Patna High Court - Orders
Jay Ram Sahani vs The State Of Bihar on 2 December, 2022
Bench: Chief Justice, Partha Sarthy
IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA
Civil Writ Jurisdiction Case No.16588 of 2022
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Jay Ram Sahani, Son of Nand Lal Sahani, Resident of Ward No. 02, Ramjan
Nagar, Kakunjan, Police Station Chackmehasi, District Samastipur.
... ... Petitioner/s
Versus
1. The State of Bihar through the Chief Secretary, Government of Bihar, Patna.
2. The District Collector, Samastipur.
3. The Block Development Officer, Kalyanpur, Samastipur.
4. The Circle Officer, Kalyanpur, Samastipur.
5. The Circle Inspector, Kalyanpur, Samastipur.
6. Rajgir Sahani, Son of Prahalad Sahani, resident of Ramjan Nagar, Police
Station Chackmehasi, District Samastipur.
7. Baleshwar Sahani, Son of Late Mangal Sahani, resident of Ramjan Nagar,
Police Station Chackmehasi, District Samastipur.
8. Manjay Sahani, Son of Bhaju Sahani, resident of Ramjan Nagar, Police
Station Chackmehasi, District Samastipur.
9. Bhutta Sahani, Son of Sahalad Sahani, resident of Ramjan Nagar, Police
Station Chackmehasi, District Samastipur.
10. Ram Vilash Thakur, Son of Baltu Thakur, resident of Ramjan Nagar, Police
Station Chackmehasi, District Samastipur.
11. Bimala Devi, wife of Shankar Prasad, resident of Ramjan Nagar, Police
Station Chackmehasi, District Samastipur.
12. Ganesh Sahani, Son of Anup Sahani, resident of Ramjan Nagar, Police
Station Chackmehasi, District Samastipur.
13. Arjun Sahani, Son of Jhapash Sahani, resident of Ramjan Nagar, Police
Station Chackmehasi, District Samastipur.
14. Sanjay Sahani, Son of Bhaju Sahani, resident of Ramjan Nagar, Police
Station Chackmehasi, District Samastipur.
15. Ram Bali Sahani, Son of Bhaju Sahani, resident of Ramjan Nagar, Police
Station Chackmehasi, District Samastipur.
16. Manjay Sahani, Son of Bhaju Sahani, resident of Ramjan Nagar, Police
Station Chackmehasi, District Samastipur.
17. Ram Lalit Sahani, Son of Bhaju Sahani, resident of Ramjan Nagar, Police
Patna High Court CWJC No.16588 of 2022(2) dt.02-12-2022
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Station Chackmehasi, District Samastipur.
18. Shambhu Sahani, Son of Raj Ballabh Sahani, resident of Ramjan Nagar,
Police Station Chackmehasi, District Samastipur.
19. Lalo Sahani, Son of Raj Ballabh Sahani, resident of Ramjan Nagar, Police
Station Chackmehasi, District Samastipur.
20. Sanjay Sahani, Son of Raj Ballabh Sahani, resident of Ramjan Nagar, Police
Station Chackmehasi, District Samastipur.
... ... Respondent/s
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Appearance :
For the Petitioner/s : Mr.Pramod Ban Bihari Singh, Advocate
For the Respondent/s : Mr.Sajid Salim Khan (SC25)
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CORAM: HONOURABLE THE CHIEF JUSTICE
and
HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE PARTHA SARTHY
ORAL ORDER
(Per: HONOURABLE THE CHIEF JUSTICE)
The proceedings of the Court are being conducted by Hon'ble the Chief
Justice/Hon'ble Judges through Video Conferencing from their
residential offices/residences. Also the Advocates and the Staffs joined the
proceedings through Video Conferencing from their residences/offices.)
2 02-12-2022The petitioner has prayed for the following relief/s :-
"i) To issue a writ in the nature of mandamus or any other appropriate writ/writs, order / orders direction directions commanding respondents to remove the encroachment from government land/ road of Mauza Salha, Thana No.3, Khesara No. 150, 177 District Samastipur according to the report of Halka Karamchari dated 19.01.2022.
ii) To award any other relief or reliefs for which the petitioner is found entitle in the facts and circumstances of the case."
Patna High Court CWJC No.16588 of 2022(2) dt.02-12-2022 3/7 Learned counsel for the State opposes the petition stating that the petition is misconceived; raises disputed question of fact; is not in public interest; and that the issue can be best resolved at the local level by the appropriate authorities.
We find that petitioner has an alternative remedy, equally efficacious in terms of and under the provisions of the Bihar Public Land Encroachment Act, 1956.
Confronted as to why the petitioner has not taken recourse to such remedies, we see no answer forthcoming.
We see that the present petition is in the nature of private interest litigation and not public interest litigation, inasmuch as dispute between the private parties stands highlighted. As such, we refrain from issuing any notice.
The Hon'ble Supreme Court in D. N. Jeevaraj Vs. Chief Secretary, Government of Karnataka & Ors, (2016) 2 SCC 653, paragraphs 34 to 38 observed as under:-
"34. The learned counsel for the parties addressed us on the question of the bona fides of Nagalaxmi Bai in filing a public interest litigation. We leave this question open and do not express any opinion on the correctness or otherwise of the decision of the High Court in this regard.
35. However, we note that generally speaking, procedural technicalities ought to take a back seat in public interest litigation. This Court held in Rural Litigation and Entitlement Kendra v. State of U.P. [Rural Litigation and Entitlement Kendra v. State of U.P., 1989 Supp (1) SCC 504] to this effect as follows:
(SCC p. 515, para 16) Patna High Court CWJC No.16588 of 2022(2) dt.02-12-2022 4/7 "16. The writ petitions before us are not inter parties disputes and have been raised by way of public interest litigation and the controversy before the court is as to whether for social safety and for creating a hazardless environment for the people to live in, mining in the area should be permitted or stopped. We may not be taken to have said that for public interest litigations, procedural laws do not apply. At the same time it has to be remembered that every technicality in the procedural law is not available as a defence when a matter of grave public importance is for consideration before the court."
36. A considerable amount has been said about public interest litigation in R&M Trust [R&M Trust v. Koramangala Residents Vigilance Group, (2005) 3 SCC 91] and it is not necessary for us to dwell any further on this except to say that in issues pertaining to good governance, the courts ought to be somewhat more liberal in entertaining public interest litigation. However, in matters that may not be of moment or a litigation essentially directed against one organisation or individual (such as the present litigation which was directed only against Sadananda Gowda and later Jeevaraj was impleaded) ought not to be entertained or should be rarely entertained. Other remedies are also available to public spirited litigants and they should be encouraged to avail of such remedies.
37. In such cases, that might not strictly fall in the category of public interest litigation and for which other remedies are available, insofar as the issuance of a writ of mandamus is concerned, this Court held in Union of India v. S.B. Vohra [Union of India v. S.B. Vohra, (2004) 2 SCC 150: 2004 SCC (L&S) 363] that:
(SCC p. 160, paras 12-13) "12. Mandamus literally means a command. The essence of mandamus in England was that it was a royal command issued by the King's Bench (now Queen's Bench) directing performance of a public legal duty.
13. A writ of mandamus is issued in favour of a person who establishes a legal right in himself. A writ of mandamus is issued against a person who has a legal duty to perform but has failed and/or neglected to do so. Such a legal duty emanates from either in discharge of a public duty or by operation of law. The writ of mandamus is of a most extensive remedial Patna High Court CWJC No.16588 of 2022(2) dt.02-12-2022 5/7 nature. The object of mandamus is to prevent disorder from a failure of justice and is required to be granted in all cases where law has established no specific remedy and whether justice despite demanded has not been granted."
38. A salutary principle or a well-recognised rule that needs to be kept in mind before issuing a writ of mandamus was stated in Saraswati Industrial Syndicate Ltd. v. Union of India [Saraswati Industrial Syndicate Ltd. v. Union of India, (1974) 2 SCC 630] in the following words: (SCC pp. 641-42, paras 24-25) "24. ... The powers of the High Court under Article 226 are not strictly confined to the limits to which proceedings for prerogative writs are subject in English practice. Nevertheless, the well-recognised rule that no writ or order in the nature of a mandamus would issue when there is no failure to perform a mandatory duty applies in this country as well. Even in cases of alleged breaches of mandatory duties, the salutary general rule, which is subject to certain exceptions, applied by us, as it is in England, when a writ of mandamus is asked for, could be stated as we find it set out in Halsbury's Laws of England (3rd Edn.), Vol. 11, p. 106:
'198. Demand for performance must precede application.--As a general rule the order will not be granted unless the party complained of has known what it was he was required to do, so that he had the means of considering whether or not he should comply, and it must be shown by evidence that there was a distinct demand of that which the party seeking the mandamus desires to enforce, and that that demand was met by a refusal.'
25. In the cases before us there was no such demand or refusal. Thus, no ground whatsoever is shown here for the issue of any writ, order, or direction under Article 226 of the Constitution."
As such, petition stands disposed of in the following terms:-
Patna High Court CWJC No.16588 of 2022(2) dt.02-12-2022 6/7
(a). Liberty reserved to the petitioner to take recourse to such remedies as are otherwise available in accordance with law;
(b) We are hopeful that as and when petitioner takes recourse to such remedies, as are otherwise available in law, before the appropriate forum, the same shall be dealt with, in accordance with law and with reasonable dispatch;
(c) The authority concerned shall consider and dispose of the matter expeditiously by a reasoned and speaking order preferably within a period of four months from the date of approaching the petitioner before the appropriate authority;
(d) Needless to add, while considering and deciding the matter, principles of natural justice shall be followed and due opportunity of hearing afforded to the parties;
(e) Liberty reserved to the petitioners to approach the appropriate forum/Court, should the need so arise subsequently on the same and subsequent cause of action;
(f) We have not expressed any opinion on merits.
All issues are left open;
(g) The proceedings shall be conducted through digital mode, unless the parties otherwise mutually agree to meet in person i.e. physical mode.
Patna High Court CWJC No.16588 of 2022(2) dt.02-12-2022 7/7 The petition stands disposed of in the aforesaid terms.
Interlocutory Application(s), if any, stands disposed of.
(Sanjay Karol, CJ) ( Partha Sarthy, J) Ashwini/K.C.Jha U