(4)In this article,-(a)"association" means an association of persons;(b)"anti-national activity", in relation to an individual or association, means any action taken by such individual or association-(i)which is intended, or which supports any claim, to bring about, on any ground whatsoever, the cession of a part of the territory of India or the secession of a part of the territory of India or which in cities any individual or association to bring about such cession or secession;(ii)which disclaims, questions, threatens, disrupts or is intended to threaten or disrupt the sovereignty and integrity of India or the security of the State or the unity of the nation;(iii)which is intended, or which is part of a scheme which is intended, to overthrow by force the Government as by law established;(iv)which is intended, or which is part of a scheme which is intended, to create internal disturbance or the disruption of public services;(v)which is intended, or which is part of a scheme which is intended, to threaten or disrupt harmony between different religious, racial, language or regional groups or castes or communities;(c)"anti-national association" means an association---(i)which has for its object any anti-national activity;(ii)which encourages or aids persons to undertake or engage in any anti-national activity;(iii)the members whereof undertake or engage in any anti-national activity.'.[Article 31D of the Constitution shall be omitted.][Editorial comment-The Constitution (Forty-Third Amendment) Act, 1977, this amendment fundamental rights law that was passed during the Emergency. By eliminating Article 31D, it restores civil liberties. Under the cover of anti-national activity prevention legislation, this gave Parliament of India the authority to restrict even legal union activity. Also Refer]
