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[Cites 14, Cited by 112]

Madras High Court

Y.Sreelatha @ Roja vs Mukanchand Bothra on 25 January, 2002

Author: M. Karpagavinayagam

Bench: M. Karpagavinayagam

       

  

  

 
 
                 IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS

                        Dated:  25-1-2002

                                Coram:

        THE HONOURABLE MR.  JUSTICE M.  KARPAGAVINAYAGAM

 CRIMINAL APPEAL No.261 of 2000 and CRL.R.C. No.736 of 1999 and Crl.M.P.No.6440 of 2000
                ---

        Y.Sreelatha @ Roja                      .. Appellant in C.A.
                                                   261/2000 & Respt. in
                                                   Crl.R.C.736/1999.
                                Vs.

        Mukanchand Bothra                       .. Respondent in C.A.
                                                   261/2000 & petitioner
					           in Crl.R.C.736/1999.


                Criminal Appeal preferred  by  the  accused  against  the
        judgment  dated  8.6.1999  on  the  file  of  the XV Metropolitan
        Magistrate, Chennai.    Criminal Revision case preferred  by  the
        complainant  against  the  judgment dated 8.6.1999 on the file of
        the XV Metropolitan Magistrate, Chennai.

!        For Appellant : Mr.Vibhishman in CA261/2001
                        & Respondent in Crl.R.C.736/1999

        For Respondent:  Mr.K.Doraisami,S.C.
                        in CA261/2001 & For Mr.K.Selvaraj.
                        in CA261/2001 & For Mr.K.Selvaraj.
                        Petitioner in           Crl.R.C.736/1999
                        Petitioner in           Crl.R.C.736/1999


                                                ---
                                                ---






:                        COMMON JUDGMENT


                Y.Sreelatha  @  Roja was convicted by the trial Court for
        the offence under Section 138 of the Negotiable  Instruments  Act
        and  sentenced  to  undergo  imprisonment  till the rising of the
        Court and to pay a fine of Rs.5,000/-, in default to undergo S.I.
        for two months.  Challenging the said  conviction  and  sentence,
        the  accused filed an appeal before the Principal Sessions Court,
        Chennai and the same was admitted on 3 .8.1999.

                2.  Mukanchand Bothra, the  complainant,  aggrieved  over
        the  inadequacy  of  the  sentence,  filed a revision before this
        Court in Crl.R.C.No.73 6 of 1999 and the same  was  admitted  and
        notice was ordered on 23.7.19 99.

                3.   On  the application filed by the parties before this
        Court, the appeal against conviction pending before the Principal
        Sessions Court, Chennai, was directed to be  posted  before  this
        Court   for   being   heard   along  with  Crl.R.C.736  of  1999.
        Accordingly, the said appeal papers were received by the Registry
        of this Court a nd the same was renumbered as C.A.No.261 of 2000.
        Since both these matters are taken together for  final  disposal,
        they are being disposed of through this common judgment.

                4.  The facts of the case in short are these:-

                "(a)  V.Sreelatha @ Roja, the accused, borrowed a loan of
        Rs.5 lakhs from Mukanchand Bothra, the complainant, and  executed
        a promissory  note  on  5.7.1996.  In order to discharge the said
        loan, towards a part liability, the accused issued  two  cheques,
        each for Rs.1 lakh bearing the dates 30.5.1997 and 31.5.1997.  On
        2.6.1997,  the complainant presented these cheques for encashment
        and the same were returned as " not arranged forö  by  intimation
        dated 4.6.1997.    Thereafter, the complainant issued a statutory
        notice on 10.6.1997 calling upon the  accused  to  discharge  the
        entire cheque  amount of Rs.2 Lakhs.  Despite receipt of the said
        statutory notice on  12.6.1997,  the  accused  neither  paid  the
        amount nor  sent  any  reply.    Hence,  the  complainant filed a
        complaint under Section 138 of  the  Negotiable  Instruments  Act
        through his Power of Attorney one Bhoopathy.

        (b)  On  the  basis  of  the  sworn statement taken from the said
        Bhoopathy on 17.3.1998, the case was taken on  file  and  summons
        was issued  to  the  accused.    After  appearance, the trial was
        proceeded with.

        (c) During the course of trial, the complainant examined  himself
        as  P.W.1  and  the Bank Officer, who returned the cheque as ônot
        arranged forö, was examined as P.W.2 through whom Exs.P-1 to  P-9
        were marked.    On the side of defence, D.Ws.1 to 5 were examined
        and Exs.D-1 to D-4 were marked.

        (d) The trial Court ultimately  concluded  that  the  prosecution
        proved  its  case  and  found  the accused guilty for the offence
        under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act and sentenced
        her to undergo imprisonment till the rising of the Court  and  to
        pay a fine of Rs.5,000 /-."


                5.   The  points  urged  by  the  learned counsel for the
        appellant/ accused could be summarised as follows:-

                "(i) The complainant, instead  of  filing  the  complaint
        directly, has filed the complaint through Power of Attorney.  The
        power  of  attorney  holder  is  not competent to speak about the
        transaction that took place between the payee and the  drawer  of
        the cheques.  Further, the document for the power of attorney was
        not filed.

                (ii) The name of the payee has not been correctly written
        in the cheques in question.  The complainantÆs name is MUKANCHAND
        BOTHRA.   But,  the cheques were issued in the name of MUKALCHAND
        BOTHRA.  Therefore, complainant is not the payee of  the  cheques
        in question and as such, he can not institute the complaint.

                (iii)  The  complainant  did  not  prove that there was a
        legally enforceable debt by producing the receipts or vouchers to
        show that  the  loan  was  lent  to  the  accused.    Though  the
        complainant   claimed   himself  as  a  financier,  D.W.3  Deputy
        Tahsildar stated that the complainant does not have  the  licence
        to carry  on  the  money  lending  business.  Further, he has not
        filed the income tax return showing the said loan.  D.  W.2,  the
        Income Tax Officer, deposed that the complainant did not file his
        return subsequent to 1991.  Therefore, the evidence of P.W.1 that
        he gave the loan to the accused is false.




                (iv)  The cheques in question bearing dates 30.5.1997 and
        31.5.1997 would not have  been  issued  after  the  date  of  the
        promissory  note  (i.e.,)  5.7.1996,  as  the complainant himself
        admitted that the agreement was  executed  on  30.12.1995.    The
        complainant  received  several  cheques and promissory notes from
        the accused and her brother for security purpose during the  year
        1993  to 1995 and some of the cheques were misused by filing both
        civil suits and criminal complaints including the  present  false
        complaint  in  order  to  coerce  the  accused  and  tarnish  her
        popularity as movie star.  The accused was merely a guarantor  to
        the  said  agreement  and  she  issued  those cheques as security
        only."

                6.  On the basis of these points, the learned counsel for
        the accused would submit that the conviction imposed by the trial
        Court is not valid and consequently, the accused is  entitled  to
        be acquitted.

                7.   While  both  these  matters  were taken up for final
        disposal and the  arguments  were  heard,  the  accused/appellant
        chose to file an application before this Court in Crl.M.P.No.6440
        of 2000 to permit her to adduce additional evidence under Section
        391 Cr.P.C.  pending appeal.

                8.   In  reply to the various points urged by the learned
        counsel for the accused,  the  learned  senior  counsel  for  the
        complainant   would  submit  that  all  these  points  have  been
        correctly dealt with by the trial Court and while  rejecting  the
        said  contentions, proper reasonings have been given by the trial
        Court for basing the conviction.

                9.  The learned senior counsel for the complainant  would
        further  submit that in regard to inadequacy of the sentence, the
        cheque amount involved in  this  case  is  Rs.2  Lakhs  and  when
        Section  138  of the Negotiable Instruments Act would provide for
        the sentence of imprisonment for one year or to  pay  a  fine  of
        twice  the  cheque  amount, the trial Court ought to have imposed
        appropriate  sentence  by  sending   the   accused   to   undergo
        imprisonment for one year or to pay a fine or compensation to the
        value of twice the cheque amount.

                10.   I  have  heard the contentions urged by the learned
        counsel on  either  side  and  carefully  perused  the  materials
        available on record.

                11.   On  a  careful analysis of the records, I am of the
        view that none of the grounds urged by the  learned  counsel  for
        the  appellant/  accused  would  impress  me,  as  the  materials
        available on record  would  clearly  show  that  the  prosecution
        proved its case beyond reasonable doubt and as such, the findings
        given  by the trial Court for conviction on the accused cannot be
        said to be wrong.

                12.  Regarding the first point relating to filing of  the
        complaint  through the power of attorney, it is to be stated that
        during the course of trial, the validity of the cognizance on the
        basis of the sworn statement of the power of attorney holder  was
        not questioned.

                13.  Furthermore, there is no law, which prohibits filing
        of  the  complaint  through power of attorney either on behalf of
        the individual or on behalf  of  the  company.    Only  when  the
        validity  of the power of attorney is questioned, the Court could
        be called upon to decide the genuineness or the validity  of  the
        power of attorney.

                14.  In this case, it is noticed that the  complaint  was
        taken  on  file  on the basis of the sworn statement given by one
        Bhoopathy, who is the power of attorney holder.  Thereafter, when
        the trial commenced, the complainant himself was ready to  depose
        his evidence.    When an application was filed by the complainant
        in Crl.M.P.No.750 of 1999 on 9.4 .1999 seeking for permission  to
        examine  him  as  P.W.1,  the  counsel  for  the  accused made an
        endorsement  stating   no   objection   for   such   examination.
        Accordingly,  the  complainant,  who  is  the  payee and in whose
        favour the cheques in question were drawn, was examined as  P.W.1
        in chief and cross.

                15.   When  such  being  the case, it cannot be contended
        that the power of attorney holder should not have been allowed to
        file the complaint.  It is true that the power of attorney holder
        may not be able to give full details of the transaction that took
        place between the drawer and  payee  of  the  cheques,  but  such
        lacuna  is not available in this case, since the complainant came
        to  the  box  and  subjected   himself   for   cross-examination.
        Therefore, the first point relating to power of attorney does not
        merit consideration.

                16.   Nextly,  it is contended that the name of the payee
        has not been correctly mentioned.

                17.  It is true that  the  name  of  the  complainant  is
        MUKANCHAND BOTHRA.    It  is  the case of the complainant that he
        received the cheques from the accused, which were drawn in favour
        of the complainant and presented the cheques  for  collection  in
        Karnataka Bank,  where  his  account  is  maintained.    When the
        cheques were sent to the State Bank of India, T.Nagar Branch,  in
        which  the  account of the accused is maintained, it was returned
        only with the endorsement ônot arranged forö and accordingly, the
        intimation of dishonour of the cheques was sent by the  Karnataka
        Bank to the complainant.  Thus, it is clear that the cheques were
        not  returned  on  the  ground that the name of the payee was not
        correctly mentioned.

                18.  On the other hand,  a  suggestion  was  put  to  the
        complainant  that  those  cheques  were  issued by the accused in
        favour of the complainant MUKANCHAND BOTHRA only as  security  in
        the capacity as guarantor.  It is also noticed that no suggestion
        was put in the cross-examination that the complainant was not the
        payee, but someone else.

                19.   That apart, when the statutory notice was issued by
        the complainant as payee of the cheques  with  reference  to  the
        dishonour  of  the cheques, the accused, who received it, did not
        choose to send any reply raising this sort of plea.    Therefore,
        mere  spelling  mistake by writing the name of the complainant in
        the cheques as MUKALCHAND BOTHRA, instead of  MUKANCHAND  BOTHRA,
        cannot  be a ground to hold that the complainant is not the payee
        of the cheques.  Therefore, this point also would fail.

                20.  Nextly, it is contended that there is no material to
        show that there was a legally enforceable debt when  the  cheques
        were issued.  For this argument, there is no basis.

                21.  It is the consistent plea of the prosecution through
        statutory  notice,  complaint and the deposition that the accused
        received a loan of Rs.5 Lakhs  on  5.7.1996  and  when  the  said
        amount  was  demanded,  the accused issued two post-dated cheques
        for Rs.1 lakh each bearing the dates as 30.5.1997 and 31.5.1997.



                22.  It is the further case of the complainant that while
        the loan amount of Rs.5 lakhs was given, the accused  executed  a
        promissory note  in  respect  of the said amount on 5.7.1996.  To
        establish  the  said  fact,  P.W.1  had  not  only  adduced  oral
        evidence,  but also marked Ex.P-1 promissory note executed by the
        accused.  He further marked Ex.P-6 statutory  notice  and  Ex.P-7
        acknowledgement  signed  by  the  accused for having received the
        said statutory notice.


                23.  It is also noticed that in the cross-examination  of
        the  complainant,  suggestions  were made by the accused that the
        debts covered by the cheques  were  earlier  discharged.    Under
        those  circumstances,  it is clear that the cheques were obtained
        by the complainant towards discharge of part of the liability  in
        respect  of  the promissory note executed by the accused for Rs.5
        Lakhs.

                24.  Section 139 of the Negotiable Instruments Act  would
        provide thus:-

                ôIt shall be presumed, unless  the  contrary  is  proved,
        that  the  holder  of  a cheque received the cheque of the nature
        referred to in Section 138 for the  discharge,  in  whole  or  in
        part, or any debt or other liability.ö


                25.   The term ôdebt or other liabilityö has been defined
        in Explanation to Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments  Act,
        which is as follows:

                ôFor   the  purpose  of  this  Section,  ôdebt  or  other
        liabilityö means a legally enforceable debt or other liability."


                26.  Section 118 of the Negotiable Instruments Act  would
        provide   for   presumption   as  to  negotiable  instruments  of
        consideration, which is as follows:-

                ôUntil the contrary is proved, the following presumptions
        shall be made:-

        (a) of consideration -ù that every negotiable instrument was made
        or drawn for consideration, and that every such instrument,  when
        it  has  been  accepted, endorsed, negotiated or transferred, was
        accepted, endorsed, negotiated or transferred for consideration;ö

                27.  Thus, Sections 118, 138 and 139  of  the  Negotiable
        Instruments  Act would require that the Court ôshall presumeö the
        liability of the drawer of the cheques for the amount  for  which
        the cheques were drawn on accepting the consideration.

                28.  Therefore, it is obligatory on the  Court  to  raise
        this  presumption in every case where the factual presumption has
        been established.  Such a presumption is a presumption of law, as
        distinguished from a presumption of fact which describes  provisi
        ons by which the court ô may presumeö a certain state of affairs.

                29.  In other words, when the  prosecution  provided  the
        facts  required to form a basis for presumption, no discretion is
        left with the Court but to  draw  the  statutory  conclusion,  in
        favour of  the  complainant.    In  the  case  of a discretionary
        presumption, the presumption if  drawn  may  be  rebutted  by  an
        explanation   which  ômight  reasonably  be  true  and  which  is
        consistent with the innocenceö of the accused.

                30.   In  the case of a mandatory presumption ôthe burden
        on the accused personö would not be a light,  as  one  cannot  be
        held  to  be  discharged  merely  by  reason of the fact that the
        explanation offered by the accused is reasonable and probable.

                31.  The words ôunless the contrary is provedö  contained
        in  Sections 1 18 and 139 of the Negotiable Instruments Act would
        make it clear that the presumption has to be rebutted by  æproofÆ
        and not by a bare explanation, which is merely plausible.  Unless
        the  explanation is supported by proof, the mandatory presumption
        created by the provision cannot be said to be rebutted.

                32.  It is contended  by  the  learned  counsel  for  the
        accused that the complainant received several cheques and several
        promissory  notes  from  the accused and her brother and the same
        were misused, even though the entire  amount  of  loan  had  been
        discharged.

                33.  When such is the defence case, it is for the accused
        to  adduce  oral  and  documentary evidence to establish that the
        entire  amount  had  been   paid   back   to   the   complainant.
        Unfortunately,  in  this case, no steps were taken by the accused
        to prove the same.

                34.  On the other hand, the accused chose to examine  the
        Income Tax Officer as D.W.2 and the Executive Deputy Tahsildar as
        D.W.3  to  speak  about  the fact that P.W.1 complainant does not
        have the licence for money lending and no income tax  return  was
        filed showing the loan in the present transaction.

                35.   Summoning  of these witnesses and examining them in
        the Court are not only  unnecessary,  but  also  wasting  of  the
        CourtÆs time to the core.  As a matter of fact, P.W.1 would admit
        that  he  did not possess licence under the Money Lenders Act and
        he did not file any income tax return.

                36.  Under those circumstances, it would be  sheer  waste
        of  time in summoning of these officials to come to the Court and
        depose the same fact, which had been admitted by the complainant.
        By adopting this course, the accused has caused inconvenience  to
        the official, defence witnesses, as well as to the Court.

                37.   On  the  other hand, the accused must have examined
        other witnesses or produced  documents  to  show  that  the  loan
        amount had already been discharged and despite that, the cheques,
        which  were  given  for  the  discharge  of  the  loan,  were not
        returned.

                38.  Though  on  the  defence  side,  D.Ws.1  to  6  were
        examined,  none  of  the  witnesses would speak about the defence
        plea raised in this case.  That apart, the accused did  not  care
        to enter the witness box to support her case.

                39.   In  the  light  of  the  materials  produced by the
        complainant through oral and  documentary  evidence  and  in  the
        light  of  the fact that the accused failed to make an attempt to
        rebut the presumption by proving the defence  plea  in  terms  of
        Sections  118,  138  and  139  of the Negotiable Instruments Act,
        which is held to be mandatory as per the decision of the  Supreme
        Court in  HABBALAPPA  DUNDAPPA  KATTI  AND  OTHERS  v.   STATE OF
        KARNATAKA (2001 (3) CRIMES 218 (S.C), it has to be held that  the
        cheques  had been issued by the accused only towards discharge of
        the liability and the same had been dishonoured  and  the  cheque
        amounts  were  not  repaid  in  time,  despite the receipt of the
        statutory notice.

                40.   The  last  point that was urged is that the cheques
        dated 30.5.1997 and 31.5.1997 would not have been issued, as  the
        agreement  was  entered  into  between the parties on 30.12.1995.
        The complainant never stated that there was an agreement  entered
        into between the accused and the complainant on 30.12.1995 and he
        would  only refer to the agreement entered between the brother of
        the accused and the complainant, which has no connection with the
        present transaction.

                41.  According to the complainant, the accused received a
        loan of Rs.5 Lakhs and executed the promissory note  on  5.7.1996
        and  while  demanding  the  payment,  he  received two post-dated
        cheques dated 30.5.1997 and 31.5.1997.  Therefore, the  agreement
        dated  30.12.1995  would  not project relevancy with reference to
        the issue in question.

                42.  As already stated, once the execution of the cheques
        is not denied, it shall be presumed  under  Section  139  of  the
        Negotiable  Instruments  Act  that the cheques were issued by the
        accused for discharge of the liability, unless it is  established
        through  acceptable  evidence  by  the  defence  to show that the
        cheques were misused, even though the amounts covered  under  the
        cheques were repaid.

                43.   Therefore,  by merely stating that the cheques were
        given as security  in  respect  of  the  agreement  entered  into
        between  the complainant and her brother Kumaraswamy even without
        examining the said Kumaraswamy as defence witness or by producing
        the agreement, the Court cannot be asked to accept her plea.

                44.  Under those circumstances, all these points urged by
        the learned counsel for the appellant/accused would  have  to  be
        rejected,   particularly,   when  the  evidence  adduced  by  the
        complainant oral and documentary is acceptable.

                45.  At this juncture, let us now go to the  prayer  made
        in the  application  in  Crl.M.P.  No.6440 of 2000 by the accused
        before  this  Court  seeking  permission  to  adduce   additional
        evidence by summoning various documents.

                46.   Under  Section  391 Cr.P.C., the appellate Court is
        empowered,  if  it  thinks  that  the  additional   evidence   is
        necessary,  to record its reason and take such evidence by itself
        or direct it to be taken by the lower Court.

                47.  In this case, in the application filed under Section
        391 Cr.P.C, it is seen that this Court has been asked  to  permit
        the  accused  to  adduce additional evidence by summoning various
        records relating to several criminal  cases  pending  in  various
        Criminal  Courts  and  the  records  relating  to the civil suits
        pending in City Civil Court and in the High Court.

                48.  Though the petition would contain a  detailed  story
        as  to  how  the  accused  was  made  to face all the proceedings
        instituted by  the  complainant,  nothing  is  stated  about  the
        necessity  or  grounds  on  the  basis  of  which  this Court can
        exercise its power to permit the petitioner to adduce  additional
        evidence.

                49.  In the present application, no circumstance has been
        shown to make this Court to think that the additional evidence is
        necessary.   When those grounds are absent, this Court may not be
        able to record its  reason  by  allowing  the  said  application,
        especially,  when  the  Section  would provide that recording its
        reason is mandatory.

        50.  As noted above, it is noticed in the  application  that  the
        accused   prays  this  Court  to  summon  the  records  from  XIV
        Metropolitan Magistrate, Egmore,  VIII  Metropolitan  Magistrate,
        George  Town,  and  IV  Metropolitan Magistrate, Saidapet and the
        civil Courts records from the  XI  Assistant  Judge,  City  Civil
        Court, Chennai and the records from the Original side of the High
        Court and the records from the Appellate side of the High Court.

        51.   I  am at a loss to understand as to how those records could
        be sought to be summoned, when those records from various  Courts
        would not  be  relevant to decide the issue in question.  This is
        nothing, but an attempt to waste the time of the Court again  and
        to abuse the process of this Court.

        52.     Under    those    circumstances,   the   application   in
        Crl.M.P.No.6440 of 2000 filed  under  Section  391  Cr.P.C.    is
        liable to be dismissed.

        53.   In  view  of the discussions made in the earlier paragraphs
        with regard to the merits of the appeal, the appeal  against  the
        conviction is also liable to be dismissed.

        54.   Let  us now come to the revision seeking for enhancement of
        sentence.

        55.  There is no dispute in regard to the powers vested with this
        Court in revision for enhancement of sentence as laid down by the
        Supreme Court in PRATAP v.  STATE OF U.P.  (AIR 1973 S.C.    786)
        and  in  the decision of this Court in J.S.AGENCIES AND OTHERS v.
        M/s.  NAMAKKAL  SOUTH  INDIA  TRANSPORTS  (1999  (1)  CRIMES  70)
        followed in EKNATH V.  STATE OF MAHARASHTRA (AIR 1977 S.C.  1177)
        AND NADI KHAN v.  STATE (AIR 1976 S.C.  2205).

        56.   Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act provides that
        the person who committed the offence under this Section shall  be
        punished  with  imprisonment  for  a term which may extend to one
        year, or with fine which may extend to twice the  amount  of  the
        cheque, or with both.

        57.  Even though the trial Court held that the offence was proved
        in  respect  of  the cheque amount to the value of Rs.2 Lakhs, it
        thought it fit to sentence the accused  to  undergo  imprisonment
        till the rising of the Court and to pay a fine of Rs.5,000/-.

        58.     According    to    the    learned    counsel    for   the
        petitioner/complainant,  this  is   neither   adequate   nor   in
        consonance with the spirit of the penal Section.


        59.   The  reading of the Section as well as the guidelines given
        by the Supreme Court in regard to the  necessity  of  payment  of
        compensation  in  the  cases arising out of the proceedings under
        Section 138 of the  Negotiable  Instruments  Act  would  make  it
        obvious  that  the  sentence must be sufficient so as to make the
        complainant to get suitable compensation.


                60.  It is true that the Judicial Magistrate is empowered
        to impose a maximum fine of Rs.5,000/- under Section  29  Cr.P.C.
        But, it may be pointed out that if the Judicial Magistrate thinks
        that  the fact situation in a particular case warrants imposition
        of sentence more severe than the limit  fixed  under  Section  29
        Cr.P.C.,  after finding the accused guilty, he can forward to the
        Chief Judicial Magistrate under Section 325 Cr.P.C.  for imposing
        the fine more than Rs.5,000/-.

                61.  In this case, such a course has not been adopted  by
        the  trial Court which merely sentenced the accused to pay a fine
        of Rs.5,000/- being the maximum limit  of  the  fine,  which  the
        Judicial Magistrate  could  impose.    Another course open to the
        Magistrate is to invoke Section 357 Cr.P.C.    But,  the  learned
        Judicial  Magistrate  has  not  taken into consideration the fact
        that the  complainant  in  the  complaint  itself  requested  for
        compensation as contemplated under Section 357 Cr.P.C.

                62.   This  Court  as  well  as  the  Supreme  Court  has
        invariably emphasised the need for making liberal use of  Section
        357 Cr.P.C.   regarding compensation, especially, when the cheque
        amount is high.  Under such circumstances, the  learned  Judicial
        Magistrate   should   have   considered   for  imposing  adequate
        compensation under Section 357 Cr.P.C.

                63.  There are two limbs in Section 357  Cr.P.C.    Under
        Section  357(1)(b)  Cr.P.C., while imposing the sentence of fine,
        the Judicial Magistrate can award either the portion of the  fine
        or the  entire  portion  as  compensation.    In other words, the
        Judicial  Magistrate  cannot   order   compensation   more   than
        Rs.5,000/-.   But,  under the second limb of Section 357, namely,
        357(3) Cr.P.C., the Judicial Magistrate  can  award  any  sum  as
        compensation taking note of the fact situation.

                64.   In  this  context,  the  observation of the Supreme
        Court in PANKAJBHAI NAGJIBHAI PATEL v.  THE STATE OF GUJARAT  AND
        ANOTHER (2001 (1) CRIMES 165 (S.C.)) is worth mentioning:-

                ôEven that apart, a Magistrate who thinks it fit that the
        complainant  must  be  compensated with his loss he can resort to
        the course indicated in Section 357 of the Code.  This aspect has
        been dealt with in K.BHASKARAN v.  SANKARAN  VAIDHYAN  BALAN  AND
        ANOTHER (1999 (7) S.C.C.  5 10) as follows:-

                However  the  Magistrate  in such cases can alleviate the
        grievance of the complainant by making resort to  section  357(3)
        of the  Code.    It  is  well  to  remember  that  this Court has
        emphasised the need for making  liberal  use  of  that  provision
        (HARI SINGH v.  SUKHBIR SINGH ((1988) (4) S.C.C.  551).  No limit
        is  mentioned  in the sub-section and therefore, a Magistrate can
        award any sum as  compensation.    Of  course  while  fixing  the
        quantum  of such compensation the Magistrate has to consider what
        would be the reasonable amount of  compensation  payable  to  the
        complainant.   Thus,  even  if  the  trial  was before a Court of
        Magistrate of the first class in respect of a cheque which covers
        an amount exceeding Rs.5,000/-  the  Court  has  power  to  award
        compensation to be paid to the complainant.ö

                65.   In  the light of the above observation, the learned
        Magistrate could have very well invoked Section 357  (3)  Cr.P.C.
        to  award  compensation either for the cheque amount or twice the
        cheque amount or any reasonable amount to alleviate the grievance
        of the complainant.     66.   However,  the  bar   put   on   the
        Magistrate in  respect  of  Section  29  Cr.P.C.    would  not be
        applicable to the High Court, as Section 357(4)  Cr.P.C.    would
        state that  the order under Section 357 Cr.P.C.  could be used by
        the High Court, while exercising its power under revision.

                67.  Therefore, this Court under Section 357(1)(b)  could
        impose a fine which may extend to twice the amount of the cheques
        and in the event of default in payment of the amount, the accused
        could be  sentenced  to  imprisonment for a specified period.  In
        the alternative, this Court could invoke Section 357 (3)  Cr.P.C.
        by   ordering   compensation  of  any  sum  and  the  quantum  of
        compensation could be decided taking note of the fact situation.

                68.  Out of these two provisions, this Court  is  of  the
        view  that  it  would  be appropriate to invoke Section 357(1)(b)
        Cr.P.C.  by which  the  accused  could  be  sentenced  to  pay  a
        substantial fine amount (i.e.,) twice the cheque amount.

                69.  The trial Court imposed the sentence of imprisonment
        for only one day.  Though  this  is  not  sufficient,  I  am  not
        inclined  to send the accused to prison, since her career as Cine
        Artiste would be spoiled and it may also affect the production of
        the films in which she is acting.  So, instead of  enhancing  the
        sentence  of imprisonment, it would be appropriate to enhance the
        sentence of fine to twice the  amount  of  the  cheques  and  the
        cheque amount can be awarded as compensation to the complainant.

                70.   Accordingly,  the fine amount of Rs.5,000/- imposed
        by the trial Court is enhanced to  Rs.4  Lakhs  being  twice  the
        cheque amount.

                71.   It  is  noticed  that  the  fine  of Rs.5,000/- has
        already been  paid  in  the  trial   Court.      Therefore,   the
        appellant/accused is directed to deposit the balance fine amount,
        namely,  Rs.3,95,000/-  in the trial Court within four weeks from
        today,  in  default,   the   accused   will   undergo   rigourous
        imprisonment for  one  year.  After such deposit, the trial Court
        is directed to pay the entire cheque amount of Rs.2 Lakhs to  the
        complainant, 72.   With the above observation, the revision filed
        by the petitioner/complainant is liable to be allowed.  73.    In
        the result,  the  Criminal  Appeal  and Crl.M.P.  No.6440 of 2000
        filed by the appellant/ accused are dismissed  and  the  Criminal
        Revision Case filed by the petitioner/appellant is allowed.



                                                        25-1-2002
        Index:  Yes
        dpp

                                /True copy/

                                                        Sd/
                                                        Asst.Registrar


        To

        1.  The XV Metropolitan Magistrate,
            George Town,Chennai.
        2.  The  Public  Prosecutor,
            High Court,
            Chennai.


                                        M. KARPAGAVINAYAGAM, J.

Common Judgment in CRL.A.No.261 of 2000; Crl.R.C. No.736 of 1999; & Crl.M.P.No.6440 of 2000.

25-1-2002