Karnataka High Court
Sri N Nanjappa vs The State Of Karnataka on 17 January, 2011
Equivalent citations: 2011 (4) AIR KAR R 466
Author: D.V.Shylendra Kumar
Bench: D.V.Shylendra Kumar
2
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itiated 19%';-28 1%»
6. it is 3130 submitted tlgai
ceased ':9 hava jurisdictian Vaff:e::'V-theA.V &§;7Q i.r3?V Vifi:fiifr"ri;iG:1i%i's'»
periad from the date " Iifi"3s'up};é:0ri of his
gubmissian, Eearned t};¢ V:';?:§{§:§9ner has placgd
reiiance an f;;h{;_§*ie<:isie;rj1:s~'of. i'i1i?s,..V_¢_§§urt in the case af
Rvnaasfimy nglmrr COMDHSSIOKER HLR 1994
KAR 2958; DOLLAIAH vs IJEPUTY
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remedy c::a.nr1ot Agjcsxne ;:p é:titi_:)r1e;' seeking
zreiief 'before §;.h€3I"f;' is an £}I'd€F
wit,h<:mt: . V' V
9. To' make' "s._ubmissi<:>n, Sn'. Krishnakumaxp
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to ,?\§'«:;1§::é;:;:_'€~«}.A'p«z:.rpar£.<3d €10 be 21 {tapy ef the appiiczition
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6
Notification No RI) 7 LGP 95. dated 7-6-1999, published
in the Kamataka gazette dated 8~6~1_999,_.ti-ssiLi_ed
guidelines for simplifying and for maintaining .
in granting permission to eom~'ersiQ1i to .u'o'n'~'-2iig.riVCi.11t.i11rai
purpose with the stipulatiori t:hat:lthe"aiithioritie's
scrrupulously adhere to the goiicix'-:1inesA,' v.readir1g
1. The process of__ V._G'ranting';' R_ejeVC5t1'I1g
conversion shall be co-n;1ple'ted within 45
days of the r*eeieipt'.oj'{.tf;e'appi'ic.ation. If the
concerned sanctioning: a-Lithoji_'it_ies do not
adhere to :h.e"'i:m'¢ SCh€fdLit€;,_ they will be
iiabie ir;9.i,r.ciIL*3eipI.inc1"i*y 'ar;iic5n.......§
2. The .;ap,piieationfjVaee--k.inggconuersion of land
_ ____ ._s_hal_l" __r'e_c'eiDea~...iri_Fdupiieate by the
V Tahsildafs Qffiee in iheforrn prescribed at
_ A'rine;x'iir'e-i._ to-._th--e' circular. The Tahsildar
shall "forLo'c1r»5i~..'a"('opp of the application to
me" ,<;anctio.n"in§i' authority iinmediately. A
weelclir statement of number of
appiiéatiofis, received. by the Tahsiidar
I shaii be sent to the sanctioning authority.
additional information is required
A A theeappliccini shall be intimated within one
'week of receipt of the application.
" A i 4. "The sanctioning authorities shall maintain
a single register for all applications of
Conversion of land as prescribed in
Arinexure--2.
ti;
7
It is clarified that the reven.ue authorities
are only dealing with j"
agricultural land for nori-agricul_tu.r"al.
purpose. But mere conversion do_e.S_Vnot
entitle th.e occupant to utilise the__--li1ndl'fijfr
the non~agricu.lturalg'"purpose lot)-iT,h()lLi«l:
obtaining V l
concerned Competent Authority l'il:e'*urba.-ii
development authority, local bodie3.t_V_like
(CMC, TMC. Grant,'Par'1chayat;._and; also
Pollution Control Board. These' hodiesiwill,
subsequent" to thellconversion orld'er;" give
necessary 'sanctions' cg'"ter A figllotving due
process of Laiv _.u§itl:.t~. necessary
safe_quards,l Tr'ieifefore'=obtaini'ng clearances
prior"tofsan=ction«of"co'n--vers_i.or1 order is not
' l '
Dep'uty;,__Cotni'niss'io.ners§ and the Assistant
Coin_missioner.s should only look into the
2 pi'ovi's'ions.ioji'--tli'e Karnatalca Land Revenue
Act 'andfjoth~er"<rillied laws like the Land
Refornis Ac't.w_lf'ICL Act, Land Grant Rules.
I,a11d.';'--lcqult1sitior1 Act. etc.
As soon as the application is received by
Tahsildar, the same shall be verified
f'..._bgj.i'-.tthe T ahsildar. He shall verify the
' --fol.lo wing:
Only the occupant of the land has
filed. the application.
[ii] The conversion will not defeat any of
the following laws, in particular:
<23 /
'Y
conversion Jof
sanctiori/Apern1i'zs}sio9n' from .l
..r'''
2 Depitty' " _ '*Co-:nrnisisioner/
8
(cu Sections 48vA. 77 and 77~A
Kamataka Land Reforms
1951; '
(b) Rule9ofLanciGrantRules--: '<
(c) Section 4(1) and
prohibition ofPi"C.LAc:'t;
(a) Rule 10243 of)' _;nd_ *Rei;en.;i¢"
Rules relatingto €}_r'eer1 Bett--.. _
(iii) The land "not ldeen'
acquisition under Sections_ fiandi 6 of
Land A.cxquis.iltion Ac _ _ ' ~ '
The burden lojf"verifMatio'nf'_' regarding the
above. vlaws~"*lie.sj solely on"t.h*e Tahsildar
and"t_h_e- applicant '«shajll_not be asked to
tprovduée.sraIlI:J'downs r1:ts'fofihe same.
_ The" :",:.;::Tai'is'iId'.jr. A' forward the
appl_ication_"along _it:ith his report to the
p _ Assistant
'Corr'Lrni::si'oner"«within 15 days of the
v"*.receipt_o]'.the¢ t}.ppliCClfiOI1. The report should
contain' a. revenue sketch of the area to be
VCOi'1l'}'t'3'!.'fQ'(i'.'.
Deputy Co rnmissi.oner / Assistant
h'Corn'rnLssioner shall inspect the land to
V A 'hgsaitisfy themselves that the diversion is not
' .-likely to cause public nuisance and does
not violate the existing provisions of law
administered by this department. In areas
where the C.D.P./O.D.P. has been
published under the K.T.C.P. Act the
Deputy Commissioner shall. not refuse
permission of conversion of such land if it
is or the same purpose as specified in the
C.D.P. /O.D.P.
3.3. ,2;/'
J
11.
12.
If conversion is to be granted then
applicant has to be issued a notice ~ V
the conversion fine within 15 dags'-of the'
notice as per the proforma at Ai1r1e,7at--te%3_}'
The applicant has tofl:
as _.;::>,a{.-.--_ the";
amount either through'. the
and give an un'clertaking"*
proforma at Anne,vcur_e'~4. '
After paynient the.Deputy'-»_ComIni'ssioner/
Assistant Co_r'rn'1issioner~--._shall issue the
Conversion order per. proforma
enclosed at A:-'urie;<urie;5i. ' " V *
Note: ".co.ndiiji,ons' VV'e"n°un1erated in
Anrie;va"i*e's 4"a'nd"-5_ "are-nzot exhaustive and
the '*saneti;')_r'ii.r1g. «authorities may impose
i'ad.d'itiorifal' coriditions"'i'o ensure compliance
._iLll'.th"u!1'.'?,y"1CLli.J,'T€g".1lC1[iOT1 applicable to the
l' -. pOf[lCllE(ll"~ are_a':;._
1.4.
The" rt2liI%eti;9ri"""'order shall be speaking
order, containing speci 1C reasons for
rejeet'ion"""'and. should not have vague
_v V _ reasons like, it will cause public nuisance
or afihese is objection from public etc
'V 11. appli(:at.icJn while is required to be made to the
VTDBVPHEV Commissioner. it can be received at the office of
the tahsildafs office, whereas the present application
appears to be addressed. the tahsildar himself.
.1
10
12. Though normally for the implement~a'tio"i1Vj:'or
effectuation of the statutory provisions and r--ul'es.pr"oV'ided
for prescribing a format and.-""t.i1e pro_ced-aired,-['1ved1*y
surprisingly in the matter of im:ple'1--I1entatiojn'~of
important provision such asv..r.p»t'he provisions "convert."
agricultural land for" use; "the state
government appears to and has
not frained Sri Krishna
Kumar, petitioner, would point out
to the take the position of a
statutory all can 1;;/acildas a guideline
within.,the 4"gO7:~?€rIrn1e'i1t"":for the purpose of guiding the
°Dep'u.t3, :,.,'Coi'nn1issio'n'er, who is the authority to sanction
A tpeii:i1is:si'o.11;' V
13. It also the manner of receiving the application at
._nther_.tah's.ildar's office and with no proper recording
.' nornially available in such offices, and with Sri Krishna
V' "Kumar, learned counsel for the petitioner', submitting that
11
1'10 ffie is 1'<';"iqLIiI't'3Ci to be paid at i:,1'1t3 {timer <31" fiiixlg; the
appi.i<:%ai:io';3. zmd with ;:13_I--pr21<:ti::es being; mnzpeirzfiin this
fi€,1(L E.h€',I'€?- is :10 pf{)pfiI" :*e€(:~'r"e:1iz"1g.-_§ vzyf £1 rr:c:5€i'pi: ":}f .21.r:
2 3:2 ,3'; , .1«% r fici )1: is 3.1%: ' 10 T ii V Jvijé
1 it 1f(}I'} '(M p 01 «,1: 1 =5 mt} 13s1rrt(f_ fmjt' {Exit __
Bf I'E"1Ei1~p}{'.':1i:'E.i(f€ aI'1a:i cot°rup¥;.ioI":-
14° More after} t.h21r1 mat the I)é';)ut}{ C0m,:':1Ai's'ssieg:1:2:i'g.M214:2:
by {heir whims and famei€S"'vL«'f%5g'é:her"f,E*12§;1"-§«3 fvflerit';
reievzmt c<>z1sidemt.i:>r1': agzd gvvfillgg. reli£§i.%:i;1% ggL:ide:1in€:s
that ans saw notice é11L':§:1'1'%:_V 21 mandzma an
the Deputy »a.r1 eipplicatiion for
COI3V€fi§§iO§1;if ?i17?£3_ES fauzrui to be in {$16 formai,
with '£,§'1e pI 2:1r2 by the plemning auiherity
mi' $15321.
.B§§:}{h2iiL__E18 it 3121;', in 3. m:~.1ft,er cf ihia n21t,13.re., E 331': Qf
"'ihé'._<:ipii§1.€7:;z1_ iii: isa m{}5a:': ff1é:'i:z:&'i§'{§(§1i5§ f{)§* Ehfii Eéiggh Ceurt. :19
v<~::§"%;;=:,:r§%.. i:<:~» 'kixamizas 211.'; 2::pp%i{:21ii{}:r1 Whi~::1'1 £55 ass$::3:ri',e3€i ta;
.,§::-'~3;i:z_;::*: béfiifii magiaea §3é3§'€:r€: iéxe iéihifiiéiéif and is ggmizt. rfiiiétf 21$
12
a) Declare that Land bearing Sy.No. 155-/2
measuring 4 Acres 14 Guntas situateo'.._Cit_V
Kuduuathi Village. Nandi Hob"t_'i,_ ..
Chtkkaballapur Taluk belonging;""'tO~§_'ft1€'
Petitioner is deemed to have been - ''
Converted jor nonogriculturat 'pt-;»3o:o,ses.tby
virtue of Section 95{5}'"'cy'"« the I§Ic1fri:1trikci«'
Land RevenueAct. V ? .
b) Quash the imp'ug_ned WEndorsenien.t_rzt
Annexure K bearing""No. ALNvE3R"_=36'6/O9--
10 dated 194-2010 ._i;ssLie.:i_ bgi: the
Respondent'..No.2<"ijy >.:'i.;?S»'LVitE._' of a"Writ: of
Certiorari or._ciin,y'.otl::ter ucipjpropriate Writ or Direction as the Ccise"ma:5:_ the}, C} Direct 'jtheI_ Re.s.pon.den't..__i\io.2 to issue C_o7nue;_si.on. 'Certificate . in respect of Land t9€CL'.:i'f1QV.'SH-N5}*155/V2 "measuring 4 Acres 1 '"Gti:n_tas tiia tr3£i__ CII5 Kud uvathi Village, i'1'\fattdi f:;toi3ii, ' 'Chikkabtltlaptir Tal uk:
d} it vi..Ci}i*tint"';shiiCh rel.ief's that this Honbte Court. _].de'e_n7;s' fit to grant in the c:ircim_1stc1nces of the case.
counsel for the petitioner has the Deputy Commissioner is denude of his .'..'."j'11fiSC1iCUfif'J after the expiry of four months, it is not to go into this questiori, primarily. I am of opinion that this is not E1 fit case for exercising the A " «. «discretionary jurisdiction in favour of a person Iike the 13 'é;h<: apinican that E:1*1i-5 is; not :51 fit: (3218:? R32" f;'.X€3I'CiSi¥1§{ the disscrrfitziorzary juri:~sdi::i.i(>':'z in favzmr of 3 ;3<3r:»3()u ilhfi pc::E,i.t'.i<3:1.€r, \?'JI'1;CJt'§f3 a1ppIicati.0'r1g in thts: 'fir$i, :T{1_ C)ff:S not appear 13:9 be 1:: {)I."d€I"_. as {Em 2z}:»p1i.::g};.*:.'.ivcr2.::'itself" ii; a€:::ires::~;t::<:i to '£.21}1s:.i1dar, who V. permission for C011Ve:rs1'or1. - . . V I7. "i'hough Sri Omkumar. 1 abserlce of any statement. .f1'£Ve:_~nd on behaif of ;'e&3§30n,dent.s, Seffkfi the r'eC<3rdS n1ainta1i:1é:<:i:4_Ii$;'4 Commissioner, to point '~:f;u'i;_ fp';i;;'3t-.§L.a:_t;--i2a§1* 21ppi.icai.§_c:n <~2€:c., with the zsepori; Crf_thM§3 I"€C€iV€d on iZ6#9#2G09 and furth_§3r vvifiz '€,h;<j: Commissgioner has passes: an <}rc§;::;_§f an 27¥i_V.E.7200§3, ta wh_i{":_h.§ Szxii Krishna Kama}; ' "§.€§'Elf'3Z7%€E€§'--!'{T€)'{V2Efifiéffi §'{>f7§:h€:? @e':'.§'z.is'2n:é:: g<}:r:s 188118 and submits; '_E'jE"};.'r'z:'{Z"' f:é':.{}%;.s§§E';.T_V "éhe: :"e<:{>3fs§ 213:-:.<> {meg 3191:: §z1§.;pire 'ihéi £f€3.:1§7§C§€%§1tf=€;§}---- She': :11.21ti:¢:r has; :20? ggamt abmzt. in any p:"{§_;is>:>.r "§:}a:'§§::;é2": E" am :'s"§E};_E Emit s%sa*:."%t..£$§'"i<-XE Em" 2'-:*,>;s-,=.:*'{:§,;*~*.§i.§;g_§ ELEM:
V"'{§]§§:7:*§5E.§€;§éazry }%;:r1i:;=:§:s:?i.£<}:: ii': §'2z2r<:;:zr {éf :52 _;::<%{:§{:»:3 _§'§_§é,:aE:= ti?':§3e'3r 14 pr;%ti*£;i:>1"1e.r to enE.e:'i:aii'1 t.h"1s:+ p€3tit:i<>;1 fer' i.hf-3 simple reas5m1 tlfxai: €116 app1i<::21t.i<}::1 ii'[email protected]"e1ppe:ars to be not: in _ v::»1f::1t::"-..z1.z1d {E16 p::ttii'io1:1er h{)W€"~.«'€i" rm,:<::i'1 firsriiified __=with':[fa:é1fE«iTér. judgmf3.:11:s of this couyig h21vi11g_:::h.QS@n_7ii'{§'{j--.fi§:+ " the ap'p<5~1E:ai;€ aLa*i:hr3ri'i:y._ I dc: I"1()f fif§ §f"$1.11?~jiiSf,ifi{T25['£.'§{)Vfi.iii} 1r1t<%rfe':'e wiiih the erciéii_ ""~.passé=adV B€§)1}.1:';" §1&.'uS ?L-"z €'€)Ii 1:}zx2:-.:?=1e§i'iu Ez1(:011i<:
Comnaissicmesr, whic;:}1,__ th0ugh.
JEIIEIIEIIEEI', {:0 iI1C1.i.(':a€,e is Eikely to affecttt: 3 relevant €OflSiC1€T21'{.§_'z5V}T¥. la " ' 511. .. I E8. Grdcrsf(é:;d§>i'se1n_é11is0}" this :1a.t:L11'e: do 1101:: am(>u:m;. fat} a g':3d1':?§ia,1A pfani}£:n<i£5m'énts and as ii. is open {:0 the petiEi<':i'1et" €10 {:"'u.rr_;é.V wit}: a pmpez' a§pi1Cat1"s:)n in a<:::<};rdance with 139%: :10: find any neéd is ini.e3rf<f:1"e::, 195;' ._VV«Efi;*<5=V%:v..§:1~;$£:{> far as. like argzzmem', 2*<;':Eai'.§::g§ £0 a. siéemed pa<_>;:':i'1i$§5-§;<}:?';iss €1§€3IEC€':III'I1€;';d§. 21 zizienliéci §}€§'H1§:§S§{}§'.L if at afi = {?"a:;;':£..4§}§.}é%§"'8f{,€3: azxiy S0 3913;; 21% gm {)E'"€i§%E" E53 Rafi; §}::§S.§€:{§ amii '£12 1?;-§3§{§;'A::E3.:i:E, §'.hs~;% E}a':§3:;,:'%['y' £i€}.r::§§1.i35;§<};'2€;" §{};'§'~3€'3S_E1:,E.E'iS{ii{Z§'.§.{}§"3 zifisér 1.5 the p€r1'i_m:i of four r110:1i.i'1s.§, is :'1t>t' only C:g::_1se;ing; V'ic>ie'11c:e to the Eéfléifliltflfjg' pr::3vi:~3io1'a, as ii: is only the f E}ep1:ty C<:smmisssi<}r1er \¥E"i{} is-9 F6'. 1,Ei}"€;'fd 1:0 }3.SS an (;r€}€--1?,'Vr)i*1€& ,<é;»z»1v or the other, but :5-11553 that the dfiffiiflfifi gacérrzii-§§'s:aa§V:§:a.:; if 2;}: '£333 (ran 0_pé:;:';«;1£;e sand 'OE €;".I1f{}.I"{3€.;"td i:iii=_1';,h§%r; 3:56; %5;hen'V.i3z;(:é:i.{he ' D€pui1}? C0mmissi_cm€r, aftrsi -1_Q<>ki:3:g ir1t0 ::i'IeV r1fgat.te_§:r, i*:a,.'s;
passed an order, even §;a1.z1;1()t C")p€'1"€i.€1€ any fL1I'tihe1*. A A
20. in an i_4r:i:pv§1rta;:i""gifgfi' 1_'fi",€.£,:ur€9 involving deemed ncJn»agricu1ture1i purpd::§€ss,_ that, the staif: govczrnmem frames um:c:1'ta.i;nty and azmbignziiy azlgifggé 1:.s311e:~:°'i;<2.__a;;'1 €;3I°E1 of arder Qf unifgrmity, .21., 5% V§£.§1'£i:-2i:0r§? cieemetd permisgiaim. is} net 3 {i€SEi'8.bIfi' 'p:r€;vi'ssi:§:';?,"_~.__ve;E:i§:h m{>re {}fi.€:"2 iihari "mat; mi§.~:u$e:<£ or ab:£'éseci--Azxi":§ xvhai. with Eet,E1a.rgiz.'1e:3:s, bésing Ii;*B§,7;€if§d€iI"j,?' an " *:iE1*e::-.4_.§3a§"§'. 5:2? mve§::3€ affiazfiais {?{}{i§3§e'3€§. wiith iZ}€'3E'€EiE§§§1§§ :;:g2§'f::;}E:. :,-':§€é2*;"2<-"::3i',s_; :32': ijim: revéégzue d<::p21zf'£.::1@:3;i:, *%ss'h:> can in 2:
giverz casex-:: fi?VE?E"i wi"::':'r*€ the a.ppiic21i.3Z<>3'1 ioiaiiy 'L1r1d@se:*v§1'1g»__§ or 2:13. a,'ppEi::2ati<m is in I'€TSp€.{'.'i'. 0f s{>:3i"{3 32111:} b€i0r1g;fi:1g ti) ssome (}i'.h€I' persmz or &':Vt"3I"1 g<Jv«a1~'*~i<;I:{1:é;f1"é,'.j'3,:;iI;<1d (32131 dci%1ibc2:'at,e£y be kept: pemiing for fmzr §e:2a1:;3_e§ {E18 $iI'?1i1I'{'.(}1":\,f proxris-gioia {.0 3;>33<;=.':f21f£i<:;. "._f<)":"i permission. is r10"{:hiI1g sh0r*:<__(>f 231:} '€}bI}(}'§{i{ }1x,1S__]3I'{i§ViSi{)f§; and to the det.rime'nt of the
22. It is high time its a'[,t.€1"1ti0I1 to suii;a'b1_§; rs:»i€gi$1.a§:-3 that it is net retained VVi{§'VVVS11itab1y amend the Eaw, sasif T.1'E__Efi1 a p1""€}ViSiOH. is €m.iy £1) ingiifi .21 556336 fgf i'.h~:': part cf revenue auiiharities, which c2m "i3t5 '21<thvieém--§dV'€ver: by other érompeiiing methods 01: i'{3V?€11E1€i"..{}fi"iCiiiiS, but: Hat by pr<>Vidi:3.g 21 daemed ;;a:%3f§:;.§s~3ésEAQ::_ 2:7; fzzvazzr af £i@§1i{f&13'1Y,E%, mare: 5.30 in {.319 present A"~-E§{:€?'I1€{;£"§;{§"'w7§3§f§'}€j%Zi'3VK2113': §1E,1}{}T1bi:3§" cf §:>az':aj'ide ;1ppii<7ani:5~s art: an f:§";+~: d<3~CEi:§éi__:5:h£i 211} s<3:'t.s=; af per$01'2:5s r:2:{iI3 €t€3m<: up wfih j 2:pp{::;;:1E.§'§2:§;r-.3 {£2.16 <:%<2§1*¢<;%rs;i{3:2 3.f'i.{-3;:" §3:,.::"::Z?.13.${-:2 <2? §,a:1d » 's£?§YT:'¥3?E'§&?ifli?E" §.§":{%}=* §'E€i¥.--="€' ;«1§C§"g{.tiE"€{§ g{}<>::§ §§i'.E€ £3? :?aa>'%;.g :1}? }'}é3§"§€:1{)E"iS 17 who coulci Imt. have a(%q1,2i:"ec;i Earid at 211}, as z1g.ri<:La£i:1.:r21I ielmi <;:am:1c:::i: be soici in favimr sf :'1c)1":w21g{_;;3ri<:uI'£;m'i:~3ts and £01' purpéme c>t.1'1<;?:* their} aggricuiiure, and wilen §E':LiCZ;*{'1"".5,S {ha si:a'a'.ut.0ry embargo uncier the Karr1a.t:a1«:a L22;:1ci'ErZf;_-:L'f:§}f_ri1s.
1983 $21.16 {if ag3'i<::u1tur'a1 ialzd being {.h<:': :;ff:"ihc d::;};, the s:>~caII<:d permission of I}epg.:t;§ij. C<3£nr;1iS;::iQ1:ié3:_'is' 2:;:10t.he:r ferizfle fieid for {::3rI'L:-pt pré:~n{;i;'1';ée. 'if, .'tji:1j.E;, the government and the Sfa{ €5'«_1€§"iS1&1,t1;'i'T§'%Kfiéliffij 31 Second leak at this provision 'ixrE1i<r.}i" ~1f1aS"re$L11ted in only {ha revfz-nus Qfficiaistcs :I:;;2}--:;:3. .I:I'1@:*ryu.gzI':€iIvt.€§'* §_1":'é:.11g_2;c':=. in -.211} sorts sf ma1.;pf2z~::t§ij.;es"*':3; =
23. Subjectt. {TQ 't;fr';_1'c?i_»T:1b§_{fi»%:: ..~ObS("3}'VE1ti{}1'1S, E11113 writ': petition :5; c£is;V:a<1i$s e:"iV_V' wif'-_h<;i:,1i4"""pre}1.'1dice E0 the rig;;ht.s 017 the "'v..p€i;i.tfi<}::;'s:%r ":':;:s n1a1ké:*"'é1' {High a1;)p1i{:a€:ic3n E23. 21a:{:{>r€i.2m<ée wiih
-__ Evétfgfv. V * V 2«éiii~»._ R{3§§?if§_f{§.°;i'F Ge:1eraE <:1f€,his mmri, is ciirecteé ix} f{}I"iF€f:1§'C§ 2%. {f{§_§?;}*',V__€:§f éhise; <;z'°::i€:f $153 i:he Chief S:3cr'c=:€.2:.ry Eifid Re:e':3m:€ 1.8 S€crr3mr"y, £}<3v€r:1::1e.11i: <3fK21rnat21k:1 and to the Stzxtcs Law C€)II1i'I":iS-Sifjri, J _V V 35 §§$$§f%{