Bombay High Court
Ramesh Singh S/O Sunder Singh Thakur vs State Of Maharashtra And Another on 13 April, 1993
Equivalent citations: 1993(3)BOMCR138, 1993CRILJ2743
JUDGMENT B.U. Wahane, J.
1. By this appeal, the appellant/accused has challenged the finding of conviction under section 124, of the Bombay Police Act, recorded by the Additional Sessions Judge, Amravati, vide judgment and order order dated 31-5-1990, sentencing the accused to suffer S.I. for three months and to pay a fine of Rs. 100/- in default to suffer S.I. for one month. Since Shri Daga, the learned counsel for the appellant/accused, challenged the vires of the provisions of Bombay Police Act along with the conviction, this appeal has been placed before the Division Bench. However, the learned counsel for the appellant restricted his arguments only in respect of the conviction, on two grounds. (1) No charge was framed under Section 124 of the Bombay Police Act. The accused/appellant was tried for the offence punishable under section 413 of the Indian Penal Code i.e. habitually dealing in stolen property, and under section 63 of the Copy Right Act. As the appellant was acquitted of both the charges, the learned trial Court ought not to have convicted him under the special statute. Thus, the conviction is bad in law. (2) Considering the period of more than 11 years to ripe the case, leniency be shown to the appellant/accused and he may be released on fine only, either maintaining the same or enhancing the amount.
2. The facts in nutshell to institute the prosecution case against the appellant/accused are that in the year 1981, the Cinema Film Distributors of Amravati gave a report to Police Station Officer, City Kotwali to the effect that some unauthorised person were dealing in distribution of film without having necessary licence or right of distribution. It was also reported that such films were procured by unauthorised dealers either by stealing the films reels from godown of the authorised cine distributors by bringing them from other areas. Thereby they complained that their business was hampered due to illegal distribution made by some persons. Shri Shukla, Police Officer, searched the room where the accused used to stock cinema reels and other material connected with the business of distribution and in that search, he recovered film reels of cinema movie titled as 'Kurbani'. Similarly, various other films reels, about 409 in number, film boxes, empty tin canisters, etc., were seized under the panchanama. The seizure was effected by P.S.I. Shukla under the belief or impression that those other reels are also stolen property. On the very day. P.S.O. Kotwali Police Station, Amravati, along with P.S.I. Shri Gaikwad and panchas, visited the residential house of the accused situated in Machhisath locality of Amravati. Father of the accused was present, who was original accused No. 2. In the search, Police seized several film reels, film cans and cinema posters valued at about Rs. 7,21,475/- and the accused was arrested as it was suspected that the articles were stolen and the accused was indulging in the business of stolen film reels.
3. Shri Daga, the learned counsel for the appellant/accused submitted that as the charge was not framed under section 124 of the Bombay Police Act and it being the special enactment, without framing the charge, no conviction can be awarded. However, it has not been pointed out that there is a bar under the Criminal Procedure Code or in any special enactment that conviction cannot be awarded without framing the charge even if it is a minor offence, considering the ingredients of the major offence of which the charge was framed against the accused.
4. Section 222, Cr.P.C. reads as under :
"(1) When a person is charged with an offence consisting of several particulars, a combination of some only of which constitutes a complete minor offence, and such combination is proved, but the remaining particulars are not proved, he may be convicted of the minor offence, though he was not charged with it.
(2) When a person is charged with an offence and facts are proved which reduced it to a minor offence, he may be convicted of the minor offence, although he is not charged with it.
(3) When a person is charged with an offence, he may be convicted of an attempt to commit such offence although the attempt is not separately charged.
(4) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to authorise a conviction of any minor offence where the conditions requisite for the initiation of proceedings in respect of that minor offence have not been satisfied."
Thus, Section 222, Cr.P.C. speaks of "an offence constituting of several particulars". If all the particulars are proved to exist, they will constitute the main offence, while the combination of only some of those particulars, may constitute a minor offence. An offence will be treated as 'minor' with reference to the main or major offence and independently of it. It is, thus, clear that the minor and major offences must be cognizable offence.
5. Section 413 of the Indian Penal Code reads as under :
"Whoever habitually receives or deals in property, which he knows or has reason to believe to be stolen property, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine."
Section 124 of the Bombay Police Act. 1951, reads as under :
"Whoever has in his possession or conveys in any manner, or offers for sale or pawn, anything which there is reason to believe is stolen property or property fraudulently obtained, shall, if he failed to account for such possession or to act to the satisfaction of the Magistrate, on conviction, be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year but shall not, except for reasons to be recorded in writing, be less than one month and shall also be liable to fine which extend to five hundred rupees."
To bring the guilt at home under section 413 of the Indian Penal Code, it is to be proved that the accused receives and deals in the property which he knows or has reason to believe to be stolen property. Thus practically, the ingredients of Section 413 of the Indian Penal Code and that of Section 124 of the Bombay Police Act, are common. However, if the accused is found in possession of the property which he has reason to believe, is a stolen property or property fraudulently obtained, and even the accused failed to account for such possession, or to act to the satisfaction of the Magistrate, he is convicted under Section 124 of the Bombay Police Act. Where two offences involve different elements and different question of facts, one offence cannot be said to be the minor to the other and the conviction cannot be passed in absence of a specific charge. Considering the ingredients of Section 413 of the Indian Penal Code and that of Section 124 of the Bombay Police Act, we do not find different elements and different questions of facts, to prove the ingredients.
6. The two offences, like accused illegally possessing a revolver for committing dacoity, the offence of illegal possession of revolver and dacoity could be jointly charged and tried under the provisions of the Indian Penal Code and under the provisions of Arms Act. On the same analogy, from the facts and circumstances, if found that the major offence has not been proved but surely the minor offence is proved on the facts of the case, the conviction can be passed either under the provisions of I.P.C. or even under the special statute like Bombay Police Act. Non-framing of charge under section 124 of the Bombay Police Act, does not prejudice the appellant/accused and the learned counsel also made no grievance in that respect.
7. In a case of Central Provinces Government v. Saidu Rehman, AIR 1947 Nagpur 113 : (1946 (47) Cri LJ 868), it is held that there is no bar in law to convict a person of abatement without distinct charges if the circumstances being the same. From the proved facts, two charges can be framed under the provisions of Section 221 of the Criminal Procedure Code, viz. the commission of the major offence under Section 413 of the Indian Penal Code and under section 124 of the Bombay Police Act. Though separate change was not framed against him, the accused can be convicted of the offence punishable under Section 124 of the Bombay Police Act. Considering the ingredients of Section 413 of the Indian Penal Code and Section 124 of the Bombay Police Act analogous, we do not find any error committed by the learned trial Judge in convicting the appellant/accused for the offence punishable under section 124 of the Bombay Police Act.
8. The offence alleged against the appellant/accused has been committed on 15th January, 1982. The session trial was concluded on 31-5-1990. Considering the lapse of time and that the accused/appellant being a businessman, we too feel to consider his case sympathetically. However, under section 124 of the Bombay Police Act, the conviction is imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year but shall not, except for reasons to be recorded in writing, be less than one month, with fine to the extend of five hundred rupees. Therefore, considering the period of litigation and the fact that nothing has been brought to our notice that after this incident, the accused is still indulging in such activities, according to us, the appellant/accused deserves to be leniently viewed. Hence the conviction under section 124 of the Bombay Police Act is maintained. However, sentence is altered. The sentence is reduced to S.I. for one month from S.I. for three months and fine is increased from Rs. 100/- to Rs. 500/-, in default to suffer S.I. for 15 days. The appellant/accused is on bail. He is directed to surrender within two weeks from today.
9. Order accordingly.