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[Cites 6, Cited by 0]

Delhi District Court

Sh. Pinno Singh @ Kinno Singh vs Sh. Veer Singh on 28 March, 2018

IN THE COURT OF MS. SHUNALI GUPTA, ADJ­06, SOUTH DISTRICT,
            SAKET COURT COMPLEX, NEW DELHI


CS No.: 20/17
CNR No. DLST01­004501­2016
Unique I.D No. CS DJ/209027/16

In the matter of:

Sh. Pinno Singh @ Kinno Singh
S/o Sh. Hansa Ram
R/o Village Aya Nagar,
New Delhi.
                                                               ....... Plaintiff
                                              VERSUS

1. Sh. Veer Singh
   S/o Sh. Prem Raj
   R/o Ghora Mohalla,
   Village Aya Nagar,
   New Delhi­110047.

2. The Editor
   'Jansatta'
   New Delhi.
                                                            ....... Defendants

         Date of Institution               :             25.08.2005
         Date reserved for judgment        :             17.03.2018
         Date of pronouncement of judgment :             28.03.2018

                                                   AND


CS No.: 44/17
CNR No. DLST01­004501­2016
Unique I.D No. CS DJ/209011/16




CS DJ No.9027/16                                                        Page No.1/ 28
Pinno Singh @ Kinno Singh Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
         and
CS DJ No.9011/16
Rishi Pahalwan @ Rishi Pal Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
 In the matter of:

Sh. Rishi Pahalwan @ Rishi Pal
S/o Sh. Hansa Ram
R/o Village Aya Nagar,
New Delhi.
                                                                ....... Plaintiff
                                              VERSUS

1. Sh. Veer Singh
   S/o Sh. Prem Raj
   R/o Ghora Mohalla,
   Village Aya Nagar,
   New Delhi­110047.

2. The Editor
   'Jansatta'
   New Delhi.
                                                            ....... Defendants
 
         Date of Institution               :             28.10.2005
         Date reserved for judgment        :             17.03.2018
         Date of pronouncement of judgment :             28.03.2018


Both Suits for Recovery of Rs.25,00,000/­ (Rupees Twenty Five Lakhs
                               only).


J U D G M E N T: 

1.       Vide this common judgment, I shall dispose off the above­captioned

         two Civil Suits filed by the plaintiff(s) seeking recovery of money on

         account of defamation/loss  of  reputation and prestige  due to  the

         false imputations made by defendant no.1 which were published in

         the newspaper by defendant no.2.



CS DJ No.9027/16                                                         Page No.2/ 28
Pinno Singh @ Kinno Singh Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
         and
CS DJ No.9011/16
Rishi Pahalwan @ Rishi Pal Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
 2.       Both the cases are being disposed off by a common judgment in as

         much as the pleadings of the parties in both the cases are similar,

         the defendants are same and the cause of action in either of them

         is nearly identical. The plaintiffs in these cases are real brothers.

         The plaintiff 'Pinno Singh @ Kinno Singh' had instituted the suit on

         25.08.2005 and the other plaintiff namely 'Rishi Pahlwan @ Rishi

         Pal' had instituted the case on 28.10.2005.


3.       The brief facts of the cases as culled out from the pleadings are

         summarized as under:


3.1      It is stated in the plaint that plaintiffs are respectable persons of the

         society having considerable movable and immovable properties in

         the revenue estate of Village Aya Nagar, New Delhi. The defendant

         no.1 who is also residing in Village Aya Nagar and having inimical

         terms with the plaintiffs, in order to damage the reputation of the

         plaintiffs, had called a press conference wherein he had made false

         allegations against the plaintiffs that they had encroached upon the

         government   land,   raised   unauthorized   constructions   on   land

         belonging to Gaon Sabha and also sold the land in the shape of

         plots to  the  plot holders illegally. On the  basis of the  said press

         conference,   the   defendant   no.2   in   the   Delhi   edition   of   their



CS DJ No.9027/16                                                                Page No.3/ 28
Pinno Singh @ Kinno Singh Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
         and
CS DJ No.9011/16
Rishi Pahalwan @ Rishi Pal Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
          newspaper   'Jansatta'   dated   14.07.2005,   published   a   news   item

         under the heading "illegal construction over the gram sabha land

         and illegal sale thereon". The publication of the said news item has

         badly affected and tarnished the reputation of the plaintiffs among

         their friends, relatives and residents of the area as they are under

         the   impression   that   the   plaintiffs   have   encroached   upon   the

         government   land.   Though   in   fact,   the   plaintiffs   have   neither

         encroached   upon   the   government   land   nor   sold   the   government

         land in the area of Village Aya Nagar to anyone.


3.2      It is further stated that in fact the defendant no.1 had encroached

         upon   the   government   land   comprised   in   khasra   no.1689,   Village

         Aya   Nagar,   New   Delhi   which   was   a   land   demarcated   and

         earmarked for constructing a government school. In order to justify

         his act of encroachment on the government land and to desist the

         plaintiffs from taking any action against him for his removal from the

         government land, he made these false allegations against them.


3.3      The said news item published in the newspaper dated 14.07.2007,

         was   circulated   throughout   India   due   to   which   the   plaintiffs   have

         suffered mental agony also. When the plaintiff Pinno Singh went to

         Haryana for finalization of marital alliance of his daughter, due to



CS DJ No.9027/16                                                                   Page No.4/ 28
Pinno Singh @ Kinno Singh Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
         and
CS DJ No.9011/16
Rishi Pahalwan @ Rishi Pal Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
          the   said   news   item,   the   other   side   refused   to   have   matrimonial

         alliance with his daughter.


3.4      As regards defendant no.2, it is stated that being the Editor of the

         newspaper, they were under obligation to make an inquiry about

         the genuineness of the said news item before publishing the same

         in the newspaper. However, they failed to make any inquiry as to

         whether the plaintiff had  encroached the government land. Merely

         because someone has made a false allegation against the other in

         a   press   conference   and   where   the   same   is   published   in   the

         newspaper, the newspaper cannot be exempted from payment of

         damages.


3.5      Notice   dated   16.07.2005   was   sent   to   defendant   no.1   and   notice

         dated   18.07.2005   was   sent   to   defendant   no.2   which   were   duly

         received   by   them   but   were   not   replied   and   thus,   the   facts

         mentioned in the said notices were duly accepted and admitted by

         the defendants. By way of the said notices, the defendants were

         also   asked  to   pay  damages  in  the   sum  of  Rs.25   lakhs  but   they

         failed to pay the same. Hence, the present suit.


4.       Separate   written   statements   were   filed   by   defendant   no.1   and

         defendant no.2 resisting the claim made by the plaintiff.


CS DJ No.9027/16                                                                   Page No.5/ 28
Pinno Singh @ Kinno Singh Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
         and
CS DJ No.9011/16
Rishi Pahalwan @ Rishi Pal Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
 4.1      The case set­forth by defendant no.1 is that there is no falsity in the

         statement made by him at the press conference. The plaintiff has in

         fact   encroached   upon   the   government   land   and   has   raised

         construction   on   the   premises   himself   as   well   as   through   his

         customers. The plaintiff has carved out plots on government land

         and   has   developed   a   colony   under   the   name   &   style   of   'Ishwar

         Colony'. He can prove that in khasra no.815, 816, 806, 807, 839,

         etc.   of   which   the   possession   has   been   wrongly   taken   by   the

         plaintiff, is a government land and that he has developed a colony

         over it. It is further stated that the plaintiff had himself filed a Writ

         Petition before Hon'ble High Court bearing no. W.P.(C)10236/2005

         in respect of the present land wherein he has admitted that he has

         carved   out   plot   and   has   raised   the   construction   thereon   and

         developed   the   colony under  the   name   &  style  of  'Ishwar  Colony

         Phase­V'. In the said writ petition he has asserted that he was not

         given any show­cause notice under The Land Reforms Act and as

         such the authorities should not dispossess him from the said land

         or demolish the structure raised thereon.


4.2      It is also stated that the press conference was called on behalf of

         Aya Nagar Gram Vikas Samiti with a view to inform the public about

         the various illegal activities of the plaintiff. The matter discussed in

CS DJ No.9027/16                                                                   Page No.6/ 28
Pinno Singh @ Kinno Singh Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
         and
CS DJ No.9011/16
Rishi Pahalwan @ Rishi Pal Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
          the press conference was not false and was not intended to lower

         the  reputation  of plaintiff but was only an attempt on part of the

         defendant to inform the innocent public about the title of the land.

         The averment that the defendant has encroached upon government

         land   comprised   in   Khasra   no.1689   which   was   earmarked   for

         government   school,   has   been   absolutely   denied.   Regarding   the

         averment of issuance of legal notice dated 16.07.2005 to him by

         the plaintiff, it has been submitted that the said notice was replied

         by   him   vide   reply   dated   08.08.2005   wherein   the   plaintiff   was

         informed that the defendant was not liable to pay any amount as

         alleged   by   him.   Rest   all   the   averments   made   in   the   plaint   have

         been denied and dismissal of suit has been sought.


4.3      Written   statement   has   been   filed   by   defendant   no.2   taking   the

         preliminary objection that the suit is not maintainable as no cause

         of action has arisen in favour of the plaintiff against defendant no.2.


4.4      On merits, it has been stated that as per the mechanism evolved in

         terms of the decisions handed down by Hon'ble Press Council, a

         person aggrieved by publication of any matter in a newspaper, is

         entitled to send his version to the newspaper and the newspaper is

         required   to   publish   such   version.   Thus,   on   being   allegedly



CS DJ No.9027/16                                                                    Page No.7/ 28
Pinno Singh @ Kinno Singh Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
         and
CS DJ No.9011/16
Rishi Pahalwan @ Rishi Pal Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
          aggrieved by the said news item, it was for the plaintiff to address a

         letter with his version to the Editor of the newspaper.


4.5      It   has   been   stated   that  the   newspaper  is   under  no   obligation   to

         conduct an inquiry before publishing any news item. The said news

         item was the mere reporting of the press conference by Aya Nagar

         Vikas Samiti and no editorial comment was made thereupon. It has

         been denied that defendant no.2 did not make any effort to know

         the truthfulness in the statements made by the defendant no.1. It is

         stated that after receiving the press release from Aya Nagar Vikas

         Samiti about the illegal sale and construction in the locality, a senior

         reporter of the newspaper tried to get the version of the persons

         against whom the allegations were made but they refused to give

         their   version.   The   reporter   even   tried   to   get   the   version   of   the

         Patwari   but   even   he   refused   to   talk.   In   view   of   these   facts   and

         circumstances, in the larger public interest, the newspaper had to

         carry   this   story.   Claim   of   the   plaintiff   on   account   of   damages

         against defendant no.2 has been strictly denied.


5.       Replication was filed by the plaintiff reiterating the averments made

         in   the   plaint   and   denying   the   contrary   averments   made   in   the

         written statements filed by defendant no.1 and defendant no.2.



CS DJ No.9027/16                                                                       Page No.8/ 28
Pinno Singh @ Kinno Singh Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
         and
CS DJ No.9011/16
Rishi Pahalwan @ Rishi Pal Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
 6.       Upon   completion   of   the   pleading,   on   19.08.2008   the   following

         issues were settled:


         i. Whether there is any cause of action for the suit? OPP

         ii. Whether the Defendants have in any manner defamed the
              Plaintiff as alleged in the plaint? OPP

         iii. If the aforesaid issue is answered in favour of the Plaintiff,
              whether the Plaintiff is entitled to damages and if so, for
              what amount? OPP

         iv. Whether the publication of new items dated 14 th July, 2005
              published in Jansatta defames the Plaintiff? OPP

         v. Whether   the   allegations   made   by   the   Defendants   against
              the Plaintiff as true? OPD

         vi. Whether the Plaintiff is entitled to any relief? OPP

         vii. Relief.

7.       In support of his case, the plaintiff has examined two witnesses in

         each case. The witnesses examined in case titled as  Pinno Singh

         Vs. Veer Singh & Anr. are as under:­


         PW­1 Sh. Pinno Singh @ Kinno Singh  - the plaintiff  himself. In

         lieu of his examination­in­chief he has deposed by way of affidavit

         Ex.PW1/A  and   additional   affidavit  Ex.PW1/A­1,   wherein   he   has

         reiterated the  case set forth in the plaint and has relied upon the

CS DJ No.9027/16                                                              Page No.9/ 28
Pinno Singh @ Kinno Singh Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
         and
CS DJ No.9011/16
Rishi Pahalwan @ Rishi Pal Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
          following documents:


         i. Ex.PW1/1 is copy of newspaper "Jansatta", Delhi Edition.

         ii. Ex.PW1/2 & 3 are notices dated 16.07.2005 & 18.07.2005.

         iii. Ex.PW1/4 & 5 are the postal receipts.

         iv. Ex.PW1/6 is the UPC receipt.

         v. Ex.PW1/7 & 8 are the AD cards.

         vi. Ex.PW1/9   (Colly)  is   the   copy   of   khatonis   issued   by   Tehsil
              Mehrauli.

         vii. Ex.PW1/10 (Colly)  is the copy of Agreement to Sell, General
              Power of Attorney along with Receipt­cum­Agreement.

         PW­2 Sh. Sushil Kumar. In lieu of examination­in­chief, PW­2 has

         also   deposed   by   way   of   affidavit  Ex.PW2/A  wherein   he   has

         deposed as per the case setforth in the plaint.


         Both   these   witnesses   were   extensively   cross­examined   by   Ld.

         Defence counsel which I shall be appreciating during discussion on

         issues.


7.1      The witnesses examined in case titled as 'Rishi Pahalwan Vs. Veer

         Singh & Anr.' are as under:


         PW­1   Sh.Rishi   Pehlwan  ­   the   plaintiff  himself.   In   lieu   of   his



CS DJ No.9027/16                                                                Page No.10/ 28
Pinno Singh @ Kinno Singh Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
         and
CS DJ No.9011/16
Rishi Pahalwan @ Rishi Pal Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
          examination­in­chief he has deposed by way of affidavit Ex.PW1/A,

         wherein he has reiterated the  case set forth in the plaint and has

         relied upon the following documents:


         i. Ex.PW1/1   (Colly)  is   the   copy   of   khatonis   issued   by   Tehsil
              Mehrauli.

         ii. Ex.PW1/2  is copy of newspaper "Jansatta", dated 14.07.2005,
               Delhi Edition.

         iii. Ex.PW1/3   &   Ex.PW­1/4  are   notices   dated   16.07.2005   &
               18.07.2005.

         iv. Ex.PW1/5 & Ex.PW­1/6 are the postal receipts.

         v. Ex.PW1/7 is the UPC receipt.

         PW­2   Sh.   Anil   Kumar   -  Witness   from   legal   department   Indian

         Express   Newspaper.   He   has   produced   the   certified   copy   of

         newspaper dated 14.07.2007 which is Ex.PW2/A.


8.       Since the defendants are same in both the cases, they have led

         common   evidence   for   both   the   cases   and   examined  two

         witnesses. They are as under:


         DW­1  Sh. Beer  Singh -  defendant no.1  himself.  In  lieu  of  his

         examination­in­chief he has deposed by way of affidavit Ex.DW1/A,

         wherein he has reiterated the case set forth in the written statement


CS DJ No.9027/16                                                               Page No.11/ 28
Pinno Singh @ Kinno Singh Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
         and
CS DJ No.9011/16
Rishi Pahalwan @ Rishi Pal Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
          and has relied upon the following documents:


         i. Ex.DW1/1 is photocopy of certified copy of WP(C) No.10296/05
              filed by the plaintiff Pinno Singh before Hon'ble High Court and
              which is titled as 'Pinno Singh Vs. Govt. of NCT of Delhi & Anr.'.

         ii. Ex.DW1/2 is copy of order dated 05.12.2005 passed by Hon'ble
              Delhi High Court thereby dismissing the civil suit of the plaintiff
              and also imposing cost of Rs.1 lakh on him.

         iii. Ex.DW1/3 is copy of certified copy of order dated 08.08.2008.

         iv. Ex.DW1/4 is the copy of order dated 03.02.2006 passed in Writ
              Petition No.10296/2005 thereby dismissing the Writ Petition with
              cost of Rs.25,000/­.

         v. Ex.DW1/5  is   copy   of   order   dated   13.03.2006   passed   in   Writ
              Petition No.7374/2005 thereby dismissing the Writ Petition with
              cost of Rs.25,000/­.

         vi. Ex.DW1/6  is   communication   dated   28.02.2007   received   from
              Office of DCP (South) pursuant to the RTI application filed by
              the defendant. The information is as under:

               Case registered against Pinnu @ Kinu, S/o Hansa,
               S. FIR No. Date                     Under Section        Police Station
               No.
                1.   179          12.06.1991 147/148/149/307/506/34     Mehrauli
                                             IPC
                2.   41           06.02.1994 48/451/323/34 IPC          Mehrauli
                3.   393          28.07.1996 506/34 IPC                 Mehrauli
                4.   361          07.07.1996 308/323/447/506/34         Mehrauli
                5.   783          08.11.2006 323/341/354/506/34 IPC     Mehrauli


CS DJ No.9027/16                                                                Page No.12/ 28
Pinno Singh @ Kinno Singh Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
         and
CS DJ No.9011/16
Rishi Pahalwan @ Rishi Pal Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
                Case registered against Rishipal, S/o Hansa,
               S. FIR No. Date                     Under Section          Police Station
               No.
                1.   179          12.06.1991 147/148/149/307/506/34       Mehrauli
                                             IPC
                2.   41           06.02.1994 48/451/323/34 IPC            Mehrauli
                3.   393          28.07.1996 506/34 IPC                   Mehrauli
                4.   361          07.07.1996 308/323/447/506/34           Mehrauli
                5.   138/01                        325/34 IPC             Mehrauli


         vii. Ex.DW1/7  is copy of FIR no.99/2008 P.S. Mehrauli registered
              against the plaintiff Pinno Singh U/Sec.323/447/427/387 IPC on
              the complaint of one Ram Chander on the allegation that the
              plaintiff  had   threatened   him  of  dire   consequences  in   case   he
              fails   to   vacate   his   plot   no.210,   H­Block,   Bandh   Road,   Aya
              Nagar, Delhi and in a drunkard condition caused injuries to the
              complainant Ram Chander.

         viii.Ex.DW1/8 (Colly) are the post receipt, registered AD card and
              copy of reply dated 08.08.2005 to the notice dated 16.07.2005
              sent by the plaintiff.

         DW­2 Sh. Om Thanvi - the then Executive Editor of 'Jansatta'

         newspaper   (arrayed   as   defendant   no.2).  In   lieu   of   his

         examination­in­chief he has deposed by way of affidavit Ex.DW2/B,

         wherein   he   has   reiterated   the  case   set   forth   in   the   written

         statement.




CS DJ No.9027/16                                                                  Page No.13/ 28
Pinno Singh @ Kinno Singh Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
         and
CS DJ No.9011/16
Rishi Pahalwan @ Rishi Pal Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
          Thereafter,  DE   was   closed   on   15.02.2018  and   the   matter   was

         posted for final arguments.


9.       Final arguments addressed by Ld. Counsel Sh. Deepanjan Dutta

         for the plaintiffs, Ld. Counsel Sh. Shivinder Chopra for defendant

         no.1 and Ld. Counsel Sh. Kunal Anand for defendant no.2 have

         been heard and record has been carefully perused.


10.      Discussion on Issues:


ISSUE No.1 : Whether there is any cause of action for the suit? OPP

ISSUE No.2  :  Whether the Defendants have in any manner defamed
the Plaintiff as alleged in the plaint? OPP

ISSUE   No.3  :   If   the   aforesaid   issue   is   answered   in   favour   of   the
Plaintiff,  whether  the  Plaintiff  is  entitled to  damages   and  if so,  for
what amount? OPP

ISSUE No.4  :  Whether the publication of new items dated 14 th  July,
2005 published in Jansatta defames the Plaintiff? OPP

ISSUE   No.5  :  Whether   the   allegations   made   by   the   Defendants
against the Plaintiff as true? OPD

ISSUE No.6 : Whether the Plaintiff is entitled to any relief? OPP

         All the issues are taken up together in as much as these issues are

inter­connected. A common discussion shall suffice and would address all



CS DJ No.9027/16                                                                Page No.14/ 28
Pinno Singh @ Kinno Singh Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
         and
CS DJ No.9011/16
Rishi Pahalwan @ Rishi Pal Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
 these issues.


10.1     Ld. Counsel  for  the   plaintiff(s)  has argued  that  the  plaintiff is an

         agriculturists holding very respectable positions in the village. He

         also   owns   big   chunks   of   land   in   the   village.   He   has   neither

         encroached   upon   the   government   land   nor  carved   out   any  plots

         thereon   and   sold   the   government   land   to   any   individual.   The

         allegations levelled against him are absolutely false. The defendant

         no.1 in a planned and conceived manner and in order to tarnish the

         reputation   of   the   plaintiff,   has   got   published   false   content   in   the

         newspaper   of   defendant   no.2.   This   act   of   publication   has

         considerably lowered the image of plaintiff which he was holding in

         the   eyes   of   the   villagers   as   well   as   his   friends   and   relatives

         (submission   in   either   of   the   cases   on   behalf   of   the   plaintiff   are

         similar).


10.2     On the other hand, Ld. Counsel for defendant no.1 has argued that

         defendant   no.1   had   no   ill­will   or   malice   of   any   sort   against   the

         plaintiffs.   The   press   conference   was   held   so   as   to   inform   the

         general public about the activities being carried out by the plaintiffs

         and to devise some way to stop the illegal construction on the Gaon

         Sabha land/Shamlat Deh. There is truth in the allegations levelled



CS DJ No.9027/16                                                                       Page No.15/ 28
Pinno Singh @ Kinno Singh Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
         and
CS DJ No.9011/16
Rishi Pahalwan @ Rishi Pal Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
          against the plaintiffs. The same is also clearly decipherable from

         the orders passed by Hon'ble High Court while disposing off the

         Writ Petitions and Civil Suit filed by the plaintiff Pinno Singh. Thus,

         the allegations being true in nature they does not in any manner

         tantamount to defamation.


                   Ld.   Counsel   has  further   submitted  that   there   are   series  of

         FIRs registered against the plaintiffs at PS Mehrauli in relation to

         the land disputes. The said FIRs pertain to the offence of rioting,

         attempt to murder, trespass, criminal intimidation and hurt. It has

         also come in evidence that the plaintiffs have even remained in jail

         for   some   period   in   relation   to   these   cases.   Thus,   registration   of

         these FIRs also reflects that the plaintiffs since long are engaged in

         illegal  activities of land  grabbing  and  threatening  the  people  and

         now by filing the present false suits, have put the defendants to

         undue harassment for which they should be compensated by the

         plaintiffs.


10.3     Now,   defamation   refers   to   an   act   of   publication   of  a   defamatory

         content that lowers the reputation of an individual or an entity when

         observed   through   the   perspective   of   an   ordinary   man.   Broadly

         categorized   -   defamation   can   be   by   words   spoken   which   are



CS DJ No.9027/16                                                                     Page No.16/ 28
Pinno Singh @ Kinno Singh Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
         and
CS DJ No.9011/16
Rishi Pahalwan @ Rishi Pal Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
          defamatory   in   nature   or   by   publication   of   a   defamatory   content.

         While   the   former   comes   in   the   category   of   slander,   the   latter   is

         described   is   libel.   Since   in   the   case   in   hand,   the   defamation   is

         alleged to have been by way of publication in the newspaper i.e.

         libel, I shall constrain my discussion to the said form of defamation.


         The essential ingredients to prove defamation are:

         (1) presence of defamatory content;

         (2) the claimant should be identified in the defamatory statement;

         (3) there must be publication of the defamatory statement and

         (4) the   said   publication   should   be   with   the   intent   to   lower   the
             reputation of the claimant in the eyes of general public.


10.4     Coming   to   the   defences   to   defamation   -   same   are   truth,   fair

         comment and privilege. On this aspect, reference can be made to

         the   judgment   of   Hon'ble   Delhi   High   Court   in   the   case   of  Ram

         Jethmalani   vs.   Subramaniam   Swamy,   126   (2006)   DLT   535,

         wherein the Hon'ble High Court had culled­out the defences in a

         suit for defamation, the pertinent observations are as under:


                  "95. Traditional defences to an action for defamation
                  have   now   become   fairly   crystallized   and   can   be
                  compartmentalized in three compartments; truth, fair
                  comment   and   privilege.   Truth   or   justification   is   a
                  complete defence.  The standard of proof of truth is


CS DJ No.9027/16                                                                      Page No.17/ 28
Pinno Singh @ Kinno Singh Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
         and
CS DJ No.9011/16
Rishi Pahalwan @ Rishi Pal Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
                   not absolute but is limited to establishing that what
                  was spoken was 'substantially correct'. Fair comment
                  offer protect for the expression of opinions. Standard
                  of proof is not that the court has to agree with the
                  opinion, but is limited to determine whether the views
                  could   honestly   have   been   held   by   a   fair   minded
                  person on facts known at the time. Unlike defence of
                  truth,   defence   based   on   fair   comment   can   be
                  defeated if the plaintiff proves that the defamer acted
                  with   malice.   Similar   is   the   situation   where   the
                  defence is of qualified privilege. Privilege is designed
                  to   protect   expression   made   for   the   public   good.
                  Protection of qualified privilege is lost if actual malice
                  is established. In public interest, absolute privilege is
                  a   complete   defence.   Rational   of   absolute   privilege
                  being restricted to court proceedings or proceedings
                  before tribunals which have all the trappings of a civil
                  court and parliamentary proceedings is that if threat
                  of   defamation   looms   over   the   heads   of   lawyers,
                  litigants,  witnesses, judges and  parliamentarians,  it
                  would prohibit them from speaking freely and public
                  interest would suffer." (underlining mine)

          Thus, truth is an absolute defence in civil cases and irrespective of

          the intention of an individual, no defamation suit can be brought

          against   someone   if   he   imputes   something   true.   Since   the

          defendants have claimed truth or justification in the news item in


CS DJ No.9027/16                                                                  Page No.18/ 28
Pinno Singh @ Kinno Singh Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
         and
CS DJ No.9011/16
Rishi Pahalwan @ Rishi Pal Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
           the newspaper dated 14.07.2005, I shall be first of all analyzing the

          content of truth alleged in the said publication.


10.5      Before adverting further, it would be relevant to note down that the

          plaintiff Pinno Singh had filed two Writ Petitions and one Civil Suit

          before   Hon'ble   Delhi   High   Court.   The   Civil   Suit   bearing

          no.1090/2005   was   filed   by   plaintiff   Pinno   Singh   titled   as   'Pinno

          Singh   vs.   Brahm   Aneja   &   Ors.'   seeking   the   relief   of   permanent

          injunction   thereby   restraining   the   defendants   form   occupying

          certain khasra numbers as per Annexure­A and from altering the

          character   of   land   to   non­agricultural   use.   The   plaintiff   claimed

          himself to be the bhumidar of the land. In the said suit the Hon'ble

          High Court appointed  a  Local  Commissioner to  inspect the land

          comprised in the khasra numbers given in Annexure­A wherein the

          Local Commissioner on inspection gave a report that the land in

          the said khasra numbers is shamlat deh land in village Aya Nagar.

          On the khasra numbers found in the possession of the defendant,

          there   was   no   construction   but   on   the   khasra   numbers   in

          possession of the plaintiffs, were found to be heavily built­up and

          upon which a residential colony by the name of 'Ishwar colony' was

          existing and the land was a shamlat deh land. The relevant extract

          of   the   order   dated   05.12.2005   passed   by   Hon'ble   High   Court

CS DJ No.9027/16                                                                    Page No.19/ 28
Pinno Singh @ Kinno Singh Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
         and
CS DJ No.9011/16
Rishi Pahalwan @ Rishi Pal Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
           disposing off the suit is reproduced hereinunder:


                  "2.....The local commissioner inspected the land with
                  the  assistance   of  the  Revenue   Authorities  and   the
                  Patwari   informed   the   local   commissioner   that   the
                  khasra numbers mentioned as in Annexure A to the
                  plaint which formed the subject matter of the suit, are
                  those  of  shamlat  deh  land  in  village  Ayyah  Nagar.
                  Some of the khasra numbers as per para 5 of the
                  report of the local commissioner were found to be in
                  possession   of   defendant   No.1   and   there   was   no
                  construction of any kind on the said land which was
                  covered   with   wild   grass   and   bushes.   The   wire
                  fencing   surrounding   the   area   had   been   broken.
                  However, some of the khasra numbers were found to
                  be heavily built up which were part of the shamlat
                  deh land which is in possession of the plaintiffs and
                  form   a   part   of   the   unauthorised   residential   colony
                  known as Ishwar Colony.
                  4. Learned counsel for the plaintiff states that he has
                  instructions   from  the   plaintiffs   to   withdraw   the   suit.
                  Learned  counsel, however, cannot dispute  the  fact
                  that   there   has   been   gross   misrepresentation   and
                  suppression  of facts in  filing the  present suit  as is
                  apparent from the report of the Local Commissioner
                  and the statement of plaintiff No.1 recorded today.
                  There is no construction on the land of the defendant
                  No.1 while there is an unauthorised colony existing

CS DJ No.9027/16                                                                       Page No.20/ 28
Pinno Singh @ Kinno Singh Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
         and
CS DJ No.9011/16
Rishi Pahalwan @ Rishi Pal Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
                   on the land of the plaintiff. The present suit is thus
                  clearly   an   attempt   on   the   part   of   the   plaintiffs   to
                  possibly   pressurise   the   defendant   No.1   in   some
                  manner.
                  5.....Plaintiffs like the present one think that they can
                  take   the   Court   for   a   ride   by   making
                  misrepresentation.
                  6.....The   plaintiffs   are   land   owners   who   have
                  apparently carved out the plots. This is shamlat deh
                  land and they sold it contrary to the law of land. They
                  have fained financially.
                  8. The suit and the applications of the plaintiffs are
                  dismissed   as   withdrawn   subject   to   cost   of   Rs.1
                  lakh....
                  11.   I   am   constrained   also   to   pass   certain   other
                  orders in   view   of the   matters  which   have   come   to
                  light.   It   is   obvious   that   shamlat   deh   land   is   being
                  utilised by the parties contrary to the law of land. The
                  SDM of the are is directed to enquire into the matter
                  and   take   appropriate   action   to   protect   the   land.   A
                  status   report   be   submitted   by   the   SDM,   Ayaah
                  Nagar,   Mehrauli   in   respect   of   the   land   at   village
                  Ayaah Nagar, Tehsil Mehrauli, the details of which
                  are given as Annexure A to the plaint....."

          Further, the first Writ Petition filed by Pinno Singh bearing no.WP

          No.10296/2005  was   for   seeking   direction   in   the   nature   of



CS DJ No.9027/16                                                                        Page No.21/ 28
Pinno Singh @ Kinno Singh Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
         and
CS DJ No.9011/16
Rishi Pahalwan @ Rishi Pal Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
           mandamus   that   the   respondent   i.e.   Govt.   NCT   of   Delhi   and

Revenue   Assistant,   Village   Mehrauli,   be   restrained   from dispossessing the plaintiff from the land and not to demolish the construction thereon. In the said Writ Petition he had stated that he had developed a residential colony by the name of 'Ishwar Colony' in village Aya Nagar Extn., New Delhi in year 1991. In and around the said area there are several other colonies and no action has been taken against other colonies. The petitioner has been singled out   and   the   action   of   the   respondents   in   dispossessing   the petitioner   from   the   said   land   is   wholly   illegal   and   without jurisdiction.   The   said   Writ   Petition   was   disposed   off   by  Hon'ble High Court vide order dated 03.02.2006  wherein Hon'ble High Court referred to the order dated 05.12.2005 passed in the Civil Suit (Supra) and made following observations:

"2. Pinno Singh seems to be having a temperament quite contrary to his name One would assume him to be   mild   person.   This   Pinno   Singh   seems   to   be   a most aggressive person.
15...Petitioner is a colonizer who is engaged in illegal activities.   Petitioner   cannot   claim   any   sympathetic consideration.   Policy   of   regularization   of unauthorized   colonies   on   which   petitioner   relies   is CS DJ No.9027/16           Page No.22/ 28 Pinno Singh @ Kinno Singh Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
and CS DJ No.9011/16 Rishi Pahalwan @ Rishi Pal Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
not for the benefit of the colonizers. If at all, it would be   for   the   benefit   of   the   persons   who   have   been duped by unscrupulous colonizers."

Thereafter, another Writ Petition bearing  no.7374/2005  was filed by plaintiff Pinno Singh which too was dismissed by Hon'ble High Court vide order dated 13.03.2006. The relevant extract of the said order is reproduced hereinunder:

"4. In the suit filed by Pinoo Singh this Court found that   Pinoo   Singh   had   carved   out   an   unauthorized colony on the agricultural lands of village Aya Nagar. In   the   writ   petition   filed   by   Pinoo   Singh   he   was claiming   a   relief   against   the   authorities   to   prevent them   from   demolishing   the   unauthorized   houses constructed on the illegal colony carved out by him on the agricultural lands of village Aya Nagar.
5. In the present writ petition, Pinoo Singh claims to be acting pro bona. He claims to be the Masiha of the village. He has a grievance against the Revenue Authority.   He   alleges   that   the   Revenue   Authorities are   conniving   with   illegal   colonizers   and   are permitting carving of plots on the Gaon Sabha land of village Aya Nagar.
6. I may note that while dismissing the suit filed by Pinoo Singh, learned Single Judge of this Court had directed the Revenue Authorities to enquire into the CS DJ No.9027/16           Page No.23/ 28 Pinno Singh @ Kinno Singh Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
and CS DJ No.9011/16 Rishi Pahalwan @ Rishi Pal Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
matter and protect Gaon Sabha land.
7. Petitioner's locus standi is in doubt. It appears that the petitioner does not want anyone to compete with him in land grabbing and illegal colonisation.
8. The petition is motivated. It is dismissed with costs in sum of Rs.25,000/­ to be paid by the petitioner to the respondent.
9. Dismissal of the writ petition would not mean that Revenue Authorities would not reclaim Government land as also Gaon Sabha land in the Revenue Estate of village Aya Nagar."

10.6 Thus,   the   Civil   Suit   as   well   as   both   the   Writ   Petitions   filed   by plaintiff   Pinno   Singh   were   dismissed.   For   clear­cut misrepresentation   made   by   the   plaintiff   in   the   Civil   Suit,   cost   of Rs.1 lac was imposed while dismissing the Civil Suit. Further, cost of Rs.25,000/­ was also imposed while dismissing each of the Writ Petitions. Hon'ble  High  Court in  the  said  order has  categorically observed  that the   plaintiff  is a  colonizer engaged  in  illegal  acts. Part of the land upon which he had constructed Ishwar Colony was shamlat   deh  land   and   that   the   plaintiff   had   carved   out   plots   on shamlat deh land and sold it contrary to the law of the land.

The Hon'ble High Court in its order dated 13.03.2006, even went to the extent of remarking that plaintiff does not want anyone CS DJ No.9027/16           Page No.24/ 28 Pinno Singh @ Kinno Singh Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.

and CS DJ No.9011/16 Rishi Pahalwan @ Rishi Pal Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.

to compete with him in land grabbing and illegal colonizing. Thus, in view of the aforenoted orders passed by Hon'ble High Court, it is clear that the plaintiff had grabbed Gaon Sabha land, carved out plots thereon and sold them illegally.

The   said  orders/observations  made  by   Hon'ble   High   Court have not been assailed by the plaintiffs. Interesting to note that the Writ Petitions were filed in the name of Pinno Singh and Kindoo Ram though both the petitions pertains to the plaintiff Pinno Singh / having been filed by him and there is no explanation, whatsoever, as to why the petitions were filed in two different names. 10.7 Dehors   the   aforesaid,   in   as   much   as   the   petitions   have   been disposed off, the temerity and obstinacy of the plaintiff is apparent as   all   these   aspects   were   put   to   him   during   cross­examination which he has bluntly denied. To put it otherwise or taking cue from the observations made in the Writ Petition that the name 'Pinno Singh' appears to be that of a mild person whereas in reality he is not - on the same analogy it can be said that either Pinno Singh has   a   poor   memory   or   deposes   as   per   his   convenience/   which suits his interest. Needless to state, in either of the situations, no credibility can be attributed to such self­serving statements. The CS DJ No.9027/16           Page No.25/ 28 Pinno Singh @ Kinno Singh Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.

and CS DJ No.9011/16 Rishi Pahalwan @ Rishi Pal Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.

apparent falsity in the stand of the plaintiff is palpably evident from the fact that during cross­examination virtually he has denied each and every material fact though all such facts and proceedings are part & parcel of judicial proceedings.

I am not burdening the judgment by quoting specific pieces of his deposition. Suffice to note that he has blatantly disowned the very  fact   that   he   had   developed   colony  by   the   name   of  'Ishwar Colony' and carved out plots - upon which premise proceedings (Writ Petitions and Civil Suit) were filed by him before Hon'ble High Court.

10.8 Summing up the aforesaid, the statement made by defendant no.1 and published by defendant no.2 are truthful and to a large extent based   on   true   &   correct   facts.   As   already   noted   above   in   the judgment   of  Ram   Jethmalani   (Supra),   Hon'ble   High   Court   has held   that   the   standard   of   proof   of   truth   required   in   cases   of defamation, is not absolute but is limited to establishing that what was spoken was 'substantially correct'. In such circumstances, the question of the statements being defamatory, does not arise. The case propounded by the plaintiff has fallen to ground like a pack of cards. The case has no foundation at all and rather falls within the CS DJ No.9027/16           Page No.26/ 28 Pinno Singh @ Kinno Singh Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.

and CS DJ No.9011/16 Rishi Pahalwan @ Rishi Pal Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.

category of litigative acrobatics by the plaintiff to somehow or the other deflect the attention from his illegal activities. The suit, thus, deserves to be dismissed.

10.9 In   so   far   as   the   case   of   Rishi   Pehlwan   is   concerned,   the observations   made   hereinabove   are   squarely   applicable   as   the evidence   which   has   been   recorded   in   this   case,   is   substantially similar to that of the case of Pinno Singh. As already held above, testimony   of   Pinno   Singh   has     no   evidenciary   value   and   the testimony  of Rishi  Pehlwan  suffers from  the  same   vice.  Both  of them  were  sailing   in   one  boat.   Apart   whereof   the   case   of   Rishi Pehlwan   is   on   a   much   weaker   footing   as   the   question   of defamation   and   consequent   damages   on   account   of   loss   of reputation pre­supposes that the defamatory allegations must have been   read/made   known   to   third   person(s)   in   whose   eyes   the reputation   or   esteem   of   the   plaintiff   is   lowered.   Curiously,   the evidence of the plaintiff only comprises that of himself and a formal witness PW­2 - an official of Indian Express newspaper who has produced   the   certified   copy   of   newspaper   dated   14.07.2007 exhibited as Ex.PW2/A. Needless to state, by no stretch of imagination it can be said CS DJ No.9027/16           Page No.27/ 28 Pinno Singh @ Kinno Singh Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.

and CS DJ No.9011/16 Rishi Pahalwan @ Rishi Pal Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.

that   the   cases   having   been   proceeded   together,   the   loss   of reputation of plaintiff Rishi Pehlwan or the loss of esteem was with regard to the third person being none else than Pinno Singh. 10.10 Resultantly, in view of the aforesaid discussion, both suits failed.

All issues are decided against the plaintiffs. 10.11 On the point of imposition of cost, I have mulled over and I am not imposing the same as in all the three previous proceedings before Hon'ble High Court, heavy costs have already been imposed on him and more importantly the case was assigned to this court on 21.11.2017 when it was at the stage of PE and in approximately 4 months time, it has been finally disposed off.

12. Relief:

In view of my aforesaid discussion, the suit of the plaintiff stands dismissed. No order as to cost. Decree sheet be prepared accordingly and file be consigned to record room after necessary compliance.
Announced in the Open Court   (Shunali Gupta) Dated: 28.03.2018     Addl. District Judge­(06)        South Distt. Saket Courts,     New Delhi.
CS DJ No.9027/16           Page No.28/ 28
Pinno Singh @ Kinno Singh Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.
and CS DJ No.9011/16 Rishi Pahalwan @ Rishi Pal Vs. Veer Singh & Anr.