Gujarat High Court
Mustak Hussain Mehndi Hussain Kadri vs State Of Gujarat & 1....Opponent(S) on 10 August, 2017
Bench: M.R. Shah, B.N. Karia
C/WPPIL/170/2017 ORDER
IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD
WRIT PETITION (PIL) NO. 170 of 2017
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MUSTAK HUSSAIN MEHNDI HUSSAIN KADRI....Applicant(s)
Versus
STATE OF GUJARAT & 1....Opponent(s)
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Appearance:
MR AMIT M PANCHAL, ADVOCATE for the Applicant(s) No. 1
MS MANISHA LAVKUMAR, GP for the Opponent(s) No. 1
MR KAMAL TRIVEDI, ADVOCATE GENERAL with MR SATYAM Y CHHAYA, ADVOCATE for the
Opponent(s) No. 2
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CORAM: HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE M.R. SHAH
and
HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE B.N. KARIA
Date : 10/08/2017
ORAL ORDER
(PER : HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE M.R. SHAH) [1.0] Present petition by way of Public Interest Litigation has been preferred by the petitioner - a resident of the City of Ahmedabad for and on behalf of the citizen of the City of Ahmedabad making a serious grievance with respect to the damaged roads, potholes on the public roads and making a serious grievance with respect to inaction on the part of the concerned respondents - Corporation and its Officers.
[2.0] It is the case on behalf of the petitioner that as such under the provisions of the Gujarat Provincial Municipal Corporation Act, it is the duty cast upon the Municipal Corporation to maintain the public roads. It is the case on behalf of the petitioner that crores of rupee are spent in last 2 years for construction of the road / resurfacing of the public roads and despite the same, because of either poor material used and/or poor resurfacing of the roads by the Contractors who are paid crores of rupees, there are potholes in such a way that it had affected common people. It is the case on behalf of the petitioner that because of such damage to roads / potholes and not maintaining the roads properly, it Page 1 of 16 HC-NIC Page 1 of 16 Created On Mon Aug 21 10:26:41 IST 2017 C/WPPIL/170/2017 ORDER has affected common people and many a times it is dangerous to the human life. It is submitted that due to such damaged roads / potholes, there are all chances of accident and infact some have also lost their lives. It is the case on behalf of the petitioner that when the Municipal Corporation is recovering the tax/taxes, a duty is cast upon the Corporation and its authorities more particularly the Commissioner and also the elected wing to perform their statuory duty under the Act and also to see to it that the public roads are maintained properly. It is the case on behalf of the petitioners that as such Municipal Commissioner and the Officers of the Corporation as well as the elected bodies are the trustees and custodians of the public money and they are required to see that public money is spent and utilized properly. It is the case on behalf of the petitioner that there is element of public accountability more particularly when a statutory duty is cast upon the Corporation and they are recovering the taxes. It is submitted that therefore the citizens of the city have a legitimate expectation that the Municipal Commissioner and its officers perform their duties sincerely and with all seriousness. It is the case on behalf of the petitioner that because of the poor material used and/or for any other reason and it is attributable to the concerned contractors who were entrusted with the work of resurfacing of the roads etc. such a serious situation has arisen. It is the case on behalf of the petitioner that as such it was the duty cast upon the concerned officers at the relevant time to supervise and carry out the inspection whether proper material has been used or not and/or whether the roads are resurfaced in a proper manner or not. It is submitted that as such the concerned officers either have connived with the contractors and/or have failed to perform their duties of inspection, supervision etc. which they were supposed to carry out periodically. It is submitted that therefore all such contractors / officers are required to be held responsible for such a pathetic condition of the roads which has Page 2 of 16 HC-NIC Page 2 of 16 Created On Mon Aug 21 10:26:41 IST 2017 C/WPPIL/170/2017 ORDER ultimately resulted into inconvenience, harassment to the public at large.
[3.0] Shri Panchal, learned Advocate appearing on behalf of the petitioner has submitted that in the case of Sharda Sahkari Gruh Mandali Ltd. and Ors. vs. Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation & Ors. reported in 2006 (2) GLR 1765 the Division Bench of this Court has issued various directions by observing that there is a need for effective coordination and that directions are issued for periodical inspection of roads. It is submitted that in the said decision the Division Bench also issued the directions that concerned authority shall monitor the condition of the roads regularly and if it is found that roads are damaged due to heavy rainfall or by any other reason whatsoever, the authority shall see to it that without any undue delay, the same is repaired or re surfaced. It is submitted that in the said decision the Division Bench has also further observed and directed that so far as question of maintaining roads are concerned, roads are required to be inspected periodically so that if any repairing work or resurfacing work is is required, the same can be accordingly done so that public at large may not face any difficulties. It is further submitted that because of use of poor material and/or because of such poor quality of roads, the roads are damaged in such a condition that even the grits (small grits) and the dust shall affect the health and evne some times it is dangerous to the life and there are all possibilities of even accident. Therefore, it is requested to direct the authorities to ensure that the public roads are maintained properly. It is also requested to issue directions to the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation and to hold the detailed inquiry under its supervision with respect to poor quality of the roads constructed by the concerned contractors and the erring officers who failed to perform their duties of inspection, supervision etc. It is requested that uptil the proper inquiry is conducted against the concerned contractors, officers of the Corporation Page 3 of 16 HC-NIC Page 3 of 16 Created On Mon Aug 21 10:26:41 IST 2017 C/WPPIL/170/2017 ORDER and other agencies, if any, with respect to such poor condition of the road and/or use of poor material and/or construction of poor quality of the roads, the respondent Corporation be restrained from making any payment to such contractors.
[3.1] It is also requested that even while awarding the contract, the Corporation is insisting for only 5% security deposit which initially was 20%. It is submitted that when such a huge amount is spent which shall be in crores of rupees, 5% security deposit during the defect liability period, such contractors will not be bothered even if such 5% amount is forfeited and/or recovered. It is submitted that therefore even a day has come for the Corporation to have strict deterrent conditions in the tender notice / contract.
[3.2] It is further submitted by Shri Panchal, learned Advocate appearing on behalf of the petitioner that even the roads which are required to be repaired / resurfaced must be done at the cost of the concerned contractors and the same shall be and/or must be recovered from the concerned contractors and not from the public money and/or at the cost of public exchequer.
[3.3] It is further submitted by Shri Panchal, learned Advocate appearing on behalf of the petitioner that as such there is no proper complaint redressal mechanism / system so as to enable the concerned citizens to approach the authority making grievance which are required to be solved immediately. It is submitted that therefore, the municipal corporation may be directed to give public advertisement / notice declaring those persons to whom the complaints can bemade and who can be made responsible for any further lapse in their respective zones. [4.0] Shri Kamal Trivedi, learned Advocate General has appeared with Page 4 of 16 HC-NIC Page 4 of 16 Created On Mon Aug 21 10:26:41 IST 2017 C/WPPIL/170/2017 ORDER Shri Satyen Chhaya, learned Advocate appearing on behalf of the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation.
[5.0] Shri Trivedi, learned Advocate General appearing on behalf of the Corporation has submitted that as such the Corporation and the Commissioner has taken the matter very seriously and he is also concerned about the difficulties faced by the public at large. He has submitted that the following steps are being taken and/or proposed to be taken to salvage the situation and the problem and the difficulties faced by the public at large more particularly with respect to the potholes on the road and damaged roads. He has placed on record the brief note on the situation developed due to heavy rain and the actions taken and proposed to be taken by the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation.
(1) Pertinently, out of total rainfall to the tune of 797.68 mm recorded for the month of July of this year, there was unprecedented rainfall of 538.34 mm only during the period from 21.07.2017 to 27.07.2017 including record rain of 230 mm on 27.07.2017, which is far more than what was recorded in last three years.
(2) Due to the heavy rain, there were breakdowns in underground utilities services at 65 locations. All breakdowns were barricated immediately and work is completed at 8 locations. At present, the work at remaining locations is in progress. The Corporation is expected to take care of all the remaining major breakdowns at 68 locations as expeditiously as possible and preferably within a period of two months from today. (3) Due to the heavy rainfall, there were 365 trees fallen in the Ahmedabad City and the same were attended immediately. At Page 5 of 16 HC-NIC Page 5 of 16 Created On Mon Aug 21 10:26:41 IST 2017 C/WPPIL/170/2017 ORDER present, all the fallen trees are removed and roads are opened for traffic movement.
(4) There were 171 dangerous buildings / part of buildings (galleries, compound wall etc.) identified and notices were issued to owners. Immediate actions were taken to remove collapsed parts of buildings as and when complaints were received. (5) There were 1470 people residing in lower area who were shifted at safe locations due to ongoing heavy rain in the city. All basic facilities like safe shelter, drinking water, food packets etc. were provided to the people affected.
(6) On 25.07.2017, approximately 1.0 lakh cusec discharge from upstream side i.e. Dharoi Dam led to flooding of Riverfront. The walkway was flooded by over 5 feet at Subhash Bridge. After massive cleaning of muck, Riverfront could be opened on 05.07.2017.
(7) Road Potholes & Reinstatement of Roads:
a) On the basis of survey made by the Corporation, total 8706 number of potholes were developed due to heavy rain. Initially they were attended with brick bats and building debris / waste to give some ease in traffic movement.
b) After the stoppage of rain, 6574 potholes are upgraded from brick bat to Jet Patcher / cold mix material / hot mix material prepared from road stores of the Corporation and the work is in progress.
c) The specimen photographs showing the repairs were also taken.
d) To expdite the reinstatement of potholes, AMC has deployed 3 teams per ward (144 teams) having labors, JCB, tractors, material etc. Looking to the potholes complaints received in New West Zone and West Zone of the Corporation, Page 6 of 16 HC-NIC Page 6 of 16 Created On Mon Aug 21 10:26:41 IST 2017 C/WPPIL/170/2017 ORDER supporting technical staff is allocated for repair works.
e) For easy movement of traffic, main roads of the city are attended on top most priority. A preventive measure is taken by scarifying and cleaning the main roads by boomer machines and emulsion is sprayed to cover the entire surface to prevent further damage to road in current monsoon season. Total 54000 Square meter area of main road is covered with emulsion painting till date.
f) Ahmedabad city is having 2600 kms of road network out of which approx. 202 kms roads are damaged due to heavy rain out of which 18 kms of roads are under defect liability period, for which the concerned contractors were issued notices to attend the same at the earliest. Total 55 notices were issued between 04.07.2017 to 31.07.2017 to 10 contractors.
g) As per tender terms and conditions with reference to the road resurfacing work, three years' defect liability period is provided, as per which, if any work which has been executed with inferior and imperfect workmanship or with material of inferior quality or if the materials or articles provided by the contractor for the execution of work are of inferior nature or otherwise not in accordance with the contract, it shall be lawful for the Engineer Incharge to intimate this fact in writing to the contractors and the contractors shall be bound to forthwith rectify or remove and reconstruct the work so specified in whole or part, as the case may be.
h) In view of the aforesaid provision, after issuing notices to the contractors, vigilance inquiry has been initiated, during the course whereof, three teams of Vigilance Department Page 7 of 16 HC-NIC Page 7 of 16 Created On Mon Aug 21 10:26:41 IST 2017 C/WPPIL/170/2017 ORDER have checked 183 roads by carrying out site inspection from 31.07.2017 to 04.08.2017. As a result of the said checking, the following facts have been ascertained:
(1) Contractor - Aakash Infra Project Pvt. Ltd. has resurfaced total 35.66 kms of roads in last two years, out of which 11.38 kms roads are damaged;
(2) Contractor - G.P.C. Infra Pvt. Ltd. has resurfaced total 13.989 kms of roads in last two years, out of which 5.155 kms roads are damaged;
(3) Contractor - J.R. Agarwal Infra Pvt. Ltd. more than 3.5 kms roads are damaged.
i) Apropos the vigilance inquiry and report, a proposal for blacklisting the abovenamed three contractors has already been sent to the Standing Committee for approval.
j) To penalize the contractors of road resurfacing works, the payments of road works of more than Rs.16 Cr. (approx.) are stopped from 29.07.2017 and about 101 bills are put on hold. Works related to each bills are in process of scrutiny.
k) After issuing the notices, some contractors have started attending the work by spraying emulsion as preventive measure. Approx. 41650 square meter area is attended till date.
l) The roads which are not falling in defect liability and damaged in rain are to the extent of 184 kms. Depending on traffic density, priority roads have been identified for the purpose of road reinstatement. Road work between Airport Circle to Indira Bridge Circle has been completed. Similarly one way road of riverfront has been completed by Cement Concrete and work on the other side of road with cement concrete is under progress.
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HC-NIC Page 8 of 16 Created On Mon Aug 21 10:26:41 IST 2017
C/WPPIL/170/2017 ORDER
m) At present, METRO Rail work is in progress and as it is in the center of the main road, main carriage way is occupied for construction of METRO in Ahmedabad City. Service roads of 5.65 kms length by constructed by METRO Contractor is also damaged and 5.12 kms of road length is repaired by METRO and remaining work is in progress.
n) To attend the patch work and repair the potholes, tenders of new technology "patchwork using Jet Patcher machine"
were already approved and at present, the patch work using jet patcher machine is in progress. Patchwork using Jet Patcher Machine on Major junctions will be attended. So far, 2575 square meter work has been completed.
o) Cold mix bags were also procured and small patches are attended using cold mix bags.
p) The aforesaid measures have been the immediate steps which the Corporation has undertaken. However, actual road reinstatement either by Hot Mix Plant with reference to the roads suffering from major erosion or by micro surfacing process with reference to the roads suffering from minor erosion, is required to be commenced, no sooner weather becomes favourable inasmuch as the above referred two measures can be undertaken only when there is a dry atmosphere and it is not raining. The Corporation is expected to start the said processes from tomorrow, i.e. on 11.08.2017 with reference to the roads covering about 55.09 kms and it has been planned to complete the said work in 30 to 45 days, if weather remains favourable.
q) Along with the undertaking of covering various roads of length of 55.09 kms, it shall be the endeavor of the Corporation to see that the other roads of the city are also Page 9 of 16 HC-NIC Page 9 of 16 Created On Mon Aug 21 10:26:41 IST 2017 C/WPPIL/170/2017 ORDER simultaneously attended by undertaking either (a) patch work using Jet Patcher Machine; or (b) roads reinstatement by Hot Mix Plant; or (c) roads reinstatement by micro surfacing, depending upon the nature of erosion in the roads.
(8) For Citizen Complaint Redressal System (CCRS), a Toll Free No.155303 has been dedicated for receiving all the civic facilities related complaints and to monitor the said system, a Zonewise Nodal Officer has been appointed, who will be responsible for monitoring the system.
(9) If the complaint being received at the aforesaid dedicated telephone number hereinafter with respect to roads in the city, the same will be monitored by the concerned Deputy City Engineer of the concerned Zone.
(10) Corporation shall give wide publicity of the aforesaid telephone number with requisite information so as to enable the people at large to lodge their complaints. (11) For preventing the problem of stray cattle and more particularly during the monsoon period, the Corporation is now armed with 1 Deputy Superintendent of Police, 2 Police Inspectors, 3 Police SubInspectors, 21 Police Constables, 1 Sanitary Inspector, 3 Sanitary SubInspectors and 47 Cattle Catchers for the purpose of catching and impounding stray cattle and animals on the public roads. Pertinently, during the period from 201617 and 201718, 10578 and 3409 stray cattle, respectively, have been caught, wherefrom total penal amount collected has been to the tune of Rs.82.71 lakhs and Rs.23.20 lakhs (upto 07.08.2017) respectively.Page 10 of 16
HC-NIC Page 10 of 16 Created On Mon Aug 21 10:26:41 IST 2017 C/WPPIL/170/2017 ORDER [5.1] He has also submitted and stated at the Bar that the Corporation is also proposing to incorporate stringent conditions in the future tender notices and the contracts to be executed for such and similar work including the increase in the security deposit / unconditional performance Bank Guarantee of a substantial amount to be continued during the defect liability period. He has also stated that in the fresh tenders it shall also be provided that if any contractor has indulged into any malpractice and/or used any inferior quality and/or the construction of the roads is found to be of an inferior quality, he shall be debarred / blacklisted permanently.
[5.2] He has also stated and submitted at the Bar that with respect to all the contracts awarded during the last 2 years for construction of road / resurfacing of the roads, there shall be an inquiry by the Vigilence Cell of the Corporation who shall also hold and conduct the inquiry not only with respect to the material used and quality of the road but shall also hold inquiry to find out the officers of the Corporation who had failed to perform their duties more particularly of supervision and inspection etc. Shri Trivedi, learned Adovcate General appearing on behalf of the Corporation has also stated at the Bar that as such road works would be under inspection of the Assistant City Engineer of the concerned ward where such works are undertaken and therefore, for future lapse and/or any such eventuality of poor conditions of road etc. the concerned Assistant City Engineer of the concerned ward shall be held responsible and liable.
[5.3] Shri Trivedi, learned Advocate General appearing on behalf of the Corporation has also stated at the Bar the names of the contractors with full particulars of the roads for which the contracts were awarded to them and also the names of the concerned Deputy City Engineer and Page 11 of 16 HC-NIC Page 11 of 16 Created On Mon Aug 21 10:26:41 IST 2017 C/WPPIL/170/2017 ORDER Assistant City Engineer of the concerned ward shall be published on the website of the Corporation.
[5.4] Shri Trivedi, learned Advocate General appearing on behalf of the Corporation has also stated at the Bar that even the repairs of the roads and/or resurfacing of the roads shall be at the cost of the concerned contractors. Shri Trivedi, learned Advocate General appearing on behalf of the Corporation has assured the Court on behalf of the Commissioner, Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation that all required steps shall be taken immediately and urgently for repair / resurfacing of the roads so that the citizen of the Corporation area may not have to suffer further and/or no undue hardship is caused to them due to such potholes / damaged roads.
[6.0] Heard Shri Panchal, learned Advocate appearing on behalf of the petitioner and Shri Kamal Trivedi, learned Advocate General appearing for the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation.
[6.1] At the outset it is required to be noted and it cannot be disputed that as such the duty is cast upon the Corporation to maintain the public roads. It also cannot be disputed that a duty is cast upon the Corporation to see to it that the public roads are constructed and maintained in good condition so as to facilitate smooth flow of traffic. As far as back in the year 2006, the Division Bench of this Court in the case of Sharda Sahkari Gruh Mandali Ltd. and Ors. (Supra) has issued various directions to the very Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation to take effective steps to construct and maintain the public roads in good condition. It is required to be noted that in the aforesaid decision the directions as such were issued not only against the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation but against all the local authorities in the State. It is very unfortunate that Page 12 of 16 HC-NIC Page 12 of 16 Created On Mon Aug 21 10:26:41 IST 2017 C/WPPIL/170/2017 ORDER despite of various orders passed by this Court and the directions issued, the things seems to have not that much improved. Crores of rupees are spent by the Corporation to construct / maintain the public roads. The work of construction and/or maintaining the public roads are entrusted to the contractors. However, at the same time it is the duty of the concerned Officers of the Corporation to see to it that the poor quality roads are not constructed by the contractors and the poor material is not used. It is not in dispute that it is the duty of the concerned officers to supervise and monitor and/or inspect the roads and to see to it that quality roads are constructed and that quality material is used. Shri Trivedi, learned Advocate General has stated that as such it is the duty of the concerned Assistant City Engineer of the concerned zone / ward to supervise and inspect the public roads and to see to it that the public roads are constructed and maintained in good condition. It appears that though crores of rupees are spent by the Corporation out of the public money (the tax recovered from the citizen), the result is not achieved and the public roads are not constructed and/or maintained in good condition and ultimate sufferer is the citizen. When crores of rupees are spent, there is legitimate expectation of the citizen that the Corporation gives the return of good condition public roads. Atleast such is expected from the Corporation. However, it appears that either due to poor material used in the construction / maintenance of the roads by the contractors and/or the scientific method is not used, there is a large scale damage to the public roads in the city of Ahmedabad. Even it can prima facie be said that the concerned Officers failed to perform their statutory duties. From the aforesaid and the submissions made by Shri Trivedi, learned Advocate General appearing for the Corporation more particularly appearing on behalf of the Municipal Commissioner, Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation that further steps are being taken to improve the condition of the roads and that the inquiry has been Page 13 of 16 HC-NIC Page 13 of 16 Created On Mon Aug 21 10:26:41 IST 2017 C/WPPIL/170/2017 ORDER initiated by the Vigilance Cell and out of approximately 10 contractors who were entrusted with the work of construction and maintenance of the public roads, 3 contractors are found to be responsible for such poor condition of roads and for rest the inquiry by the Vigilance Commission is going on. As observed hereinabove, Shri Trivedi, learned Advocate General has assured on behalf of the Commissioner of Municipal Corporation as well as on behalf of the authorities that immediate steps shall be taken to improve the condition of the public roads and that all steps shall be taken preventive as well as curative so that in future also the public roads are constructed and maintained in good condition and the citizen may not have to suffer in future. Under the circumstances, Commissioner, Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation and the concerned authorities of the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation are hereby directed to act as suggested by Shri Trivedi, learned Advocate General appearing on behalf of the Corporation as stated hereinabove.
[6.2] Before any further order is passed and/or directions are issued, we are of the opinion that if following further directions are issued at this stage, it will help and/or assist the Court in passing the further order in the matter.
(1) As assured by and on behalf of the Commissioner, Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation, the Vigilance Cell which is reported to be an independent cell to inquire into the pathetic condition of the public roads in the city and also inquire into the role of the concerned contractors and also with respect to the concerned officers who might have failed to perform their duties. The aforesaid exercise shall be completed within the period of 4 weeks from today and submit the report before this Court in the present proceedings. The aforesaid inquiry shall be supervised and monitored by the Commissioner, Ahmedabad Municipal Page 14 of 16 HC-NIC Page 14 of 16 Created On Mon Aug 21 10:26:41 IST 2017 C/WPPIL/170/2017 ORDER Corporation himself and it is directed to see to it that the inquiry is conducted absolutely in a fair, independent and shall have transparency.
(2) The Municipal Commissioner, Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation to place on record the following information on affidavit.
(a) In last two years the budgetary provision made for the purpose of construction and maintenance of the public roads.
(b) The actual amounts spent / made to the contractors and/or others for construction and maintenance of the public roads of last two years.
(c) The names of the contractors to whom the contracts are awarded to construct and maintain the public roads in the last two years along with the terms and conditions on which the contracts were awarded.
(d) The actual payment made to the respective contractors and the amount still due and payable to the concerned contractors.
(e) The measurement books maintained by the concerned authorities which would demonstrate and show the payment made, be produced.
(3) Over and above the above, the Commissioner, Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation and/or the appropriate authorities of the Corporation are hereby directed to see to it that what is submitted by Shri Trivedi, learned Advocate General appearing on behalf of the Corporation, observed hereinabove, is complied with and the Commissioner and concerned Officers are directed to act as submitted by Shri Trivedi, learned Advocate General, referred to Page 15 of 16 HC-NIC Page 15 of 16 Created On Mon Aug 21 10:26:41 IST 2017 C/WPPIL/170/2017 ORDER hereinabove.
(4) Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation to give the public notice / advertisement in the local newspapers having wide circulation informing the public to whom the complaints can be made; who will be the Appropriate Authority / Officer. The Corporation shall also give the particulars of the toll free number of the Grievance Redressal Cell. As and when any such complaints are received, the same shall be attended by the concerned Assistant City Engineer / Deputy City Engineer of the concerned Zone / Ward and on failure, as suggested by Shri Trivedi, learned Advocate General appearing on behalf of the Corporation, the concerned Assistant City Engineer of the concerned Zone / Ward can be held / made responsible.
(5) Commissioner, Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation is hereby directed to see to it that all necessary immediate steps are taken to repair and/or resurface the damaged roads and to see to it that the public roads are constructed and maintained in a good condition.
(6) Commissioner, Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation to submit the detailed compliance report on the next date of hearing.
NOTICE returnable on 11.09.2017. Shri Satyam Chhaya, learned Advocate waives service of Notice on behalf of the respondent - Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation. For rest of the respondents, Direct Service is Permitted.
Sd/ (M.R. SHAH, J.) Sd/ (B.N. KARIA, J.) Ajay Page 16 of 16 HC-NIC Page 16 of 16 Created On Mon Aug 21 10:26:41 IST 2017