Lok Sabha Debates
Discussion On Points Arising Out Of Answers Given By The Minister Of Tourism And ... on 15 December, 2006
> Title: Discussion on points arising out of answers given by the Minister of Tourism and Culture on 30.12.2006 to Starred Question No. 123 regarding ‘Low Budget Hotels’.
MR. CHAIRMAN: Now, the House will take up Half-an-hour Discussion. Shri P.S. Ghadavi.
SHRI P.S. GADHAVI (KUTCH): Madam, I am really thankful to you for giving me this opportunity to raise discussion on points arisen out of answer given by the hon. Minister of Tourism on Starred Question No.123 of which answer was given on 30.11.2006.
First of all, I would like to compliment the hon. minister and her Department for taking good steps for promotion of tourism in our country.
Madam, the original S.Q. No. 123 put up by Shri Prabhu Nath Singh and Shri K.S. Rao was about the middle class tourists who are experiencing difficulties in locating economy class accommodation at places/cities of tourist interests.
In reply to S.Q. 123, the hon. Minister has conceded to the fact that due to paucity of hotel rooms in the budget category, common tourists may some time face difficulty in finding accommodation in this category.[a46] In our country, as the hon. Minister has replied, there is a shortage of 1,50,000 hotel rooms in respect of all the categories. The Standing Committee on Transport, Tourism and Culture in its 104th Report had also expressed its concern about the shortage of hotel accommodation in all the categories, particularly in the budget hotels which do not augur well. The committee had, therefore, recommended in its 104th Report that the Department of Tourism has to take steps to ensure that more budget hotels are set up by making sites available by the Central Government. Lands should be made available for these types of hotels in order to maintain the country’s competitiveness as a tourist destination and facilitate identification of hotel sites.
In this regard, I would like to know from the hon. Minister as to how many sites have been made available or identified till now on Central Government land. What steps or measures have been taken by the Department of Tourism in this regard for the construction of such budget hotels? This is my first question to the hon. Ministers.
Second, I would like to invite the attention of the hon. Minister to one thing. Nowadays, domestic, rural as well as foreign tourism are increasing day by day. We know that the number of domestic tourists and rural tourists is increasing day by day. Domestic and rural tourists also form a very important part of the tourism industry. It is a fact that tourism is the only industry which generates employment. That can benefit more poor people like the rickshaw-pullers, taxi operators and traders. We all know about that. Even the common man from lower and lower-middle class has a desire, the poor persons naturally have a desire to go for pilgrimage. Therefore, tourism increases. They want to go to the place of their belief provided they get the required facilities for their stay in such places.
In this connection, I would like to invite the attention of the hon. Minister to one important aspect. These types of tourists naturally tour in groups. They go in one or two buses. If they go by buses in groups, naturally they cannot afford to go to hotels. For them, in the past, according to our culture, we had the tradition of having dharamshalas. Nowadays, those who tour in groups want dormitory type of accommodation with good lavatory and bathing facilities. They also want reasonably priced food.
It is good that Government has got one scheme for giving subsidy to some hotels. For the one-star hotel, they give Rs.25 lakh. For two star, Rs. 50 lakh and Rs.50 lakh for a three-star hotel. So, the Department has got the scheme to give this subsidy to hotels. But how many people in our country can afford to stay in such hotels? Only 10 per cent of the people stay in hotels, that means Rs.10 crore person can afford to stay in the star hotels. You are giving incentive. For this type of persons it is a good thing. Will the Department consider giving incentives to the social institutions which can go in for dormitory type of accommodation? Here, I can cite one instance. In Delhi, there is one Gujarati Samaj. There may be some other Samajas also. It is having dormitory type of accommodation with good air-condition facility. A particular Samaj has got a particular facility for their Samaj, but what about the other people? What about the women tourists? Will the hon. Minister consider all these things? There should be facilities for group tourism. In all, according to this information, there are 550 million tourists. Out of that, about 150 are the urban tourists are urban tourists. But 400 million tourists are rural tourists. If those rural tourists go from one place to another, what type of facility is being given to them?
My third question is that infrastructure status should be given to the tourism industry. What steps are being taken by the Government in this regard?
The Government is giving incentives to some hotels like one-star hotels, two-star and three star hotels etc. Is the Government going to put any cap or control on tourists or not? I am asking this because after taking the subsidy, they charge whatever they like. What is being done about such control?
There are places of interest in many remote areas of our country. For example, in my constituency there is Rann of Kutch which is a unique place in the whole world. Then, there are places like Dholavira and other places. What kinds of facilities are being provided by the Central Government to the tourists who visit such places? This is very important because this is concerning the middle class people of India. They are talking about Aam Aadmi. +ÉÉàÉ +ÉÉnàÉÉÒ BÉEÉÒ ¤ÉÉiÉ BÉE®xÉä ´ÉÉãÉä +ÉÉVÉ ]Ú, mÉÉÒ +ÉÉè® {ÉEÉ<´É º]É® cÉä]ãÉÉå BÉEÉÒ ¤ÉÉiÉ BÉE® ®cä cé* That is all right. You do it. I do not mind. लेकिन आम आदमी को आप धर्मशालाओं या ढारमेटरी जैसी जगहों में ठहरने के लिए कोई व्यवस्था करेंगे, कृपया यह बताने की कृपा करें।
MADAM CHAIRMAN : In this Half-an-Hour Discussion, according to the ballot, only four Members can speak. Now, I call Shri Shailendra Kumar and I request him to please ask only questions.
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|ÉÉä. ®ÉºÉÉ É˺Éc ®É´ÉiÉ : महोदया, यह मैं इसलिए कह रहा हूं कि फाइव स्टार होटलों की बात हो रही है और बजटरी होटल्स के लिए सरकार सहायता भी दे रही है। क्योंकि हमें विदेशी मुद्रा की बहुत आवश्यकता है। हम लोग विदेशी पर्टयकों के लिए सब कुछ कर रहे हैं। लेकिन देशी पर्यटकों के लिए भी सहज और सस्ती ये सारी सुविधाएं उपलब्ध हों, इसके लिए सरकार के द्वारा क्या ठोस कदम उठाये जा रहे हैं। अभी तक केवल हैरिटेज होटल्स या बजटरी होटल्स के नाम पर आप उनके लिए सब कुछ कर रहे हैं। उनके लिए जमीनें भी ढूंढ रहे हैं। लेकिन जैसा अभी कहा गया कि तीर्थाटन के लिए भी लोगों के झुंड के झुंड जाते हैं। उन लोगों के ठहरने के लिए धर्मशालाओं की जो हमारी पुरानी व्यवस्था थी, उन परम्परागत विश्रामगृहों की सुविधा के लिए या उनके परिवर्धन के लिए आप क्या कर रही है, ताकि देशी पर्यटकों को भी प्रोत्साहन मिले[MSOffice47] । देशी पर्यटकों को भी प्रोत्साहन मिले, इसके लिए सरकार की क्या कोई विशेष योजना है?
MADAM CHAIRMAN : Shri C.K. Chandrappan – Not present.
DR. K.S. MANOJ (ALLEPPEY): Thank you Madam.
Madam, unlike the past, the number of domestic tourists, visiting tourist destinations in India, has increased to a great extent these days. The reason being the increase in the income level and emergence of high income middle class. In the National Tourism Policy 2002, there was a great thrust on the promotion of domestic tourists. So, more and more initiatives were taken for the development of integrated tourism projects.
Madam, the Indian Tourism Development Corporation was set up in 1966 with the objective of undertaking progressive development and expansion of tourism infrastructure in the country, thereby promoting India as a tourist destination. Formerly, ITDC was operating many star hotels with a view to catering international tourists. But unfortunately, due to the disinvestment policy during the reign of NDA, most of those start hotels were sold to the private parties.
MADAM CHAIRMAN: Please put your question.
DR. K.S. MANOJ : Madam, in view of the emergence of more and more domestic tourists and also in view of the emergence of more domestic tourist destinations, I would like to know from the hon. Minister what measures are being undertaken in this regard.
As my colleague, the former speaker, pointed out, there is a lack of accommodation for tourists in this country. Shri Shailendra Kumar pointed out that in 2010 Commonwealth Games are going to be held in this country. I would like to know from the hon. Minister, what are the measures taken by the Tourism Ministry for building up of these low-budged hotels or low-budgeted accommodation.
I would also like to know from the hon. Minister, when the Tourism Ministry sanctions various projects to the State Governments, especially, the circuitous projects, whether the construction of building up of low-budgeted hotels is incorporated or not. If the State Governments give some proposal for construction of low-budgeted hotels, would the Ministry sanction those projects?
MAMAM CHAIRMAN: Now, the hon. Minister, please.
SHRI B. MAHTAB (CUTTACK): Madam, Mr. Panda may be allowed to ask one or two supplementaries… (Interruptions)
MADAM CHAIRMAN: According to the Ballot, there are only four Members.
… (Interruptions)
SHRI B. MAHTAB : Madam, Ballot is not there for the supplementaries… (Interruptions)
MADAM CHAIRMAN: No please. Now the hon. Minister will reply.
… (Interruptions)
SHRI B. MAHTAB : Madam, he has been giving notices daily and sitting here to put his supplementaries. By this time, he would have put his supplementaries… (Interruptions)
MADAM CHAIRMAN: Let the hon. Minister reply, please.
… (Interruptions)
SHRI BRAHMANANDA PANDA (JAGATSINGHPUR): Madam, we have been discriminated against. For the last two days, we have been giving notices to speak on this… (Interruptions)
MADAM CHAIRMAN: As I said, the rules do not permit. According the Ballot, one plus four Members can ask questions.
… (Interruptions)
MADAM CHAIRMAN: No, please take your seats.
SHRI TATHAGATA SATPATHY (DHENKANAL): Madam, because we are backward, we are looked down upon… (Interruptions)
MADAM CHAIRMAN: Nothing will go on record.
(Interruptions) …* SHRI BRAHMANANDA PANDA : Madam, we protest this and are staging a walk out.
(At this stage, Shri Brahmananda Panda and some other hon. Members left the Ho[r48] use.) THE MINISTER OF TOURISM AND CULTURE (SHRIMATI AMBIKA SONI): Madam Chairman, it is a matter of great pride and satisfaction that the initiator of this discussion, Shri Gadhavi, did feel it worthwhile to congratulate the Ministry of Tourism for the initiatives and for the schemes they have taken up. It is also true that we waited for three days for this half-an-hour discussion. It only goes to show that the profile of the Ministry of Tourism or the profile for tourism is going up. It is also true that more and more people –and also the Government – are recognizing tourism as a great economic driver. Probably it creates the maximum number of jobs both direct and indirect. It also is among the Ministries which creates and mobilizes the maximum amount of resources necessary for all-round development.
* Not recorded It is also true that tourism is contributing about 5.86 per cent to the GDP. Having said all this, having recognized that economy of the country is today on an upbeat, the number of people coming to India is also going up, domestic tourists’ traveling has increased. People are traveling more and more to different destinations for leisure and pilgrimage. All this has put a tremendous pressure on accommodation available, accommodation of all kinds. The hon. Member – and other hon. Members also – is quite right that according to the estimates and some surveys done, reports that we have received from our Resident Tourist Offices, we are short of almost 1,50, 000 rooms; 1,00000 rooms particularly in the budget category that means Yatri Niwases, one-star hotels, two-star hotels, three-star hotels and four-star hotels. Considering that, we would like the domestic tourisms to get greater emphasis.
While concluding his point, he unfortunately made a comment –from where I would like to state – that the UPA Government which came on the promise of the aam aadmi is only looking to five-star hotels. What I am going to respond in answer to his question should convince him is that it is still the aam aadmi and the common man and the domestic tourist which is on our agenda as number one.
To fulfil this category of 1,00000 rooms, we realize that the Government should not be running hotels as such. This was also probably when you were in office you sold off all the hotels. After becoming the Minister of Tourism, only a few low-budget hotels were left with the ITDC, not even 16 I think, two-star hotels and three-star hotels. It is because those hotels were not running, thinking that they are also going to be sold off, the first decision we took that we need hotels in budget category. So, the ITDC was asked to put those 16-odd hotels which are with ITDC and as joint-ventures with State Governments, in the proper condition of the star-age which they have occupied so that after that it can be decided whether they will be outsourced for running or ITDC will run. But we wanted to put those hotels back on the rails and start earning profit. I would like to tell the hon. Members that most of the Hotels, with the exception of two, are back on the rails and are earning profit including the ITDC whose profit has gone up to over 130 per cent whatever that would be.
Land being a State subject, I was asked how much land has been given for budget hotels by State Governments.
SHRI P.S. GADHAVI (KUTCH): I asked about for Central Government land.
SHRIMATI AMBIKA SONI: I will tell you the whole thing. Land is basically a State subject. It is only in Delhi that the Delhi Government does not have the hold over lan[r49] d.
So, the Central land is very limited, probably only to Delhi. Since land is a State subject and our desire is to promote tourism in the budget category to all the States in the country, to all pilgrimage spots, and to all places of cultural interest and tourist interest, my predecessor and then myself continued, we wrote to all the State Governments to make land available. I do not want to go into all the details of the letters but we insisted that instead of providing land especially in the budget category through open auctions – then the prices would go up very high –we should think in terms of equity sharing, leasing, long-term leases, joint ventures or whatsoever so as to keep the price of land low. We have got response from some State Governments but not too many.
As far as Delhi is concerned, DDA has specially, keeping in mind the 2010 Games, given us a lot of details. We have also seen that in the case of land which is auctioned by DDA, the prices are skyrocketed. No private player who bids for land at those high prices is willing to put up the budget hotels. It is not economically viable. Sometimes, the auctions have gone unattended. So, as a trial, we have written to the Ministry of Urban Development that they could consider giving us some, maybe three pieces of land for construction of budget hotels, and the Ministry of Tourism would take it from the Ministry of Urban Development at a reasonable price, which is the Government price, and then, through ITDC, which is a public sector undertaking, lease it on long-term holding to people who will build only budget hotels. This is a trial suggestion which has been proposed, and I have good reasons to believe that we will be able to undertake this proposal in Delhi itself. … (Interruptions)
SHRI P.S. GADHAVI : What about the Union Territories? … (Interruptions)
SHRIMATI AMBIKA SONI: You are talking of Pondicherry, Daman & Diu, and Andman & Nicobar Islands. We have received a reply from Daman & Diu. A lot of demand is there but there are some restrictions. There are areas in this country which are environmentally very sensitive. So, we have to get clearances from the Ministry of Environment and Forests. These things take a long time. With a lot of emphasis and with a lot of push, we are trying to push these things.
DDA has made some proposals, keeping in mind the 2010 games. They have auctioned 10 sites for 1831 rooms. If you want all the details, it will take a long time. The Haryana Government has offered 8,000 rooms. The UP Government has identified 25 sites for three-star and four and five star hotels. In addition to this, the Railways came forward very positively. Hundred sites for budget hotels have been identified by the Ministry of Railways. I am very glad to announce in this House that the Ministry of Railways are coming up as a big partner for tourism, and they have already put up tenders for 20 hotels near the railway stations and other places where budget hotels can be put up.
I think, Prof. Rasa Singh Rawat, mentioned that Taj group is going into it. It is true. I will tell you that a lot of private players who till now built only luxury and five-star hotels are into this whole proposal of ours and this country’s push for budget hotels, and are also bidding for these budget hotels. Even though they are budget hotels, we would like to give quality rooms to our domestic tourists and those who want to stay in the budget hotels. There are Taj and other groups who are absolutely … … (Interruptions)
|ÉÉä. ®ÉºÉÉ É˺Éc ®É´ÉiÉ : मैडम, यात्रियों के लिए विश्राम गृह और धर्मशालाएं होती थीं।… (व्यवधान) You please say something about that. … (Interruptions)
श्रीमती अम्बिका सोनी : àÉéxÉä xÉÉä] ÉÊBÉEªÉÉ cÖ+ÉÉ cè* vÉàÉǶÉÉãÉÉ BÉEÉ VÉÉä BÉEƺÉä{] lÉÉ, ´Éc +É£ÉÉÒ £ÉÉÒ cè, ãÉäÉÊBÉExÉ nä¶É ¤ÉnãÉiÉÉ VÉÉ ®cÉ cè* +ÉÉ{É £ÉÉÒ VÉÉxÉiÉä cé ÉÊBÉE c®äBÉE BÉEÉÒ +ÉɶÉÉAÆ A´ÉÆ +ÉÉBÉEÉÆFÉÉAÆ ¤ÉnãÉiÉÉÒ VÉÉ ®cÉÒ cè*… (व्यवधान) हम लोग यात्री निवास की बात भी कर रहे हैं, अब एक स्टार होटल तो धर्मशाला के मुताबिक ही है।[rep50] [r51] हम डॉरमेट्री की बात कर रहे हैं, जहां एक परिवार के छ: लोग एक बड़े कमरे में रह सकें। हमारा मकसद है कि आम आदमी टूरिज्म की द्ृष्टिकोण से, तीर्थयात्रा के द्ृष्टिकोण से अजमेर शरीफ जाए, वैष्णो देवी जाए, गोवा जाए या हरमंदिर साहब जाए, जहां भी वह जाना चाहे, वहां जाए और वहां उसे यात्री निवास या धर्मशाएं नहीं बल्कि उसके रहने के लिए डॉरमेट्रीज हर होटल में अवेलेबल हों।
महोदय, गुजरात सरकार ने भी कुछ प्रपोजल्स की घोषणा की है। हालांकि हमें उन्होंने नहीं बताया है, लेकिन घोषणा में बताया गया है कि गुजरात राज्य में जो बजट होटल्स बनाएंगे, उन्हें बिजली मुफ्त दी जाएगी और कॉर्पोरेशन टैक्स माफ किया जाएगा। इसी प्रकार से हरियाणा और उत्तर प्रदेश सरकारें भी कर रही हैं।
|ÉÉä. ®ÉºÉÉ É˺Éc ®É´ÉiÉ : महोदया, राजस्थान सरकार पर्यटन को सबसे ज्यादा बढ़ावा दे रही है।
श्रीमती अम्बिका सोनी: राजस्थान सरकार हैरिटेज होटल को बढ़ावा दे रही है। हम उनसे भी बात कर रहे हैं। इसके अलावा एक बहुत महत्वपूर्ण इनीशिएटिव हमारे मंत्रालय ने लिया है और वह है ब्रैड एंड ब्रेकफास्ट स्कीम चलाने का। पहले से भी कुछ इस प्रकार की स्कीम्स अलग-अलग स्टेट्स में चलती आई हैं। लेकिन लोग तंग करते थे। It was used to be a problematic thing. परमीशन मिल रही है, नहीं मिल रही है आदि अनेक प्रकार की प्रॉब्लम्स रहती थीं। मैं आपको बताना चाहूंगी कि हम लोगों ने इसे स्ट्रीम लाइन किया है और एक कमेटी बनाई है। उसमें एक पुलिस इंस्पैक्टर को रखने का प्रस्ताव है। दो तरह की एकोमोडेशन की व्यवस्था की गई है- एक सिल्वर कार्ड एवं दूसरी गोल्ड कार्ड। इनके लिए बहुत साधारण सी कंडीशन्स रखी गई हैं। इनके तहत एक कमरे से पांच कमरे वाले ओनर ब्रैड एंड ब्रेकफास्ट स्कीम के अन्तर्गत रजिस्ट्रेशन करा सकते हैं। इसमें एक शर्त यह है कि मकान मालिक या मकान की गृहिणी को उस मकान में रहना पड़ेगा। हम चाहते हैं कि जो भी डौमैस्टिक या बाहरी वजिटर रहे, उसे एक भारतीय परिवार के साथ रहने को मिले, उसे हमारी संस्कृति एवं परम्पराओं की जानकारी मिले, उनसे वह अवगत हो सके। हमें आशा है कि आने वाले समय में इस प्रकार से हमें १० हजार कमरे तक उपलब्ध हो सकेंगे। हम कोशिश कर रहे हैं कि इस बारे में सारी जानकारी हमारी वैबसाइट पर उपलब्ध हो। फिलहाल तो यह सब जानकारी टूरिज्म मनिस्ट्री की साइट पर उपलब्ध है। You are able to get a room at reasonable price in a family. Gradually, by the 2010 Games, we are hoping to put this in a commercial way with no charge to those people who are having rooms to rent out. But the whole exercise will be either underwritten by hotels or other organizations, which can pay and will keep the rents low.
मुझे लगता है कि ब्रैड एंड ब्रेकफास्ट स्कीम का एक और फायदा होने वाला है और वह है जो मीडियम वर्ग के परिवार हैं, जिनके बच्चे विदेशों में पढ़ रहे हैं या भारत में अपने शहर से बाहर किसी दूसरे शहर में पढ़ रहे हैं और उनके यहां दो कमरे खाली हैं, तो उन्हें किराए पर चढ़ाकर, वे अपनी आमदनी बढ़ा सकते हैं। एक गृहिणी जो अपने घर में ही रहना चाहती है, कहीं बाहर नहीं जाना चाहती है, जिसकी अपने घर को चलाने की २४ घंटे की जिम्मेदारी है, उसे कुछ हद तक आर्थिक सहायता इस स्कीम से मिल सके।
ºÉ£ÉÉ{ÉÉÊiÉ àÉcÉänªÉÉ : महिलाओं के लिए यह योजना बहुत अच्छी है।
gÉÉÒàÉiÉÉÒ +ÉÉÎà¤ÉBÉEÉ ºÉÉäxÉÉÒ: धन्यवाद, सभापति जी। मैं घर की गृहिणी की बात कर रही हूं। इस योजना के माध्यम यदि हम उसे आर्थिक तौर पर कुछ हद तक सक्षम बनाने में सफल हो सके, तो मैं इसे बहुत बड़ी सफलता मानूंगी। इसके अलावा आप सब लोग जानते हैं कि हमारा मंत्रालय बड़े-बड़े शहरों में नहीं, लेकिन छोटे-छोटे शहरों में दो और तीन स्टर के होटल बनाने के लिए १० प्रतिशत सब्सिडी देता है जिसकी अपर लमिट ७५ लाख रुपए है।
श्री पी.एस.गढ़वी : महोदया, मैं निवेदन करना चाहता हूं कि जिन होटलों को आप सब्सिडी देती हैं, उनके टैरिफ कंट्रोल होने चाहिए। वे कमरों का जो किराया वसूल करें, वह आपकी सहमति से होना चाहिए।
They are charging exorbitantly. Would there be a control on tariff? [r52] सभापति महोदया : वे पहले ही बता चुकी हैं कि कम से कम जो रेंट देगा।
श्रीमती अम्बिका सोनी: अभी तो सरकारी डिक्टा से कीमत तय की जाये तो यह आज के वातावरण में मैं समझती हूं कि सम्भव नहीं होगा। लेकिन हम कोशिश कर रहे हैं, जैसे कई जगहों पर हमने कहा है कि एक हजार रुपये तक कमरा मिलना चाहिए। अब ये कुछ नोम्र्स हैं, जो हम अपनी स्कीम को प्रमोट करते वक्त परिचालित करेंगे। हम अंदाज जरूर देंगे, जब सिल्वर और गोल्ड कैटेगरी की बात हो रही है तो यह बात जाहिर होती है कि अलग-अलग कैटेगरीज़ का हम कर सकेंगे। इसके अलावा मैं आपको बताना चाहती हूं कि पिछले ६-८ महीनों में मैंने वित्त मंत्रालय को कई पत्र लिखे हैं। पहले तो हम यह देखते हुए कि एक लाख ५० हजार कमरों की आवश्यकता है। सब होटलों के लिए किया था, लेकिन वह सम्भव नहीं था, उन्होंने इन्कार कर दिया। अब मैं इस बात को बहुत गम्भीरता से, बहुत जोरों से I am pushing it with the Finance Ministry that for those people who build budget hotels, one, two and three star hotels, starting now and having them finished before the Games of 2010, that the Finance Ministry should consider giving them tax incentive by declaring them infrastructure and giving them tax incentives. That is what I am pushing.
अगर मुझे पूरे सदन का सहयोग मिलेगा तो मुझे पूरा यकीन है कि वित्त मंत्री हमारा प्रपोजल मान लेंगे।
अन्त में मैं आपको इतना ही कहना चाहती हूं कि हमारे टूरिज्म को आज जो बढ़ावा मिल रहा है, हम कोशिश यह कर रहे हैं कि इसमें पब्लिक प्राइवेट पार्टनरशिप रहे। इसमें सरकार की बात तो चल नहीं सकेगी। जहां-जहां से हमें सम्भव है, सरकारों की मदद करना, एक प्राइवेट पार्टनरशिप के रूप में हम कर रहे हैं और मुझे पूरी उम्मीद है कि आप यह दिलचस्पी दिखाते रहेंगे, हम आगे बढ़ते रहेंगे और सफलता से बढ़ेंगे।
सभापति महोदया:àÉÆjÉÉÒ VÉÉÒ BÉEÉ VÉ´ÉÉ¤É ¤ÉcÖiÉ +ÉSUÉ ®cÉ* _____________