Delhi District Court
Dri vs Harish Joshi & Anr. Page No. 1 Of 66 on 1 September, 2018
IN THE COURT OF SH. RAJESH KUMAR SINGH ,
SPECIAL JUDGE;NDPS SOUTH DISTRICT, SAKET
Sessions Case no. 6852/2016
(old SC No.09A/09)
ID No. DLST010000422009
Sh. Alkesh Rao ..........complainant
Intelligence Officer,
Directorate of Revenue Intelligence,
Delhi Zonal Unit, New Delhi
versus
Harish Joshi ..........accused no. 1
s/o late Amritlal Joshi
r/o D7/1, Ground Floor,
DLF Exclusive Apartment,
DLF PhaseV, Gurgaon, Haryana
permanent resident of
823, Sanster Place,
New West Minister, B. C. Vancouver
Canada
Anil Mohan ..........accused no. 2
s/o Sh. Satyapal Singh (proceedings abetted
r/o House no. 28, Street - 2, against him vide order
Village Sahibabad, dated 23.12.2014)
District Ghaziabad, UP
Date of Institution : 21st February 2009
Date of conclusion of arguments : 30th July 2018
Date of Judgment : 01st September 2018
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J U D G M E N T
The facts as stated in the complaint:
1.1 Complaint was filed by Sh. Alkesh Rao, Intelligence Officer, DRI, Delhi Zonal Unit against the accused Harish Joshi s/o Sh. Amrit Lal Joshi and Sh. Anil Mohan s/o Sh. Satyapal Singh u/s 21,27 A and 29 of NDPS Act. The case of the prosecution is that on 08.09.2008 at 03:00pm, an intelligence was gathered by the complainant from a reliable source that a person would come in a Tata Indica Car bearing registration no. UP14AK 0505 and would be carrying narcotic drugs concealed in a suitcase which was to be transferred to another person opposite DLF Golf Course, Gurgaon at about 06:00pm on the same day. The information was reduced in writing and it was put up before senior officer, who directed to take necessary action for interception.
1.2 The complainant called two witnesses at about 04:30pm and briefed them about the intelligence. At about 04:45pm, the team of DRI and the witnesses left for the designated place of delivery of the drugs in the official vehicle. Surveillance was mounted near DLF Golf Course. At about 06:30pm, vehicle number UP14AK0505 was spotted near the designated place for delivery. The vehicle did not stop there and it kept on moving in the same direction. The officers of DRI followed the said car. After reaching the next red light, the car took right turn and after about 500 meters, took a left turn and entered into a lane. The car stopped near an elderly person, who DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 2 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 seemed to be waiting for the said car. One person alighted from the car and started talking to the elderly person. Officers of DRI tried to intercept the said Indica car and to apprehend the persons. The person who had come out of the car ran away into a nearby lane. The elderly person got into the Indica car which took a U turn and sped away towards Delhi at a hight speed. The DRI team chased the car but they could not overtake it due to heavy traffic. The car was finally intercepted and forced to stop opposite Shiv Murti, near Mahipal Pur, New Delhi at about 07:50pm.
1.3 On being asked, the driver of the car opened the dickey. A black colour zipper strolley suitcase was found in the dickey. The driver introduced himself as Manoj Kumar Sharma aged 40 years. s/o late Sh. Om Prakash Sharma r/o Chitrakoot Colony, Arthla, District Ghaziabad, UP. The elderly person who had boarded the car at Gurgaon introduced himself as Harish Joshi aged 65 years. s/o Sh. Amritlal Joshi r/o D7/1, ground floor, DLF Exclusive Floors, DLF PhaseV, Gurgaon, Haryana. The third person introduced himself as Anil Mohan aged 26 years. s/o Sh. Satyapal Singh r/o House no. 20A, Street No. 2, Village Sahibabad, District Ghaziabad, UP. DRI officers asked the occupants of the car whether they were carrying narcotic drugs. The driver showed ignorance. On persistent questioning, the accused Harish Joshi admitted that the suitcase contained about 5 kg of Heroin and it was to be delivered to him. The said suitcase was lying in the dickey of the Tata Indica car no. UP14AK0505 in which they were travelling. The name of the person, who fled at Gurgaon on being chased by the team DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 3 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 of DRI, was disclosed as Sanjay. Notices u/s 50 of NDPS Act were served upon the occupants of the car. They stated that they did not require presence of Gazetted officer or Magistrate at the time of their personal search or search of the Tata Indica car. They further stated that the officers of DRI could conduct their search.
1.4 The place where the car was intercepted was not safe for conducting the search and other proceedings. The Indica car and the three persons were brought to the DRI office at CGO Complex, Delhi. The two witnesses also accompanied them to the office of DRI. Search of the Indica car resulted into the recovery of one black colour zipper strolley suitcase make Royal. RC and Insurance papers of the Indica car were also found in the glove box of the car. No contraband was recovered from the personal search of the three occupants of the car. Old clothes were kept in the suitcase. The bottom of the suitcase felt abnormally heavy. On removing the base fabric of the suitcase, a sunmica sheet was found affixed. On removing the sunmica sheet, five packets wrapped in transparent tape were found placed on another sunmica sheet attached to the base of the suitcase. The five packets were marked as A, B, C, D and E. They were weighed with electronic weighing scale and the gross weight was found to be 1.070 kg; 1.070 kg; 1.075 kg; 1.074 kg and 1.078 kg respectively. On opening the packets were found to contain yellowish granules/ powder. The substance from each packet was tested with the help of UN Field Testing Kit and they tested positive for the presence of Opium Alkaloids. Net weight of the DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 4 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 contents of each packet was found to be 0.964 kg; 0.970 kg; 0.974 kg; 0.976 kg and 0.979 kg respectively. The net weight of all five packets was found to be 4.863 kg. Three representative samples were drawn from each packet and marked as A1, A2, A3; B1, B2, B3; C1, C2, C3; D1, D2, D3; and E1, E2, E3 respectively.
1.5 The contraband, the samples and the other articles/documents were seized by preparing a panchnama on which facsimile of DRI seal used in sealing the seized material was affixed. The panchnama proceedings started at 09:00pm on 08.09.2008 and concluded at 03:00am on 09.09.2008. The witnesses and the three occupants of the car signed the panchnama in token of acceptance of correctness of the panchnama. Test memo was prepared in triplicate.
1.6 Summon dated 09.09.2008 was issued to Sh. Harish Joshi u/s 67 of NDPS Act. He admitted the recovery. He disclosed that his mobile number was 9899945444. He came to India about two weeks ago. His friend Sh. Ranjit phoned him from Ballingham, Washington and gave the mobile number 9958005243 of Sh. Sanjay. He told him to collect a suitcase having contraband from Sanjay and to deliver it to him at Vancouver. Sh. Ranjit promised to pay Canadian Dollar 25,000/ to him for this job. He accepted the offer due to greed. In the morning of 08.09.2008, Sanjay called him and told that he had received call from Sh. Ranjit asking to deliver a suitcase containing contraband (Heroin) to him. He told Sh. Sanjay that he had to go to Faridabad for some work and he asked him to meet at about 5 O'clock at DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 5 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 Radisson, Mahipalpur, New Delhi. At about 5 O'clock, Sh. Sanjay called twice on his mobile phone but he could take the call. After sometime, he called Sh. Sanjay and asked him to come to DLF Golf Link, Main gate situated on the main road to deliver the consignment. On reaching DLF Golf Link main gate, Sanjay called him on his mobile and he told him to take a right turn from first red light and to go approximately one km ahead where he was standing and waiting for him near the DLF Exclusive Floors. Thereafter, he narrated the events which have already been mentioned above.
1.7 Summon dated 09.09.2008 was issued to Sh. Anil Mohan for his appearance before Sh. S. K. Gautam, IO, DRI. In his voluntary statement u/s 67 of NDPS Act, he stated that on that day at about 2 O'clock he received a call on his mobile phone from his friend Sanjay. Sanjay had called from his mobile phone number 9958520043. He told him that he required a taxi to take a suitcase filled with clothes to Radisson Hotel, Mahipalpur, Delhi. Sh. Anil Mohan told him that his car was not available and he offered to arrange another vehicle for him from his maternal uncle Sh. Shivpal, who was running a firm called M/s Shankar Tour and Travels, Ghaizabad. Sh. Shivpal arranged the Tata Indica car number UP14AK0505 with the driver Sh. Manoj Kumar Sharma. Sh. Sanjay had asked him to meet near BTRWADCOLTD Main road, Sahibabad. He reached the designated place where Sh. Sanjay was waiting with the suitcase. He kept the suitcase in the Indica Car and they proceeded towards Radisson Hotel. Thereafter, he told about the conversations which took place between the accused Harish Joshi DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 6 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 and Sh. Sanjay. He also narrated the subsequent events which have already been mentioned above.
1.8 Summon dated 09.09.2008 was also issued to Sh. Manoj Kumar Sharma for appearance before Sh. Devendra Singh, IO. His statement u/s 67 of NDPS Act was also recorded. He admitted the recovery and the seizure but denied his concern with the recovery of the drugs.
1.9 Offences u/s 21, 27A and 29 of NDPS Act appeared to have been committed by the accused Harish Joshi and Anil Mohan. They were arrested on 09.09.2008 and their medical examination was got conducted at Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi. Thereafter, they were produced before the Court and they were remanded to judicial custody.
1.10 Information regarding arrest of the accused Harish Joshi was conveyed by Sh. Ramesh Kumar SIO to the High Commissioner, Canadian High Commission, New Delhi vide letter dated 09.09.2008. The intimation was also given to the Joint Secretary (CPV) as well as to the wife of accused by Sh. Ramesh Kumar, SIO by his separate letters dated 09.09.2008. Information regarding arrest of accused Anil Mohan was given to his father Sh. Satyapal Singh vide letter dated 09.09.2008.
1.11 On 09.09.2008, Sh. Ramesh Kumar SIO handed over five representative samples to Sh. Amit Kumar, sepoy, DRI, DZU, New Delhi with forwarding letter and Test memos in duplicate in intact condition to take the same to CRCL for chemical analysis. The samples, forwarding letter and the Test memos were handed over to Sh. V. P. Bahuguna, Asstt. Chemical DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 7 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 Examiner, CRCL, New Delhi on 09.09.2008 itself against acknowledgement and the samples were diarised at sl. no. 234. Report u/s 57 of NDPS Act was submitted by the complainant Sh. Alkesh Rao to his immediate superior officer Sh. Ramesh Kumar, SIO on 09.09.2008. Complainant Sh. Alkesh Rao had taken the DRI seal from Sh. Sanjay, Tax Asstt. on 08.09.2008 at 04:15pm and he returned the seal on 09.09.2008.
1.12 On 09.09.2008, search warrant was issued by Sh. Nilank Kumar Asstt. Director, DRI in favour of the complainant to conduct search of the residential premises of the accused Harish Joshi at Gurgaon. Two witnesses were called. Sh. Pawan Dhariwal was found in the premises. The witnesses and Sh. Pawan Dhariwal signed on the search warrant as token of seeing the same. During search of the premises, passport bearing no. BA 340002 issued on 11.09.2006 and valid up to 11.09.2011 from Vancouver, Canada in the name of Sh. Hariprasad Amritlal Joshi, persons of Indian origin card no. P0061888 issued in the name of same person and photocopy of lease deed running into five pages were found in taken in possession for further investigation. Panchnama was prepared. On 09.09.2008 itself, another search authorization was issued by Sh. K. K. Sood, Asstt. Director, DRI in favour of Sh. Jyothimon Dethan, IO for conducting search at the residential premises of accused Anil Mohan. The search was conducted in presence of two witnesses and father of accused but nothing incriminating was discovered. Panchnama dated 09.09.2008 was prepared.
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1.13 The seized contraband in the packing material were deposited
by Sh. R. M. Singh, IO, DRI vide inventory of goods with Sh. Dharambir, Inspector, Customs, Disposal, incharge valuable godown of New Custom House on 09.09.2008 in intact condition against entry no. 13 (02) 0809 dated 09.09.2008.
1.14 Tata Indica car UP14AK0505 was registered in the name of one Sh. Suraj Kumar. On 11.09.2008, summon was issued to Sh. Suraj Kumar u/s 67 of NDPS Act and he appeared before DRI on 16.09.2008. His statement was recorded. He confirmed that he was the owner of the vehicle and that he had sent it to Sh. Shivpal of M/s Shankar Tour and Travels, Ghaziabad with the driver Sh. Manoj Sharma, who was employed by him on 29.08.2008 through M/s. Shankar Tour and Travels. He further stated that on 08.09.2008, he received the message from Sh. Shivpal at about 12:30pm to send the vehicle immediately for some duty at 01:30pm. The vehicle was booked to a passenger for Delhi. When the vehicle did not return till 09:00pm, he called the driver but he did not pick up the phone. Sh. Shivpal also had no information as to why the vehicle did not return. Later on, Sh. Manoj Sharma told him the entire story which was in line with the case of the complainant. 1.15 On 12.09.2008, Sh. Ramesh Kumar SIO wrote letter to FRRO for providing details regarding the address and entry in India of the person to whom passport no. BA 340002 was issued. The address could not be confirmed. However, the data regarding arrival and departure for the period 01.09.2003 to 22.09.2008 was provided with advice to get the same DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 9 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 confirmed from IB without mentioning IB as a witness in any proceedings. 1.16 Sh. Ramesh Kumar SIO, issued letter dated 22.09.2008 to Nodal Officer of M/s Vodafone for providing the CDR of mobile phone numbers 9899945444 and 9999795542. On the same day, he also wrote letter to the Nodal Officer of M/s Bharti Airtel Limited to provide CDR of mobile phone number 9958005243.
1.17 Vide letter dated 27.09.2008, the Nodal Officer of M/s Bharti Airtel Limited furnished the subscriber detail of mobile phone number 9958005243 and also the CDR. Scrutiny of the CDR showed that there were conversations between mobile phone number 9958005243 (stated to be mobile number of the accused Sanjay, who could not be apprehended) and mobile phone number 9899945444 (stated to be mobile number of the accused Harish Joshi). Different number of calls were made by Sh. Sanjay to the accused Harish Joshi from 23.08.2008 to 08.09.2008. On 08.09.2008, there were five calls between these numbers. Scrutiny of the CDR further revealed that Sh. Sanjay had called the accused Anil Mohan on his mobile phone number 9999795542 between 20.08.2008 and 28.08.2008. 1.18 Vide letter dated 06.10.2008, the Nodal Officer, Vodafone furnished the subscriber details and the call details for the mobile number 9899945444 (mobile being used by the accused Harish Joshi) and mobile number 9999795542 (mobile being used by the accused Anil Mohan). Scrutiny of the call details revealed that there were conversations between the accused Harish Joshi and Sanjay between 23.08.2008 to 08.09.2008.
DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 10 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 There were also conversations between the accused Anil Mohan and Sanjay between 13.08.2008 to 30.08.2008.
1.19 Vide letter dated 18.12.2008, Sh. M. S. Yadav SIO, DRI, DZU, New Delhi requested the Superintendent, Dasna Jail, Ghaziabad, UP to provide details regarding Sanjay, who was lodged in the jail during March 2007. The Superintendent, Dasna jail requested DRI to give complete particulars of Sanjay.
1.20 In pursuance of summons dated 23.12.2008, Sh. Shivpal, owner of M/s Shankar Tour and Travels appeared before the complainant and made his voluntary statement dated 27.12.2008. He disclosed that the accused Anil Mohan was having his own Tata Indica car number DL7CC2112 and he was running this vehicle under him for which commission was paid to him by the accused Anil Mohan. The accused Anil Mohan was working as driver. On 08.09.2008, in the afternoon, Anil Mohan telephoned him to send an Indica car for going to Laxmi Nagar, Delhi. He arranged the car from Sh. Suraj Kumar r/o Vasundhara, Ghaziabad. Sh. Manoj Kumar Sharma, who was the driver of Sh. Suraj Kumar, came with Tata Indica car no. UP14AK0505. He gave duty slip no. 1621 to the driver and directed him to go to the residence of Anil Mohan. The vehicle did not return till 09:00pm. The driver did not pick up the phone. On 09.09.2008, the driver returned and narrated what happened on 08.09.2008.
1.21 Complainant issued summon dated 19.12.2008 to Ms. Anupama Menon in whose name the SIM was issued which was being used by the DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 11 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 accused Harish Joshi. She sent letter dated 23.12.2008 and raised objection regarding her summoning relying upon Section 160 Cr. PC. However, she also stated that she would appear in the DRI office in person, if necessary. On 23.01.2009, the officers of DRI visited the residence of Ms. Anupama Menon at K92, New Building Bank Street, Munirka, New Delhi with a lady officer. No one was available at the residence. Thereafter, her Advocate Sh. Vikas Gupta contacted the complainant on phone and informed that he would send Ms. Anupama Menon with someone. Accordingly, she attended the office of DRI with an Advocate. In the office itself, she was served with summon dated 29.01.2009 and she made her statement u/s 67 of NDPS Act on the same day. She told how she knew the accused Harish Joshi. She also told that she had taken mobile number 9899945444 on request of accused Harish Joshi and he had been using it exclusively. She stated that she did not know with whom the accused Harish Joshi used to talk with on the mobile phone in question. On being asked about her absence on 23.01.2009, she told that she had gone to Kerala and she returned on 28.01.2009. She also produced photocopy of her credit card Citi Bank 4450389599899005 valid upto 05/11.
1.22 Complainant issued summon dated 19.12.2008 to Sh. Pawan Dhariwal, who was running a company in the premises of the accused Harish Joshi. The summon was sent by post and it was returned with report that the house was vacant. Complainant issued summon dated 23.12.2008 to Sh. Prateek Jain in whose name the mobile phone number be used by the DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 12 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 accused Anil Mohan was issued. He was asked to appear on 26.12.2008. The summon which was sent by speed post was returned with remarks that name of the father of the addressee be mentioned and nothing is known by one name.
1.23 On 16.01.2009, Sh. M. S. Yadav, SIO wrote letter to the Superintendent, Dasna Jail to provide the details of the case in which the accused Anil Mohan was lodged in Dasna Jail in March 2007. He was also requested to provide the past record of the accused Anil Mohan. The Superintendent, Dasna Jail sent reply dated 17.01.2009 detailing the list of cases in which the accused Anil Mohan was lodged in Dasna Jail. It was further stated that on being admitted to bail by Delhi and Ghaziabad Courts, the accused Anil Mohan was released from Dasna Jail on 01.08.2007. 1.24 Inquiry was conducted at E139, East of Kailash, New Delhi regarding Sh. Sunny Devnath in whose name the mobile phone number being used by accused Sanjay was issued. Sh. Sunny Devnath was not found residing in any of the floors of the above mentioned property. 1.25 In pursuance of fresh summon dated 23.01.2009, Sh. Prateek Jain appeared before the complainant on 27.01.2009 and he tendered his statement u/s 67 of NDPS Act. He was asked about mobile phone number 9999795542. He stated that he never applied for this number and he did not know any person called Anil Mohan or Ravindra Kumar. He was using mobile phone number 9873171201. According to him the documents submitted by him for an SBI Credit Card appeared to have been misused to procure the DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 13 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 SIM for mobile phone number 9999795542.
1.26 Vide report dated 22.10.2008, Sh. R. P. Singh, Chemical Examiner, CRCL, New Delhi opined that the test samples were of Diacetyl Morphine (Heroin) having purity percentage from 42.8% to 82.5%. 1.27 The person Sanjay could not be located for want of complete particulars. The accused Harish Joshi was granted bail by Hon'ble High Court vide order dated 16.01.2009. However, on 19.02.2009, he was detained in pursuance of detention order F.No. 1/5/2008PITNDPS dated 17.02.2009. The accused Harish Joshi was released from Preventive Detention also after filing of complaint. The accused Anil Mohan was in JC at the time of filing of complaint.
The Charge 2.1 Charge was framed against both accused persons namely, Harish Joshi and Anil Mohan vide order dated 17.02.2010 u/s 21 (c) of NDPS Act and Section 29 r/w 21 (c) of NDPS Act. The charge states that on 08.09.2008 at about 07:50pm, both of them were found carrying 5.367 kg of Heroin kept in a suitcase in the dickey of Tata Indica Car no. UP14AK0505 when it was intercepted opposite Shiv Murti, near Mahipal Pur, Delhi and that on the above said date and time, they were party to a conspiracy to commit an offence u/s 21 (c) of NDPS Act. Both accused pleaded not guilty and claimed trial.
2.2 During pendency of the case, the accused Anil Mohan expired and the proceedings were declared abated qua him vide order dated DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 14 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 23.12.2014. There was error in the charge framed vide order dated 17.02.2010 as the quantity of the contraband had not been correctly mentioned. The charge was corrected in respect of accused Harish Joshi vide order dated 10.07.2017. In the corrected charge the quantity of the recovered contraband is stated as 4.863 kg. The other contents of the charge remain the same as in the original charge.
Prosecution Evidence 3.1 Prosecution has examined following witnesses.
3.1.1 PW1 Sh. Sanjay Kumar. He had issued the seal to Sh. Alkesh Rao IO on 08.09.2008 and the seal was returned to him on 09.09.2008. 3.1.2 PW2 Sh. Dharambir Sharma. He was incharge of the valuable godown on 09.09.2008 and he had received the case property from Sh. R. M. Singh.
3.1.3 PW3 Sh. R. M. Singh. He was working as IO at DRI , DZU, New Delhi on 09.09.2008. He deposited the case property at valuable godown against the deposit memo Ex. PW2/A. 3.1.4 PW4 Sh. Alkesh Rao. He was posted in DRI, DZU, New Delhi on 08.09.2008 as Intelligence Officer. He deposed that Sh. Ramesh Kumar SIO was his immediate superior officer. He is the complainant in this case. The secret information Ex. PW4/A was recorded by him.
3.1.5 PW5 Sh. Ramesh Kumar. He was posted as SIO in DRI, DZU during the relevant time. PW4 had put up the secret information before him and in turn he put up the report before Sh. Nilank Kumar Asstt. Director. He DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 15 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 deposed that the raiding team consisting of Sh. Atul Handa, Deputy Director, Sh. Alkesh Rao, IO , Sh. Sanjeev Gautam IO, Sh. K. S. Ratra IO and Sh. Diwakar Joshi IO was formed for the interception. The DRI team left the office at about 06:45pm and returned at about 08:45pm. Search of the car bearing no. UPAK0505 resulted into recovery of strolley bag from the dickey. The bag contained the contraband. He has deposed about the testing of the recovered substance and further steps taken during investigation. 3.1.6 PW6 Sh. Sanjeev Kumar Gautam. He was a part of raiding team on 08.09.2008.
3.1.7 PW7 Sh. V. P. Bahuguna. He was posted as Asstt. Chemical Examiner, CRCL on 09.09.2008. He received the five samples mark A1 to E 1 against acknowledgement Ex. PW7/A. Since he was transferred, the samples were further assigned to Sh. Bhuwan Ram, ACE for analysis. 3.1.8 PW8 Sh. R. P. Singh. He was posted as Chemical Examiner at CRCL, Pusa on 09.09.2008. The five samples were received by PW7 under his direction. The samples were examined under his supervision from 13.10.2008 to 22.10.2008. The analysis report is exhibited by him as Ex. PW8/A. He has also identified the signature of Sh. Bhuwan Ram on Section II of the test memo Ex. PW4/Z6.
3.1.9 PW8A Sh. Nilank Kumar. During the trial, he was also numbered as PW8. To avoid confusion he has been renumbered as PW8A. He was posted as Asstt. Director in DRI, DZU during the relevant time. The secret information Ex. PW4/A was put up before him on which he gave the DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 16 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 direction to take action. On 09.09.2008, he had issued the search authorization Ex. PW4/P for conducting the search at the premises of accused at DLF, PhaseV, Gurgaon .
3.1.10 PW9 Sh. Devendra Singh. He was posted as Intelligence officer in DRI, DZU, New Delhi during the relevant time. On 09.09.2008, he had issued summon to Sh. Manoj Kumar Sharma (driver) of Indica car no. UP14AK0505 u/s 67 of NDPS Act . The summon is Ex. PW9/A. Sh. Manoj Kumar Sharma tendered his statement Ex. PW9/B before him in his own handwriting.
3.1.11 PW10 Sh. Israr Babu. He is the Alternate Nodal Officer, Vodafone Mobile Services Ltd. He produced the CAF of mobile number 9999795542 in the name of Sh. Prateek Jain. The CAF alongwith the ID proof (D/L) is Ex. PW10/B. The CDR of the mobile connection is Ex. PW10/C. He also produced CAF Ex. PW10/D of mobile connection number 9899945444 in the name of Ms. Anupama Menon and its CDR Ex. PW10/E. 3.1.12 PW11 Sh. Ajay Kumar. He is Nodal Officer of Bharti Airtel Ltd. He produced the CAF and CDR of mobile number 9958005243 as Ex. PW11/A and Ex. PW11/B respectively. This connection was in the name of one Sh. Sunny Devnath.
3.1.13 PW12 Sh. Amit Kumar. He was posted as sepoy in DRI, DZU during the relevant time. On instruction of Sh. Ramesh Kumar SIO, he went to CRCL on 09.09.2008 with the samples, the test memos and the forwarding letter.
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3.1.14 PW13 Sh. Shiv Pal. He is the proprietor of M/s Shankar Tours
and Travels, Sector6, Vasundhara Ghaziabad. The accused Anil Mohan was his nephew. He provided Indica car on the request of Anil Mohan. He deposed that when the car did not return by 06:00pm, he called the driver Sh. Manoj Sharma. The driver did not pick up the phone. He called Anil Mohan also but he also did not pick up the phone. On the next day, at about 08:30am, the driver came to him without the car. He told that he had gone to Laxmi Nagar where Anil Mohan received a message to bring the car to Gurgaon. Thereafter, he took the car alongwith Anil Mohan and one more person to Gurgaon. The person accompanying Anil Mohan got down to answer the call of nature. As soon as he stopped the car near DLF, Gurgaon, police official encircled the car and brought it to Lodhi Road. Heroin worth Rs. 5 crores was recovered. On being asked by DRI, PW13 told them about the owner of the car. He identified his statement u/s 67 of NDPS Act which had already been exhibited as Ex. PW4/V. In his crossexamination, he denied the suggestion that the DRI officials had dictated his statement Ex. PW4/V. 3.1.15 PW14 Sh. Satish Kumar. He deposed that during the relevant period he was the security officer at DLF, Phase V, Exclusive Floors, Gurgaon. He stated that he did not remember the date but DRI officers had visited flat no. 7/1, ground floor, DLF Exclusive Floors with search warrant Ex. PW4/P. He was present during the search when some documents were resumed by the DRI team. He identified his signature in the panchnama Ex.
DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 18 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 PW4/Q. In his crossexamination, he stated that he remembered that on 08.09.2008 at about 06:30pm, one person was taken away from the gate of DLF Exclusive Floors. He admitted that the Commissioner of Police, Gurgaon had come there to inquire about the incident. He also stated the supervisor at the main gate of DLF Exclusive Floors had informed him that the officials had taken away the resident of flat no. 7/1, ground floor, DLF Exclusive Floors. 3.1.16 PW15 Ms. Kiran Birla. She deposed that some officers had visited her house E139, second floor, East of Kailash, New Delhi to inquire about one Sh. Sunny and she had given her reply Ex. PW15/A. 3.1.17 PW16 Sh. Satviner Singh. He deposed that officers had visited his house E139, first floor, East of Kailash, New Delhi to inquire about one Sh. Sunny. He gave his reply Ex. PW16/A. 3.1.18 PW17 Sh. Man Singh Yadav. He was posted in DRI DZU in the year 20082009 as Appraiser and Sh. Alkesh Rao used to report to him. Sh. Alkesh Rao reported to him about the recovery of the contraband from Harish Joshi and Anil Mohan.
3.1.19 PW18 Sh. Ved Prakash. He was posted at FRRO, Headquarters, Delhi. He was examined in respect of arrival and departure of the accused Harish Joshi in India. He identified the letter Ex. PW18/A which was earlier marked as mark PW5/A. He also identified the letter mark PW18/B and C. He filed the letter Ex. PW18/D regarding destruction of the record pertaining to the period 01.01.2006 to 31.12.2009.
3.1.20 PW19 Sh. Ajay Sharma. He has deposed that he was posted
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as Asstt. Chemical Examiner at CRCL, Pusa. In pursuance of Court order dated 17.11.2014, five samples marked AC1 to EC1 were received against receipt Ex. PW19/A. He has exhibited the analysis report Ex. PW19/B and the short analysis report as Ex. PW19/C. 3.2.1 Some of the prosecution witnesses were not examined and they were dropped. Learned SPP dropped PWSh. Suraj Kumar and Mr. Abdul Sattar Noori on 28.11.2016. Mr. Suraj Kumar was owner of the Indica car no. UP14AK0505. Mr. Abdul Sattar Noori was resident of ground floor E139, East of Kailash, New Delhi. E139, East of Kailash, New Delhi was used as the address to obtain the mobile connection no. 9958005243 in the name of Sunny Dev Nath. On 21.12.2016, Learned SPP dropped Manoj Kumar Sharma, who was driver of the Indica car and Ms. Anupama Menon in whose name mobile connection number 9899945444 was obtained. Manoj Kumar Sharma could not be served as his address could not be located in absence of house number and Ms. Anupama Menon could not be served as she had left the given address five years ago. PWSh. Raj Kumar and Sh. Omvir who were the panch witnesses to the panchnama dated 08.09.2008 were also not examined as they could not be served for want of correct address. PWSh. Pawan Dhariwal was also not examined as he could not be served due to incomplete address.
3.3.1 In his statement Ex. PW4/5 u/s 67 of NDPS Act, the accused Harish Joshi stated that on 08.09.2008 in the morning, Sanjay called him. He asked Sanjay to deliver the contraband to him at about 05:00pm at Radisson DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 20 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 Hotel, Mahipal Pur. He further stated that at 05:00pm Sanjay called him but he could not answer the call. After sometime he called Sanjay and instructed him to come to DLF Golf Link main gate. In his statement Ex. PW6/B u/s 67 of NDPS Act, the accused Anil Mohan stated that he received the call from Sanjay at about 02:00pm. The date was mentioned by him as 09.09.2008 instead of 08.09.2008. He further stated that his car was not in a working condition and therefore, he arranged the Indica car from his maternal uncle Sh. Shiv Pal. He further stated that he started Indica car with the driver Manoj Kumar Sharma and picked up Sanjay from Sahibabad. At about 05:15pm they reached Mahipal Pur chowk. Sanjay received a call from a person called Harish Joshi. Harish Joshi instructed him to come to DLF Golf Link instead of Radisson Hotel.
3.3.2 The CDR of mobile number 9958005243 which was disclosed as the mobile number of Sanjay by the accused persons, is Ex. PW11/B. The location of the said mobile from 14:57:10 hours to 17:01:18 hours was at cell tower number 45743. If the statements of the accused Harish Joshi and Anil Mohan u/s 67 of NDPS Act, as mentioned above were correct, the location of Sanjay would not have remained fixed during the aforesaid period at the same cell tower having ID number 45743. To clear the doubt, the Court proposed to call for the record of Cell Tower location for the mobile phones of the accused Harish Joshi, Anil Mohan and Sanjay. Learned counsel for the accused agreed. Accordingly, summons were issued to M/s Bharti Airtel Ltd. and M/s Vodafone Mobile Services Ltd.
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3.3.3 M/s Bharti Airtel Ltd. did not produce record on the ground that
the data for concerned period was not preserved. The data for mobile number 9899945444 was produced by Sh. Saurabh Aggarwal Nodal Officer, Vodafone. He was examined as CW1.
Statement of the accused u/s 313 Cr. PC 4.1 Statement of accused Harish Joshi was recorded u/s 313 Cr. PC on 13.02.2017. He opted to lead evidence in his defence. However, he did not produce any witness and his learned counsel closed the defence evidence on 08.03.2017. He has denied the evidence put to him. He claims that he was talking to someone on phone. Some persons came in a utility vehicle. They grabbed his phone and started beating him. There was some discussion between the guards and the said persons. After this , they pushed him inside their car. There was another car behind the utility vehicle. The vehicle in which he was put, took a U turn because there was one way for entry and exit. Thereafter, two more persons were pushed inside the utility vehicle. One of the two persons told that he was the driver of the car which was being driven in front of the utility vehicle. He was not allowed to talk to his family members. He was brought to Delhi through the toll plaza without paying the toll. He has denied the recovery and any connection with the present case. He has made detailed statement in this regard in answer to question no. 7 u/s 313 Cr. PC on 13.02.2017.
4.2 After examination of CW1, Sh. Saurabh Aggarwal, statement of
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the accused Harish Joshi was recorded again u/s 313 Cr. PC on 06.06.2018. He was again asked whether he wanted to lead evidence in his defence and this time, he did not opt for leading defence evidence. Arguments of Ld. Senior SPP for DRI 5.1 Written submissions have been filed by Learned SPP for DRI Reliance has been placed on number of authorities which are mentioned in the written submissions. Learned Senior SPP also submitted oral arguments. 5.2 It is submitted by Learned Senior SPP that the accused was produced in the Court 09.09.2008 during the normal Court hours but he did not make any allegation regarding any injury to him. His medical examination also confirms that he was not subjected to any torture to extract a confessional statement from him. On his appearance before the Court on 09.09.2008 he did not submit that he had been forced to write the statement u/s 67 of NDPS Act. The retraction application was filed belatedly on 23.09.2008 to which DRI filed reply on 20.10.2008. One retraction application was submitted by the counsel for the accused in the other retraction application was sent by him from the jail through Advocate Sh. Anish Dhingra. The retraction application sent from jail is a copy and not the original application. Further it only bears thumb impression and not the signature of the accused. Therefore, the retraction applications have no meaning. The statement of the accused Harish Joshi u/s 67 of NDPS Act is admissible against him in view of judgment by Hon'ble Supreme Court in the matter of Kanhaiya Lal vs Union of India (2008) 4 SCC 668. The law laid down by DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 23 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 Hon'ble Supreme Court in Kanhaiya Lal case still holds good. The conviction can be based solely on his statement u/s 67 of NDPS Act in view of the judgment by Hon'ble Supreme Court in the matter of K. I. Pavunny vs Asstt. Collector (HQ), Central Excise Collectorate, Cochin. Reliance is also placed on Kanhaiya Lal vs Union of India AIR 2008 (SC) 1044 , Union of India vs Satrohan 2008 (3) JCC (Narcotics) (182), Collector of CE vs Duncan Agro Industries Ltd. AIR 2000 SC 2001, Akabuogu Godwin Ojimba and ors. Vs Customs decided by Delhi High Court on 26.03.2014.
5.3 There is no substance in the argument of Learned counsel for the accused regarding nonproduction of the valuable godown register. The statement of PW2, PW3 and PW4 proves it beyond reasonable doubt that the case property was handed over in intact condition to PW2 Sh. Dharambir Sharma. The case property was produced in the Court in intact condition and no dispute was raised by the accused regarding any tampering with the case property.
5.4 In his statement u/s 67 of NDPS Act the accused admits the manner in which he was arrested and the recovery was effected. DRI generally does not conduct the panchnama proceedings on the spot. In view of the judgment by Hon'ble Supreme Court in M. Prabhu Lal vs Asstt. Director, DRI (2003) 8 SCC 449 no adverse inference can be drawn against the prosecution for not conducting the panchnama proceedings at Shiv Murti DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 24 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 near Mahipal Pur where the Indica car was intercepted. The panchnama is duly signed by the accused and he cannot dispute its correctness. 5.5 PW14 has stated in his crossexamination that he remembers that on 08.09.2008 at about 06:30pm, one person was taken away by some officials from the gate of DLF Exclusive Floors. However, the answers given by him in his further crossexamination shows that the above mentioned statement was based on hearsay. Prosecution examined him only for the proceedings conducted by DRI on 09.09.2008. Therefore, one statement made by him in his crossexamination which is not at all related to anything said by him in his examinationinchief has to be ignored specially since it is a hearsay statement. No adverse inference can be drawn against the prosecution for not examining the witness Sh. M. P. S. Chauhan as no objection was raised by the accused and it cannot be presumed that he was going to depose against the prosecution. If the accused wanted, he could have requested the Court to examine the witness as a Court witness or he could have summoned him as a defence witness.
5.6 The accused has remained silent on vital evidence regarding the conversation between him and Sh. Sanjay for which adverse inference has to be drawn against him. The accused is only creating hypothetical doubts regarding the correctness of the version of prosecution that Sh. Sanjay escaped and the accused Harish Joshi and others were intercepted near Shiv Murti after a chase.
5.7 The dispute raised by the accused by mentioning of the
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recovered substance as Opium Alkaloid in the panchnama is without any substance as Heroin itself is an Opium Alkaloid as defined u/s 2 (xvi) (d) of NDPS Act 1985. The substance was mentioned as Heroin in the test memo. The decline in the percentage of Diacetyl Morphine (Heroin) has reduced in the second report as the sample for retesting was sent after a gap of many years.
5.8 DRI made sincere efforts to trace Sanjay but he could not be traced. The panch witnesses could not be examined as their addresses were found to be incomplete. The driver of the Indica car Sh. Manoj Kumar Sharma could also not be served for want of house number. However, their nonexamination does not taint the evidence against the accused which is duly supported by his statement u/s 67 of NDPS Act. It was not necessary for all members of the raiding party to sign the documents. The accused is trying to take benefit of a statement made by PW13 in his examinationinchief regarding alleged statement made to him by the driver Sh. Manoj Kumar Sharma that the car was encircled at DLF Exclusive Floors but we cannot ignore the fact that he also stated that the driver told him about recovery of 5 kg of Heroin and in his crossexamination he denied the suggestion that his statement u/s 67 of NDPS Act was not correctly recorded by the officers of DRI.
5.9 In view of the judgments by Hon'ble Supreme Court and Hon'ble Delhi High Court in the matter of Kulwinder Singh and anr. Vs State of Punjab 2015 Law Suit (SC) 433, Nwadike Ugo Ben vs State (2013) DLT DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 26 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 740, Ajmer Singh vs State of Haryana, decided by Hon'ble Supreme Court on 15.02.2010, K. R. Vengadeswar vs NCB decided by Hon'ble High Court on 10.01.2014 and M. Prabhulal vs Asstt. Director DRI, 2003 (3) CC Cases (SC) 67, the statement of the DRI officers cannot be disbelieved on account of nonexamination of public witnesses. Their statements constitute cogent and legally acceptable evidence on which conviction can be recorded exclusively. In this regard reliance is placed on Krishna Mochi and ors. Vs State of Bihar and others 2002 (2) CC Cases (SC) 58.
5.10 There is no reason for the DRI to falsely implicate the accused and therefore, nonexamination of public witnesses is immaterial. Reliance is placed in this regard on Sumit Tomar vs State of Punjab 2012 (10) SCALE, State of Punjab vs Balwant Rai 2005 (1) JCC (Narcotics) 103, P. P. Beeran vs State of Kerala II (2001) SLT 779, Ajmer Singh vs State of Haryana decided by Hon'ble Supreme Court on 15.02.2009, K. R. Vengadewar vs NCB decided Hon'ble High Court on 10.01.2014, Arif Butt vs State 2005 (1) CC cases (HC) 64, Amjad Shahi vs State 2005 (1) CC Cases (HC) 68, M. Prabhulal vs The Asstt. Director DRI - 2003 (3) CC cases (SC) 67 and Nwadike Ugo Ben vs State V 197 2013 DLT 740. 5.11 On the compliance of Section 55 of NDPS Act also various judgments have been relied upon by Learned Senior SPP for DRI in the written submissions filed by him. Regarding the discrepancies/contradictions DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 27 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 Learned Senior SPP submits that there is no major discrepancy or contradiction which can go to the route of the matter and in this regard he has relied upon Amrita @ Amrit Lal vs State of M. P. 2004 (1) CC Cases SC 220 as well as on three other judgments which are mentioned in the written submissions. Regarding the appreciation of evidence, reliance is placed upon the judgment by Hon'ble Supreme Court in State of Punjab vs Ramdev Singh 2004 (1) CC Cases (SC) 23 and two other judgments which are mentioned in the written submissions.
Arguments of Learned counsel for accused 6.1 Learned counsel for the accused has also filed written submission. Learned counsel placed on record the copies of the authorities relied upon by him. He also submitted oral arguments. It is submitted by Learned counsel for accused that the accused did not make the statement u/s 67 of NDPS Act voluntarily and it was retracted promptly. In support of his argument that the statement cannot be the basis of conviction of the accused, he has relied upon the judgments in Jagroop Singh @ Ceeta vs DRI, Noor Aga vs State of Punjab and others & Union of India vs Bal Mukund (2009) 12 SCC 161. According to Learned counsel, the entire story of the prosecution regarding the recovery and the seizure of the contraband is doubtful and improbable. Though the prosecution claims that there were many officers in the raiding team but the documents were not signed by the other members of team. The panchnama was signed by the complainant/PW DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 28 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 4 and no other member of the raiding team. This makes the case of the prosecution doubtful and in this regard Learned counsel relied upon in Jagroop Singh @ Ceeta vs DRI.
6.2 The address of the driver of the Indica Car Sh. Manoj Sharma was not verified though his statement was allegedly recorded by PW9. The addresses of the two alleged independent witnesses have also been found to be incorrect. PW4 and PW6 could not tell the description of the two panch witnesses though the witnesses allegedly remained with them for considerable time. These facts create serious doubt regarding the existence of the witnesses. In this regard Learned counsel relied upon NCB vs Anju Tiwari, Mohd. Masoom vs NCT of Delhi, Ambrose vs DRI and Nnandi K. Iheayni vs NCB. PW13 Sh. Shiv Pal has not supported the prosecution. In his examinationinchief he has stated that the driver Sh. Manoj Sharma told him that when he stopped the car at DLF, Gurgaon the police officials encircled the car and they were brought to an office at Lodhi Road. This statement of PW13 falsifies the case of the prosecution that the Tata Indica Car fled from the spot with the accused Harish Joshi on board and that it was intercepted at Shiv Murti near Mahipalpur, Delhi. PW14 Sh. Satish Kumar has stated that during the relevant period, he was working as security officer at DLF PhaseV, DLF Exclusive Floors, Gurgaon. In his crossexamination he stated that he does remember that on 08.09.2008 at about 06:30pm one person was taken away by some officials from the gate of DLF Exclusive DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 29 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 Floors. He also admitted that the Commissioner of Police, Gurgaon visited the apartments to investigate the matter. This also nullifies the claim of the prosecution regarding the manner in which the accused was apprehended and the contraband was recovered.
6.3 The raiding team was not carrying the Field Testing Kit and weighing scale. It is unnatural that the accused decided that he should not be searched at the place where he was allegedly apprehended. It is clear that the intention of DRI from the beginning was to take away the accused to its office. Regarding the failure of the DRI to conduct the proceedings at Shiv Murti and to prepare the panchnama, the attention of Learned counsel was drawn to the judgment by Hon'ble Supreme Court in the matter of Khet Singh vs Union of India AIR 2002 SC 1450. Learned counsel submitted that the judgment has to be considered in its totality and it infact supports him. PW6 submitted in his examinationinchief that notice u/s 50 of NDPS Act was served upon the persons who were apprehended so that they could be searched in the office of DRI. PW4 has stated that the Deputy Director Sh. Atul Handa directed them to take the persons to DRI office. All this shows that DRI had no intention to conduct the proceedings at the spot and this creates doubt regarding the entire story of the prosecution. 6.4 Prosecution has not produced the valuable godown register to prove the deposit of the case property by DRI to the valuable godown at New Custom House and this goes against the prosecution in view of State of Rajasthan vs Gurmail Singh (citation not mentioned in the written DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 30 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 argument).
6.5 No efforts were made by DRI to trace Sanjay who was the alleged supplier of the drugs and who allegedly escaped from the spot. The accused Anil Mohan could have been taken to Dasna Jail to identify Sanjay by seeing the photographs in the records but it was not done. DRI stopped after writing letter to Superintendent, Dasna Jail and no serious efforts were made to trace Sanjay. This shows that the entire story regarding the plan to deliver the drugs to the accused Harish Joshi is concocted. PW4 has admitted that members of raiding team were in civil dress and their vehicle also did not have any mark which could show that it was vehicle of a law enforcement agency. Therefore, there was no reason for Sanjay or others to flee from the spot as they would not have been alarmed by the appearance of the members of the raiding team. This also creates doubt on the version of the prosecution.
6.6 PWSh. M. P. S. Chauhan was present in the Court on 27.10.2016 when PW14 Sh. Satish Kumar was examined. PW14 made statement against the prosecution in his crossexamination and therefore PWSh. M. P. S Chauhan was deliberately dropped as he would have also deposed against the prosecution regarding the manner in which the accused Harish Joshi was apprehended.
6.7 In the panchnama the seized substance was mentioned as "Opium Alkaloid" and in his deposition before the Court also the complainant/PW4 stated that the substance was "Opium Alkaloid". However, DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 31 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 the test result of the sample dated 22.10.2008 mentioned the substance as Heroin. Accused applied for retesting which was allowed by Learned Predecessor of this Court vide order 21.01.2011. DRI challenged the order before Hon'ble High Court and the petition was dismissed by Hon'ble High Court vide order dated 21.08.2014. The second report of CRCL dated 21.01.2015 again shows presence of Diacetyl Morphine (Heroin) but the percentage is substantially reduced as compared to the first report. PW8 Sh. R. P. Singh, Chemical Examiner has admitted in his crossexamination that if the result shows Opium or Heroin, it can be safely assumed that the sample was from different source. At the stage of arguments, Learned counsel for the accused filed written submissions on this point with literature and he also produced an Expert. It was stated that the change in the composition of the substance as mentioned in the second report of CRCL is abnormal if it is compared to the first report. It is evident that the sample which was sent to the CRCL was not from the substance which was allegedly recovered and there is also tampering with the sample and the case property. 6.8 The crossexamination of PW4 and PW6 shows that it is highly improbable that the accused and the other persons could have escaped and crossed the Gurgaon Toll Plaza while under chase by the DRI team. The team did not make call to the police to set up barricade to apprehend the Indica Car. It is admitted by them that many times they lost sight of the car. The car could not have crossed the toll plaza without payment of the toll charges and the car would have been apprehended there only if the story of DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 32 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 the prosecution was true.
6.9 Learned counsel further submitted that prosecution has failed to prove its case. The possession and recovery of the contraband from the accused is not proved. Relying upon Ritesh Chakarvarti vs State of M. P. (supra), it is submitted that suspicion however high cannot take place of proof. The documents produced by the mobile service provider in respect of the numbers in the name of Sh. Prateek Jain and Sh. Sunny Dev Nath are not supported by the certificate u/s 65B of the Evidence Act and therefore they are not admissible in evidence.
Analysis 7.1 Learned counsel for the accused has not disputed the statutory compliances. His thrust is on two issues. Firstly the recovery and secondly the nature of the substance which was allegedly recovered. I shall firstly examine the issue regarding recovery.
7.2 To raise the presumption against the accused u/s 35 and Section 54 of NDPS Act, it is the duty of the prosecution to prove beyond reasonable doubt that the accused was in possession of the contraband. If the prosecution is able to show that the accused was in possession of the contraband, the onus would be on the accused to prove that it was not conscious possession.
7.3 The version of the prosecution regarding the manner of interception and the version of the accused regarding his arrest have already been noted above. Learned counsel for the accused has referred to the DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 33 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 testimony of PW4 Sh. Alkesh Rao, PW5 Sh. Ramesh Kumar and PW6 Sh. Sanjeev Gautam. PW4 and PW6 were part of the raiding team which intercepted the accused. PW5 Sh. Ramesh Kumar is the SIO before whom the secret information Ex. PW4/A was firstly put up by PW4 and in turn PW 5 had put up the information before PW8A Sh. Nilank Kumar, Asstt. Director. 7.4 PW4 has stated in his crossexamination that he did not remember the name of the support staff who called the panch witnesses Sh. Omvir and Sh. Raj Kumar. There were many traffic signals on the route on which the DRI team chased the Indica car. There was heavy rush at the toll plaza. The DRI team did not use any special passage for emergency vehicles to exit the toll plaza. They lost sight of Indica car many times. The Indica car exited the toll plaza in a normal manner. The DRI team did not come out of their vehicle at the toll plaza to look for the Indica car. They knew that Indica car was heading for Delhi but they did not seek the help of Delhi police or Gurgaon police to put up barricades and intercept the car. PW4 did not verify the addresses of the panch witnesses. Testimony of PW6 is also on the same lines. PW5 admitted that the panch witnesses remained with him for long time but he could not give their description.
7.5 In many cases of DRI and NCB the addresses of the panch witnesses have been found to be incorrect and for this reason they are not examined during the trial. This issue has come up before our Hon'ble High Court in many cases. In the matter of Nandi K. Iheanyi vs NCB MANU/DE/2069/2014, this has been taken adversely to the prosecution and DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 34 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 in some cases such as Rapheal vs Devender Singh 2015 SCC OnLine, Delhi 9864, this did not go against the prosecution. In Netrapal vs NCB 2015 SCC OnLine Del. 11840, Hon'ble High Court disapproved the practice of nonverification of the addresses of the panch witnesses, however, the conviction was sustained. Hon'ble High Court held that conviction can be based even on the statement of a single witness if he is consistent. Analysis of the judgements on this point would show that nonexamination of the panch witnesses due to their addresses being incorrect may be one of the grounds for acquittal where there are infirmities in the testimony of official witnesses but this cannot be sole ground to doubt the case of the prosecution and to acquit the accused.
7.6 In the crossexamination of PW4 suggestion has been given that the public witnesses were stock witnesses and at the same time suggestion has been given that the public witnesses did not exist and they were never joined in the raid on 08.09.2008. Either the witnesses could be stock witnesses or they did not exist. Both situations are not possible simultaneously. The panchnama dated 08/09.09.2008 Ex. PW4/F is signed by PW4, Anil Mohan, Harish Joshi, Manoj Kumar and the panch witnesses Raj Kumar and Omvir. If the panch witnesses did not sign in presence of accused Harish Joshi, his stand would have been that the panch witnesses never joined the raid and did not sign the panchnama in his presence. The question of panch witnesses being stock witnesses would not arise in such case. If the panch witnesses were stock witnesses and they signed the DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 35 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 panchnama, the question of them being nonexistent would not arise. Sh. Raj Kumar and Sh. Omvir were not the only witnesses. Manoj Kumar who was driver of the Indica car was also witness. He could not be served but it cannot be said that he did not exist. In his statement u/s 313 Cr. PC, the accused has himself stated that Manoj Kumar was with him in the vehicle of DRI when he was allegedly being brought to Delhi from Gurgaon. The statement u/s 67 of NDPS Act by Sh. Suraj Kumar and the deposition of PW13 Sh. Shivpal shows that Manoj Kumar was driver of the Indica car and he was in the office of DRI till the morning of 09.09.2008. When this Court asked Learned counsel for the accused as to why he did not summon the security guard who lodged DD no. 38 at PS Sushant Lok, Gurgaon. Learned counsel submitted that the security guards move from one job to the other and it is hard to find their address. Address of the security guard Sh. Surender Kumar is mentioned in the DD entry mark PW4/P1. If it is natural for a security guard working with a security agency providing services at a premium apartment to be not traceable, it can also happen with the panch witnesses who do not come from well to do sections of the society. It is to be noted that DRI has not tried to withhold any witness. They even summoned PW14 Sh. Satish Kumar security supervisor of DLF, who according to the contents of mark PW4/P1 made the telephone call to the police on receiving the information from security guard regarding abduction of the accused Harish Joshi. DRI also tried to serve the panch witnesses as well as the driver of the Indica car. Examinationinchief of PW4 started before this Court on 21.07.2010 and his DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 36 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 crossexamination started on 19.03.2013. PW5 was crossexamined on 08.12.2015. PW6 was crossexamined on 27.01.2016. There was long gap between the date of arrest and examination of the witnesses. Failure of the witnesses to remember the appearance of the panch witnesses Sh. Omvir and Sh. Raj Kumar is not unnatural. The discussion below would show that the in present case accused cannot benefit from the fact that the two panch witnesses were not served and examined before this Court as witnesses by the prosecution.
7.7 Learned counsel for the accused asked PW4 and PW6 in the crossexamination whether the DRI officers were in uniform and they answered in negative. Learned counsel for the accused argued that DRI vehicle had no special identification mark to show that it was a vehicle of a law enforcing agency. The DRI team was not in uniform. There was no reason for the accused or the occupants of Indica car to panic on seeing the DRI team who appeared like normal persons and there is no reason why they would try to flee from the spot on seeing them. This argument can hold good for a normal person who is not part of any plan to commit any offence specially under the NDPS Act. People who indulge in activities in contravention to the NDPS Act, are more vigilant and they can sense the presence of law enforcing agency on seeing a team of persons moving towards them. Therefore, I do not find it unnatural that Sanjay fled from the spot on seeing the DRI team and the accused Harish Joshi fled from the spot in the Indica car on seeing the team.
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7.8 In the crossexamination of PW4 and PW6 no new admissions
regarding the manner of interception have come which were not in the contemplation of the accused while pursuing his bail application before Hon'ble High Court. His bail application no. 2449/2008 was allowed by Hon'ble Delhi High Court vide judgement dated 16.01.2009. In paragraph 41 to 46 of the judgement, Hon'ble High Court discussed about the doubts and the improbabilities of the story of DRI regarding the manner of interception of the Indica car and observed that the version of DRI primafacie did not inspire confidence. However, in the concluding part of paragraph 46 of the judgement, Hon'ble High Court also observed "primafacie do not inspire confidence in the Court, though they may not be improbable." The accused had relied upon media reports. In paragraph 48 of the judgement, Hon'ble High Court observed "they are all defences available to the petitioner which he is entitled to raise at the relevant stage of trial." 7.9 Before this Court, accused did not rely upon any media report or material for which observation was made by Hon'ble High Court in paragraph 48 of the judgement dated 16.01.2009. The accused relied upon DD entry mark P1. He did not prove this DD entry by calling the record from PS Sohna, Gurgaon. It was submitted by Learned counsel for accused that the DD entries are weeded out. The accused was assisted by learned counsel right from the beginning. The evidence on record which has also been put to the accused in his statement u/s 313 Cr. PC shows that the same Learned DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 38 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 counsel was also guiding the witness Ms. Anupama Menon. She appeared before DRI only after bail was granted to the accused Harish Joshi by Hon'ble High Court vide order dated 16.01.2009. The accused knew that the DD entries are weeded out periodically and he should have made prayer to the Court to pass an order for preservation of the DD entry. He did not take any such step.
7.10 The accused himself does not want to rely upon the DD entry in its totality. If we compare the contents of the DD entry mark PW4/P1 with the statement of the accused u/s 313 Cr. PC, the contents of the DD entry appear to be doubtful. In the DD entry it is stated that the accused was walking near "Pawan Dhari" . Learned counsel for the accused submitted that it is actually Pawan Dhariwal and not Pawan Dhari. Pawan Dhariwal was a friend and business associate of the accused. The prosecution tried to serve him also to examine him as a witness before this Court but he could not be served. The accused himself did not make any attempt to examine Sh. Pawan Dhariwal. Accused has stated that he was walking inside the complex. He did not say that he was taking a walk with Sh. Pawan Dhariwal. In the DD entry, it is stated that Indica car had one driver and two occupants. According to the DD entry, all three occupants of the Indica car were taken away by the DRI team with the accused Harish Joshi. The entire incident happened in front of the accused Harish Joshi but he does not say anything about the third occupant of the Indica car. It is also important to note that the DD entry was closed on 09.09.2008 with the observation "jo rapat haja kidnap baare koi DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 39 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 sachchai nahin paai gai (in the DD entry, the allegation of kidnapping was not found to be true)". We regularly see that after the arrest of an accused, fax messages are sent to the higher police officials alleging illegal detention of the accused from a place other than the point of arrest shown by the police. The duty is on the accused to prove his version though, the duty is not as high as on the prosecution to prove its case beyond reasonable doubt. The accused took no steps to clarify the observations made to close the DD entry. 7.11 In his statement u/s 67 of NDPS Act Ex. PW4/5, the accused Harish Joshi disclosed the mobile number used by Sanjay. He also disclosed his own mobile number. The CDR of mobile number 9958005243 which was issued in the name of one Sunny Dev Nath and stated to be used by Sanjay is Ex. PW11/B. The CDR of mobile number 9899945444 which was in the name of Ms. Anupama Menon and being used by the accused Harish Joshi is Ex. PW10/E. The CDRs are for the period 08.08.2008 to 09.09.2008. At the stage of arguments, Learned counsel for the accused argued that the CDRs are not admissible in evidence for want of certificate u/s 65B of Indian Evidence Act. In support of his arguments, he relied upon judgement by Hon'ble Supreme Court in Anvar P. V. vs P. K. Basheer and ors. 2015 [1] JCC 214 and judgement by Hon'ble Delhi High Court in the matter of Ankur Chawla vs CBI and ors. Criminal Revision no. 385/2012 decided on 20.11.2014. There is no dispute that the CDRs need to be supported by certificate u/s 65B of Indian Evidence Act as held by Hon'ble Supreme Court DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 40 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 in Anvar P. V. case, however, in the present case the CDRs can still be relied upon in view of judgement by Hon'ble Supreme Court in the matter of Sonu @ Amar vs State of Haryana (2017) 8 SCC 570. Hon'ble Supreme Court held that the CDRs are not inherently inadmissible in evidence and the party objecting to the exhibition of the CDR in absence of the certificate u/s 65B of Indian Evidence Act should raise the objection when the CDRs are being exhibited. In the present case, the accused did not raise any objection when the CDRs were being exhibited alongwith Consumer Application Form (CAF). In Kundan Singh vs the State 2015 SCC OnLine Del. 13647, Hon'ble Divison Bench of Hon'ble Delhi High Court held that the view take by Hon'ble Single Bench in Ankur Chawla vs CBI was not the correct view. Therefore, the CDRs are to be read in evidence. Perusal of CDRs shows that the accused Harish Joshi had multiple conversations with Sanjay from 23.08.2008 till the date of interception. The last call was made by accused Harish Joshi to Sanjay on 08.09.2008 at 06:26pm and the call lasted for 43 seconds.
7.12 In his statement u/s 313 Cr. PC dated 13.02.2017 in response to the questions regarding mobile calls between him and Sanjay, he stated that he did not know Sanjay. In his statement u/s 313 Cr. PC dated 06.06.2018, he was asked about the statement of Ms. Anupama Menon Ex. PW4/Y u/s 67 of NDPS Act wherein she had stated that she had obtained mobile number 9899945444 but it was used by the accused Harish Joshi. In answer to question no. 4 in this regard he simply stated that "it is incorrect." In the DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 41 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 crossexamination of PW9 some suggestion was given and it is important to note the relevant portion of the crossexamination of PW9 dated 27.01.2016. It reads as "It is wrong to suggest that I had threatened the accused Harish Joshi at his residence in the presence of Ms. Anupama Menon after the accused was released on bail." The Learned counsel who represented the accused during trial was also in touch with Ms. Anupama Menon and advising her when she was summoned by DRI. When asked about this fact, in his statement u/s 313 Cr. PC, the accused stated that he did not know what Ms. Anupama Menon did as he was in jail. The suggestion given by PW9 shows that even after his release on bail, the accused was in touch with Ms. Anupama Menon. The statement of Ms. Anupama Menon Ex. PW4/Y u/s 67 of NDPS Act is admissible u/s 53 A of the Act. The accused had multiple conversations with the person using mobile phone number 9958005243 whose name was disclosed by him and by Anil Mohan as Sanjay but he remained in denial while giving his answers u/s 313 Cr.PC. At the fag end of final arguments, Learned counsel for accused submitted that accused used to talk to many persons in connection with his business and he did not remember the person using mobile phone number 9958005243. This explanation cannot be accepted as it is not the stand of the accused during trial. It is apparent that the accused deliberately remained evasive regarding his use of mobile phone number 9899945444 and his conversations with the person called Sanjay using mobile phone number 9958005243. Adverse inference is to be drawn against him as held by Hon'ble Supreme Court in DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 42 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 Phula Singh vs State of Himachal Pradesh AIR 2014 SC 1256. 7.13 PW4 stated that the members of DRI team did not chase Sanjay when he ran away from the spot near DLF Exclusive Floors. One way to look at it is that it is unnatural that he would not be chased while he was trying to flee on foot. The other way to look at it is that the contraband was in the Indica car. The accused Harish Joshi boarded the car and the car sped away. DRI team was having one vehicle. They could either chase Sanjay or the Indica car. Common sense tells that it was prudent to chase the Indica car instead of running after Sanjay. Anil Mohan had disclosed that he met Sanjay in Dasna Jail, Ghaziabad. Letter Ex. PW17/A dated 18.12.2008 was written by PW17 Sh. M. S. Yadav SIO to the Superintendent Jail to get the details of Sanjay. The Superintendent jail replied that in absence of incomplete particulars, the requisite information could not be provided. Failure of DRI to take Anil Mohan to Dasna Jail to identify Sanjay by photographs of the jail inmates, does not create a ground in favour of accused Harish Joshi. No adverse inference can be drawn against the prosecution for not chasing Sanjay on 08.09.2008 when he escaped. Prosecution has placed on record CDR of mobile phone of Sanjay which had the Cell tower locations. The location of Sanjay at 06:26pm when he had the conversation with the accused Harish Joshi could be found out from the Cell ID appearing in Ex. PW11/B. Prosecution did not try to hide this fact. The Court called for the Cell ID data as mentioned above but it was not produced DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 43 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 by the Bharti Airtel Ltd. on the ground that the data was not preserved. Prosecution did not call for the data during evidence as they had the admission of the accused, coaccused Anil Mohan who expired and the statement of the driver Manoj Kumar to show the presence of Sanjay at the spot. It is to be noted that accused cannot forget about the location of the person with whom he had conversation at 06:26pm i.e. just before he fled from the spot in the Indica car but he preferred to maintain silence in this regard.
7.14 Accused confronted PW4 with a site plan of DLF Exclusive Floors. The site plan was given identification no. mark PW4/D1. This site plan was relied upon by the accused in support of his contention that the DRI vehicle and the Indica car entered the DLF Exclusive Floors, main gate and thereafter, came out. PW4 stated that he could not understand the site plan in absence of the directions such as North, South etc. The accused did not call the architect who prepared the site plan. PW14 was aware of the topography of DLF Exclusive Floors as on 08.09.2008. Accused could have got the site plan admitted from him but it was not done. In fact, PW14 was not even asked whether in the given circumstances, it was not possible for the Indica car and the DRI vehicle to take a U turn without first entering the main gate of DLF Exclusive Floors.
7.15 Prosecution examined PW14 Sh Satish Kumar regarding the search conducted at flat no. 7/1, DLF Exclusive Floors on 09.09.2008. In the crossexamination he was asked whether he remembered that on 08.09.2008 DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 44 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 at about 06:30pm one person was taken away by some officials from the gate of DLF Exclusive Floors. He answered in affirmative. He also admitted that Sh. Mohinder Lal, Commissioner of Police, Gurgaon had visited DLF Exclusive Floors. However, he also stated that the supervisor at the main gate of DLF Exclusive Floors had informed him that the officials had taken away the resident of flat no. 7/1. This statement shows that he had himself not witnessed the officials taking away the resident of flat no. 7/1. As per the contents of DD entry 38 mark PW4/P1 also he was allegedly informed by the security guard about the incident. Therefore, no reliance can be placed on his admission that the officials had taken away a person from the main gate of DLF Exclusive Floors. It is also to be noted that as per the contents of mark PW4/P1, he had informed the police on telephone after receiving the information from the security guard but while deposing before this Court as PW14, he did not make any such statement.
7.16 PW13 Sh. Shiv Pal stated in his examinationinchief that Manoj Kumardriver of the Indica car had told him that he had taken the car to Gurgaon with Anil and one more person. The second person got down at Gurgaon to answer the call of nature. As soon as he stopped the car at DLF Gurgaon, the police officials encircled the car and it was brought to office at Lodhi Road. He also stated that the driver told him that Heroin worth Rs. 5 crore was recovered from the car. Learned counsel for the accused relied upon statement of PW13 that the driver told him about the interception of the car at Gurgaon. No weightage can be given to the statement of PW14 as in DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 45 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 his crossexamination he denied the suggestion that DRI officials had dictated the contents of his statement Ex. PW4/V u/s 67 of NDPS Act. He categorically stated that he told whatever was asked and he himself wrote his statement. In the statement Ex. PW4/V, he stated that he was told by the driver that the accused Harish Joshi got into the car at Gurgaon and asked him to drive towards Delhi. The car was finally intercepted near Shiv Murti Mahipal Pur. PW14 had no personal knowledge of what happened on 08.09.2008. His statement in favour of the accused in the examinationin chief is demolished by his own statement in the crossexamination. Therefore, no adverse inference can be drawn against the prosecution on the basis of statement of PW14 as argued by Learned counsel for the accused. 7.17 Prosecution dropped the witness Sh. M. P. S. Chauhan. Accused did not raise any objection and also did not request the Court to examine him as a Court witness or to summon him as a defence witness. Sh. M. P.S. Chauhan was a panch witness of the search conducted on 09.09.2008. It is a far fetched argument that he was dropped as he was going to depose that the accused Harish Joshi was lifted from the main gate of DLF Exclusive Floors on 08.09.2008.
7.18 It is not the case of the accused that there were any CCTV cameras at the gate of DLF Exclusive Floors and he has not raised issue about any recording at the toll plaza to show the movement of the vehicles. He has not pointed out what evidence could have been collected by DRI from the toll plaza to support its version which they deliberately did not collect as DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 46 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 they had apprehended the accused and the occupants of the Indica car at DLF Exclusive Floors itself instead of intercepting them near Shiv Murti Mahipal Pur.
7.19 Learned counsel for the accused argued that the statement of PW4 and PW6 shows that they had no intention to conduct any proceeding at the alleged spot of interception. In view of judgement by Hon'ble Supreme Court in Khet Singh vs Union of India AIR 2002 SC 1450, the proceedings should have been conducted at the spot. It is strange that the accused would select the venue of search. According to Learned counsel for the accused, these facts point towards correctness of the stand taken by the accused that he was not intercepted in the Indica car at Shiv Murti Mahipal Pur and in fact he was lifted from the main gate of DLF Exclusive Floors, Gurgaon with the plan to bring him to the DRI office at Delhi. In Khet Singh's case, Hon'ble Supreme Court observed that as per instructions of NCB, the seizure memo (mazhar) should be prepared at the spot. However, Hon'ble Supreme Court also noted that in certain cases it may not be feasible to do so. In the concluding part of the judgement, Hon'ble Supreme Court observed that, "law on the point is very clear that even if there is any sort of procedural illegality in conducting the search and seizure, the evidence collected thereby will not become inadmissible and the Court would consider all the circumstances and find out whether any serious prejudice had been caused to the DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 47 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 accused. If the search and seizure was incomplete defiance of the law and procedure and there was any possibility of the evidence likely to have been tampered with or interpolated during the course of such search or seizure, then, it could be said that the evidence is not liable to be admissible in evidence."
The place of interception i.e. Shiv Murti, Mahipal Pur was a busy highway. It was natural for the DRI team not to conduct the search at the place of interception. Therefore, in the facts of the case, no adverse inference is to be drawn on this count.
7.20 Prosecution has examined PW4 and PW6 only from the raiding team of 08.09.2008. Sh. Atul Handa, Deputy Director who was heading the raiding team on 08.09.2008 and the other members of the raiding team have not been examined. The documents did not bear signatures of Sh. Atul Handa the other members of the raiding team. Therefore, no purpose would have been served even by their examination. 7.21 From the testimony of PW4, PW5 and PW6, nothing has emerged to doubt the correctness of the seizure of contraband. The statement of PW5, in his crossexamination that he had handed over the samples and the case property to PW4 for safe custody and had not deposited the same in the malkhana does not support any inference of tampering with the case property and the samples. The issue of non production of valuable godown register will be dealt with subsequently.
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7.22 According to the secret information Ex.PW4/A, concrete
information was received at 03:00pm by PW4 that a person would be coming in Indica car number UP14AK0505 carrying narcotic drugs concealed in a suitcase which would be transferred to another person who would come opposite DLF golf course at about 06:00pm. If the statements of the accused Harish Joshi and Anil Mohan u/s 67 of NDPS Act were to be believed, the Indica car should have been moving from about 02:00pm to 05:00pm. It has already been mentioned above that the CDR of mobile phone of Sanjay which is Ex. PW11/B shows that location of Sanjay was fixed at Cell tower no. 45743 from 14:57:10 hours to 05:01:18 hours. Thereafter, he moved and at 18:26:09 hours his location was at Cell tower no. 01083 when he received the call from the accused Harish Joshi. The fact that there was no movement of Sanjay during the period mentioned above corroborates the correctness of the intelligence report Ex. PW4/A. 7.23 It would be important to note the observations by Hon'ble Supreme Court in the matter of State of UP vs Awdesh (2008) 16 SCC 238. In this judgment, Hon'ble Supreme Court explained what is reasonable doubt. Paragraph 11 of the judgment is reproduced and the same reads as:
"22. A person has, no doubt, a profound right not to be convicted of an offence which is not established by the evidential standard of proof beyond reasonable doubt. Though this standard is a higher standard, there is, however, no absolute standard. What degree of DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 49 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 probability amounts to 'proof' is an exercise particular to each case. Referring to the interdependence of evidence and the confirmation of one piece of evidence by another, a learned author says [see 'The Mathematics of Proof II': Glanville Williams, Criminal Law Review, 1979, by Sweet and Maxwell, p. 340 (342)]:
'the simple multiplication rule does not apply if the separate pieces of evidence are dependent. Two events are dependent when they tend to occur together, and the evidence of such events may also said to be dependent. In a criminal case, different pieces of evidence directed to establishing that the defendant did the prohibited act with the specified state of mind are generally dependent. A junior may feel doubt whether to credit an alleged confession, and doubt whether to infer guilt from the fact that the defendant fled from justice. But since it is generally guilty rather than innocent people who make confessions, and guilty rather than innocent people who run away, the two doubts are not to be multiplied together. The one piece of evidence may confirm the other.'
23. Doubts would be called reasonable if they are free from a zest for abstract speculation. Law cannot afford any favourite other than truth. To constitute reasonable doubt, it must be free from an overemotional response. Doubts must be actual and substantial doubts as to the guilt of the accused persons arising from the DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 50 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 evidence, or from the lack of it, as opposed to mere vague apprehensions. A reasonable doubt is not an imaginary, trivial or a merely possible doubt, but a fair doubt based upon reason and common sense. It must grow out of the evidence in the case.
24. The concepts of probability, and the degrees of it, cannot obviously be expressed in terms of units to be mathematically enumerated as to how many of such units constitute proof beyond reasonable doubt. There is an unmistakable subjective element in the evaluation of the degrees of probability and the quantum of proof. Forensic probability must, in the last analysis, rest on a robust common sense and, ultimately, on the trained intuitions of the judge. While the protection given by the criminal process to the accused persons is not to be eroded, at the same time, uninformed legitmisation of trivialities would make a mockery of administration of criminal justice. This position was illuminatingly stated by Venkatachaliah, J. (as His Lordship then was) in State of U. P. vs Krishna Gopal.
7.24 In State of Haryana vs Bhagirath and others (1999) 5 SCC 96, Hon'ble Supreme Court held in paragraph 8 of the judgment that "it is nearly impossible in any criminal trial to prove all the elements with a scientific precision. A criminal Court would be convinced of the guilt only beyond the range of a reasonable doubt. Of course, the expression DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 51 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 "reasonable doubt" is in capable of definition . The modern thinking is in the favour of the view that proof beyond a reasonable doubt is the same as the proof which affords moral certainty to the judge." In paragraph 9 of the judgement Hon'ble Supreme Court quoted passage from Francis Wharton's book Wharton's Criminal Evidence (page 31, Vol.I of the 12 th Edition) and the passage reads as "it is difficult to define the phrase 'reasonable doubt'.
However, in all criminal cases a careful explanation of the term ought to be given. A definition often quoted or followed is that given by Chief Justice Shaw in Webster case. He says : 'it is not mere possible doubt, because everything related to human affairs and depending upon moral evidence is open to some possible or imaginary doubt. It is that state of the case which, after the entire comparison and consideration of all the evidence, leaves the minds of the jurors in that consideration that they cannot say they feel and abiding conviction to a moral certainty of the truth of the charge." 7.25 While disposing of the bail application of the accused Harish Joshi, Hon'ble High Court also observed that the version of DRI may not be improbable. The fact that the DRI team lost sight of the Indica car no. UP14 AK0505 several times during the chase, that they did not seek help of the police to put barricades and that they did not get down from their vehicle at toll plaza or at the traffic signals during the chase, does not necessarily mean that the story of chase and interception at Shiv Murti Mahipal Pur is false. Different people can act in different manner in the same set of situations. The DRI team acted in a particular manner in the given circumstances. The DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 52 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 possibility that they could have acted in some other manner also, does not mean that their version is false. After entire comparison and consideration of all the evidence in this case and the answers given by the accused Harish Joshi, I do not find any reasonable doubt against the case set up by the prosecution which may prevent this Court from having the moral certainty to hold that the accused Harish Joshi was intercepted by the DRI team on 08.09.2008 near Shiv Murti, Mahipal Pur after he fled from the DLF Exclusive Floors in Indica car no. UP14 AK0505 with the coaccused Anil Mohan and the driver Manoj Sharma.
7.26 The issues whether the statement u/s 67 of NDPS Act is hit by Section 25 of the Indian Evidence Act and whether conviction can be based solely on the statement of the accused u/s 67 of NDPS Act has been referred to larger bench by Hon'ble Supreme Court in the matter of Toofan Singh vs State of Punjab (2013) 16 SCC 31. In the matter of Ram Singh vs Central Bureau of Narcotics (2011) 11 SCC 347, Hon'ble Supreme Court held that whether the confession was voluntary or not is to be judged from the facts of the case. Before acting solely on confession, as a rule of prudence, Court requires some corroboration but as an abstract proposition of law, it cannot be said that the conviction cannot be maintained solely on the confession made u/s 67 of the NDPS Act. Therefore, the law as on date is that the statement of the accused u/s 67 of NDPS can be used against them if it is shown to be voluntary and corroborated by the evidence on record. 7.27 The accused Harish Joshi filed retraction application mark DX1.
DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 53 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 In the said retraction application, he stated that he was forced to write the statement u/s 67 of NDPS Act and he did so to save himself from physical abuse. He alleges that due to the assault and not being allowed to use medicine, he lost his eyesight. He also claims that when he was produced before the Court of Ld. ACMM, Patiala House on 09.09.2008 for the first remand, he could not tell anything to the Presiding Officer as there was lot of commotion in the Court. The MLC of the accused Harish Joshi dated 09.09.2008 is Ex. PW4/M. There is no mention of any injury in the MLC. The statement of the accused Harish Joshi u/s 67 of NDPS Act Ex. PW4/5 is substantially corroborated by the evidence led by the prosecution. Therefore, his statement u/s 67 of NDPS Act Ex. PW4/5 can also be relied upon to lend credence to the version of the prosecution regarding the interception and recovery of contraband.
7.28 Though, Learned counsel for accused has not disputed the statutory compliances by DRI under the NDPS Act, it is the duty of the Court to see whether the compliances were made. On receiving the secret information, PW4 recorded the same and it was put up before his immediate superior PW5. PW5 placed the report before the Asstt. Director PW8A. There was compliance of Section 42 (1) of the Act. PW8A made endorsement C1 on the secret information Ex. PW4/A whereby he directed that necessary action be taken for interception. Though, PW8A and PW5 did not issue any search authorization u/s 42 (2) of the Act to PW4 in the printed format, the direction given by PW8A amounts to giving authorization DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 54 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 for search. In the matter of Bahadur Singh vs State of Haryana (2010) 4 SCC 445 Hon'ble Supreme Court held that substantial compliance of Section 42 is enough unless accused can show that he was prejudiced thereby. In Karnail Singh vs State of Haryana (2009) 8 SCC 539, a constitution bench of Hon'ble Supreme Court held that what is substantial compliance will have to be decided in the facts of the particular case. In the present case, the Indica car no UP14AK0505 carrying the suitcase containing the contraband was intercepted in transit near Shiv Murti, Mahipal Pur. It was brought to the DRI office and the suitcase was taken out. The accused had already disclosed at Mahipal Pur that the suitcase contained Heroin. PW8A was a senior gazetted officer. PW6 was also a gazetted officer. Even if we do not count Sh. Atul Handa, who was IRS and a senior officer, the fact that the search was going to be conducted after the Sun set was within the notice of PW8A and he directed that steps be taken for interception. Accused has not shown any prejudice that might have been caused to him by nonissuance of a printed search authorization to PW4 to conduct the rummage/search of the Indica car after the Sun set. Therefore, the provision of Section 42 (2) of the Act was also substantially complied with.
7.29 No recovery was effected from the person of the accused and therefore, Section 50 of NDPS Act has no application. However, the notice u/s 50 of NDPS Act Ex. PW4/B was served upon the accused. He replied that he did not require presence of Magistrate or Gazetted Officer. The seized contraband, samples and the accused were produced before PW5 and DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 55 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 therefore, there was compliance of Section 52 of the Act. PW4 submitted the report Ex. PW4/O to PW5 and therefore, compliance of Section 57 of NDPS Act was also made. DRI made the statutory compliances under the NDPS Act.
7.30 Prosecution has successfully proved beyond reasonable doubt that on 08.09.2008, the accused fled from DLF Exclusive Floors, Gurgaon in Indica car no UP14AK0505. He was aware that the car had a suitcase containing the contraband which was to be delivered to him. In the case of In Mohan Lal vs State of Rajasthan (2015) 6 SCC 222, Hon'ble Supreme Court held that possession is polymorphous term and it would depend upon the facts of the case. In the present case, the accused Harish Joshi was in touch with Sanjay, he fled from the spot in the Indica car and he knew that the car was carrying the contraband. Therefore, he is deemed to be in possession of the contraband even if, it was not physically delivered to him. Once, the possession is established, it is the duty of the accused to show that he had no culpable mental state for which there is presumption u/s 35 of NDPS Act. Presumption u/s 54 of the NDPS Act was also against him. He has failed to rebut the presumption u/s 35 and 54 of NDPS Act. Accordingly, it is held that the prosecution has successfully proved beyond reasonable doubt that on 08.09.2008 in furtherance of the criminal conspiracy he was found in possession of the contraband when intercepted in car no. UP14AK 0505 at about 07:50pm near Shiv Murti, Mahipal Pur.
8.1 Now, I shall take up the issue raised by Learned counsel for the
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accused regarding the nature of the seized substance. In the panchnama dated 08/09.09.2008 Ex. PW4/F, the recovered substance was mentioned as "opium alkaloids". The relevant portion of the panchnama reads as "a pinch of the said powder/granules from each packet was tested with UN Field Testing Kit which gave a positive test for the presence of opium alkaloids in the powder/granules". It is further recorded "Both Sh. Harish Joshi and Anil Mohan confirmed that the said powder/granules was infact heroin." In the report dated 22.10.2008 Ex. PW8/A given by CRCL, the five samples A1 to E1 were found to contain Diacetylmorphine (heroin) with purity percentage 49.0, 82.5, 55.9, 46.5 and 42.8.
8.2 Accused moved an application dated 16.08.2010 for retesting of the case property on the ground that the substance had been described differently in the panchnama and in the report of CRCL. It was also contended that there was difference in the colour and texture of the material as described in the panchnama and what was actually produced before the Court. The application was allowed by my Ld. Predecessor vide order dated 21.01.2011. DRI challenged the said order before Hon'ble High Court and the petition of DRI was dismissed by Hon'ble High Court vide order dated 21.08.2014. Thereafter, fresh samples were drawn before the Court on 17.11.2014 and were handed over to Intelligence Officer Sh. Manish Kalra for depositing the same with CRCL. CRCL tested the samples drawn before the Court and submitted the report dated 21.01.2015 Ex. PW19/B. In this report, the samples AC 1 to EC 1 are shown to contain Diacetylmorphine with purity DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 57 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 percentage 2.9, 2.7, 3.0, 3.2 and 3.3. Besides Diacetylmorphine the sample also contains Morphine with purity percentage 17.3, 20.1, 17.3, 17.2, 17.1 and Monoacetylmorphine with purity percentage 42.8, 42.0, 46.6, 43.0 and 48.2.
8.3 During arguments, attention of Learned counsel for the accused was drawn to the definition under Section 2 (xvi) (b) of NDPS Act which reads as :
opium derivative means
(d) Diacetylmorphine, that is, the alkaloid also known as Diamorphine or heroin and its salts.
8.4 The definition quoted above shows that Diacetylmorphine (heroin) is an opium alkaloid. Learned counsel for the accused sought time to examine the matter and he submitted some literature on the subject and he also produced an expert in the field of agriculture. Learned counsel for the accused still maintained that opium alkaloid and heroin are different substances.
8.5 The stand taken by Learned counsel for the accused that heroin is not opium alkaloid is negated by the definition in the Act as well as by the literature filed by him. In the literature titled "United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime The Opium Alkaloids" it is mentioned in paragraph at page 1 under the heading opium alkaloids that " About twenty other alkaloids exist in opium but they have little or no significance medically or economically to the present time. A number of other "Opium Alkaloids" are commercial products DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 58 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 and are used medically but they are not obtained directly from opium, but conversion of morphine, codeine and thebaine.
8.6 Heroin is prepared by acetylation of morphine. The literature mentioned above shows that heroin is an opium alkaloid. In the cross examination of PW7, it was asked by Learned counsel for the accused whether it is possible that the same sample can test for heroin as well as opium. PW7 stated that he needed to go through books and literature to answer the question. It is to be noted that PW7 was not asked whether heroin is opium alkaloid. The question was wrongly framed. It is not even the case of DRI that opium was recovered. In the panchnama the substance was mentioned as opium alkaloids and not as opium. Same question was put in the crossexamination of PW8 Sh. R. P. Singh, chemical examiner and he answered that if test results show presence of opium or heroin then the samples would be different. Here again, he was not asked whether heroin is an opium alkaloid. The question was wrongly framed and put to the witness. He correctly answered the question which was put to him. PW19 Sh. Ajay Sharma Asstt. Chemical Examiner was also asked the same question in his crossexamination and he stated that a sample cannot give positive result for heroin as well as opium. Here again, he answered the question which was put to him. He was not asked whether heroin is an opium alkaloid. 8.7 There is no substance in the argument of Learned counsel for the accused that doubt is created about the nature of the substance as it was mentioned as opium alkaloid in the panchnama. It is pertinent to note that in DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 59 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 the panchnama itself it is mentioned that the accused Harish Joshi and Anil Mohan admitted that the substance recovered was heroin. 8.8 The next challenge to the recovered substance is based on the difference in the purity percentage of heroin in the two reports of CRCL. Learned counsel for the accused submitted that there is drastic drop in the purity percentage of heroin in the second report Ex. PW19/B as compared to the first report Ex. PW8/A. According to the Learned counsel for accused, such drastic drop is not possible even by passage of time. It was also pointed out by Learned counsel for accused that in the first report there is no presence of monoacetylemorphine and morphine. The total percentage of the contents do not match in the two reports. For example, in the first report Ex. PW8/A, the sample B1 contains 82.5% heroin whereas in the second report the corresponding report BC1 contains 2.7% heroin, 20.1% morphine and 42.0% monoacetylemorphine which adds up to 64.8% only. It was submitted by learned counsel for accused that the difference in the two results is against the law of conservation of mass. It was also pointed out by Learned counsel for the accused that in the first report Ex. PW8/A the substance is mentioned as white coarse powder and lumps whereas in the second report Ex. PW19/B the substance is mentioned as brown coloured lumps and coarse powders.
8.9 In the present case, retesting was done after more than six years. Due to moisture, heat and other atmospheric reasons, there can be deterioration in heroin. Heroin breaks into morphine which further breaks into DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 60 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 monoacetylmorphine. There can also be change in colour of heroin as it gets converted into morphine and monoacetylmorphine. In the matter of Union of India vs Farid 2011 (4) JCC (Narcotics) 213, literature "studies on degradation of heroin" from Forensic Science International 67 (1994) 147154 has been quoted in paragraph 30. For Methnolic solution at ambient temperatures (26 degree centigrade) the degradation of heroin during the first five week period resulted in an average decrease of its heroin content by 90.8%. Complete degradation of the heroin content of all samples was observed at the end of eighth week. Under refrigerated conditions (68 degree centigrade), the degradation of heroin during the five week period resulted in an average decrease in its heroin content by 69.7%. 8.10 The literature quoted in the judgment by Hon'ble Delhi High Court shows that there can be drastic change in the percentage of heroin by passage of time. In the present case, samples were retested after more than six years. Therefore, there is possibility of extreme drop in the percentage of heroin in the second report. PW19 Sh. Ajay Sharma Asstt. Chemical Examiner was specifically asked by the Court to explain the difference and he answered that with passage of time due to moisture, temperature and storage condition, Diacetylmorphine deteriorates and get converted into monoacetylmorphine.
8.11 Similar issue regarding change in the percentage of morphine arose in the matter of Nnadi K. Iheayni vs NCB Crl. A. 1416/2010 decided DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 61 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 by Hon'ble Delhi High Court vide judgment dated 04.09.2014. This judgment has been relied upon by Learned counsel for the accused. In the said case, the expert witness was examined again and the question which remained unanswered/unexplained was absence of two constituents in the second set of samples. The first set of samples showed seven constituents whereas there was complete absence of two constituents in the second set. In the present case, the first report Ex. PW8/A talks about only one constituent that is heroin. It does not mean that there would not have been morphine and monoacetylmorphine in the first sample which are mentioned in the second sample examined by a different expert. It is also to be noted that degradation of Diacetylmorphine results into morphine and monoacetylmorphine. This explains the presence of two additional constituents in the second sample sent for retesting through Court. Accused did not crossexamine the experts on the issues which are sought to be raised during arguments. Accused also did not examine his own expert in evidence. At the stage of arguments accused cannot raise questions which should have been asked to the expert witnesses but not asked and for which he could have also examined his own expert witness but he did not examine one. In the judgment by Hon'ble Delhi High Court it is mentioned in paragraph 44 that the colour may change and become brown (almost black). In the present case, the case property was re tested after six years. Initially, the colour of off white and later on it was found to be brown which is natural due to decomposition of heroin into monoacetylemorphine. The accused got the case property retested by DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 62 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 misrepresenting that heroin is not opium alkaloid and therefore, he cannot be given benefit of the second report. The testimony of PW5, PW7, PW8 and PW12 shows that the first set of five samples were received with the test memos and CRCL in intact condition. Accused has not been able to raise any doubt regarding tampering of the samples. Therefore, the first report Ex. PW8/A is to be accepted as correct.
8.12 In view of above discussion, it is concluded that there is no merit in the argument of Learned counsel for the accused that it is doubtful whether the substance sent to CRCL for testing was the same substance which was allegedly recovered by DRI from the accused. The accused moved an application dated 05.03.2018 u/s 311 Cr. PC seeking permission to examine Dr. Ranjit Kumar Singh, Forensic Expert from Sherlock Institute of Forensic Science Study. An analysis report was also filed with the application. However, this application was not pressed by the accused. 8.13 In the context of identity of the case property, Learned counsel for the accused has also raised the issue of nonproduction of the valuable godown register. Sh. Dharamvir Sharma the then incharge of the valuable godown has been examined by the prosecution as PW2. The valuable godown register was not produced by the prosecution. According to Learned counsel for accused, nonproduction of register casts doubt on the claim of the prosecution that the case property was deposited in the valuable godown, New Customs House on 09.09.2008. Learned Senior SPP for DRI submitted that the register is only a link evidence and nonproduction thereof does not DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 63 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 go to the root of the matter. PW2 has categorically stated that on 09.09.2008 he received the case property from Sh. R. M. Singh (PW3) and he gave the acknowledgement Ex. PW2/A. PW3 Sh. R. M. Singh has also made the same statement.
8.14 PW4 Sh. Alkesh Rao (complainant) deposed that on 09.09.2008 he prepared the inventory of the seized contraband and it was countersigned by PW5 Sh. Ramesh Kumar. The inventory memo is Ex. PW2/A. Facsimile of the seal used for sealing the case property was also affixed on Ex. PW2/A. PW2 has stated that he received the case property in intact condition and he gave the acknowledgement on the deposit memo Ex. PW2/A. PW3 Sh. R. M. Singh has deposed that he deposited the case property with PW2 in intact condition. The case property was produced during the examination of PW4 Sh. Alkesh Rao. The seals were found to be intact and no evidence of tampering was found. The case property was again produced during the examination of PW5 but Learned counsel for the accused submitted that there was no need to open the case property again as it had already been exhibited. The case property was promptly deposited in the valuable godown. There is no evidence of tampering. Therefore, non production of valuable godown register itself does not cast doubt on the identity of the case property. It is pertinent to mention that DRI moved an application u/s 311 Cr. PC on 22.12.2016. In this application, prayer was also made to summon the present incharge of the valuable godown with the Valuable Godown Register to prove the entry regarding deposit of case DRI vs Harish Joshi & anr. Page no. 64 of 66 SC No. 6852/2016 property on 09.09.2008 and deposit of duplicate sample on 18.11.2014. On this application following order was passed by my Learned Predecessor:
"I deem it appropriate to call Sh. Ajay Sharma, who had given CRCL report dated 21.01.2015 at this stage. With regard to rest of the witnesses the application is kept pending and will be considered if need be."
8.15 My Learned Predecessor was also of the opinion that there was no need to summon the incharge, valuable godown with the Valuable Godown Register. It has already been noted above that there is no evidence of tampering and there is no reason to disbelieve the testimony of witnesses regarding deposit of case property in the valuable godown on 09.09.2008. In these circumstances, nonproduction of valuable godown register does not cast any doubt on the claim of the prosecution that the case property was deposited in the valuable godown on 09.09.2008. In the matter of Rapheal vs Devender Singh (Intelligence Officer) (DRI) 2015 SCC Online Del. 9864 also Hon'ble Delhi High Court did not consider nonproduction of valuable godown register to be fatal to the prosecution when the testimony of the witnesses established that the case property was deposited in intact condition in the valuable godown. Therefore, there is no substance in the argument of Learned counsel for the accused that the identity of the case property is doubtful as the valuable godown register has not been produced.
Conclusion
9.1 In view of above discussion, prosecution has proved beyond
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reasonable doubt that on 08.09.2008 at about 07:50pm he was found in conscious possession of Diacetylmorphine (Heroin) having net weight 4.863 kg kept in a suitcase which was being carried in Indica car no. UP14AK 0505 in contravention to Section 8 (c) of NDPS Act and thereby he committed offence punishable u/s 21 (c) of NDPS Act.
9.2 Prosecution has also successfully proved beyond reasonable doubt that the accused Harish Joshi was party to a criminal conspiracy in pursuance of which he was found to be in conscious possession of Heroin as mentioned above. Thereby, the accused Harish Joshi committed offence punishable u/s 29 r/w 21 (c) of NDPS Act.
Order 10.1 The accused Harish Joshi is convicted u/s 21 (c) of NDPS Act and u/s 29 of NDPS Act.
10.2 Copy of the judgment be given to the convict free of cost.
(announced in the RAJESH (Rajesh Kumar Singh )
open Court on KUMAR
SINGH Special Judge (NDPS)
01st September 2018)
Digitally signed by
RAJESH KUMAR
SINGH
South District: Saket
Date: 2018.09.01
16:54:51 +0530
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