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Delhi District Court

State vs . Rusy @ Surender Etc. on 24 April, 2018

                                                                        -1-

                       IN THE COURT OF SH. SANJEEV AGGARWAL
                           ADDL. SESSIONS JUDGE­02, NORTH
                                ROHINI COURTS, DELHI
                                                
STATE CASE No.......................................58155/16

                                                                                   FIR No. 152/12
                                                                                   PS   South Rohini
                                                                                   U/s:  302/460/396/457/34 IPC
State    
                             Versus
  
1.        Rusy @ Surender S/o Sh. Thakur Das,
          R/o H. No. D­618, Gali no. 11,
          Mangol Puri, Delhi.

2.         Rajesh @ Tinku S/o Sh. Roop Singh
           R/o F­29/569, Mangol Puri, Delhi
           Also at : Jhuggi No. FW­29/182,
           Mangol Puri, Delhi.

3.         Ravinder @ Tunda S/o Sh. Rajesh
           R/o Jhuggi Hanuman Mandir, Gali no. 22,
           near RTV Bus Stand, Budh Vihar, Phase­2, Delhi.

4.         Mahesh @ Chikna Kaliya S/o Sh. Sunder @ Lala
           R/o Jhuggi No. 248, Indira J.J. Camp, Sector­3,
           Rohini, Delhi.
                                          Date of institution        :    30.11.2012
                                         Judgment reserved on :    20.03.2018 
                                         Judgment delivered on :   24.04.2018

ORDER/JUDGMENT:                                                        The accused persons namely Rusy @ Surender, 
                                                                       Rajesh @ Tinku and Ravinder @ Tunda are 
                                                                       convicted   of   the   offence(s)   u/S.   302/34   &   460  
                                                                       IPC, whereas  accused Mahesh @ Chikna stands
                                                                       acquitted of the offence(s) u/S. 
                                                                       302/457/460/395/396/34  IPC.


SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  1 of 55
State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc.
                                                                         -2-



J U D G M E N T


1.         Brief facts as stated in the chargesheet are that on 24.07.2012,
    on receipt of DD No. 6A at 2:15 am, Inspector V. Jha alongwith SI
    Mohd. Imtiaz Alam and Ct. Anil reached the spot i.e. G­30/340­341,
    Sector­3,  Rohini,  where SHO alongwith staff and HC Rajesh were
    already  present.   In   the  street, in front of the gate of the house in
    question, blood was found scattered and inside the house, on a sofa,
    in a room, one iron rod, house breaking tool was found. It was found
    that   the   injured   had   been   removed   to   Jaipur   Golden   Hospital.
    Thereafter,   leaving   SI   Imtiaz   Alam   at   the   spot,   Inspector   V.   Jha
    reached Jaipur Golden Hospital and obtained the MLC of Shanti Devi
    W/o Bishan Lal having injuries intracabular region and patient was
    declared   brought   dead   at   2:30   am   on   24.07.2012.   Thereafter   the
    statement   of   eye   witness   Bhim   S/o   Bishan   Lal   was   recorded   as
    under:­
                   "That he was residing in the said house bearing no. G­
                   30/340­341, Sector­3, Rohini and he was running a Cyber
                   Cafe in the area of Karol Bagh, as daily he came back to
                   his house after closing his shop at 9:30 pm and at around
                   10:30   pm,   he   and   his   family   members   went   to   their
                   respective   rooms   for   sleeping,   however,   his   mother   as
                   usual slept in the drawing room adjoining the main room

SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  2 of 55
State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc.
                                                                         -3-

                   on the cot, whereas his father slept in the room from the
                   right   side   of   the   drawing   room   and   he   also   slept   in
                   another room on the ground floor, his other brothers also
                   went   to   sleep   in   their   respective   portions   on   the   upper
                   floors. Before sleeping he had bolted the latch of the main
                   door from inside. 
                   Around 1:30­1:45 am, in the night, he heard some noise
                   i.e.   opening   of   almirah   due   to   which   his   sleep   got
                   disturbed   then   he   saw   that   one   unknown   person   was
                   going   from   his   room   towards   drawing   room.   He   got
                   suspicious that some thief had intruded into the house.
                   He immediately got up and put on the light of the drawing
                   room and caught hold of the said person and also raised
                   alarm. On hearing this, his mother also got up, who was
                   sleeping in the drawing room. She also caught the other
                   person who was present in the drawing room. Thereafter,
                   both   of   them   raised   an   alarm   of   chor­chor.   They   found
                   that the door of main gate was open and one more person
                   was standing outside the gate, who was having a knife in
                   his hand. He came inside saying that they should leave
                   his companions, failing which they will be killed, however,
                   the person whom he had called said that they should be
                   finished   then   only   they   would   escape.   Thereafter,   the

SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  3 of 55
State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc.
                                                                         -4-

                   other thief also stated so and thereafter the said person,
                   who was standing at the main gate came inside the room
                   and stabbed his mother with a knife blow due to which
                   she started screaming. His father who was sleeping in the
                   adjoining room also got up. All of them started taking care
                   of their mother. Taking the advantage of the situation all
                   the   thieves   /   accused   persons   ran   away.   In   the   said
                   episode, he also received injuries in his left wrist. He also
                   called his brothers from the top floor and also called PCR
                   and removed his mother in a private car in Jaipur Golden
                   Hospital,   where  his mother   was  declared  brought  dead.
                   He   could   identify   all   the   accused   persons,   if   brought
                   before   him.   He   also   gave   the   descriptions   of   the   said
                   accused persons in the rukka. He also stated that he also
                   came to know that from the pant of his brother hanging
                   on   the   hook   of   his   room,   one   brown   colour   purse   was
                   missing   alongwith   RC,   voter   card   and   ATM   card   and
                   visiting   cards   and   Rs.160/­   and   while   running   away   the
                   accused persons had also left the iron rod on the sofa of
                   his room". 
2.         Thereafter,   on   the   said   statement,   endorsement   was   made   by
    Inspector   V.   Jha   and   sent   Head   Constable   Rajesh   to   the   police
    station   for   the   registration   of   FIR.   On   the   said   rukka,   FIR   u/s


SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  4 of 55
State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc.
                                                                         -5-

    460/302/34 IPC was registered at PS South Rohini.
           The   crime   team,   FSL  team,  dog squad  were  called. The  dead
    body was directed to be preserved. All the above teams reached at
    the spot and inspected the spot and collected the relevant exhibits
    from the spot. The inter lock was found free and was opened and
    was seized, the autopsy of the dead body was got conducted at the
    BSA Hospital. The supplementary statement of the complainant was
    recorded. The statements of Sh. Bishan Lal, husband of deceased
    Shanti Devi and that of Dilip Kumar, another son of deceased were
    recorded.
           The missing brown colour purse containing motorcycle RC, ATM
    card,   Rs.160/­   and   duplicate   DL   and   visiting   cards   were   found
    missing as stated above. However, the missing purse was found at
    the spot of another incident i.e. D­17/252, Sector­3, Rohini, whereas
    ATM   cards   and   money   was   found   missing   from   the   said   purse
    regarding which Inspector Anil was conducting the investigations.


3.         The statements of witnesses were recorded. Case property was
    deposited in the malkhana. The suspects were interrogated. The beat
    constables were apprised regarding the description of the accused
    persons.
           On   25.07.2012,   at   around   8:30   pm,   at   the   information   of   Ct.
    Rajkumar,   the   park   of   H­32,   Sector­3   was   surrounded   and   three
    suspects were  apprehended namely Rusy @ Surender, Rajesh @

SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  5 of 55
State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc.
                                                                         -6-

    Tinku, Ravinder @ Tunda. On the search of Rusy, from the dub of his
    right pant one iron rod (house breaking implement) was recovered.
    And on search of his pant, two ATM cards were also recovered. One
    ATM   card   was  in   the   name  of  Dilip   Kumar  and  other   was  of  SBI
    Patiala. From his right pocket, one silver coin was recovered, which
    he disclosed that he stolen from Sector­3, two days ago.
           On search of Rajesh @ Tinku, from his left dub of the pant, one
    buttondar   knife   was   recovered  and  from   the   left   pocket   one  silver
    coin was recovered, which he disclosed he had looted from one old
    lady after wounding her.
           On search of Ravinder @ Tunda, from the right dub of his pant
    one   buttondar   knife   was   recovered   and   from   his   left   pocket,   one
    silver   coin   was   recovered.   He   also   disclosed   that   the   same   was
    looted few days ago as stated by the other accused persons. All of
    them also disclosed that in both the incidents they were accompanied
    by one more person namely Chikna, Kalia and one small boy Gora,
    who were keeping watch at the time of the incident.
           All the three accused persons were arrested, who were kept in
    muffled   face.   At   the   instance   of   the   accused   persons,   two   more
    accused persons Mahesh @ Chikna, Kalia and Amit @ Gora were
    apprehended. The Amit @ Gora disclosed himself to be a juvenile,
    thereafter, separate disclosure statements of all the accused persons
    were recorded.  All of them disclosed that at the time of stabbing their
    clothes   were   bloods   stained   which   they   had   kept   concealed   near

SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  6 of 55
State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc.
                                                                         -7-

    BSA Hospital in bushes, which were recovered at their instance and
    were seized. All the accused persons were produced in the court in
    muffled   face,   whereas   the   juvenile   Amit   was   sent   to   Observation
    Home.
           Section 25 of Arms Act was added to the FIR. Application for TIP
    of accused Rusy @ Surender, Rajesh @ Tinku, Ravinder @ Tunda
    and Mahesh @ Chikna were moved, however, all of them refused to
    undergo TIP. 
           Accused   Ravinder   claimed   himself   to   be   a   juvenile,   but   after
    inquiry his age was found to be 18 years 4 months at the time of the
    incident. 
           The purse recovered in FIR no. 153/12 which was seized in the
    said   FIR,   the   copy   thereof   was   obtained   and   the   statement   of
    Inspector Anil was recorded in this regard. The TIP of the said purse
    was got conducted through Dilip Kumar, who correctly identified the
    purse.
           Thereafter, on 09.08.2012, the complainant Bhim and his father
    Bishan   Lal   identified   the   accused   persons   in   the   court,   as   the
    persons involved in the incident and they specifically identified Rusy
    as the person who was caught by Bhim, whereas accused Rajesh @
    Tinku   was   caught   by   Shanti   Devi,   his   deceased   mother,   whereas
    accused   Ravinder   @   Tunda   had   stabbed   his   mother   at   the
    exhortation of the other two accused persons and all of them had ran
    away after the incident.

SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  7 of 55
State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc.
                                                                         -8-

           The postmortem report was obtained. As per the opinion of the
    autopsy surgeon death was due to hemorrhagic shock, consequent
    to Penetrating injury to the chest caused via injury no. 1. All injuries
    were antemortem. Fresh at the time of death and injury no. 1 was
    sufficient to cause death in ordinary course of nature. Subsequent
    opinion qua the knife recovered from the accused Ravinder @ Tunda
    qua   the   said   injury   was   also   obtained,   which   was   found   to   be
    positive.   The   relevant   sample   were   sent   to   FSL   Rohini   for   the
    evaluation of clothes and other tangibles.
           The   photocopy   of   FSL   report   of   FIR   No.   153/12   was   also
    obtained.   As per  which the blood group of deceased Rasam  Devi
    was found to be A Group, whereas that of deceased Shanti Devi in
    this case was found to be B Group. 


4.         After   completion   of   investigations,   the   chargesheet   u/s
    302/460/396/380/457/34 IPC read with Section 25/27 Arms Act was
    filed in the court.


5.         On committal of the case to the Court of Sessions, vide detailed
    order dated 23.07.2013, a charge u/s 302/457/460/395/396/34 IPC
    was found to be made out against all the accused persons to which
    all of them pleaded not guilty and claimed trial.


6.         Thereafter, prosecution in support of its case have examined 25

SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  8 of 55
State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc.
                                                                         -9-

    witnesses as under : 
    (a)   PW1   is   Bhim,   son   of   Bishan,   the   eye   witness   and   the  
           complainant, who has fully supported the prosecution story.
    (b) PW2 is Dilip, the brother of the complainant, who had reached the
           spot immediately after the incident.
    (c)   PW3   is   B.   K.   Chhabra,   the   record   incharge,   Jaipur   Golden  
           Hospital, who has proved the MLC of deceased Shanti Devi in the
           absence of the concerned doctor Ex. PW3/A.
    (d) PW4 is Surender Kumar Tanwar, postmortem technician who had
           handed over the inquest papers and sealed pulanda containing  
           blood gauze to the IO of this case on 11.08.2012 vide Ex. PW4/A.
    (e) PW5 Dr. Dinesh Varshney, who has proved the MLC of the PW1 
           Bhim Ex. PW5/A on which the nature of injuries were found to be 
           simple in nature.
    (f) PW6 is SI Anil Kumar, the incharge, Mobile Crime Team, who  
           went to the spot on 24.07.2012, on receiving the call from the  
           control   room   at   2:30   am   alongwith   the   relevant   staff.   He   has  
           proved his report regarding scene of crime as Ex. PW6/A.
    (g) PW7 is Ct. Manoj Kumar, who was posted as photographer in the 
           mobile   crime   team   and   who   on   24.07.2012   had   taken   the  
           photographs of the spot from different angles and has proved the 
           photographs   vide   Ex.   PW7/A­1   to   PW7/A­14   and   negatives  
           thereof Ex. PW7/B­1 to Ex. PW7/B­14.
    (h) PW8 is SI Avdhesh, who had joined the investigations with SI  

SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  9 of 55
State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc.
                                                                        -10-

           Mohd. Imtiaz on 25.07.2012 and had apprehended the accused 
           persons alongwith Inspector V. N. Jha and Ct. Raj Kumar and had
           also   made   recoveries   at   their   instance,   pursuant   to   their  
           disclosure statements as well as from their search.
    (i) PW9 is Bishan Lal, the father of the complainant, who was also the
           eye   witness   of   the   incident,   who   has   also   supported   the  
           prosecution story.
    (j) PW10 HC Rajesh Kumar, who was posted at PS South Rohini on 
           24.07.2012   and   who   on   receipt   of   DD   No.   4A   Ex.   PW10/A  
           reached the spot and got the FIR registered on the rukka written 
           by the IO.
    (k) PW11 is HC Raj Kumar who was present alongwith the IO and 
           other police officials at the time of apprehension of the accused 
           from   the   park   and   subsequent   recoveries   pursuant   to   the  
           disclosure statements.
    (l) PW12 is Dr. A. K. Diwan, who was working in BSA hospital and 
           was chairman of the medical board and who had given the report 
           Ex. PW12/A that the age of the accused Mahesh was more than 
           18 years and less than 20 years.
    (m) PW13 HC Narender Singh who was working a a duty officer at 
           PS South Rohini who has proved the DD No. 4A and DD No. 9A 
           Ex. PW13/A and proved the FIR Ex. PW13/B and endorsement 
           on the rukka Ex. PW13/C.
    (n)   PW14   is   Dr.   Vijay   Dhankar,   the   forensic   expert   who   had  

SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  10 of 55
State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc.
                                                                        -11-

           conducted the postmortem on the body of the deceased and had 
           opined that death was due to hemorrhagic shock consequent to 
           Penetrating injury to the chest caused via injury no. 1. All injuries 
           were antemortem, fresh at the time of death and injury no. 1 was 
           sufficient to cause death in ordinary course of nature. He after  
           examining the knife opined that the said injuries were possible  
           through said knife vide his subsequent opinion Ex. PW14/B.
    (o) PW15 is Ct. Sanjay Kumar who on 09.08.2012 took one sealed 
           parcel from the MHC (M) of PS South Rohini and produced the 
           same before the Ld. MM.
    (p) PW16 is ASI Ravi Dutt of PCR who was posted in the PCR Outer 
           Zone at PCR van Libra­14, at about 2:00 am, when a call was  
           received about stabbing and he reached at G­30/340­341, Sector­
           3,   Rohini   alongwith   driver   HC   Jogender.   HC   Jogender,   driver  
           parked the vehicle   and  he  reached   near   the  house   and   found  
           injured   Shanti   Devi   W/o   Bishan   Lal   was   being   shifting   to   the  
           hospital  in   private   vehicle by her  husband and her  son Bhim.  
           Blood was  found  at  the spot. He accompanied them  to Jaipur  
           Golden Hospital in his PCR van, where Shanti Devi was admitted 
           in   the   hospital,   who   was   declared   dead   at   about   2:30   am   on  
           24.07.2012.
    (q) PW17 is Inspector Anil Kumar, the IO of the case bearing FIR No.
           153/12 who had visited the spot of the said incident i.e. D­17/252, 
           Sector­3,   Rohini,   wherein   incident   of   stabbing   of   old   woman  

SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  11 of 55
State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc.
                                                                        -12-

           namely Rasam Devi had taken place on 24.07.2012 and during 
           the search of the house, one Jyoti D/o Rasam Devi had produced 
           one   purse   found   in   the   clothes   not   belonging   to   the   said  
           household  containing   one   original   RC   DL­8S­AQ­1008,   Pulsar  
           motorcycle, one voter I­card of Dilip Kumar s/o Bishan Lal R/o G­
           30/340­341,   Sector­3, Rohini, duplicate DL, whose number he  
           had mentioned in the seizure memo belonging to Prem Chand s/o
           Bishan   Lal,   two   passport   size   photographs   and   some   other  
           documents  including  visiting  cards  which  was   seized   vide   Ex.  
           PW17/A.
    (r) PW18 is Inspector Manohar Lal, who had prepared the scaled site
           plan of the spot Ex. PW18/A.
    (s) PW19 is Ct. Anil who on 28.09.2012 took three sealed parcels  
           alongwith the forwarding letter from the MHC (M) vide RC No.  
           132/21/12 to FSL Rohini and deposited the same there.
    (t) PW20 is Ct. Mahender the computer operator who had typed the 
           FIR of the present case on the dictation of duty officer.
    (u) PW21 is Sh. Parsuram Singh, Assistant Director (Physics), FSL 
           Rohini, who ha sproved his report Ex. PW21/A.
    (v) PW22 is Naresh Kumar, Senior Scientific Officer (Biology), FSL, 
           who has proved his biological report and serological report Ex.  
           PW22/A and Ex. PW22/B respectively.
    (w)   PW23   is   SI   Imtiaz   Alam,   who   was   present   throughout   the  
           investigations including at the time of apprehension as well as  

SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  12 of 55
State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc.
                                                                        -13-

           recoveries  made   from the possession of the accused persons  
           and at their instance and also the arrest of the accused persons.
    (x) PW24 is Ct. Anil who was posted at PS South Rohini as a Ct. who
           took 16 sealed parcels from MHC(M) at the directions of the IO 
           and deposited the same at FSL Rohini for forensic evaluation.
    (y)   PW25   is   Inspector   V.   N.   Jha,   the   IO   of   the   case,   who   has  
           deposed regarding the investigation as were carried out by him  
           during the course of the present case.


7.         Separate statements of all the accused persons were recorded on
    03.01.2018 in the presence of their counsels, in which the accused
    persons admitted the TIP proceedings qua them and the TIP of the
    case property, which were exhibited as PXI, PXII, PXIII, PXIV and the
    TIP qua the case property as Ex. PW2/A.


8.         Thereafter, statements of accused persons u/s 313 Cr.P.C. were
    recorded in which the entire incriminating evidence appearing against
    the accused persons was put to them in which the defence of the
    accused Ravinder @ Tunda was that he had been falsely implicated
    in   this   case   and   all   the   prosecution   witnesses   were   interested
    witnesses   and   they   had   deposed   falsely   against   him   and   he   had
    been made to sign on blank papers. Nothing was recovered at his
    instance. Similarly, the defence of the accused Mahesh @ Chikna
    was that he had also been falsely implicated in this case and all the

SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  13 of 55
State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc.
                                                                        -14-

    prosecution witnesses had falsely deposed against him and he was
    made   to   sign   on   some   blank   papers   which   were   converted   into
    documents against him .


9.         The defence of the accused Rajesh @ Tinku was that he has also
    been falsely implicated in this case and all the prosecution witnesses
    were interested witnesses and they had deposed falsely against him.
    Neither he nor any of his co­accused persons were present at the
    spot, the police of PS South Rohini were under tremendous pressure
    of the Joint CP to solve the present case as well as case FIR no.
    153/12.   Accused   Rusy   @   Surender   and   others   being   the   bad
    character had been falsely implicated by police officials in the present
    case.
           Similarly the defence of the accused Rusy @ Surender was that
    he   had   also   been   falsely   implicated   in   this   case   and   all   the
    prosecution   witnesses   were   interested   witnesses   and   they   had
    deposed falsely against him. Neither he nor any of his co­accused
    persons were present at the spot, the police of PS South Rohini were
    under tremendous pressure of the Joint CP to solve the present case
    as   well   as   case   FIR   no.   153/12.   He   and   others   being   the   bad
    character had been falsely implicated by police officials in the present
    case.


10.        I have heard the Ld. Amicus Sh. Shubham Asri for accused Rusy

SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  14 of 55
State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc.
                                                                        -15-

    @ Surender and Rajesh @ Tinku and Sh. R. K. Singh, Ld. Counsel
    for accused Mahesh @ Chikna as well as Sh. Yogesh Pandey, Ld.
    Counsel  for  accused   Ravinder @ Tunda and have also heard Ld.
    Addl. PP for the State Sh. V. K. Negi.


11.        The Ld. Counsel for the accused Mahesh @ Chikna has argued
    that there is no legally admissible evidence qua the accused Mahesh
    @ Chikna barring the disclosure statement of co­accused and that of
    said   accused   himself.   He   has   also   argued   that   nothing   was
    recovered   pursuant   to   the   disclosure   statement   of   said   accused,
    therefore, same is hit by Section 25 of the Evidence Act nor he was
    involved in the transaction in question, therefore, he is liable to be
    acquitted.


12.        With   regard   to   the   other   accused   persons,   the   Ld.   Defence
    counsels have argued that identity of the said accused persons has
    not   been   properly   proved   by   the   prosecution   and   the   incident
    admittedly had taken place in the dead of the night and there was no
    lights available in the house of the deceased and in the rukka the
    complainant had not given the detailed description about the accused
    persons regarding their height, features etc., therefore, the accused
    persons had been falsely implicated in this case in order to solve a
    blind murder case, as two murders had taken place in the same night
    within   a   distance   of   1   KM   and   consequently   police   officials   were

SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  15 of 55
State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc.
                                                                        -16-

    under tremendous pressure to solve the said case somehow. They
    have further argued that the alleged recoveries have been planted
    and no public witness was joined in any of the said recoveries to lend
    assurance to the same. 
           They have also argued that prosecution has failed to prove that
    the   said   clothes   which   were   allegedly   got   recovered   from   the
    accused persons were indeed belonging to the accused persons, as
    the   accused   persons   were   not   made   to   wear   the   said   clothes.
    Further, as per FSL report, the blood group B and A was found on
    the   same,   however,   the   same   does   not   prove   anything   as   many
    persons   on   this   planet   would   be   having   the   same   blood   grouping
    which is very common. They have further argued that as per the FSL
    report there is no evidence that any tool or equipment i.e. rod had
    been used to forcibly enter into the house. They have further argued
    that   nobody   in   the   neighbourhood   had   seen   the   accused   persons
    either entering or leaving the house on the date of the incident. It is
    also submitted that the RC and the other documents allegedly found
    at the place of incident of FIR no. 153/12 have been planted by the
    IO of this case in conjunction with the IO of the other case i.e. PW17
    and   ATM   cards   were   also   planted   upon   the   accused   Rusy   @
    Surender, therefore, they submit that as a whole there are lot of holes
    in the prosecution story, the benefit of which should be given to the
    accused persons and they are liable to be acquitted.



SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  16 of 55
State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc.
                                                                        -17-

13.        On   the   other   hand,   Ld.   Addl.   PP   for   the   State   has   strongly
    controverted   the   above   arguments   and   has   argued   that   from   the
    testimony of complainant PW1 and PW9, the prosecution has totally
    proved its case beyond any shadow of doubt. Both PW1 and PW9
    have deposed that at the time of incident there was sufficient light
    available at the spot as PW1 has deposed that he had put on the
    light when he heard the noise of somebody in his room. PW1 also
    stated that there was light in the passage which gave full light to the
    room, therefore since PW1 and PW9 had seen the accused persons
    from very close distance, therefore, there could not have been any
    doubt in their minds regarding the identity of the accused persons. In
    fact,   PW1   had   also   suffered   injuries   on   his   hand   during   the   said
    scuffle   which   also   supports   and   corroborates   his   version,   he   also
    submits that all the accused persons had refused to undergo TIP as
    they were aware they will be identified by PW1 and PW9 immediately
    after the incident, therefore, despite warning they incurred the said
    risk, which goes against them, therefore he submits that prosecution
    has   been   able   to   establish   the   identity   of   the   accused   persons
    beyond any shadow of doubt.


14.        With regard to the recoveries he has argued that the testimony of
    PW8 SI Avdhesh is corroborated by the testimony of PW23 SI Imtiaz
    Alam and also by the testimony of PW25 IO regarding the arrest of
    the   accused   persons  from   the   park  and  the  recovery  of   two   ATM

SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  17 of 55
State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc.
                                                                        -18-

    cards from the possession of accused Rusy @ Surender belonging to
    PW2   and   recovery   of   knife   from   accused   Rajesh   @   Tinku   and
    Ravinder @ Tunda as also the recovery of their blood stained clothes
    pursuant to the disclosure statement concealed behind the bushes
    which also corroborated the prosecution story. He also submits that
    the   FSL   report   proved   on   the   record   clearly   corroborate   the
    prosecution story. 
           He  has  further  submitted that the TIP of the case property i.e.
    purse found at the spot of FIR No. 153/12 by PW2 Ex. PW2/A clearly
    proves that accused persons were involved in this case as well as in
    FIR   No.   153/12   in   which   they   have   already   been   convicted.
    Therefore, he submits that the prosecution has been able to prove its
    case beyond any reasonable doubt against all the accused persons.


15.        I have gone through the rival contentions.


16.        The   present   case   can   be   discussed   under   the   following
    headings :
    DIRECT TESTIMONIAL EVIDENCE
    PW1 Bhim in his testimonial deposition has deposed as under:
                   "That I am residing at the above mentioned address along
                   with my   parents and four brothers with family and I am
                   running a Cyber Cafe at Karol Bagh, Delhi. On the night
                   intervening of 23/24.07.12, after taking meal.   We left our
                   room for sleeping.  I was sleeping in a room attached with


SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  18 of 55
State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc.
                                                                        -19-

                   the kitchen while my mother Shanti Devi since deceased
                   was   sleeping   in   the   drawing   room.     My   father   was
                   sleeping in another room at the ground floor.   While my
                   brothers and their family were sleeping on first, second
                   and third floor.
                   At   about   1.45   a.m.,   I  heard   the   voice   of   knocking   (khat
                   khat)   from   the   side   of   Almirah   lying   in   my   room.     I
                   immediately woke up and switch on the light.  I found one
                   person   who   was   wearing   cap   on   his   head   leaving   my
                   room   and   entered   in   the   room   where   my   mother   was
                   sleeping.     I   immediately   over   powered   him   and   during
                   scuffle the cap was removed from his head.  I raised alarm
                   Chor Chor and started grappling with him.  Thereafter, my
                   mother also woke up after hearing the noise.  I also found
                   another   boy   found   present   in   the   room   of   my   brother.
                   When he tried to come towards me, he was caught hold
                   by my mother Shanti Devi from his waist in the meanwhile
                   the third person who was present at the gate of my house
                   also entered in the house and he was carrying knife in his
                   hand.  The person who was caught hold by me and other
                   accused   who   was   caught   hold   by   my   mother   exhorted
                   "Chaaku   Mar   Tabhi   Hame   Chodega".     The   third   person
                   who was wearing white colour T shirt had given a knife
                   blow   on   the   person   of   my   mother   Shanti   Devi.     Blood
                   started   oozing   out   from   stabbed   injuries.     When   my
                   mother cried loudly my father Sh. Bishan Lal woke up and
                   came   there.     After   seeing   my   father   there,   the   third
                   accused   who   stabbed   my   mother   ran   away   from   there
                   with knife.  My father helped my mother while she was in
                   drowsy condition.  Due to fear, I also set free accused and
                   thereafter, remaining two accused persons also ran away
                   from   there.     Accused   Rusi   @   Surender   present   in   the
                   court   today   (correctly   identified   by   the   witness)   is   the
                   person who entered my room with whom I grappled and

SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  19 of 55
State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc.
                                                                        -20-

                   accused   Ravinder   @   Tunda,   present   in   the   court   today
                   (correctly   identified   by the  witness)  is the  same  person
                   who was present at the gate and he entered on the asking
                   of other two accused persons and he stabbed my mother
                   with his knife.   Accused Rajesh @ Tinku, present in the
                   court   today   (correctly   identified   by   the   witness)   is   the
                   same person who was caught hold by my mother and he
                   was covering his face with black colour cloth which was
                   removed   from   his   face   during   scuffle.     I   immediately
                   called   my   brothers   and   also   informed   police   at   100
                   number   from   the   mobile   phone   of   my   father.     PCR
                   reached at the spot.  By the time we had kept my mother
                   in our Alto car, PCR arrived and they also asked us and
                   accompanied   us   to   Jaipur   Golden   Hospital   where   my
                   mother Shanti Devi declared as brought dead.   Later on
                   from   my   brother   Dilip   I   came   to   know   that   his   purse
                   containing   ATM   cards,  purse   and   RC   of   his   motorcycle
                   and other articles and cash was found missing from the
                   pocket   of   his   pant   lying   in   my   room.     IO   recorded   my
                   statement in this case and the same is Ex.PW1/A bearing
                   my   signatures   at   point   A.     I   had   told   the   police   the
                   description including the age of those persons and also
                   told them that I can identify them if shown to me.   After
                   the arrest of accused persons, I was informed by the IO
                   that I have to identify the accused persons in judicial TIP.
                   I   accompanied   the   IO   but   I   came   to   know   that   all   the
                   accused   persons   have   refused   to   join   the   TIP
                   proceedings.     IO   prepared   the   site   plan   of   place   of
                   occurrence.   IO called the crime team, photographer and
                   dog squad at the spot who inspected the spot.   IO lifted
                   one   iron   rod   which   accused   person   had   thrown   while
                   running from the spot and same were sealed by the IO in
                   the   pulanda   with   the   seal   of   VJ   and   was   taken   into
                   possession   vide   seizure   memo   Ex.PW1/B   bearing   my

SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  20 of 55
State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc.
                                                                        -21-

                   signatures at point A.   IO also lifted one hander chief of
                   black colour on which human skull was printed and same
                   was   sealed  in   the pulanda with  the seal of VJ and was
                   taken into possession vide memo Ex.PW1/C which bears
                   my signatures at point A.  IO also lifted the blood from the
                   spot and the same were kept in plastic jar and was sealed
                   in   a   pulanda   with   the   seal   of   VJ   and   was   taken   into
                   possession   vide   memo   Ex.PW1/D   which   bears   my
                   signatures at point A.  IO also lifted blood stains from the
                   main gate of my house, from the door of the house and
                   the   same   were   kept   in   separate   envelopes   and   were
                   sealed with the seal of VJ and these samples were taken
                   into   possession   vide   memo   Ex.PW1/E   bearing   my
                   signatures at point A.  IO also lifted earth control without
                   blood from the floor and same was kept in plastic jar and
                   sealed in the pulanda with the help of doctor tape with the
                   seal   of   VJ   and   was   taken   into   possession   vide   memo
                   Ex.PW1/F bearing my signatures at point A.  IO also lifted
                   the   blood   stained   earth   control   (floor   pieces)   from   the
                   spot and same were sealed in the jar with the seal of VJ
                   and   was   taken   into   possession   vide   memo   Ex.PW1/G
                   bearing   my   signatures   at   point   A.     IO   recorded   my
                   supplementary statement in this regard on 24.07.12. 
                   I can identify the case property, if shown to me. 
                   At this stage, MHC(M) has produced one sealed pullanda
                   sealed with the seal of FSL.  Same is opened and  it found
                   to   contain   an   iron   rod   about   42   c.m.   in   length   (screw
                   driver   type)   and   shown   to   the   witness   who   correctly
                   identified the same rod which was lying at the spot and
                   the same was left at the spot by accused persons while
                   running from the spot.  Rod is Ex.P­1.
                   MHC(M)   has   produced   another   sealed   pullanda   sealed
                   with the seal of FSL.   Same is opened and   it found to
                   contain black and white colour printed handkerchief and

SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  21 of 55
State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc.
                                                                        -22-

                   shown to the witness who correctly identified the same
                   being   the   said   handkerchief  which  accused  Rajesh  was
                   wearing.  Same is Ex.P­2".

17.        The aforesaid witness was subjected to cross­examination. In his
    cross­examination, he submitted that he cannot tell the exact time
    when he got awake. The light of the room of his mother was off, but
    during the incident he put on the light. He also stated that there was
    light   in   the   passage   which   gives   full   light   to   the   room.   He   after
    apprehending   the   accused,   raised   an   alarm.   None   of   his   brothers
    came for help as they were sleeping in AC rooms so they may not
    have heard the alarm. 
           From the testimony of PW1, it has emerged that accused Rusy @
    Surender was the person with whom he grappled at the time of the
    incident,   whereas  accused  Ravinder   @  Tunda was  present  at  the
    gate, who at exhortation of others stabbed his mother, whereas the
    accused Rajesh @ Tinku was the person, who was caught by his
    mother and his cap was also removed during the scuffle. 


18.        The testimony of PW1 is duly corroborated by the testimony of
    PW9 Bishan Lal, the husband of the deceased regarding the time,
    place as well as the manner of the incident. He has also stated that
    he found accused Rusy @ Surender grappling with his son and two
    boys were standing at outside the door of the house. Both of whom
    he identified including the accused Rusy @ Surender. He also stated


SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  22 of 55
State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc.
                                                                        -23-

    that   the   blood   was   oozing   out   from   the   injuries   of   his   wife.   He
    immediately   supported   his   wife   and   asked   his   Bhim   to   inform   the
    police. In the meanwhile, his other son also reached there and all the
    accused persons escaped from the spot. 
           The   aforesaid   witness   was   cross­examined.   He   stated   in   his
    cross­examination that his son Dilip had told him about the missing of
    his   purse   and   the   documents.   He   has   also   stated   to   the   police
    regarding   the   missing   of   purse   of   his   son   Dilip.   However,   his
    statement   was   not   recorded   by   the   police   to   this   effect.   He   also
    stated   that   none   of   his sons chased the accused persons and he
    cannot tell the colour of the clothes of the accused persons at the
    time   of   the   incident.   He   also   stated   in   his   cross­examination   that
    when   he   got   up   light   was   already   on,   but   he   had   not   seen   the
    stabbing incident. The lock of the gate of his house was broken and it
    was free.


19.        The another witness PW2 is Dilip, another son of the deceased,
    who has also deposed regarding the fact that his mother on the date
    of the incident was sleeping in the drawing room on the ground floor
    and his brother Bhim and father Bishan Lal were sleeping in separate
    rooms on the ground floor of his house. His purse containing driving
    license   of   his   brother   Prem,   his   voter   I   card,   two   ATM   cards   and
    some visiting cards and cash amount of Rs.160/­ were lying in his
    pant, which he had hanged on a hanger of his brother Bhim, as he

SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  23 of 55
State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc.
                                                                        -24-

    had changed his pant in the room where he used to sleep. 
           When he was sleeping, suddenly in the night his bhabhi knocked
    the door, he woke up and immediately came down as his bhabhi told
    him   that   some   thieves   had   came   into   the   house.   When   he   came
    down, he saw his injured mother was being removed in the car. PCR
    van had also reached in the meanwhile and then took her to Jaipur
    Golden   Hospital.   He   also   stated   that   he   had   participated   in   the
    judicial   TIP   before   the   Ld.   MM   and   identified   the     purse   vide   TIP
    proceedings Ex. PW2/A. He also identified the said dark brown purse
    as   Ex.   P3.   He   was   also   cross­examined.   He  stated  that   his  elder
    brother Prem was sleeping on first floor and on the second floor his
    brother Rajender was sleeping and on the third floor he was sleeping
    and on the ground floor his brother Bhim, his father and mother were
    sleeping. He used to keep his clothes on the ground floor in the room
    of his brother Bhim as he was unmarried at that time. He also stated
    that it was correct that such like purse was easily available in the
    market and many neighbourers had gathered at the spot.


20.        The testimony of this witness is relevant under Section 7 of the
    Evidence Act, post the transaction of injuring the deceased Shanti
    Devi  and   it   also   shows that he had immediately reached the spot
    after the incident of stabbing.


21.        The   testimonies   of   PW1   and   PW9   duly   corroborate   the

SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  24 of 55
State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc.
                                                                        -25-

    prosecution story regarding the time, place as well as the manner of
    the incident. The purpose of corroboration in any criminal trial is to
    rule out any errors of perception, which may occur in the testimony of
    a single witness due to various reasons, since if two person similarly
    situated   depose   about   the   incident   in   a   similar   way,   there   the
    chances of error in the testimony of one witness is ruled out by the
    principle   of   confirmation   of   facts   or   corroboration.   Therefore,   it   is
    clearly   established   by   the   prosecution   that   accused   Rusy   @
    Surender, Rajesh @ Tinku and Ravinder @ Tunda were present at
    the house of deceased at the time of the incident.


    IDENTITY OF THE ACCUSED
           Regarding the identity of the accused, PW1 in his examination­in­
    chief had stated that when he woke up he switched on the light and
    further in his cross­examination he stated that the light of the room of
    his mother was off, but during the incident he put on the light. He also
    stated that there was light in the passage, which gives full light to the
    room. Similarly, PW9 in his cross­examination had stated that  when
    he got up light was already on. From the testimonies of PW1 and
    PW9, it is crystal clear that there was sufficient illumination available
    at the spot to see the faces of the accused persons.   In fact, PW1
    had grappled with one of the accused and in the scuffle, he had also
    received   minor   injuries   which   are   corroborated   by   his   MLC   Ex.
    PW5/A as he had received an abrasion on his left forearm, which

SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  25 of 55
State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc.
                                                                        -26-

    injury was found to be simple. And PW9 had also woken up due to
    the commotion and he had seen all the three accused persons from
    close quarters. 
           PW1 has also stated that when he overpowered the person i.e.
    Rusy @ Surender, his cap was removed, therefore, he had sufficient
    opportunity to see him and his face from very close range. Since the
    entire incident had taken place in a very small area and the light was
    on, therefore, both PW1 and PW9 had clear view regarding the faces
    and other features of the identities of the accused persons, merely
    because their identity had not mentioned in the rukka does not make
    any   difference,   as   the   rukka   was   written   immediately   after   the
    incident after the mother of PW1 and wife of PW9 had died due to the
    fatal injuries received by her in the said incident, consequently, the
    entire family would have been in a condition of utter shock, even then
    the   description   of   the   assailants   /   accused   persons   has   been
    mentioned in the rukka Ex. PW1/A though it was not expected that
    PW1   would   reproduce   the   photogenic   features   of   all   the   accused
    persons immediately after the incident despite being in the condition
    of utter shock.


22.        All the accused persons refused to go undergo TIP. Their refusals
    are Ex.   PX1  to  Ex.  PXIV despite warning by the Ld. MM that the
    same   may   go   against   them.   The   said   fact   also   goes   against   the
    accused persons that they did not wanted to participate in the TIP

SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  26 of 55
State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc.
                                                                        -27-

    proceedings to test the observational sensitivity of PW1 and PW9,
    i.e.   to   say   whether   they   had   indeed   seen   them   stabbing   the
    deceased   Shanti   Devi   and   thereafter   running   away.     Their
    explanation that they had been shown to the witnesses in the police
    station does not hold any ground, as the IO PW25 has deposed that
    after the medical examination all the accused persons were produced
    in muffled face and on the next day on production of the accused
    persons, he moved an application before Ld. MM for conducting the
    TIP   of   the   accused   persons,   but   the   accused   persons   refused   to
    undergo TIP. 
           PW1 has stated that he had told the description including the age
    of the persons to the police and told them that he can identify them if
    shown to him and after the arrest of the accused persons, he was
    informed   by   the   IO   that   he   has   to   identify   them   in   the   TIP.   He
    accompanied   the   IO   but   he   informed   by   the   IO   that   the   accused
    persons had refused to undergo TIP. Similarly PW9 had stated that
    on   09.08.2012,   he   had   come   to  Rohini  Court   and   on   that   day   he
    identified   all   the   three   accused   persons   who   were   brought   in   the
    court in police custody and also correctly pointed out towards them.


23.        Since   the   accused   persons   had   refused   to   undergo   TIP   on
    30.07.2012   and   three   of   the   accused   persons   namely   Rusy   @
    Surender,   Rajesh   @   Tinku   and   Ravinder   @   Tunda   were   duly
    identified by PW9,  who had actually seen them at the time of the

SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  27 of 55
State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc.
                                                                        -28-

    incident   while   being   present   in   his   house   immediately   after   the
    incident   of   stabbing   of   his   wife,   consequently,   his   observational
    sensitivity   to   find   out   as   to   who   the   said   persons   were   had   been
    tested   in   the   Rohini   court   on   09.08.2012,   as   there   was   no   other
    alternative for the investigating agency to do the same, once accused
    persons   had   refused   to   undergo   TIP   on   30.07.2012.     Therefore,
    identity of the accused persons namely Rusy @ Surender, Rajesh @
    Tinku and Ravinder @ Tunda have been clearly established as PW1
    and   PW9   had   sufficient   opportunity   to   see   them   as   there   was
    sufficient illumination available at the said place to clearly see their
    faces.   And   the   incident   had   taken   place   in   a   very   small   area,
    therefore, the PW1 and PW9 had seen the above accused persons
    from a very close range, therefore, there could not have been any
    doubt in their minds regarding the identity of the accused persons.
           Similarly,   the   observational   sensitivity   of   PW1   had   also   been
    tested immediately after the incident and he also correctly identified
    the accused persons in his deposition recorded on 05.09.2013. The
    faces of all the above accused persons must have been etched in
    their   memories,   therefore,   any   chances   of   errors   in   perception   or
    observation are ruled out in these circumstances,   further sufficient
    time was available with PW1 & PW9 to clearly observe the physical
    traits and other facial features of accused persons, as PW1 & PW9
    have stated that had clearly seen the faces of the accused persons
    from   very   close   distance.   Consequently,   there   is   no   doubt

SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  28 of 55
State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc.
                                                                        -29-

    whatsoever regarding the identity of the accused Rusy @ Surender,
    Rajesh @ Tinku and Ravinder @ Tunda.


    RECOVERIES
           Regarding   the   recovery   part,   in   this   regard   the   testimonies   of
    PW8 SI Avdhesh, PW23 SI Imtiaz Alam and PW25 Inspector V.  N.
    Jha, IO are relevant.  The relevant portion of the testimony of PW25
    IO in this regard is reproduced as under :
                   "That on 25.07.2012, SI Imtiaz Alam, SI Awdhesh and HC
                   Rajesh joined the investigation with me and we went in
                   search of accused persons involved in this case. On the
                   way, I made inquiries from various persons and also met
                   the complainant Bhim and his father Bishan Lal and they
                   were   also   briefed   and   both   of   them   also   joined   the
                   investigation   and   they   gave   me   the   descriptions   of
                   accused   persons.   I   also   briefed   the   beat   staff   in   this
                   regard.   When   we   reached   near   H­32   park,   Sector­3,
                   Rohini,   Ct.   Raj   Kumar,   beat   staff   met   me   and   informed
                   that as per the given descriptions three boys of the same
                   description were present inside the park and on receiving
                   this   information,   all   of   us   went   there   and   found   three
                   persons   were   sitting   inside   the   park   and   they   were
                   apprehended,   who   disclosed   their   names   as   Rusy   @


SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  29 of 55
State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc.
                                                                        -30-

                   Surender,   accused  present  in  the court  today (correctly
                   identified by the witness), Rajesh @ Tinku accused also
                   present   in   the   court   today   (correctly   identified   by   the
                   witness) and Ravinder @ Tunda accused also present in
                   the court today (correctly identified by the witness).
                   They were interrogated. On the formal search of accused
                   Rusy   @   Surender,   one   iron   rod   from   the   left   dub   was
                   recovered and one silver coin alongwith two ATM cards
                   were   recovered   from   his   back   pocket.   Same   were
                   separately   converted  into  pulandas  and   sealed  with  the
                   seal of VJ and taken into possession vide seizure memos
                   already Ex PW11/A, Ex. PW11/B and Ex. PW11/C all these
                   memos bears my signatures at point C respectively.
                   On   the   formal   search   of   accused   Rajesh   @   Tinku,   one
                   buttondar knife was recovered from the dub of his pant,
                   one   silver   coin   was   also   recovered   from   the   left   side
                   pocket of his pant. I prepared the sketch of knife which is
                   already   Ex.   PW11/D   and   same   was   measured   and
                   converted into a pulanda and sealed with the seal of VJ
                   and taken into possession vide seizure memo already Ex.
                   PW11/E which bears my signatures at point C and silver
                   coin was also converted into a pulanda and sealed with
                   the   seal   of   VJ   and   taken   into   possession   vide   seizure

SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  30 of 55
State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc.
                                                                        -31-

                   memo   already   Ex.   PW11/F   which   also   bears   my
                   signatures at point C. 
                   On the formal search of accused Ravinder @ Tunda, one
                   buttondar knife was recovered from the right side dub of
                   his pant and one silver coin was also recovered from the
                   left side pocket of his pant. I prepared the sketch of knife
                   which is already Ex. PW11/G and same was measured and
                   converted into a pulanda and sealed with the seal of VJ
                   and taken into possession vide seizure memo already Ex.
                   PW11/H which bears my signatures at point C and silver
                   coin was also converted into a pulanda and sealed with
                   the   seal   of   VJ   and   taken   into   possession   vide   seizure
                   memo already Ex. PW11/I which also bears my signatures
                   at point C. 
                   Accused   Rusy   @   Surender,   Ravinder   @   Tunda   and
                   Rajesh @ Tinku were arrested vide arrest memos already
                   Ex. PW11/L, Ex. PW11/K and Ex. PW11/J which also bears
                   my signatures at point C respectively and their personal
                   search were conducted vide memos already Ex. PW11/O,
                   Ex. PW11/N and Ex. PW11/M, all these memos also bears
                   my signatures at point C respectively.
                   Thereafter,   all   the   three   accused   persons   separately
                   disclosed   their  disclosure statements which  are already

SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  31 of 55
State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc.
                                                                        -32-

                   Ex. PW11/R, Ex. PW11/Q and Ex. PW11/P which also bears
                   my signatures at point C respectively. 
                   Accused   Rajesh   @   Tinku,   Ravinder   @   Tunda   and
                   Surender   @   Rusy   were   taken   to   the   hospital   for   their
                   medical examination and efforts were also made to trace
                   the other associates of accused persons but all in vain. 
                   On   the   same   day   i.e.   in   the   morning   of   26.07.12   at   the
                   instance   of   all   the   three   accused   persons,   we
                   apprehended   one   another   accused   namely   Mahesh   @
                   Chikna   and   Amit   @   Gora.   Accused   Mahesh   @   Chikna
                   present in the court today (correctly identified).   Amit @
                   Gora was juvenile (tried in JJB). SI Avdhesh apprehended
                   the accused Amit @ Gora whereas accused Mahesh was
                   apprehended by SI Imtiaz Alam, from near BSA Hospital,
                   Rohini. On enquiry, accused Amit @ Gora was found to
                   be juvenile, the mother of the accused Amit @ Gora was
                   also called and SI Ravi from PS. South Rohini was called
                   for interrogation and investigation in respect of juvenile
                   accused Amit @ Gora. I arrested the accused Mahesh @
                   Chikna   Kalia   and   prepared   arrest   memo   already   Ex.
                   PW8/A   which   bears   my   signature   at   point   C   and   also
                   conducted his personal search memo already Ex. PW8/B
                   which   also   bears   my   signature   at   point   C.   I   also

SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  32 of 55
State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc.
                                                                        -33-

                   thoroughly   interrogated   the   accused   Mahesh   and
                   recorded   his   disclosure   statement   already   Ex.   PW8/C
                   which also bears my signature at point C. 
                   Thereafter,   at  the instance of accused  Ravinder, Rajesh
                   and Rusy @ Surender, we reached the park situated in the
                   BSA Hospital and from near bushes, accused Ravinder @
                   Tunda   got   recovered   one   blood   stained   jeans   and   one
                   white T­shirt, I kept the same in a transparent polythene
                   and the same was kept in a piece of cloth duly stitched
                   and sealed with the seal of VJ and pullanda was marked
                   as   BSC­1.     The   same   were   taken   into   possession   vide
                   seizure   memo   already   Ex.   PW8/D   which   bears   my
                   signature at point C. 
                   At   the   instance   of   accused   Rajesh   @   Tinku,   one   blood
                   stained T­shirt and light blue colour pant were recovered.
                   I kept the same in a transparent polythene and the same
                   was kept in a piece of cloth duly stitched and sealed with
                   the seal of VJ and pullanda was marked as BSC­2.   The
                   same   were   taken   into   possession   vide   seizure   memo
                   already Ex. PW8/E which bears my signature at point C. 
                   Thereafter, accused Rusy @ Surender got recovered one
                   blood stained T­shirt and one denim pant. I kept the same
                   in a transparent polyethene and the same was kept in a

SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  33 of 55
State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc.
                                                                        -34-

                   piece of cloth duly stitched and sealed with the seal of VJ
                   and pullanda was marked as BSC­3.  The same were taken
                   into   possession   vide   seizure   memo   already   Ex.   PW8/F
                   which bears my signature at point C".


24.        The   testimony   of   the   IO   PW25   on   the   aspect   of   recovery
    converges with   the   testimonies of PW8 SI Avdhesh and PW23 SI
    Imtiaz Alam, who have also deposed on the same lines. As per their
    testimonies, accused Rajesh @ Tinku was apprehended by PW8 and
    one   buttondar   knife   and   one   silver   coin   was   recovered   from   his
    possession which was seized vide memo Ex. PW11/E (K1). Similarly,
    the   accused   Ravinder   @   Tunda   was   apprehended   by   PW25   and
    from his possession one knife and one silver coin was also recovered
    which   were   also   seized   vide   memo   Ex.   PW11/H   (K2).   Lastly   the
    accused   Rusy   @   Surender   was   apprehended   by   PW23   SI   Imtiaz
    Alam   and   one   iron   rod,   one   silver   coin   and   two   ATM   cards   were
    recovered from his possession, which were also seized vide memo
    Ex. PW11/A and Ex PW11/B.


25.        Pursuant   to   the   disclosure   statement   of   accused   Ravinder   @
    Tunda, Ex PW11/Q, he got recovered his blood stained clothes i.e.
    one white T­shirt and one black pant concealed under the bushes of
    BSA Hospital, Rohini, which was seized vide memo Ex. PW8/D. 
           Similarly, pursuant to the disclosure statement of accused Rajesh

SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  34 of 55
State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc.
                                                                        -35-

    @   Tinku,   Ex.   PW11/P,   he   also   got   recovered   his   blood   stained
    clothes i.e. from the same place one blue colour T­shirt and one light
    blue colour pant which was also seized vide memo Ex. PW8/E. 
           Similarly, pursuant to the disclosure statement of accused Rusy
    @ Surender, Ex. PW11/R, he also got recovered his blood stained
    clothes i.e. one T­shirt and one denim pant concealed from the same
    place which was seized vide memo Ex. PW8/F.


26.        The   Ld.   Defence   counsels   have   argued   admittedly   no   public
    witness was joined in any of those recovery proceedings. Neither any
    public witness was joined at the time of arrest of the accused persons
    near   the   park,   which   was   surrounded   by   number   of   residential
    houses and also at the time of recovery of the alleged blood stained
    clothes of the accused persons, as the said place was also a public
    place. They have further argued that in any case the said place from
    where the alleged recovery of blood stained clothes was made was
    an open place accessible to the public at large, therefore anybody
    else may have thrown those clothes there. In any case, number of
    persons on this planet are having the same blood grouping as was
    found on the said clothes and in any case the said clothes did not
    belong to the accused persons.


27.        Regarding   the   first   contention,   no   public   witness   was   joined   in
    recoveries, it is well known that public witnesses are most wary to

SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  35 of 55
State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc.
                                                                        -36-

    join any investigations these days due to assorted factors as they do
    not want to depose in the court or to take side with any of the parties.
    It is not the quantity of the witnesses, but the quality thereof, which is
    necessary to prove the prosecution case.   In this regard, the law is
    well settled in  Sanjay alias Kaka Vs. State of NCT of Delhi AIR
    2001 SC 979 as under : 
                  "That   no   independent   witnesses   were   associated
                  with recovery (discovery) under S. 27 Evidence Act
                  is not sufficient to create doubt regarding truth of
                  prosecution version."

           In view of the said judgment the non joining of the public witness
    is not fatal to the prosecution case. 


28.        Regarding the next contention of Ld. counsel for the accused that
    from the clothes of accused Ravinder @ Tunda Ex. 13 which was
    sent to FSL and regarding which FSL report Ex. PW22/A has been
    proved   on   the   record.   The   blood   grouping   on   those   clothes   was
    found B grouping and as per the Ex. 4 and Ex. 5 as well as Ex. AB
    the blood group of deceased was also having B grouping. However,
    on   the   clothes   of   the   accused   Rajesh   @   Tinku   Ex.   14,   the   blood
    grouping was found A and that of accused Rusy @ Surender Ex. 15
    again blood grouping A was found which did not match with that of
    the deceased. 
           No   doubt   there   are   above   mentioned   discrepancies.   But   the


SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  36 of 55
State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc.
                                                                        -37-

    prosecution has furnished an cogent explanation in this regard as two
    murders had  taken  place in the same night at a short distance of
    each other in the same area, therefore, the blood groping A found on
    the clothes of accused Rajesh @ Tinku and that of accused Rusy @
    Surender could be of other victim in fact, as per the prosecution story
    all the accused persons involved in this case, were also involved in
    the said case and in fact three of the accused persons have already
    been convicted in FIR no. 153/12, PS South Rohini.


29.        Regarding the clothes, whether belonging to accused persons or
    not?   Accused   persons   never   stated   at   the   time   of   production   or
    exhibition of the said clothes in the court by PW23 and PW25 in their
    examination­in­chief,   that   the  said   clothes   did   not   belong   to   them,
    therefore, this plea does not hold any force.


30.        In fact, from the possession of accused Rusy @ Surender, two
    ATM cards were also found at the time of his arrest on one of which
    the word 'Dilip Kumar' was written which belonged to PW2. The said
    PW2   Dilip   also   identified   the   purse   and   the   other   documents
    belonging to him in the court and which were collectively exhibited as
    Ex. P3. No explanation has been furnished by accused Rusy as to
    how he was found in possession of ATM cards belonging to PW2 at
    the time of his arrest. The explanation of PW2 that he used to keep
    his clothes on the ground floor in the room of his brother Bhim i.e.

SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  37 of 55
State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc.
                                                                        -38-

    PW1   as   he   was   unmarried   at   that   time   is   found   to   be   logical   as
    generally in joint families there is a community of interest and unity of
    possession with respect to the joint family property, therefore, there is
    nothing unnatural about PW2 keeping his clothes in the room of PW1
    for the sake of convenience.


31.        PW2 also identified the purse in the TIP proceedings of the case
    property Ex. PW2/A recovered at another spot i.e. the scene of the
    crime   of   FIR   No.   153/12,   PS   South   Rohini   i.e.   H.   No.   D­17/252,
    Sector­3,   Rohini,   where  another  incident  regarding  stabbing  of  old
    lady   namely   Rasam   Rani   had   taken   place.   In   this   regard,   PW17
    Inspector Anil Kumar, IO of that case has deposed that he went to
    the spot of the said case on 24.07.2012, one purse was produced by
    one Jyoti D/o Rasam Rani which was found by her in the clothes kept
    on   the   chair   on   the   covered   lobby   and   the   said   purse   was   not
    belonging   to   the   inhabitants   of   the   said   house   which   was   brown
    coloured. On checking the purse, it was found to contain one original
    RC   DL­8SAQ­1008,   Pulsar   motorcycle,   one   voter   I­card   of   Dilip
    Kumar S/o Bishan Lal R/o G­30/340­341, Sector­3, Rohini, duplicate
    DL, whose number he had mentioned in the seizure memo belonging
    to Prem Chand S/o Bishan Lal, two passport size photographs and
    some   other   documents   including   visiting   cards   and   the   said
    documents were seized vide memo Ex. PW17/A. The said witness
    was cross­examined. 

SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  38 of 55
State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc.
                                                                        -39-

           In his cross­examination, he stated that he was in touch with the
    IO of this case, which is logical as two murders had taken place in
    the same area in a short span of time, therefore, both the IOs must
    have been sharing the information with each other to work out the
    case. He also admitted that purse Ex. P3 was easily available in the
    market and the TIP of the purse was not conducted by him in the
    present   FIR   which   is   also   a   logical   explanation   as   the   TIP   of   the
    purse was got conducted by the IO of the present case.


32.        PW25 has also deposed on this aspect that on 01.08.2012, he
    received the copy of seizure memo of said purse from the IO of case
    FIR No. 153/12, PS South Rohini as the said case property was part
    of this case. The said seizure memo is Ex. PW17/B.
           Since the said purse was discovered by the IO of FIR no. 153/12,
    by   sheer   act   of   serendipity,   therefore,   there   are   no   chances   of
    planting of the same upon the accused persons, as the said recovery
    was made immediately by the IO of that case, when he went to the
    spot of the said case looking for clues and the said purse, in fact had
    been handed over to him by the inhabitants of the said house as not
    belonging to them. 
           No doubt the said kind of purses would be freely available in the
    market,   however,   a   person   has   uncanny   knack   of   identifying   the
    things belonging to him or her due to long usage. Specially the purse
    and the mobiles which are generally kept by the individuals with them

SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  39 of 55
State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc.
                                                                        -40-

    all the time, therefore, one can identify them due to peculiar features
    on them, due to the long association and usage over the period of
    time. 
             It   has   been   held   in  Earabhadrappa,   Appellant   v.   State   of
    Karnataka,   Respondent.   AIR   1983   SUPREME   COURT   446  as

under : 

  12. ...... Even if the seized ornaments could be treated   to   be   ornaments   in   common   use,   this witness could never make a mistake in identifying the seized six silk sarees (M. Os. 10 to 15). It is a matter of common knowledge that ladies have an uncanny sense of identifying their own belongings, particularly articles of personal use in the family.

That   apart,   the   description   of   the   silk   sarees   in question   shows   that   they  were  expensive   sarees with  distinctive designs. There is no merit in the contention   that  the  testimony of  these  witnesses as regards the identify of the seized articles to be stolen property cannot be relied upon for want of prior   test   identification.   There   is   no   such   legal requirement.

13.  This   is   a case where murder and  robbery are proved to have been integral parts of one and SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  40 of 55 State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc. -41- the   same   transaction   and   therefore   the presumption   arising   under   Illustration  (a)   to   Sec. 114   of   the   Evidence   Act   is   that   not   only,   the appellant   committed   the   murder   of   the   deceased but also committed robbery of her gold ornaments which form part of the same transaction.........

The   appellant   had   no   satisfactory   explanation   to offer for his possession of the stolen property. On the   contrary,   he   denied   that   the   stolen   property was recovered from him. The false denial by itself is   an   incriminating   circumstance.   The   nature   of presumption under Illustration (a) to See. 114, must depend upon the nature of the evidence adduced. No fixed time limit can be laid down to determine whether   possession   is   recent   or   otherwise   and each   case   must  be  judged  on  its  own  facts.  The question as to what amounts to recent possession sufficient to justify the presumption of guilt varies according   as   the   stolen   article   is   or   is   not calculated to pass readily from hand to hand. If the stolen articles were such as were not likely to pass readily from hand to hand, the period of one year that   elapsed   cannot   be   said   to   be   too   long SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  41 of 55 State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc. -42- particularly   when   the   appellant   had   been absconding during that period. There was no lapse of   time   between   the   date   of   his   arrest   and   the recovery of the stolen property.

33. The   above   judgment   is   squarely   applicable   to   the   facts   of   the present case, though in the present case PW2 was not a female, but the same logic applies to the articles of personal belongings as one has  uncanny knack  of  identifying his/her  personal belongings from several   other   articles.   The   recovery   of   the   robbed   articles immediately after the incident of murder and robbery from possession of   accused   persons   clearly   attracts   presumption   u/s   114   (a)   of Evidence   Act   taking   into   account   the   common   course   of   natural events   and   human   conduct   specially,   when   the   accused   persons Rusy  @  Surender,   Rajesh @  Tinku and Ravinder   @ Tunda  have failed   to   give   any   plausible   explanations   in   this   regard   in   their statements u/s 313 Cr.P.C. barring simple denial.

34. The recovery of the purse and the documents belonging to PW2 and   also   the   ATM   cards   from   one   of   the   accused   persons immediately  after   the   incident  clearly  shows  their   culpability  in  the present case for which no explanation has been furnished. The said circumstance strongly goes against them.

SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  42 of 55 State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc. -43-

35. Regarding the recovery of knives, no doubt, no finger print was found on those knives, but they were recovered from the possession of the accused persons and the said knives are not ordinary kitchen knives which are generally used by career criminals. As per the PW1, his mother was stabbed by the accused Ravinder @ Tunda with the knife, which is also corroborated by the postmortem report in which stab incised wound was found on the back of the left side of the chest of   the   deceased   and   the   knife   which   was   got   recovered   by   the accused Ravinder @ Tunda, which was seized vide Ex. PW11/D it was also sent for subsequent opinion and as per subsequent opinion the stab injuries found on the body of the deceased could be caused by the said weapon vide subsequent opinion Ex. PW14/B, therefore, the said subsequent opinion rules out the possibility of planting the knife   upon   the   accused   Ravinder   @   Tunda,   as   the   death   of   the deceased as per the opinion of autopsy surgeon had taken place due to the injuries caused by said knife.

OTHER CORROBORATIVE EVIDENCE MEDICAL EVIDENCE

36. As per the MLC of the deceased Shanti Devi Ex. PW3/A, which was prepared at Jaipur Golden Hospital on 24.07.12, at 2:30 am, a lacerated   wound   of   5   cm   was   found   on   the   inter   scapular   region which is region between the scapulae or shoulder blades.

37. Similarly, the MLC of the PW1 Bhim has been proved by PW5, as SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  43 of 55 State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc. -44- per  which  a  abrasion   was found on his left forearm  on the lateral aspect approximately 3 x .5  x .2 cm. The said injury was opined to be simple in nature. The testimony of PW1 that he had grappled with one of the accused is corroborated by the said injury, which he may have received during the said scuffle. The PW1 has also stated that accused Ravinder @ Tunda was the person whom he also identified, who had stabbed his mother with a knife blow on her body and blood started oozing out from the stab injuries.

38. PW9 Bishan Lal has also deposed that he got up from the sleep after hearing the noise of "chor­chor maar diya, maar diya" and he saw the accused persons in his house and found blood oozing from the injuries of his wife and the blood was also lying on the floor in the lobby.

39. The autopsy surgeon in his postmortem report Ex. PW14/A had found following injuries on the body of deceased:

  External injuries  :­ Incised stab wound 3.7 cm x 1 cm x cavity deep   present   over   the   back   of   left   side   of   chest   8   cm   from   the midline, 20 cm from the left shoulder. The wound was horizontally placed   with   clean   cut   margins   and   one   angle   acute   and   another comparatively obtuse.   Cut intercostal muscles and rib was visible through the wound. Fluid blood was coming out of the wound.    Internal   Injuries   in   chest  :­       On   reflection   of   chest   wall,   the external injury was found to be upto the pleural cavity.  Extravasation SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  44 of 55 State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc. -45- of blood was present surrounding the track of the injury.   Collar   bone,   sternum   and   Ribs   showed   no   fractures.   The intercostal   muscles   were  cut  between  9 th  and  10th  rib  beneath the external injury with nicks on the adjoining ribs.   Pleural cavities contained about 300 cc of fluid and clotted blood.   Left lung was lacerated 3 cm x 1 cm on the posterior surface of the lower lobe.  The wound was 4.5 cm deep.    Both lungs were collapsed and pale. All internal organs were pale. Opinion :
  After postmortem, he opined that death was due to hemorrhagic shock consequent to penetrating injury to the chest caused via injury no.1.   All injures were antemortem, fresh at the time of death and injury no.1 was sufficient to cause death in the ordinary course of nature. 
  His   detailed   postmortem   report   running   into   seven   pages including the diagram, is Ex. PW­14/A bearing his signatures at point A on each page.  

40. On   27.08.2012,   he   examined   a   weapon   i.e.   knife,   produced before   him   regarding   the   injuries   caused   to   the   deceased.     After examining the weapon, he opined that the injuries mentioned in the PM report could be caused by the weapon examined.   His detailed report including the diagram in this regard is   Ex. PW­14/B  bearing his signatures at point A. SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  45 of 55 State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc. -46-

41. It appears that inadvertently the exhibit mark was not put on the said postmortem report Ex. PW14/A on the case file, but the same has been duly proved in the testimony of PW14 Dr. Vijay Dhankar. The   subsequent   opinion   of   the   said   forensic   expert   that   the   said injury was possible with the knife, which was seized from accused Ravinder @ Tunda which was also sent to him for evaluation clearly proves   that   the   said   injuries   on   the   body   of   deceased   had   been caused   by   the   accused   Ravinder   @   Tunda,   which   is   also corroborated by the ocular version of PW1. 

  Therefore, the postmortem report coupled with the other medical evidence discussed above clearly proves that the said fatal injury had been caused by the accused Ravinder @ Tunda at the exhortation given by the other two accused persons namely Rusy @ Surender and Rajesh @ Tinku. Therefore, the medical evidence in this case also corroborates the ocular version of PW1 and PW9 with regard to the incident of stabbing of their mother/wife Shanti Devi.

COMMON INTENTION

42. The law regarding the common intention has been laid down  in the   judgment   titled   as  Girija   Shankar   Vs.   State   of   U.P.,   Appeal (crl.) 1034 of 1997 on 04.02.2004 of Hon'ble Supreme Court of India as under:

"Section 34 has been enacted on the principle of SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  46 of 55 State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc. -47- joint   liability   in   the   doing   of   a   criminal   act.   The Section   is   only   a   rule   of   evidence   and   does   not create   a   substantive   offence.   The   distinctive feature   of   the   Section   is   the   element   of participation in action. The liability of one person for an offence committed by another in the course of   criminal   act   perpetrated   by   several   persons arises under Section 34 if such criminal act is done in   furtherance   of   a   common   intention   of   the persons who join in committing the crime. Direct proof   of   common   intention   is   seldom   available and, therefore, such intention can only be inferred from the circumstances appearing from the proved facts of the case and the proved circumstances. In order   to   bring   home   the   charge   of   common intention,   the   prosecution   has   to   establish   by evidence,   whether   direct   or   circumstantial,   that there   was   plan   or   meeting   of   mind   of   all   the accused persons to commit the offence for which they are charged with the aid of Section 34, be it pre­arranged or on the spur of moment; but it must necessarily be before the commission of the crime. The true concept of Section is that if two or more SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  47 of 55 State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc. -48- persons intentionally do an act jointly, the position in law is just the same as if each of them has done it   individually   by   himself.   As   observed   in   Ashok Kumar  v.  State of Punjab (AIR 1977 SC 109), the existence   of   a   common   intention   amongst   the participants in a crime is the essential element for application of this Section. It is not necessary that the   acts   of   the   several   persons   charged   with commission of an offence jointly must be the same or identically similar. The acts may be different in character, but must have been actuated by one and the same common intention in order to attract the provision.
The Section does not say "the common intention of all", nor does it say" and intention common to all".

Under the provisions of Section 34 the essence of the   liability   is   to   be   found   in   the   existence   of   a common   intention  animating  the accused  leading to the doing of a criminal act in furtherance of such intention.   As   a   result   of   the   application   of principles   enunciated   in   Section   34,   when   an accused is convicted under Section 302 read with Section   34,   in   law   it   means   that   the   accused   is SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  48 of 55 State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc. -49- liable   for   the   act   which   caused   death   of   the deceased in the same manner as if it was done by him alone. The provision is intended to meet a case in which it may be difficult to distinguish between acts of individual members of a party who act in furtherance   of   the   common   intention   of   all   or   to prove exactly what part was taken by each of them. As   was   observed   in   Ch.  Pulla  Reddy  and  Ors.  v.

State   of   Andhra   Pradesh   (AIR   1993   SC   1899), Section 34 is applicable even if no injury has been caused   by   the   particular   accused   himself.   For applying   Section   34   it   is   not   necessary   to   show some overt act on the part of the accused."

43. The evidence on the record clearly shows that the accused Rusy @  Surender,   Rajesh   @ Tinku and Ravinder   @ Tunda shared  the common intention to kill Shanti Devi as accused Rusy @ Surender as well as accused Rajesh @ Tinku exhorted Ravinder @ Tunda at the time   when   Rusy  @   Surender  was caught by PW1  and Rajesh @ Tinku   had   been   caught   by   deceased   Shanti   Devi   saying  "chaku maar   tabhi   hume   chodega"  and   thereafter   the   said   accused Ravinder   @   Tunda   stabbed   deceased   Shanti   Devi   with   the   knife. Therefore,   this   clearly   shows   meeting   of   minds   of   the   accused SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  49 of 55 State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc. -50- persons to commit the offence in question.  

  It   shows  premeditation which developed at the spot before the commission of the offence i.e. stabbing the deceased Shanti Devi.  It appears that they had come to the spot fully prepared that in case of any eventuality of being caught or surrounded, they would not spare the   person,   who   tries   to   apprehend   them   in   order   to   escape. Therefore,   the   confederacy   or   meeting   of   minds   of   the   accused persons is clearly discernible in the present case.  Therefore, by the principle of agency, all of them are liable for the acts of each other.   Regarding the charge(s) u/s 395/396 IPC, the same are not made out in the present case, as the prosecution has failed to prove that the   robbery   had   been   committed   by   five   or   more   persons   as   per discussion   held   above   only   three   persons   were   involved   in   the incident, therefore, Sections 395/396 IPC are not been made out.

REGARDING SECTIONS 457/460 IPC:

44. From the testimonies of PW1, PW2 and PW9, it is evident that accused persons Rusy @ Surender, Rajesh @ Tinku and Ravinder @ Tunda had intruded into their dwelling house by breaking open the inter lock which was also seized vide memo Ex. PW23/B, which was found to be free on checking. And from the spot, one iron rod which was rusted was also found lying on the sofa of drawing room which was also seized by the IO from the spot vide memo Ex. PW1/B and in fact, one iron rod or house breaking implement was also recovered SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  50 of 55 State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc. -51- from   accused   Rusy   @   Surender   at   the   time   of   his   arrest   on 25.07.2012,   these   facts/tangibles   clearly   show   that   the   accused persons   had   committed   the   house   trespass   into   the   house   of   the above   persons   having   taking   precaution   to   conceal   such   house trespass   without   the   consent   of   the   occupants   of   the   said   house bearing no. G­30/340­341, Ground Floor, Sector­2, Rohini, who had the right to exclude or reject the said trespassers and the same was done in the night i.e. at around 1:45 am on the intervening night of 23/24.07.2012 after sunset and before sunrise and while committing the lurking house trespass by night or house breaking while night, the accused   Ravinder   @   Tunda   had   stabbed   deceased   Shanti   Devi, thereby causing her death, therefore, all the accused persons by the principle   agency   are   liable   for   the   act   of   each   other   jointly   and severally, therefore all of them are liable to be convicted u/s 460 IPC.

45. Regarding   the   accused   Mahesh   @   Chikna,   pursuant   to   his disclosure statement Ex. PW8/C nothing incriminating was recovered at his instance or from his possession, which was also admitted by the  IO   PW25  in   his  cross­examination that nothing was recovered from his possession or at his instance. And similarly,  PW23 SI Imtiaz Alam also admitted that it was correct that pursuant to the disclosure statement of accused Mahesh @ Chikna nothing incriminating was recovered   at   his   instance   or   from   his   possession.   Therefore,   said disclosure statement is hit by Section 25 of the Evidence Act. As per SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  51 of 55 State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc. -52- the testimonies of PW1, PW2 and PW9, who were the eye witnesses to the incident, accused Mahesh @ Chikna was not found at the spot at the time of the incident nor anybody else had seen him coming inside the house in question or leaving the said house immediately after the incident. Therefore, there is no legally admissible evidence against the accused Mahesh @ Chikna. Therefore, there is no iota of evidence connecting him with the charge(s) framed against him in this case.

46. Now,   what   is  net   probative force  of the prosecution case as a whole after this wholesome discussion.   That is to say it is time to weight or analyze the probative force of entire mass of prosecution or defence evidence, which has been let in.   Since the Evidence Act only speaks mainly  about the rules of admissibility of evidence i.e what   kind   of   evidence   is   safe,   due   to   prudence   and   experience, therefore   should   be   let   in,   or   which   is   not,   due   to   long   drawn experience   like   hearsay   which   should   be   discarded.     Therefore, Evidence   Act   mainly   speaks   about   the   admissibility   or   non admissibility of evidence.   Now, once the entire evidence is let in, what is force or weight which has to be given to  a particular piece or item of evidence.   Then, to the entire cumulative force of evidence taken   as   a   whole.   After   considering   the   counter   pulls   or countervailing evidence which pulls down the weight of prosecution evidence or supports the defence evidence.  The answer to the same SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  52 of 55 State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc. -53- can only be found in the principles of mathematical probability which are used to analyze the happening or non happening of any event on such probability scale.

47. In   view   of   the   above   discussion   given,   considering   the   entire mass of prosecution and defence evidence discussed on the record, how likely is this evidence given that all the accused persons, who had   made   lurking   house  trespass  into  the  house  of  the  deceased Shanti Devi or committed lurking house trespass by night after sunset and before sunrise in furtherance of their common intention had killed deceased   Shanti   Devi   by   stabbing   her,   which   can   be   termed   as likelihood­I(proposition­I)  or how likely is this evidence given that the accused persons did not commit lurking house trespass or house breaking by night before sunrise and after sunset and had not killed deceased Shanti Devi by stabbing her in furtherance of their common intention, which can be termed as  likelihood­II(proposition­II).  The probative force of this likelihood method depends upon the relative sizes of the two likelihoods i.e likelihood­I and likelihood­II.   How   much   stronger   is   this   evidence   depends   how   much proposition­I  is   greater   than  proposition­II  or   vice   versa.   If likelihood  proposition­II  is   much   greater   than  likelihood proposition­I  given the mass of entire evidence lead on the record by   the   prosecution   or   defence   then   the   accused   is   likely   to   be acquitted & vice versa, the accused is liable to be convicted, if both SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  53 of 55 State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc. -54- are equal then it can be said that both of them have equal probative value. 

  In view of the above discussion, it is apparent that the probative force of proposition­I i.e likelihood­I is much much greater than the likelihood­II or proposition­II, that is to say that the probative force of   the   evidence   lead   on   the   record   in   favour   the  proposition­I  is much much greater than proposition­II i.e likelihood­I which favours the culpability of the accused.

  On   the   scale   of   1   to   10,   where   happening   of   any   event   is measured the probative force of the entire mass of the evidence lead on record taken as a whole is touching the point of certainty. It can be given 8 or 9 points on such scale of '10' i.e 80% or 90% probability '10'   being   the   certainty   or   100%   (which   though   can   never   be achieved in reality). On such kind of evidence, it can be safely said that   it   were   the   accused   persons   who   had   killed   the   deceased   in furtherance   of   their   common   intention   after   making   lurking   house trespass by night after sunset and before sunrise and is guilty of the offence   for   which   he   has   been   charged.   The   prosecution   had   to prove   its   case   beyond   reasonable   doubt   and   on   said   scales, therefore,   it   should   be   touching   the   point   of   certainty   if   not   ten,   it should have been somewhere around 8 or 9 that is to say 80% and 90% which is the case in hand. 

SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  54 of 55 State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc. -55-

48.  T o sum up :

From the aforesaid analysis of evidence, the probative force of the prosecution evidence as a whole is touching the point of certainty on the scales, where probability of happening of any event is assessed or measured, whereas the defence version is having very low probative force,   which   is   almost   touching   the   point   of   disbelief.   As   a consequence, the accused persons namely Rusy @ Surender, Rajesh @ Tinku and Ravinder @ Tunda stand convicted of the offence(s) u/S. 302/34   &   460   IPC,   whereas   the   accused  Mahesh   @   Chikna   stands acquitted of the offence(s) u/S. 302/457/460/395/396/34 IPC.
  
Announced in the open Court        (Sanjeev Aggarwal) th on this day of  24  April, 2018.        Addl. Sessions Judge­02, North                                                        Rohini Courts, Delhi       24.04.2018 SC No. 58155/16, FIR No. 152/12,   PS. South Rohini                                                                               Page No.  55 of 55 State   Vs.   Rusy @ Surender etc.