Tripura High Court
Martuja Uddin Choudhury @ Martuja ... vs The State Of Tripura on 16 March, 2022
Bench: T. Amarnath Goud, Arindam Lodh
Page 1 of 14
HIGH COURT OF TRIPURA
A_G_A_R_T_A_L_A
Crl.A(J). No. 37 of 2020
1. Martuja Uddin Choudhury @ Martuja Ahamed Choudhury, son of
late Abdul Sattar Choudhury, resident of Baghan, Ward No.3, P.S.
Churaibari, District: North Tripura.
2. Anowar Hussain Choudhury, son of late Farid Uddin Choudhury,
resident of Baghan, P.S. Churaibari, District: North Tripura.
.....Appellants
-V E R S U S-
1. The State of Tripura.
..... Respondent.
B_E_F_O_R_E HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE T. AMARNATH GOUD HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE ARINDAM LODH For Appellant(s) : Mr. D. K. Deb, Advocate.
For Respondent(s) : Mr. Ratan Datta, P.P.
Date of hearing & delivery of
judgment and order : 16.03.2022
Whether fit for reporting : YES/NO
JUDGMENT & ORDER [ORAL]
[T. Amarnath Goud, J]
Heard Mr. D. K. Deb, learned counsel appearing for the
appellants and Mr. R. Datta, learned Public Prosecutor appearing for the State of Tripura-respondent.
[2] This criminal appeal under Section- 374(2) of the Code of Criminal Procedure is directed against the judgment and order of conviction and sentence dated 16.11.2019 & 18.11.2019 respectively, passed by the learned Sessions Judge, North Tripura, Dharmanagar, in Case No. S.T.(Type-
1) 25 of 2015, whereby and whereunder, the appellants have been convicted to undergo imprisonment for life for committing offence under Section-302 of Page 2 of 14 IPC read with Section-34 of IPC and to pay a fine of Rs.10,000/- [ten thousand] each.
[3] The prosecution story, in brief, is that on 14.09.2014, one Mst. Anowara Begam (PW-5) wife of late Ala Uddin of Baghan, P.S. Bazaricherra, District-Karimganj, Assam lodged an ejahar with the Officer-in-Charge of Churaibari police station to the effect that on 13.09.2014 at about 2100 hours, her son, Amirul Islam went out form home riding on his motor bike to go to Kadamtala, but, while he reached at Baghan village in front of the house of accused Mortuja Ahmed Choudhury, the accused-appellant, Kabir Uddin, Khayrul Hussain, Jabir Hussain, Jashim Udin and Jamal Uddin wrongfully restrained him by blocking the road with tree of betel nut and they assaulted him with a piece of wood for which he received grievous bleeding injuries. It is also stated that the accused-persons also assaulted Anowar Hussain who was also accompanied with Amirul Islam and both of them were shifted to Dhamanagar Hospital and thereafter, both of them were taken to Silchar Medical College & Hospital. Considering the critical condition of the son of the complainant, he was referred TO Guwahati but, on the way at Jorabat, Meghalaya, her son succumbed to the injuries.
[4] On receipt of the same, police registered a criminal case against the appellants and others, vide Churaibari P.S. Case No.2014 CRB 033 for commission of offences punishable under Sections-341/323/302/34 of IPC and started investigation. On completion of the investigation, police submitted the charge-sheet against (i) Martuja Uddin Choudhury (ii) Md. Jamal Uddin (iii) Md. Kabir Uddin Choudhury (iv) Anwar Hussain Choudhury (v) Khayrul Hussain @ Choudhury (vi) Jabir Hssain and (vii) Jasim Uddin @ Atai Choudhury for the commission of offences punisjable under Sections- 341/323/302/34 of IPC.
[5] On receipt of the charge-sheet, learned Magistrate took cognizance and committed the case for trial before the learned Sessions Judge, North Tripura, Dharmanagar and the case was registered and marked as S.T. (T-1) 25 of 2015. It is further stated that charge was framed against all the Page 3 of 14 accused persons named above under Sections-341/323/302 of IPC read with Section-34 of IPC to which the accused-persons pleaded not guilty and claimed to be tried.
[6] To prove the case, prosecution has examined as many as 12 witnesses and exhibited some documents [Exbts.1 to 17 and Exbt.A] as well as some material objects. After closure of the prosecution evidence, the accused- appellants were examined under Section-313 of Cr. P.C. with reference to the incriminating circumstances which were elicited from the evidence on record and the incriminating evidence were read over and explained to he accused- persons in Bengali in open Court to which they denied the truth of the prosecution evidence claiming themselves to be innocent and deined to adduce any witness on their behalf.
[7] After hearing of both the parties, the learned Sessions Judge, North Tripura, Dharmanagar vide impugned judgment dated 16.11.2019, convicted all the accused-persons including the appellants for committing offences, punishable under Section-302 of IPC read with Section-34 of IPC vide order dated 18.11.2019 thus:
"Accused persons namely, Anowar Hussain Choudhury, Martuja Uddin Choudhury, Jabir Hussain Choudhury, Kabir Uddin Choudhury, Khairul Hssain Choudhury and Jashhim Uddin Choudhury are found guilty for the commission of offence punishable under Section-302 read with Section-34 of Indian Penal Code and accordingly they are convicted for the commission of said offence. Accused persons are taken into custody. Their sureties except the sureties as per provision of section 437A of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 are liberated from their suretyship. The sentence will be passed after hearing the convicts on the point of sentence. In the mean time the convicts will remain in segregation in jail custody till 18.11.2019."
[8] Being aggrieved and dissatisfied with the impugned judgment and order conviction and sentence dated 16.11.2019 and 18.11.2019 respectively, the appellants have preferred this present appeal.
[9] Mr. Deb, learned counsel appearing for the appellants to substantiate his case has submitted that the court below committed serious error in law and facts in passing the impugned judgment of conviction and Page 4 of 14 sentence. He has submitted that the learned Court below did not give any findings on to the ingredients of Section-302 read with Section-34 of ICP and hence, the impugned judgment and order is liable to be set aside.
[10] He has contended that the Court below failed to appreciate the contradictions of the evidences of prosecution witnesses and the conspectus of the evidence on record and the findings of the learned Court below, it transpires that the statements of the prosecution witnesses are contradictory to each other and it is also found that all the prosecution witnesses are tutored and made untrue statements. Hence, convictions of the appellants are bad in law and thus, liable to be set aside. Mr. Deb, has contended that the court below failed to appreciate the version of the alleged victim as well as the persons who brought them to hospital. All of them said to be medical officer that they sustained injury due to road traffic accident but ignoring the same, the trial Court has passed the impugned judgment against the appellants.
[11] It has been further averred that the injury report of the victims, where it is specifically stated that they sustained injury due to RTA. The prosecution die not examine the material witnesses. In the instant case there was no independent witness and the conviction was based only on the basis of all interested witnesses and hence, the judgment of conviction needs to be interfered with by this Hon'ble Court.
[12] In view of above observations and the submission made by the learned counsel for the parties, to come to a definite conclusion, let us discuss the evidence once again. From the evidence of PW-1 it reveals that the incident took place on 13.09.2014 at about 9.00pm at Baghan infront of the house of Mortuja Uddin Ahmed and on that date and time he along with Amirul Hussain and one Babul Nath were returning from Kathaltali, Assam through Baghan Dobhag Fari road by riding motor bike and after reaching near the house of Mortuja Uddin Ahmed, Martuja Uddin and 3/4 others gave signal to them to stop and they stopped their motor bike. It reveals from the evidence of PW-1 that Martuja Uddin Ahmed demanded money saying that they used to deal with illegal business like smuggling and on rejection on the same a hot Page 5 of 14 altercation took place and suddenly Martuja Uddin asked his associates to attack them and immediately Martuja Uddin gave a blow on the head of Amirul Islam by means of a piece of wood and then all of them fell down from the motor bike and the other associates, namely, Khairul Hussain, Jamal Hussain and One Anuwar and there were two other persons namely, Kabir and Jashim who did not participate in the offence.
[13] It further reveals that he was assaulted by Jamal by means of lathi and Khairul, Jamal Anwar and Martuja collectively assaulted Babul Nath and Martuja caused multiple head injuries at the head of Amirul and Amirul sustained bleeding injuries. After screaming local people came but they were threatened by the accused persons not to help them. Thereafter, Babul Uddin came and telephoned Joyrul Islam, the brother of Amirul and Joyrul came with a Maruti Van and which the help of Maruti Van PW-1 and Amirul were taken to Kadamtala PHC and Babul Nath after receiving injury escaped from the place and from Kadamtala PHC Amirul was referred to Dharmanagar Hospital he was also referred to Silchar but he was being taken to Guwahati and on the way Amirul expired and PW-1 was released from Kadamtala PHC after treatment.
[14] It furthermore reveals from the evidence of PW 1 that he identified accused persons namely Martuja, Khairul, Anwar, Kabir and Jashim in the court. It further reveals from the evidence of PW 1 that police took him to the place of occurrence i.e. infront of the house of Martuja Uddin and seized one piece of betel nut tree about 4 cubits and 2/ 3 pieces of branch of tree about 2 cubits in presence of him and others under a proper seizure list.
[15] From the evidence of PW 6 (Joyrul Islam) it reveals that on 13.09.2014 the incident took place at about 09.00 pm to 09.15 pm at Baghan infront of the house of Martuja Uddin Choudhury and at that time he was at his house at Kathaltali, Assam and his mother received one mobile call from his brother Amirul Islam and his mother being old fellow used to attend mobile in loud speaker mode and he was near his mother and he also heard on the mobile that Amirul Islam was informing his mother that while he was proceeding Page 6 of 14 towards Premtala for dropping Anowar Hussain by his motor bike on Baghan road near the house of Mortuja Uddin, said Mortuja Uddin, Jashim Uddin, Khairul Islam, Jamal Uddin and another Anowar Hossain and Kabir Uddin stopped their motor bike by obstructing the road and they demanded money from Amirul and when Amirul refused to give any money, Martuja suddenly strike out a blow with a piece of wood on the forehead of Amirul as a result he fell down from the motor bike and thereafter Mortuja Uddin, Kabir Uddin, Khairul Islam, Jashim Uddin, another Anowar Hossain and Jamal Uddin started assaulting Amirul Islam and his pillion rider Anowar Hussain @ Aku and hearing the incident he snatched the mobile from his mother and then Amirul also disclosed the same facts to him.
[16] It further reveals from the evidence of PW 6 that both Amirul Islam and Anowar Hossain @ Aku stated to him that at the time of incident one Babul Nath also accompanied with them boarding on their motor bike from Kathaltali Bazar and near the house of Martuja Uddin Choudhury seeing the piece of betel nut tree lying across the road they stopped the motor bike and then Martuja Uddin and other accused persons came and demanded money from them saying that it was a village road so if anybody wants to pass through the road then money should be paid to the accused persons and when they refused they were assaulted by all of them. PW 6 that Amirul Islam was in precarious condition and thereby he was referred to Dharmanagar Hospital and Anowar Hossain @ Aku was released after giving first aid and when they went to the place of occurrence they did not find Babul Nath and thereafter they shifted his injured brother to Dharmanagar Hospital and he was referred to Agartala but they took Amirul Islam to Silchar and in the early morning they reached at Silchar and from Silchar Amirul Islam was referred to Guwahati and on the way to Guwahati when they reached at Jorabhat, his brother Amirul Islam succumbed to the injuries.
[17] It is evident from the evidence of PW 6 that they returned from Silchar on 15.09.2014 to their house and the dead body of Amirul Islam was cremated in their house at Kathaltali and in the mean time his mother already lodged complaint with Churaibari Police Station against the accused persons Page 7 of 14 and he also stated that he knows the accused persons as he had regular visit at Baghan and he identified accused persons namely Mortuja Uddin, Kabir Uddin and Jashim Uddin in the court.
[18] From the evidence of PW 4 (Forij Uddin) it reveals that incident took place on 13.09.2014 near the house of Martuja Uddin Choudhury and at that time he was proceeding toward his house from Kadamtala market with his motor bike Joyrul Islam, one of his nephew, crossed with an Alto Car and informed him that near the house of Martuja Uddin, Amirul Islam was assaulted and he was lying on the road. Thereafter, PW 4 boarded in the vehicle and within 2/ 3 minutes reached there and saw Anowar Hussain and Amirul Islam and they were conscious at the material time and then he also arranged for removal of them by their vehicle and simultaneously he inquired them about the incident and both of them informed that Amirul, Anowar and one Babul Nath were coming from Kathaltali, Assam with a motor bike and when they reached at Baghan in front of the house of Martuja Uddin Choudhury they found that a piece of betel nut plant was lying on the road obstructing the way and accordingly they were compelled to slow down the motor bike and the motor bike was driven by Amirul Islam and then Martuja Uddin Choudhury along with Anowar Hussain, Khairul Hussain, Jabir Hussain, Jashim Uddin, Kabir Uddin and Jamal Uddin came there and demanded money to which Amirul Islam refused and then Martuja Uddin Choudhury caused hurt to Amirul Islam with a piece of wood and they also reported that thereafter Martuja and his associates caused hurt to Anowar Hussain and Babul Nath who accompanied Amirul Islam.
[19] It also reveals that on the spot the motor bike of Amirul Islam lying on the road but he did not find Babul Nath. Thereafter, they took Amirul Islam and Anowar Hussain to Kadamtala Hospital. PW 4 further deposed that to the Medical Officer of Kadamtala Hospital that it was a case of accident to complete the treatment first and as Amirul Islam was an inhabitant of State of Assam so PW 4 was afraid of police case concealed the real truth about the incident.
Page 8 of 14[20] Amirul Islam was referred to Dharmanagar Hospital and Medical Officer of Dharmanagar Hospital opined that an immediate operation was required and then they took Amirul Islam to Silchar Medical College & Hospital at Ghungur and on the following morning they reached at Silchar Medical College & Hospital at Ghungur but seeing the condition of the patient doctor of Silchar Medical College & Hospital referred him to Guwahati and they started for Guwahati at about 07.00 am and while they reached in a place at Jorabhat area of Meghalaya, Amirul Islam was succumbed to his injuries.
[21] From the evidence of PW 5 (Mst. Anowara Begam) it reveals that she got information of the incident about 3 years back from the date she deposed before this court at about 09.00 pm while she was at her house at Baghan, Kathaltali under Bazaricherra PS in the State of Assam and at that time her son Joyrul Islam was also at the house and the information regarding the incident was received through mobile and her son, Amirul Islam over mobile phone after receiving injuries informed that near Baghan in front of the house of Mortuja, said Mortuja and his associates assaulted Amirul Islam and with that information her son, Joyrul Islam went out with their vehicle but she did not accompany Joyrul.
[22] From the evidence of PW 10 (Almas Hussain) it reveals that on 14.09.2014 basing on facts supplied by Anowara Begam he scribed one Ejhar regarding death of her son Amirul Islam and she made six persons liable and accordingly he scribed and mentioned the name of the accused persons and the Ejhar bears his signature and he also obtained the Right Thumb Impression of the informant on the Ejhar.
[23] From the evidence of PW 3 (Dr. Mriganka Dutta Biswas) it reveals that on 14.09.2014 he being a Medical Officer of Kadamtala PHC at about 12.15 am examined one patient namely Amirul Islam with a history of head injury following road traffic accident and on examination of the patient he could find one injury on right parietal region measuring 3cm X 3cm X full scalp thickness and it was found fresh in nature and the time of injury was within six hours and in his opinion the injury was caused by blunt weapon and Page 9 of 14 there was also history of vomiting and also in his opinion the injury was caused due to assault as the injury sustained by the patient did not match with the history of RTA as given by the patient.
[24] From the evidence of PW 7 (Dr. Subrata Biswas) it reveals that on 14.09.2014 he was posted as Medical Officer at Dharmanagar District Hospital and on that date he attended one patient namely Amirul Islam, son of late Ala Uddin aged about 20 years as a referred case from Kadamtala PHC and on examination he found one hematoma in occipital region which was measuring 2 cm X 1 cm with an history of non contact accordingly CT scan was done and that indicated subdural hematoma and the condition of the patient was serious, so the patient was referred to AGMC, Agartala and regarding that he submitted his report on 24102014 with his signature.
[25] It reveals from the evidence of PW 8 (Sri Debdas Deb) that as per post-mortem examination report cause of death was due to coma as a result of injury sustained on the head of the deceased and all the injuries were antemortem in nature, inflicted by blunt trauma and that was homicidal in nature and the post-mortem examination was conducted by Dr. Gunajit Das, MD, Associate Professor and I/C Deptt. Of Forensic Medicine, Silchar Medical College & Hospital and Dr. Jayanta Talukdar, Deptt. Of Forensic Medicine, Silchar Medical College & Hospital.
[26] From the evidence of PW 11 (Dr. Gunajit Das) it transpires that being an Associate Professor of the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology he carried out the post-mortem examination of one Amirul Islam, aged about 21 years, male, Muslim, son of late Ala Uddin of P.S. Bazaricherra of Karimganj, Assam on being produced and identified by Constable, Ali Ahmed Barbhuiya in connection with Ghungur Police Out Post GD entry No. 364 dated 15.09.2014 being accompanied with his PG Student, Dr. Jayanta Talukdar and the deceased was found wearing a half pant, body built was average, complexion was dark brown, bandage was present over the head and forehead, blood stain present over the back and around the face, body was cold on touch and rigor mortis was present all over the body and scrotum and anus Page 10 of 14 was found healthy and the following injures were found over the body in external parts:
(i) Stitched wound over the scalp in right parietal region of measuring 3 cm and on removal of stitches the margins were found abraded and contused and depth is up to skull.
(ii) Scalp on reflection was found contused with hematoma formation all over.
(iii) Fissured fracture of the skull over the vertex involving both parietal bone extending up to right temporal bone on right side and coronal suture (suture means lining of different bones exact attachment of each other) on left.
(iv) Extradural hematoma over the right Temporal lobe of measuring 6 X 4 X 3 cm. Compressing underlining brain.
(vi) In the cranium scalp and skull as described in the injuries."
[27] Membrane as described brain found congested. Rest of the parts of the body found healthy and after examination he opined that the cause of death was due to coma resulting from the injuries sustained on the head and all injuries were antemortem, inflicted by blunt objects and homicidal in nature and approximate time since death was 12 to 24 hours since the time of examination and he submitted the report. From the evidence of PW 9 (Dr. Saptam Bhattacharjee) it reveals that on 15.09.2014 he examined one Babul Nath with an history of Trauma on anterior chest wall and he issued one prescription and he prescribed one pain killer with muscle relaxation, one antacid cum pandid 40, one steroid with inflammation and one medicine to stop bleeding and so the prescribing of medicine suggested that there was bleeding.
[28] It also reveals from the evidence of PW 12 that on the following day of the registration of the case he visited the place of occurrence and prepared hand sketch map with separate index and he also seized one piece of betel nut tree and one piece of Balli (wooden file) in presence of witnesses under a proper seizure list and he also examined available witnesses recorded their statement u/s. 161 of Cr.PC and he also on the very day he also arrested accused Anwar Hussain Choudhury, Md. Jamal Uddin, basing on the prima facie evidence and on 16.09.2014 he arrested accused Kabir Uddin Choudhury and Mortuja Uddin Choudhury @ Mortuja Ahmed, and on 28.09.2014 he also seized one Bajaj Discover red in colour bearing no. TR02-A-7259, its relevant Page 11 of 14 document including insurance policy and driving license of Amirul Islam and he also seized medical prescriptions and other papers from the possession of Babul Nath who was allegedly victim of the alleged incident.
[29] But it is very much clear from the evidence of PW 1( Anwar Hussain @ Aku), who is also the victim of this case and an eye witness of the occurrence, that Martuja Uddin strike out a blow on the head of Amirul Hussain by means of a piece of wood and then all of them fell down from the motor bike and the other associates were Khairul Hussain, Jamal Hussain and one Anuwar and there were two other persons namely Kabir and Jashim. It further transpires from the evidence of PW 6 (Joyrul Islam) that he and PW 4 (Forij Uddin) shifted all the injuried to Kadamtala PHC by their vehicle and then they disclosed to the Medical Officer that they sustained injuries in an accident and they made false statement to the Medical Officer as they were inhabitant of Assam and so they did not want to disclose everything in the PHC.
[30] It is very much natural that as the victims Amirul Islam and Anwar Hussain were in injured condition they first wanted their treatment and if they informed that it was a case of assault then it required time for getting treatment of the victims. Moreover as the victim party were inhabitant of another State they also avoided the action of police of other State as it also requires time. Moreover it is also very much clear from the evidence of PW 3 (Dr. Mriganka Dutta Biswas) who examined Amirul Islam after examination opined that the injury was caused due to assault as the injury sustained by the patient did not match with the history of Road Traffic Accident as given by the patient.
[31] From the evidence of PW 1 (Anowar Hussain) it is clear that Martuja Uddin Ahmed demanded money from them and on refusal Martuja asked his associates to attack PW 1 and his companions. It also reveals from the evidence of PW 1 that after getting injuries when they raised alarm then local people came but they were also threatened by the accused persons not to help the victim. So, the persons who were present before the local people came Page 12 of 14 at the spot were belonging from the group of accused persons with the same intention of collecting money from the victims. Thus, it is clear that though Kabir and Jashim did not participate in the offence but they belonged to the same group of Martuja Uddin Choudhury.
[32] Thus, it is clear that accused Kabir and Jashim were also in that group with the intention of committing the offence as they were present at the time of demanding money from the victims in denial of which the incident happened. So, their intention was very much clear with regard to their participation in the commission of offence and their liability in this case would be of the same as per provision of section 34 of the Indian Penal Code.
[33] Thus, in the instant case the PW 1 (Anowar Hussain) one of the victim and an eye witness clearly stated that Martuja Uddin Ahmed demanded money from them and on refusal Martuja asked his associates to attack PW 1 and his companions and Martuja Uddin strike out a blow at the head of Amirul Hussain by means of a piece of wood and then all of them fell down from the motor bike and the other associates were Khairul Hussain, Jamal Hussain and one Anuwar and there were two other persons namely Kabir and Jashim who did not participate in the offence and PW 4 (Forij Uddin) also stated that while they reached at the spot they found Amirul Islam and Anowar Hussain were conscious and both of them reported that Martuja Uddin Choudhury along with Anowar Hussain, Khairul Hussain, Jabir Hussain, Jashim Uddin, Kabir Uddin and Jamal Uddin came and demanded money to which Amirul Islam refused and then Martuja Uddin Choudhury caused hurt to Amirul Islam with a piece of wood and they also reported that thereafter Martuja and his associates caused hurt to Anowar Hussain and Babul Nath who accompanied Amirul Islam.
[34] It is quite natural that a person who was beating by a group of persons and received injuries could recollect the names of each and every accused persons with detail even after a long time. So, the participation of Martuja Uddin along with his associates in demanding money from Amirul Islam, Anowar Hussain and Babul Nath are also very much clear.
Page 13 of 14[35] Moreover, either from the evidence of the witnesses as discussed above or from the evidence which were elicited from the cross-examination of the witnesses it is crystal clear that the accused persons and the deceased besides other injured persons had any previous rivalry on any affairs. There is also no contrary evidence to show that the accused persons were falsely implicated by the complainant as the deceased and the complainant were the inhabitant of neighbouring State i.e. Assam and the accused persons are the resident of Kadamtala and Churaibari under the North Tripura District.
[36] This Court is aware of the fact that on earlier occasion accused persons, namely, Jabir Hussain Choudhury, Kabir Uddin Choudhury and Jashim Uddin Choudhury @ Atai Choudhury who were also convicted along with the present appellants, they filed Crl. A(J) No. 01 of 2020. This Court allowed that appeal vide order dated 23.02.2022 and they were acquitted from the charge levelled against them since there were no specific overt acts or allegations against them established by the eye witness and moreover, they did not participate in the alleged offence.
[37] This Court has given its conscious thought over the submissions made by the learned counsel appearing for the parties and also perused the relevant evidence on record. In our ultimate analysis and having regard to the evidences on record, it is crystal clear that there is no reason as to why the continuity of the chain of evidences and the complaint made against the present accused-appellants to be disbelieved. All the witnesses supported the entire case with regard to the commission of offence by the accused-appellants. Hence, the conviction and sentence as held by the learned Sessions Judge, North Tripura, Dharmanagar, in connection with S.T. (Type-1) 25 of 2015 against the present accused- appellants, stands affirmed.
[38] For the reasons stated above, we do not find any infirmity in the findings arrived at by the learned Sessions Judge while convicting and sentencing the present accused-appellants. Accordingly, the Page 14 of 14 judgment and order of conviction and sentence as declared by learned Sessions Judge is affirmed and upheld and thus, the present appeal preferred by the present convict-appellants shall stand dismissed. As a sequel, miscellaneous applications pending, if any, shall stand closed. Send down the LCRs forthwith.
JUDGE JUDGE A.Ghosh