Supreme Court of India
Sri Thimmaiah vs Shabira And Ors on 6 February, 2008
Equivalent citations: AIR 2008 SUPREME COURT 1275, 2008 AIR SCW 1310, 2008 (2) AIR KANT HCR 432, 2008 (2) SRJ 583, (2008) 2 ALLMR 790 (SC), (2008) 1 CLR 450 (SC), 2008 (2) HRR 1, (2008) 63 ALLINDCAS 18 (SC), 2008 (2) ALL MR 790, 2008 (1) CLR 450, 2008 (2) SCALE 252, 2008 (4) SCC 182, (2008) 1 ALL RENTCAS 740, (2008) 1 GUJ LH 541, (2008) 1 WLC(SC)CVL 515, (2008) 2 ALL WC 1942, (2008) 2 CIVILCOURTC 277, (2008) 3 KANT LJ 296, (2008) 5 MAD LJ 479, (2008) 2 MAD LW 488, (2008) 4 MAH LJ 577, (2008) 2 PUN LR 65, (2008) 1 RENCR 252, (2008) 1 RECCIVR 915, (2008) 2 ICC 691, (2008) 2 SCALE 252, (2008) 70 ALL LR 774, (2008) 2 ANDH LT 41, (2008) 3 CAL HN 166
Author: Arijit Pasayat
Bench: Arijit Pasayat, P. Sathasivam
CASE NO.: Appeal (civil) 831 of 2002 PETITIONER: Sri Thimmaiah RESPONDENT: Shabira and Ors DATE OF JUDGMENT: 06/02/2008 BENCH: Dr. ARIJIT PASAYAT & P. SATHASIVAM JUDGMENT:
J U D G M E N T CIVIL APPEAL NO. 831 OF 2002 Dr. ARIJIT PASAYAT, J.
1. Heard learned counsel for the parties.
2. Challenge in this appeal is to the judgment of a learned Single Judge of the Karnataka High court allowing the First Appeal filed by the respondents under Section 96 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (in short the 'CPC').
3. The factual background needs to be noted in brief:
The appeal before the High Court was by the plaintiffs who are respondents in the present appeal.
The plaintiffs 1 and 2 are the wife and husband. According to the plaintiffs, the Ist plaintiff purchased site no.43 in survey No.37 of Avalahalli Village, Bangalore South Taluk, measuring East to West 45' and North to South 30' and bounded on East by 5th Main Road, on the West by Site No.46, on the North by Site No.42 and on the South by Site No.44. According to them, the 2nd defendant (respondent No.3 herein) sold the property as power of attorney holder of one Narayana Rao in favour of the Ist plaintiff under a registered sale deed dated 7.6.1984. At the time of purchase, a temporary structure was there on the property and with an intention to construct a new building, they pulled down the temporary structure. When the plaintiffs started demolishing the said structure, the Ist defendant (appellant herein) made an attempt to interfere with the peaceful possession and enjoyment of the property and that under the guise of purchasing of a site No.42, the Ist defendant also made an attempt to encroach on the plaintiffs property. Therefore, the plaintiffs filed a suit for judgment and decree for permanent injunction to restrain the defendants from interfering with the peaceful possession and enjoyment of the property.
The Ist defendant filed the written statement contending that he has purchased the property from one Nagaraja who is the 3rd defendant and that the Ist defendant is in possession of site No.42 which is measuring 45' x 60'. Therefore, he requested to dismiss the suit of the plaintiffs.
The 2nd defendant has supported the case of the plaintiffs. The 3rd defendant has not filed any written statement. According to the Ist defendant the 3rd defendant is the owner of the property. Based on the above pleadings the trial Court framed the following issues:-
(i) Whether the plaintiff is in lawful possession of the plaint schedule property on the date of filing the suit?
(ii) Whether the illegal interference is proved?
(iii) Whether the plaintiff is entitled to permanent injunction as prayed?"
The 2nd plaintiff has been examined as PW-1. The 2nd defendant-vendor of the Ist plaintiff has been examined as PW- 2 and got marked Ex.P-1 to P-14. On behalf of the defendants, the Ist defendant has been examined as DW-1. After appreciating the oral and documentary evidence the trial Court dismissed the suit of the plaintiffs. Against the said judgment and decree, the First Appeal is filed by the plaintiffs.
It is to be noted that the High Court formulated the following point for determination in appeal:
"Whether the Ist plaintiff proved that the 2nd defendant had the power to alienate site No.43 in her favour, and if so, is she entitled for a decree in her favour?"
The High Court allowed the appeal holding that plaintiff No.1 had proved her case in respect of Site No.43 in view of Exs. P-1 and P-2. Adverse inference was drawn because the defendant No.1 failed to produce the power of Attorney executed by Narayana Rao in favour of 3rd defendant.
4. In support of the appeal, though many points were urged, the primary stand was that in a suit for permanent injunction, the foundational fact which had to be established was possession. In the instant case, the trial Court while answering Issue Nos.1 and 3 categorically held that the plaintiffs had failed to prove their possession. There is no finding recorded by the High Court regarding possession and even while formulating the point for determination the question of possession was not considered.
5. Per contra, learned counsel for the respondents submitted that the parties proceeded on the basis of title and since the trial Court recorded findings regarding possession which are contrary to the materials on record, the High Court has rightly allowed the appeal.
5. Undisputedly, the suit was one for permanent injunction and in such a suit the plaintiff has to establish that he is in possession in order to be entitled to a decree for permanent injunction. The general proposition is well settled that a plaintiff not in possession is not entitled to the relief without claiming recovery of possession. Before an injunction can be granted it has to be shown that the plaintiff was in possession.
6. In the instant case, Issues Nos. 1 and 3 which were framed on 1.10.1988 clearly refer to this vital aspect. The trial Court while answering the aforesaid issues held in the negative. Unfortunately, the High Court did not consider the effect of these findings and even did not record any finding regarding possession. Therefore, as rightly contended by learned counsel for the appellant, the High Court could not have allowed the appeal. As noted above, even while formulating the point for determination, the High Court did not formulate the question relating to possession.
7. In the aforesaid circumstances, we set aside the impugned judgment of the High Court and remit the matter to the High Court to formulate a definite point relating to possession and then analyse the evidence on record with reference to that question and decide the appeal.
8. Since the matter is pending since long, the High Court is requested to dispose of the appeal as early as practicable preferably by the end of August, 2008.
9. The appeal is allowed to the aforesaid extent without any order as to costs.