decision rendered in Satya Narayan Javar (supra), we are

of the considered view that the employee could not be put in the compartment

of confirmed employee after the expiry of one year of probation and

accordingly, the finding recorded by the learned Single Judge on this score is

set aside. We may also proceed to state that the learned Single Judge has

opined that the services of a confirmed employee cannot be dispensed with in

violation of principles of natural justice. As we have not concurred with the

finding that the employee was a confirmed employee, the conclusion arrived at

as an inevitable corollary relating to the violation of the doctrine of natural

justice is also set aside, for there is no stigma attached to the order of

termination.

24. The next issue that emanates for consideration is whether the order of

termination is unsustainable as the condition incorporated in the letter of

appointment was not fulfilled. The learned counsel for the appellant submitted

that non-compliance of such a condition would not vitiate the order of

termination inasmuch as it is a curable irregularity. Mr. Khan, learned counsel

for the respondent, submitted with vehemence that the finding recorded by the

learned Single Judge to the effect that once the condition incorporated in the

LPA 342/2010 Page 16 of 19
letter of appointment is not satisfied while passing the order of termination, the

same has to pave the path of vitiation is absolutely impeccable. To appreciate

the said submission, it is apt to refer to the anatomy of Rule 105. The said

Rule clearly postulates that the services of an employee may be terminated

without notice during the period of probation if the work and conduct of the

employee during the said period is not, in the opinion of the appointing

authority, satisfactory. Thus, the Rule does not envisage any kind of issue of

notice. In this context, we may fruitfully refer to a two-Judge Bench decision

in Rakesh Kumar Singh v. Committee of Management, Rai Bareili, (1996) 8

SCC 595 wherein the Apex Court was considering Regulation 25 framed under

Section 16-G of the U.P. Intermediate Education Act, 1921 which stipulated

that the services of a temporary employee (other than a probationer) or of a

probationer during the terms of his probation may be terminated at any time by

giving him one month's notice or one month's pay in lieu thereof. In the said

case, neither one month's notice nor one month's pay in lieu thereof was given

to the appellant therein. The High Court of Allahabad interpreting Regulation

25 held that it is not a condition precedent to exercise the power under the

Regulation and even if one month's notice is not given or one month's pay is

not paid at the time of termination, that would not render the order of

termination invalid but would only make the employee entitled to one month's

salary. The High Court had placed reliance on the decision in Director of

Technical Education v. John Mohammad, 1975 All LR 8. Before the Apex

Court, reliance was placed on a Full Bench decision of the Allahabad High

Court in Managing Committee, Sohan Lal Higher Secondary School v. Sheo

Dutt Gupta, 1974 All LJ 465 to buttress the submission that if one month's
LPA 342/2010 Page 17 of 19
notice was neither given to the appellant nor was he paid one month's pay,

termination of his service ought to have been held as invalid. Their Lordships

took note of the decision in Senior Supdt., R.M.S. v. K.V. Gopinath, (1973) 3

SCC 867 wherein the Apex Court had interpreted Rule 5(1)(b) of the Central

Services (Temporary) Services Rules, 1965 and the earlier decision in State of

U.P. v. Dinanath Rai, 1969 SLR 646 (SC) and thereafter expressed the view as

follows:

"9. Thus the consistent view of the Court is that where the
rule permits giving of pay in lieu of the notice of
termination and does not further provide as to when the
payment is to be made, it only entitles the employee to pay
for the period of the notice and payment of notice pay
cannot be regarded as a condition precedent to the valid
termination of service. But where the rule provides even by
implication that payment to the employee of whatever is due
to him should be simultaneous with termination of his
service then fulfillment of that requirement has to be
regarded as a condition precedent to the valid termination.
In view of the words "terminated forthwith by payment" in
the proviso to Rule 5(1)(b) this Court held that payment was
intended simultaneously with termination and that was
pointed out as the essential difference between Rule 5(1)(b)
with which it was concerned in Gopinath case and the rule
which was considered in Dinanath case.

10. A bare reading of Regulation 25 indicates that it is more
similar to the rule which fell for consideration in Dinanath
case. It gives an option to the management either to give
one month's notice or one month's pay in lieu thereof. It
does not provide for the mode or time for payment. Thus the
rule only entitles the temporary employee or the
probationer to pay for the period of notice. As we are of the
view that Regulation 25 does not provide payment of one
month's pay in lieu of notice as a condition precedent to the
effective termination of service, the High Court was right in
setting aside the order of the Deputy Director who had
taken a contrary view. The view taken by the High Court is
correct and, therefore, this appeal is dismissed."

LPA 342/2010 Page 18 of 19
25. Tested on the touchstone of the aforesaid enunciation of law, there can

be no trace of doubt that the condition incorporated in the letter of appointment

is not a condition precedent. Quite apart from that, the Rule is silent on the

said score. On the contrary, the Rule empowers the employer to terminate the

services of a probationer at any time when his work is not found satisfactory.

Thus, the conclusion arrived at by the learned Single Judge is not tenable as he

has treated the said condition as a condition precedent and accordingly, we are

unable to concur with the said view.

26. In view of our preceding analysis, we are of the considered view that the

appeal deserves to be allowed and, accordingly, it is so ordered and as an

inevitable corollary, the order passed by the learned Single Judge is set aside.

In the facts and circumstances of the case, there shall be no order as to costs.

CHIEF JUSTICE

MANMOHAN, J.

AUGUST 16, 2010 pk/dk LPA 342/2010 Page 19 of 19

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