Supreme Court of India
Anwar vs Ist Additional District ... on 11 August, 1986
Equivalent citations: 1986 AIR 1785, 1986 SCR (3) 540, AIR 1986 SUPREME COURT 1785, 1986 BBCJ 125, (1986) 99 MAD LW 87, (1986) JT 111 (SC), 1986 (4) SCC 21, (1986) ALL WC 1021, (1986) 2 CURCC 730, (1986) 3 SUPREME 314
Author: E.S. Venkataramiah
Bench: E.S. Venkataramiah, Misra Rangnath
PETITIONER:
ANWAR
Vs.
RESPONDENT:
IST ADDITIONAL DISTRICT JUDGE,BBULANDSHAHR & ORS.
DATE OF JUDGMENT11/08/1986
BENCH:
VENKATARAMIAH, E.S. (J)
BENCH:
VENKATARAMIAH, E.S. (J)
MISRA RANGNATH
CITATION:
1986 AIR 1785 1986 SCR (3) 540
1986 SCC (4) 21 JT 1986 111
1986 SCALE (2)249
ACT:
Motor Vehicles Act, 1939:S.68-D(-)Civil suit for
injunction restraining proceedings before Hearing Authority-
Whether maintainable.
HEADNOTE:
Section 68-C, occurring in Chapter IVA of the Motor
Vehicles Act, 1939 provides for publication of the scheme
where any State Transport Undertaking is of opinion that it
is necessary in the public interest that road transport
services in relation to any area or route be run and
operated by such undertaking. Section 68-D(l) provides for
filing of objections to the scheme before the State
Government, s. 68-D(2) for approval or modification of the
scheme by the State Government after giving a hearing to
objectors, while s.68-D(3) states that the approved or
modified scheme when published shall become final.
Before the Hearing Authority could give its approval,
the petitioner in the Special Leave Petition, a stage
carriage permit holder, who had earlier filed objections to
the scheme published under s. 68-C, filed a civil suit for
declaration that the said scheme was illegal, void and ultra
vires and for an injunction. It was contended by the
defendants-respondents that the suit was not maintainable
since the jurisdiction of the Civil Courts in such matters
was impliedly barred. During the pendency of that suit the
petitioner filed an application before the Civil Court for
staying the hearing of the suit till the disposal of a
special leave petition before the Supreme Court in which
question relating to the maintainability of suits of similar
nature was involved. The Court declined to grant the request
and fixed the suit for arguments. The revision to the
District Judge and the writ petition to the High Court
preferred by the petitioner were dismissed.
In the special leave petition to the Court on the
question: Whether a suit is maintainable in a Civil Court
for an injunction restraining the Hearing Authority under s.
68-D of the Motor Vehicles Act from pro-
541
ceeding with the hearing and approving the scheme.
Dismissing the special leave petition,
^
HELD: The Civil Judge was right in declining to stay
further proceedings in the suit. This is a suit which should
have been rejected at the threshold under order 7 rule 11 of
the Code of Civil Procedure on the ground that it did not
disclose a cause of action. [546F-G]
The Jurisdiction conferred on the hearing authority
under s.68D of the Motor Vehicles Act is exclusive in
character and it is not open to a civil court to issue an
order of injunction restraining the said authority from
proceeding with the hearing of the case and exercising its
statutory functions. [545H; 546A]
Whenever a statute uses the expression that a decision
of an authority shall be final, the jurisdiction of a civil
court to go into the correctness or otherwise of the
decision is taken away. The civil courts then have
jurisdiction only to examine whether the provisions of the
statute have not been complied with or the tribunal had or
had not acted in conformity with the fundamental principles
of judicial procedure. Their jurisdiction is barred insofar
as merits of the case is concerned. [546B;D-E]
In the instant case the scheme had been duly published
under s 68-C by an authority which had the power to publish
it and the authority which was hearing the case under s.68-D
had the power to do so. All the contentions urged in the
plaint related to the merits of the scheme and the
desirability of bringing the scheme into force and these can
be raised by an aggrieved person before the Hearing
Authority under s. 68-D of the Act. It is for the Hearing
Authority to consider the objections and to pass appropriate
orders thereon. [546B-D]
Parliament has created a special machinery by the
provisions contained in Chapter IVA of the Act for bringing
into force an approved or modified scheme which would have
the effect of excluding completely or partially other
persons from operating motor service vehicles on any route
or in any area. The very object of enacting that Chapter can
be frustrated by interested parties by resorting to a civil
court with the sole purpose of delaying the implementation
of a scheme if suits as in the instant case are allowed to
be entertained. [545C-D: 546E-F]
H.C. Narayanappa and Ors. v. The State of Mysore &
Ors., [19601 3 S.C.R. 742 referred to.
542
JUDGMENT:
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Special Leave Petition (Civil) No. 8001 of 1986 From the Judgment and order dated 8.7.1986 of the Allahabad High Court in W.P. No. 9664 of 1986.
U.R. Lalit and T. Sridharan for the Petitioner. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by MISRA, J. The short question which arises for consideration in this case is whether a suit is maintainable in a civil court for an injunction restraining the Hearing Authority appointed under section 68-D of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1939 (hereinafter referred to as 'the Act') from proceedings with the hearing of matters under that provision and from approving a scheme published under section 68-C of the Act either with or without any modification.
The petitioner is the holder of a permit issued under Chapter IV of the Act to ply a stage carriage on Bulandshahr-Siana-Garh-Bugrasi-Brijghat-Bhasians-Shambhaoli- Babugarh-Jadol-Jahangirabad route in the State of Uttar Pradesh. The State Transport Undertaking of the State of Uttar Pradesh published a scheme dated March 7, 1975 in the U.P. Gazette dated April 5, 1975 under section 68-C of the Act pro posing to operate its stage carriages to the exclusion of all private operators on the route referred to above. The petitioner filed his objections to the said scheme along with several others. After a number of adjournments the Hearing Authority empowered under section 68 of the Act was able to conclude the proceedings by April 26, 1979 and it is alleged that the Authority in the course of the hearing ob served that it would finalise and approve the scheme by 21.5.1979. Before the Hearing Authority could give its approval to the scheme under section 68-D of Act, the petitioner filed original Suit No. 145 of 1979 on the file of the Civil Judge, Bulandshahr for a declaration that the above scheme published under section 68-C of the Act was illegal, void and ultra vires and for an injunction restraining the defendants in the suit from finalising and approving the scheme and acting upon it after it was published. The State Transport Undertaking, i.e., the Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation, the State of Uttar Pradesh and the Regional Transport Authority, Meerut were impleaded as the defendents in the suit. The defendants contested the suit. L one of the pleas raised in their written statement was that the suit was 543 not maintainable in a civil court for the reliefs prayed for by the petitioner. During the pendency of the suit the petitioner filed an application before the Civil Court for staying the hearing of the suit till the disposal of a special leave petition before this Court since the question relating to the maintainability of suits of similar nature was involved in the said special leave petition. The learned Civil Judge declined to grant the request of the petitioner and fixed the suit for arguments on November 8, 1985. Aggrieved by the order of the Civil Judge, the petitioner filed a revision petition before the Additional District Judge, Bulandshahr. That revision petition was dismissed. Against the order of Additional District Judge, the petitioner filed a writ petition. On the file of the High Court of Allahabad. That petition was also dismissed. This special leave petition is filed against the order of the High Court of Allahabad.
We have heard the learned counsel for the petitioner in this case on the question of maintainability of the suit out of which this petition arises.
The question for consideration in this case is, as mentioned above, whether a suit is maintainable in a civil court for an injunction restraining the Hearing Authority under section 68-L) of the Act from proceeding with the hearing and approving the scheme either with or without modification. The contention of the respondents before the trial court was that the suit was not maintainable for the reliefs prayed for by the petitioner since the jurisdiction of the civil courts in such matters was impliedly barred.
Chapter IVA of the Act was introduced into the Act by Act 100 of 1956. Section 68-D of the Act provides that the provisions of the Chapter IVA and the rules and orders made thereunder shall have effect notwithstanding anything inconsistent therewith contained in Chapter IV of the Act or any other law for the time being in force or in any instrument having effect by virtue of any such law. Chapter IVA contains certain special provisions relating to the State Transport Undertakings. A 'State Transport Undertaking' is defined by section 68-A(b) of the Act as any Undertaking providing road transport J service where such undertaking is carried on by (i) the Central Government or a State Government; (ii) any Road Transport Corporation, established under section 3 of the Road Transport Corporations Act, 1950; and (iii) any municipality or any corporation or company owned or controlled by the Central Government or one or more State 544 Governments, or by the Central Government and one or more State Governments. Chapter IVA of the Act provides for the preparation and approval of a scheme enabling the State Transport Undertaking to operate road transport services to the exclusion complete or partial of other persons. The procedure laid down for the preparation of the scheme is contained in sections 68-C and 68-D of the Act. Section 68-C of the Act provides that where any State Transport Undertaking is of opinion that for the purpose of providing an efficient, adequate, economical and properly co-ordinated road transport service, it is necessary in the public interest that road transport services in general or any particular class of such service in relation to any area or route or portion thereof should be run and operated by the State Transport Undertaking, whether to the exclusion, complete or partial, of other persons or other vise, the State Transport Undertaking may prepare a scheme giving particulars of the nature of the service proposed to be rendered, the area or route proposed to be covered and such other particulars respecting thereto as may be prescribed, and shall cause every such scheme to be published in the official Gazettee and also in such manner as the State Government may direct. Section 68-D of the Act provides that on the publication of any scheme in the official Gazette any person already providing transport facilities by any means along or near the area or route proposed to be covered by the scheme, any association representing persons interested in the provision of road transport facilities recognised in this behalf by the State Government and any local authority or police authority within whose jurisdiction any part of the area or route proposed to be covered by the scheme lies, may within thirty days from the date of its publication in the official Gazette file objections to it before the State Government. The State Government may, after considering the objections and after giving an opportunity to the objector or his representatives and the representatives of the State Transport Undertaking to be heard in the matter if they so desire, approve or modify the scheme. The scheme as approved or modified as stated above shall then be published in the official Gazette by the State Government and the same shall thereupon become final and shall be called the approved scheme and the area or route to which it relates shall be called the notified area or notified route. Under section 68-I of the Act the State Government is authorised to make rules for the purpose of carrying into effect the provisions of this Chapter. The rules which are promulgated provide for the details relating to the manner in which objections or representations can be filed under section 68-D(i) and the procedure to be followed at the hearing of persons who have filed such objections 545 and/or representations and the representatives of the State Transport Undertaking. The rules also provide for the particulars to be incorporated in the scheme published under section 68-C of the Act. From the above provisions it is clear that on the publication of the scheme under section 68-C of the Act any person who is aggrieved by the proposed introduction of the scheme is entitled to file his representations and objections and to appear before the Hearing Authority under section 68-D of the Act and make his submissions in support of his objections or representations. Sub-section (ii) of section 68-D of the Act authorises the Hearing Authority to approve the scheme either with or without modification. By necessary implication it can also reject a scheme if it feels that it is not necessary to introduce the scheme. When the scheme is approved or modified under section 68-D of the Act, such approved or modified scheme is required to be published in the official Gazette and on such publication it becomes final. It is thus seen that Parliament has created a special machinery by the provisions contained in Chapter IVA of the Act for bringing jnto force an approved or modified scheme which would have the effect of excluding completely or partially other persons from operating motor service vehicles on any route or in any area. After the scheme become final, as provided in sub-section (iii) of section 68-D of Act, the transport authorities concerned can issue permits only in accordance with the scheme and the other provisions contained in Chapter IVA of the Act . This Court in H. C. Narayanappa and Ors. v. The State of Mysore and Ors., [1960] 3 S.C.R. 742 at page 753 has observed that the scheme approved or modified and published under section 68-D of the Act may properly be regarded as 'law', within the meaning of Article 19(6) of the Constitution, made by the State excluding private operators from notified routes or notified areas, and immune from the attack that it infringes the fundamental right guaranteed by Article 19(1)(g) of the Constitution.
Section 9 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 provides that the courts (subject to the provisions contained therein) have jurisdiction to try all suits of civil nature excepting suits of which their cognizance is either expressly or impliedly barred. It is no doubt true that there is no express provision in the Act taking away the jurisdiction of the civil courts to try a suit in which the validity of the proceedings under Chapter IVA of the Act is called in question. But we are of opinion that the jurisdiction of the civil courts is impliedly barred from entertaining suits of the present nature. The jurisdiction of the State Government (the Hearing Authority under section 68-D of the Act) is exclusive in character and it is not open to a civil court to issue an order of injunction restraining the Hearing Authority from proceeding 546 with the hearing of the case and exercising its statutory functions. Whenever statute uses the expression that a decision of an authority shall be final, the jurisdiction of a civil court to go into the correctness or otherwise of the decision is taken away. We have gone through the plaint presented in this case. It is not disputed that the scheme had been duly published under section 68-C of the Act by an authority which had the power to publish it and that the authority which was hearing the case under section 68-D of the Act had the power to do so. All the contentions urged in the plaint relate to the merits of the scheme and the desirability of bringing the scheme into force. All such objections relating to the merits of a scheme or the desirability of bringing such scheme can be raised by an aggrieved person before the Hearing Authority under section 68-D of the Act and it is for the Hearing Authority to consider such objections and representations and to pass appropriate orders thereon. Where the Statute gives finality to the orders of a special tribunal the civil courts jurisdiction must be held to be excluded insofar as the merits to the case is concerned. If jurisdiction is so excluded, the civil courts have jurisdiction only to examine whether the provisions of the Statute have not been complied with or the tribunal had or had not acted in conformity with the fundamental principles of judicial procedure. In cases of the present nature where invariably reliance is placed by the private operators on Article 19(1)(g) of the Constitution, a writ petition lies before the High Court. In such cases a suit is hardly the remedy which can be availed by them. If suits of this nature are allowed to be entertained, the very object of the several provisions of Chapter IVA of the Act can be frustrated by interested parties by resorting to a civil court with the sole object of delaying the implementation of a scheme. Such attempts should be curbed at the earliest opportunity. The learned Civil Judge was right in declining to stay the further proceedings in the suit. This is a suit which should have been rejected at the threshold under order 7 rule 11 of the Code of Civil Procedure on the ground that it did not disclose a cause of action. We, therefore, do not find any ground to interfere with the orders of the High Court, the District Judge and the Civil Judge. The Civil Judge is directed to dispose of the suit in the light of the observa- tions made in this order. The petition fails and is dismissed.
P.S.S Petition dismissed.
547