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Jharkhand High Court

Nanhu Mahato ? Nanhu Yadav & Ors. vs State Of Jharkhand on 17 May, 2017

Author: D.N. Patel

Bench: D.N. Patel, Ratnaker Bhengra

                                          1

                     CRIMINAL APPEAL(DB) NO. 159 OF 2011

              Against   the   judgment   of   conviction     and   sentence   dated   22 nd 
              December, 2010 passed by Sri Srikant Roy, Additional Sessions  
              Judge, F.T. Court No. II, Giridih in Sessions Trial No. 434 of  
              2004. 

              1. Nanhu Mahato @ Nanhu Yadav son of Late Teter Mahto
              2. Littu Mahato @ Lituwa Mahato @ Littu Yadav son of Late 
              Lakho Mahato
              3. Nago Yadav @ Nago Mahto son of Late Hulash Mahato, all 
              residents of Village Simrabeda, P.S.­ Suriya, District­Giridih
                                                          .......Appellants
                                 Vs.
               The State of Jharkhand                   ........Respondent


              For the Appellants           :     Mr. A.K. Sahani, Advocate
              For the Respondent           :     Mr. H.P. Singh, APP

                          PRESENT
              HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE D.N. PATEL
              HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE RATNAKER BHENGRA

Dated 17th May,2017
(Oral Judgment)
Per D.N. Patel,J:

1. This Criminal  Appeal has been preferred by the three appellants­  accused,   who   were   convicted   by   Additional   Sessions   Judge   cum   Fast  Track Court no. II, Giridih in Sessions Trial  No. 434 of 2004. They were  convicted   for   the   offences   punishable   U/Ss.   148,   302   to   be   read   with  Section   149   and   Section   450   of   the   Indian   Penal   Code.   Rigorous  imprisonment   for   two   years   was     awarded   u/s   148   IPC,     rigorous  imprisonment for seven years u/s 450 IPC and life imprisonment for the  offence  punishable  u/s 302 to be read with Section  149 IPC has been  imposed upon these appellants and no fine was imposed by the learned  Additional Sessions Judge cum Fast Track Court No. II, Giridih. All the  sentences were ordered to run concurrently. The judgment of conviction  and order of sentence  is dated 22nd December, 2010.

2. The incident has taken place on 24th May, 2004 at about 8 a.m. The  names of the deceased are :

2
                     (a)  Ravi Sao;
                     (b)  Prasad Sao and;
                     (c) Panchu Sao            The incident has taken place in the house of the deceased. The  accused persons along with others, broke open the door, entered into the  house   of   the   deceased.   The   accused   persons   had     come   with   deadly  weapons like Farsa, Sword etc. All the three were cut into two pieces and  dead   bodies   were   thrown   under   a   tree   opposite   to   the   house   of   the  deceased.   First   Information   Report   was   filed   on   same   day.   All   the  aforesaid three accused persons were named in the FIR along with other  co­accused. 

3. The   offence   was   registered   at   Bagodar   (Saria   )   Police   Station  District   Giridih   as   Bagodar   (Sariya)   P.S.   case   no.   111   of   2004.  Investigation was carried out. Statement of the witnesses were recorded  including the eye witnesses. Post Mortem was also carried out by P.W. 8  and charge sheet was filed and the case was committed to the court of  sessions being S.T. Case no. 434 of 2004.

4. Evidences   of   twelve   prosecution   witnesses   were   recorded   by  Additional Sessions Judge­ cum­ Fast Track Court no. II, Giridih and the  learned trial court has held that prosecution has proved the offences u/s  148 and offence punishable u/s 302 IPC to be read with Section 149 IPC  and   the   prosecution   has   also   proved   the   offence   committed   by   these  appellants   u/s   450   of   the   IPC   beyond   reasonable   doubts   and   has  convicted these appellants mainly for the offence punishable u/s 302  of  the Indian Penal Code to be read with section 149 thereof and sentenced  them to undergo life imprisonment and further rigorous imprisonment for  seven years for the offence u/s 450 IPC has also been imposed. Rigorous  imprisonment for two years for the offence punishable u/s 148 IPC has  also   been   imposed   and   all   the   sentences   have   been   ordered   to     run  concurrently. 

5. ARGUMENTS CANVASSED BY COUNSEL FOR THE APPELLANT: 

Counsel for the appellants has argued out the case at length and has  read   over   the   evidences   of   twelve   prosecution   witnesses     and   has  3 submitted that:
(a)     The so called eye witnesses are not the eye witnesses of the   incident.
    (b)  There are major omissions and contradictions in the  depositions  of the witnesses.
(C)     Prosecution   has     failed   to   prove   the   offences   beyond   reasonable  doubts.
(d)  There is a gross discrepancy between the ocular evidence and         the medical evidence.     
(e)   There is also murder committed by the deceased of Yogendra        Yadav, who was a person from the side of the appellants­ accused.   
(f)   The place of occurrence is different than what is narrated by  the eye witnesses.
(g)   The witnesses, upon whom, heavy reliance has been placed  by the prosecution are partisan witnesses as they are the  relatives of the deceased.  
(h)    The offence of murder has been committed because of the  land dispute.   

  These are the main arguments canvassed by counsel for  the appellants and he has further submitted that the aforesaid major  discrepancies in the evidences of the prosecution witnesses have not  been   properly   appreciated   by   the   learned   trial   court   and   the  prosecution   has   failed   to   prove   the   offences   committed   by   these  appellants beyond reasonable  doubts and hence, the judgment of  conviction and order of sentence passed by the learned trial court in  Sessions Trial no. 434 of 2004 deserves to be quashed and set aside. 

6. ARGUMENTS CANVASSED BY COUNSEL FOR THE STATE:

Counsel   appearing   for   the   State­   APP   has   submitted   that   the  prosecution   has proved  the offence of murder of the deceased persons  beyond   reasonable   doubts.   The   case   of   the   prosecution   is   based   upon  more   than   one   eye   witnesses   and   they   have   clearly   narrated   the   role  played by the appellants­accused in causing murder of the deceased. It is  4 further   submitted   by   learned   APP     that   the   medical   evidence   is  corroborative to the ocular evidence. The whole incident has taken place  in the house of the deceased and hence, eye witnesses are bound to be  close relatives of the deceased, whose evidences cannot be brushed aside  by the court only on the ground of being close relatives. It has further  been submitted by the learned APP that looking to the cross­examination  of P.Ws. 4,6 and 7, nothing is coming out  in favour of these appellants­ accused. The accused persons have been identified by these witnesses. It  is also submitted by the learned A.P.P.  that initially some free fight had  taken place in the field then the deceased came at the   house and the  accused persons came at the house of the deceased. Accused persons were  aggressive and they came with weapon and broke open the door of the  house of the deceased.  This shows pre­planned and well designed action  on the part of the appellants­accused. The benefit of sudden provocation  cannot be given to the appellants­accused. In fact, these appellants came  slightly     later   on   along   with   other   co­accused,   at   the   house   of   the  deceased. These facts reflect that earlier incident was separate in the field  and the assault in the house of the deceased was another incident. These  aspects of the matter has been properly appreciated by the learned trial  court and hence, this appeal may not be entertained by this Court.

7. F I N D I N G S :             

Having heard counsel for both sides and looking to the   evidences  on record, we see no reason to entertain this criminal appeal, mainly for  the following evidences on record.        
(i) Incident has taken place on 24th May, 2004 at about 8 a.m. These three appellants were named in the FIR along with other co-accused. The FIR is filed on the very same date. This is a triple murder case and the name of the deceased are:
(a) Ravi Sao;
(b) Prasad Sao; and (C ) Panchu Sao Thereafter, investigation was carried out for the offences registered as Bagodar (Sariya) P.S. Case No. 111 of 2004 at Bagodar ( Sariya) Police Station, District-Giridih. Statements of the witnesses were recorded and ultimately, charge sheet was filed and the case was 5 committed to the court of Additional Sessions Judge-FTC No. II, Giridih, where it was numbered as S.T. No. 434 of 2004.

8. The prosecution has examined 12 witnesses, P.W. 4, P.W. 6 are the eye witnesses. P.W. 7 is the informant, P.W. 8 is doctor, who has carried out the post-mortem examination on the bodies of the three deceased and P.W. 12 is the investigating officer.

9. We have perused the evidences of the prosecution witnesses including P.W. 4, who is the wife of P.W. 1. She has narrated the role played by this appellants-accused. We have also perused the cross examination of these prosecution witnesses. Looking to paragraph no. 2 of the deposition of P.W. 4 and her cross examination, nothing is found favourable to these appellants-accused. The examination-in-chief of P.W. 4 remains intact as it is, even during her cross examination, who has identified these three appellants-accused. Looking to the over all evidences of P.W. 4 to be read with the medical evidence given by P.W. 8 to be read with evidence given by Investigating Officer, P.W. 12 , she is a trustworthy and reliable witness.

10. We have also perused the evidence of P.W.6., who is the wife of Prasad Sao. She has also narrated that these appellants-accused were present and they have committed the assault upon the deceased. She has also identified these appellants-accused. We have also perused cross examination of P.W. 6 ,but, nothing has come out in favaour of these appellants-accused. On the contrary, though she is a villager and rustic witness and though she has given evidence after approximately 18 months, she has narrated the whole incident accurately. Looking to her deposition, she has narrated that all these appellants-accused were present and they assaulted the deceased. She has proved the date, time and place of occurrence. She has also narrated that these appellants were present and they have assaulted the deceased. It ought to be kept in mind that when several accused persons are assaulting several persons, two much mathematical narration is not required. We never expect from a rustic witness any photographic memory or photographic narration.

11. Looking to the deposition given by P.W. 7, it appears that she is the wife of deceased Panchu Sao and the mother of deceased Ravi Sao. She is the informant. She has given the fard-beyan on the very same date i.e. on 24th May, 2004 and these appellants-accused were named in the FIR. She has also narrated that these appellants were the assailants and they caused the murder of the deceased along with other co-accused. She has proved the FIR, which is marked as Ext.-2.

12. Looking to the medical evidence given by P.W. 8, Dr. Ruben 6 Hembrom, the injuries sustained by Prasad Sao, as per most-mortem report, are as under:-

(I) Skull was cut in two half-fracture of skull bone, brain was also cut in two halves
(ii) Neck was cut, two third of the neck was cut-wound about 6"x3"x bone deep
(iii) Lacerated wound on right thigh-6"x3"

On dissection, the doctor has found, apart from above cut injuries, all the major blood vessels were cut and in posterior part only the skin and muscle were intact. He has opined that the injuries were caused by heavy instrument and the death was due to shock and haemorrhage. The report is Ext.-1

13. Looking to the injuries sustained by Panchu Sao, as per post-mortem, are as under:-

                 (I)        Skull fractured, wound on scalp-6"x3"xbone
                            deep
                 (ii)       Brain was cut
                 (iii)      Cut wound at right hand-4"x3"x bone deep.

On dissection, he has found the skull bone fractured, brain cut in two halves, and injuries were caused by heavy sharp cutting instrument and the death was caused due to shock and haemorrhage. His report is Ext. 1/a.

14. Looking to the injuries sustained by Ravi Sao as per medical evidence, given by P.W. 8, are as under:-

                 (I)        Compound fracture of right forearm, wound
                       about 4"x3"x bone deep
                 (ii)       Cut wound on right side of face about 6"x3"
                 (iii)      Cut wound at neck-6"x3"xbone deep
                 (iv)       Fracture of leg below knee joint.

On dissection, he has found fracture of skull bone, brain lacerated, all the vessels cut and the injuries were antemortem in nature caused by sharp heavy cutting weapon and the cause of death was due to shock and haemorrhage. His report is Ext.1/b.

15. Looking to the aforesaid injuries upon the bodies of the deceased, it appears that medical evidence is absolutely corroborative to the deposition given by P.W. 4 , P.W. 6 and P.W. 7. The weapon used were Farsa and Sword. Medical evidence also tallies the date and time of the murder i.e. on 24.05.2004 at about 8 a.m. As per medical evidence, injuries sustained by the deceased were sufficient, in ordinary course of nature, to cause death of the deceased.

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16. We have also perused the evidence of P.W. 12, the Investigating Officer, who has proved the date of the offence, the time of the offence and the place of the occurrence. FIR was registered on the very same date and all the three appellants-accused were named in the FIR. Thus, there is no exaggeration in the case of the prosecution. From the very beginning, it is the case of the prosecution that appellants were the assailants and they caused murder of the three deceased, along with other accused persons. Thus, the evidence given by P.W. 12 is corroborative to the evidence given by other eye witnesses. Looking to the evidences on record, it appears that P.W. 4, P.W. 6 and P.W. 7 are trustworthy and reliable witnesses. Their evidences are getting enough corroboration by the medical evidence as well as by the Investigating Officer's evidence. Thus, the prosecution has proved the offences committed by these appellants under section 148 of the IPC and offence of murder of three deceased as well as offence under section 450 of the Indian Penal Code beyond reasonable doubt.

17. Much has been argued out by the counsel for the appellants that the so called eye witnesses are partisan witnesses and they are the close relative of the deceased ,but, they are not helpful to the defence mainly for the following reasons:-

(a) The incident has taken place in the house of the deceased and therefore the witnesses are bound to be the relative of the deceased.
(b) Whenever the relative of the deceased are giving evidences, their evidences cannot be brushed aside by the Court per se.

18. In the case of State of Rajasthan v. Teja Ram, reported in (1999) 3 SCC 507, the Hon'ble Supreme Court in Para-20 held as follows:

"20.  Another   reason   which   the   High   Court   advanced   to   repel   the   testimony of such a good number of probable witnesses is that they are   all close relatives of the deceased and that independent witnesses were   not   examined   by   the   prosecution..   The   over­insistence   on   witnesses   having no relation with the victims often results in criminal justice going   awry. When any incident happens in a dwelling house, the most natural   witnesses would be the inmates of that house. It is unpragmatic to ignore   such natural witnesses and insist on outsiders who would not have even   seen anything. If the court has discerned from the evidence or even from   the   investigation   records   that   some   other   independent   person   has   witnessed any event connecting the incident in question, then there is a   justification for making adverse comments against non­examination of   such a person as a prosecution witness. Otherwise, merely on surmises   the court should not castigate the prosecution for not examining other   persons of the locality as prosecution witnesses.  The prosecution can be   expected to examine only those who have witnessed the events and not   those who have not seen it though the neighbourhood may be replete   with other residents also."

(Emphasis Supplied)

19. In the case of Namdeo v. State of Maharashtra, reported in (2007) 14 8 SCC 150, the Hon'ble Supreme court in Para- 29 & 38 held as follows:

"29.  It was then contended that the only eyewitness, PW 6 Sopan was   none   other   than   the   son   of   the   deceased.   He   was,   therefore,   "highly   interested" witness and his deposition should, therefore, be discarded as it   has not been corroborated in material particulars by other witnesses. We   are unable to uphold the contention. In our judgment, a witness who is a   relative of the deceased or victim of a crime cannot be characterised as   "interested". The term "interested" postulates that the witness has some   direct or indirect "interest" in having the accused somehow or the other   convicted due to animus or for some other oblique motive.
38.  From the above case law,  it is clear that a close relative cannot be   characterised as an "interested" witness. He is a "natural" witness. His   evidence, however, must be scrutinised carefully. If on such scrutiny, his   evidence   is   found   to   be   intrinsically   reliable,   inherently   probable   and   wholly trustworthy, conviction can be based on the "sole" testimony of   such witness. Close relationship of witness with the deceased or victim is   no ground to reject his evidence. On the contrary, close relative of the   deceased would normally be most reluctant to spare the real culprit and   falsely implicate an innocent one."

(Emphasis Supplied)

20. In the case of Mano Dutt v. State of U.P., reported in (2012) 4 SCC 79, the Hon'ble Supreme Court in Para-24 and 33 held as follows:

"24. Another contention raised on behalf of the appellant­accused is that   only family members of the deceased were examined as witnesses and   they being interested witnesses cannot be relied upon. Furthermore, the   prosecution did not examine any independent witnesses and, therefore,   the prosecution has failed to establish its case beyond reasonable doubt.   This argument is again without much substance. Firstly, there is no bar   in law in examining family members, or any other person, as witnesses.   More  often  than  not,  in  such  cases  involving  family  members  of  both   sides, it is a member of the family or a friend who comes to rescue the   injured.   Those   alone   are   the   people   who   take   the   risk   of   sustaining   injuries by jumping into such a quarrel and trying to defuse the crisis.   Besides, when the statement of witnesses, who are relatives, or are parties   known to the affected party, is credible, reliable, trustworthy, admissible   in   accordance   with   the   law   and   corroborated   by   other   witnesses   or   documentary   evidence   of   the   prosecution,   there   would   hardly   be   any   reason for the Court to reject such evidence merely on the ground that   the witness was a family member or an interested witness or a person   known to the affected party.
33. The court can convict an accused on the statement of a sole witness,   even if he was a relative of the deceased and thus, an interested party.  The condition precedent to such an order is that the statement of such   witness   should   satisfy   the   legal   parameters   stated   by   this   Court   in   a   catena   of   judgments.   Once   those   parameters   are   satisfied   and   the   statement of the witness is trustworthy, cogent and corroborated by other   evidence   produced   by   the   prosecution,   oral   or   documentary,   then   the   court would not fall in error of law in relying upon the statement of such   witness. It is only when the courts find that the single eyewitness is a   wholly unreliable witness that his testimony is discarded in toto and no   amount of corroboration can cure its defect." 

(Emphasis Supplied) 21 In the case of Dayal Singh v. State of Uttaranchal, reported in (2012) 8 SCC 263, the Hon'ble Supreme Court in Para-14 held as follows:

"14.  This Court has repeatedly held that an eyewitness version cannot   be discarded by the court merely on the ground that such eyewitness   happened   to   be   a   relation   or   friend   of   the   deceased.   The   concept   of   9 interested witness essentially must carry with it the element of unfairness   and undue  intention to falsely implicate the  accused.  It  is only  when   these elements are present, and statement of the witness is unworthy of   credence that the court would examine the possibility of discarding such   statements.  But where the presence of the eyewitnesses is proved to be   natural   and   their   statements   are   nothing   but   truthful   disclosure   of   actual facts leading to the occurrence and the occurrence itself, it will not   be permissible for the court to discard the statements of such related or    friendly witness  ." 

(Emphasis Supplied)

22. In the case of Shyam Babu v. State of U.P., reported in (2012) 8 SCC 651, the Hon'ble Supreme Court in Para-21 and 22 held as follows:

"21.  Mr V.K. Shukla, learned counsel for the appellant submitted that   since   most   of   the   prosecution   witnesses   are   related   to   the   deceased   persons, the same cannot be relied on. We are unable to accept the said   contention.
22.  This  Court   has  repeatedly  held   that   the  version  of  an eyewitness   cannot   be   discarded   by   the   court   merely   on   the   ground   that   such   eyewitness happened to be a relative or friend of the deceased. It is also   stated that where the presence of the eyewitnesses is proved to be natural   and their statements are nothing but truthful disclosure of actual facts   leading   to   the   occurrence,   it   will   not   be   permissible   for   the   court   to   discard   the   statement   of   such   related   or   friendly   witnesses.   To   put   it   clear, there is no bar in law on examining family members or any other   person as witnesses. In fact, in cases involving family members of both   sides, it is a member of the family or a friend who comes to rescue the   injured. If the statement of witnesses, who are relatives or known to the   parties   affected   is   credible,   reliable,   trustworthy   and   corroborated   by   other witnesses, there would hardly be any reason for the court to reject   such   evidence   merely   on   the   ground   that   the   witness   was   a   family   member or an interested witness or a person known to the affected party   or friend, etc." 

                                                                                        (Emphasis Supplied) (c ) The evidences of the relative of the deceased has to be evaluated by the Court with all circumspection and nothing beyond that. Even the close relative can be the eye witnesses, there is no ban or bar under the Indian Evidence Act and cross examination is the weapon at the hands of the accused side. Looking to cross examination of P.W. 4 , P.W. 6 and P.W. 7, nothing has come out in favour of these appellants accused. The examination-in-chief of these witnesses has remained intact as it is. Looking to over all evidences of P.W. 4, P.W. 6 and P.W. 7 to be read with evidence of P.W. 8 and to be read with evidence given by the Investigating Officer, P.W. 12, these witnesses are reliable witnesses and thus, they are trustworthy witnesses.

23. Counsel for the appellants has submitted that only two accused persons are named in the FIR ,but, this is factually incorrect, looking to the FIR, which is Ext.-2. Counsel for the appellants has submitted that there was land dispute and because of this one Yogendra Yadav has also been murdered by these deceased. Looking to the evidences on record, it 10 appears that the incident has taken place in two parts. Initially, there was some dispute in the field and thereafter the deceased came at the house and they were followed by these three appellants along with other accused persons with deadly weapons in their hand. These appellants- accused along with other accused persons broke open the door of the house of the three deceased. They assaulted them with deadly weapon like farsa, sword etc. in the house of the deceased. All the three deceased were given blows by deadly weapons so severely that they expired on the spot.

24. Much has been argued out by counsel for the appellants about the so called self defence. Self defence is double edged sword. If plea of self defence is taken by defence counsel, the burden of proof is upon defence and not upon prosecution. If appellants are taking the plea of self defence, they are proving their presence at the place of occurrence with weapons.

25. It has been held by Hon'ble the Supreme Court in the case of Bhanwar Singh v. State of M.P., (2008) 16 SCC 657  at Paragraph nos. 50 and 51 as follows:

"50. The plea of private defence has been brought up by the appellants.   For this plea to succeed in totality, it must be proved that there existed a   right   to   private   defence   in   favour   of   the   accused,   and   that   this   right   extended to causing death. Hence, if the court were to reject this plea,   there are two possible ways in which this may be done. On one hand, it   may be held that there existed a right to private defence of the body.   However, more harm than necessary was caused or, alternatively, this   right did not extend to causing death. Such a ruling may result in the   application   of   Section   300   Exception   2,   which   states   that   culpable   homicide is not murder if the offender, in the exercise in good faith of the   right of private defence of person or property, exceeds the power given to   him   by   law   and   causes   the   death   of   the   person   against   whom   he   is   exercising such right of defence without premeditation, and without any   intention of doing more harm than is necessary for the purpose of such   defence. The other situation is where, on appreciation of facts, the right   of private defence is held not to exist at all.
51.  The  present  case  would   fall  in the   latter  category  as  facts  clearly   establish   a   common   object   to   orchestrate   an   armed   attack   of   such   a   serious nature that, even if the common object itself was not to cause   death, the accused can be said to have been possessed of the knowledge   that   the   offence   of   murder/culpable   homicide   would   be   committed   in   prosecution   of   this   common   object,   and   such   a   common   object   is   irreconcilable with the right of private defence."

    (Emphasis Supplied)

26. It has been held by Hon'ble The Supreme Court in the case of   Darshan  Singh v. State of Punjab, reported in (2010) 2 SCC 333 at paragraph no. 58  as under:

"58.  The   following   principles   emerge   on   scrutiny   of   the   following   judgments:
(i) Self­preservation is the basic human instinct and is duly recognised by   the criminal jurisprudence of all civilised countries. All free, democratic   and   civilised   countries   recognise   the   right   of   private   defence   within   certain reasonable limits.
(ii) The right of private defence is available only to one who is suddenly   11 confronted with the necessity of averting an impending danger and not of   self­creation.
(iii) A mere reasonable apprehension is enough to put the right of self­ defence   into   operation.   In   other   words,   it   is   not   necessary   that   there   should be an actual commission of the offence in order to give rise to the   right of private defence. It is enough if the accused apprehended that such   an offence is contemplated and it is likely to be committed if the right of   private defence is not exercised.
(iv)   The   right   of   private   defence   commences   as   soon   as   a   reasonable   apprehension   arises   and   it   is   coterminous   with   the   duration   of   such   apprehension.
(v)   It   is   unrealistic   to   expect   a   person   under   assault   to  modulate   his   defence step by step with any arithmetical exactitude.
(vi)  In   private   defence   the   force   used   by  the   accused   ought   not   to  be   wholly disproportionate or much greater than necessary for protection of   the person or property.
(vii) It is well settled that even if the accused does not plead self­defence,   it is open to consider such a plea if the same arises from the material on   record.
(viii) The accused need not prove  the  existence  of the right  of private   defence beyond reasonable doubt.
(ix) The Penal Code confers the right of private defence only when that   unlawful or wrongful act is an offence.
(x) A person who is in imminent and reasonable danger of losing his life   or limb may in exercise of self­defence inflict any harm even extending to   death on his assailant either when the assault is attempted or directly   threatened."

(Emphasis Supplied)

27. It has been held by Hon'ble the Supreme Court in the case of  Arjun v.   State   of   Maharashtra   reported   in     (2012)   5   SCC   530  in   paragraph   Nos.  23,24 & 26 which are as under:

"23.   It is for the accused claiming the right of private defence to place    necessary material on record either by himself adducing positive evidence   or   by   eliciting   necessary   facts   from   the   witnesses   examined   for   the   prosecution, if a plea of private defence is raised. (Munshi Ram v. Delhi   Admn., State of Gujarat v. Bai FatimaState of U.P. v. Mohd. Musheer   Khan, Mohinder Pal Jolly v. State of Punjab and Salim Zia v. State of   U.P.)
24.  A plea of right of private defence cannot be based on surmises and   speculation.   While   considering   whether   the   right   of   private   defence   is   available to an accused, it is not relevant whether he may have a chance   to inflict severe and mortal injury on the aggressor. In order to find out   whether the right of private defence is available to an accused, the entire   incident must be examined with care and viewed in its proper setting.
26.  Section   99   lays   down   the   limits   of   the   right   of   private   defence.   Sections 96 and 98 give a right of private defence against certain offences   and acts. The right given under Sections 96 to 98 and 100 to 106 is   controlled by Section 99. To plea a right of private defence extending to   voluntary   causing   of   death,   the   accused   must   show   that   there   were   circumstances   giving  rise   to  reasonable   grounds   for   apprehending   that   either death or grievous hurt would be caused to him."

(Emphasis supplied)

28. It has been held by Hon'bel the Supreme court in the case of  Manjeet   Singh v. State of H.P., reported in (2014) 5 SCC 697 at paragraph no.18 as   12 under: 

"18.  Under Section 96 IPC, "Nothing is an offence which is done in the   exercise of the right of private defence". Right of private defence of the   body and of property has been enumerated under Section 97 IPC, subject   to the restrictions contained in Section 99 IPC. As per the said section   every person has a right to defend:
"First.--His own body, and the body of any other person, against any   offence affecting the human body;
Secondly.--The property, whether movable or immovable, of himself or of   any other person, against any act which is an offence falling under the   definition of theft, robbery, mischief or criminal trespass, or which is an   attempt to commit theft, robbery, mischief or criminal trespass."

Section 102 IPC deals with commencement and continuance of the right   of private defence of the body as follows:

"102.   Commencement   and   continuance   of   the   right   of   private defence of the body.--The right of private defence of the body   commences as soon as a reasonable apprehension of danger to the body   arises from an attempt or threat to commit the offence though the offence   may   not   have   been   committed;   and   it   continues   as   long   as   such   apprehension of danger to the body continues."

The extent and limitations  of the right of private defence is prescribed   under   Sections   96   to   106   IPC.   Such   a   right   can   be   exercised   only   to  defend the unlawful action and not to retaliate."

(Emphasis supplied)

29. We have carefully gone through the self defence and the FIR for the death of Yogendra Yadav which is Ext. A and the evidences of the prosecution witnesses and the defence witnesses. These appellants have miserably failed in proving self defence. Nothing has been proved which is essential for the self defence. Bare assertion of the self defence is not the evidence at all even if they speak for it thousand times, especially for want of evidences. There is no evidence on record which proves that how and where and at what time Yogendra Yadav was murdered. In fact, self defence is not at all favourable for these appellants because it appears that the earlier incident has taken place in the field and thereafter these three deceased, namely, (a) Ravi Sao;(b) Prasad Sao and (c ) Panchu Sao came at their house and thereafter these three appellants along with other accused came with deadly weapons at their hands , at the residence of aforesaid three deceased and broke open the door of the house of the deceased. These facts have been proved by all the prosecution witnesses examined in S.T. No. 434 of 2004. Meaning thereby too, the availability of the self defence is over in the field itself. Moreover, grave and sudden provocation was also over in the field itself. Now what remains, aggressive part of the appellants, who came later on with other additional co-accused that too, with deadly weapons in their hands. They were so much aggressive that they broke open the door of the house of the deceased 13 which was bolted from inside. Once the aforesaid three deceased were bolted in their own house, no self defence was available to the appellants in the room, when there was no grave and sudden provocation was available with these appellants-accused. Not a single defence is available to these appellants-accused, especially when they came later on with deadly weapons and broke open the house of the deceased. These evidences have been properly appreciated by the learned trial court.

30. In view of aforesaid evidences on record, the prosecution has proved the murder of three deceased, committed by these three appellants- accused beyond reasonable doubt, by deadly weapons in their hands and by breaking open the house of the deceased. Looking to the quantum of the punishment awarded by the learned trial court, we see no reason to alter the quantum of punishment, as they have been adequately punished u/s 148 I.P.C. with two years R.I. , R.I. for seven years u/s 450 IPC and looking to the minimum sentence awarded u/s 302 to be read with section 149 IPC thereof. Thus, there is no error committed by the trial court in convicting and punishing these appellants-accused. Hence, there is no substance in this criminal appeal and the same is ,therefore, dismissed.

31. The order of suspension of sentence passed in favour of appellant no. 3 Nago Yadav is hereby cancelld. The bail bond is also cancelled and we hereby direct the Nago Yadav, who is appellant no. 3 in this criminal appeal, to surrender forthwith. Rest of two appellants-accused are in jail, as submitted by APP as well as counsel for the appellants and they will serve out the sentences as per order passed by the trial court. Nago Yadav will serve the sentence as per the order of the trial court and he will immediately surrender and if he is not surrendering immediately, he will be arrested by the police.

32. Copy of this order will be sent to the trial court as well as to the D.G.P. and to the I.G. Prison.

33. This criminal appeal is, hereby, dismissed.

 

                                                              (D.N.Patel,J.)                                 (Ratnaker Bhengra, J.) Jharkhand High Court, Ranchi Dated 17th May, 2017 Sharda/Nibha NAFR