Calcutta High Court (Appellete Side)
Sahidul Dhali @ Md. Shaidul Dhali vs Abdul Latif Molla on 28 March, 2024
Author: Shampa Sarkar
Bench: Shampa Sarkar
28.03.2024
Ct. No. 19
Sl. No.64
Cp
C.O. No. 1108 of 2023
Sahidul Dhali @ Md. Shaidul Dhali
Vs.
Abdul Latif Molla
Mr. Anirban Mitra
Mr. Amit Halder
....for the petitioner.
Mr. Partha Pratim Ray
.....for the opposite party.
1. The revisional application arises out of an order dated
November 5, 2022, passed by the learned Civil Judge
(Junior Division), 1st Court, Basirhat in connection
with Misc. Pre-emption Case No. 46 of 2018. By the
order impugned, the learned court allowed an
application filed by the pre-emptor, praying for leave to
deposit the balance consideration money along with
10% statutory interest.
2. The learned court fixed February 4, 2023, for
depositing rest of the sale consideration money along
with 10% statutory interest. Accordingly, a challan has
been produced before this court indicating that the
order was complied with, although there is some
discrepancy with the date.
3. Learned advocate for the petitioner submits the he
does not have any instruction with regard to such
deposit.
2
4. Be that as it may, the deposit of the said amount
would not change the fate of the pre-emptor. The
learned Trial Judge, without considering the decisions
in Barasat Eye Hospital and Ors vs Kaustabh
Mondal reported in (2019) 19 SCC 767, and Abdul
Matin Mallick vs. Subrata Bhattacharjee and Ors,
reported in (2022) 7 SCC 147, allowed the prayer for
deposit of the balance sale consideration with 10%
levy.
5. Admittedly, the pre-emption case was filed in 2018 on
the ground of co-sharership and vicinage. The sale was
complete on July 13, 2018. The pre-emption
application was filed with deposit of Rs.1,65,000/- on
or about September 28, 2018. Although the
application was filed within the period prescribed by
law, but the same was not accompanied with the
deposit of full consideration along with 10% thereof, as
stated in the deed. The right of preemption had not
been triggered off in view of the short deposit.
6. After more than three years from the date of expiry of
the period of limitation, an application was filed
seeking permission to deposit the remaining
consideration money which was contrary to law and
also contrary to the decisions which are discussed
herein below:-
3
7. In paragraph 34 of the decision in Barasat Eye
Hospital (supra) the Hon'ble Apex Court considered
whether an extension of time could be given to make
good the short deposit and it was held that if the
application for pre-emption was filed within the period
of limitation with a deficit amount and the balance
amount was also deposited within the period of
limitation, the situation could have been different.
However, extension of time to deposit the amount
beyond the period stipulated by law, was not
permissible and no extension could be granted. The
right of pre-emption would be triggered off only upon
deposit of the balance consideration, but the balance
consideration could not be allowed to be deposited
beyond the period of limitation. Section 5 of the
Limitation Act, was not applicable in a proceeding
under Section 8 of the West Bengal Land Reforms Act.
The court was not left with any discretion to extend
the time to deposit the consideration amount. Relevant
paragraphs of Barasat Eye Hospital (supra) are
quoted below:-
"34. The last question which arises is whether
the respondent can now be granted time to
deposit the balance amount. When the direction
was so passed, in pursuance of the order of the
appellate court, the respondent still assailed the
same. The requirement of exercising the right
within the stipulated time, in respect of the very
provision has been held to be sacrosanct i.e.
that there can be no extension of time granted
even by recourse to Section 5 of the Limitation
4
Act. [Gopal Sardar v. Karuna Sardar, (2004) 4
SCC 252]
35. As we have discussed above, once the time
period to exercise a right is sacrosanct, then the
deposit of the full amount within the time is
also sacrosanct. The two go hand-in-hand. It is
not a case where an application has been filed
within time and the amount is deficient, but the
balance amount has been deposited within the
time meant for the exercise of the right. We are
saying so as such an eventuality may arise, but
in that case, the right under the application
would be triggered off on deposit of the amount
which, in turn, would be within the time
stipulated for triggering the right. That not
having happened, we are of the view that there
cannot be any extension of time granted to the
respondent now, to exercise such a right. This
is, of course, apart from the fact that this
speculative exercise on behalf of the respondent
has continued for the last fourteen years, by
deposit of 50% of the amount."
8. The law has been settled that an enquiry envisaged
under Section 9 of the West Bengal Land Reforms Act,
1955 could only be done when the entire consideration
was deposited along with 10% levy. Even if the
premptor contended that the sale consideration was
inflated, it was his obligation to comply with the legal
mandate. The relevant paragraphs in Barasat Eye
Hospital (supra) are quoted below:-
"26. Now turning to Section 9 of the said Act,
from which, apparently, some judgments of the
Calcutta High Court have sought to derive a
conclusion that an inquiry into the stated
consideration is envisaged. However, the
commencement of sub-section (1) of Section 9
is with "on the deposit mentioned in sub-
section (1) of Section 8 being made..." Thus, for
anything further to happen under Section 9 of
the said Act, the deposit as envisaged under
Section 8 of the said Act has to be made. It is
5
only then that the remaining portion of Section
9 of the said Act would come into play.
27. The question now is as to what would be
the nature of inquiry which has been envisaged
to be carried out by the Munsif. If Section 9, as
it reads, is perused, then first, the amount as
mentioned in the sale transaction is to be
deposited, as per sub-section (1) of Section 8 of
the said Act. Once that amount is deposited,
the next stage is for the Munsif to give notice of
the application to the transferee. The transferee
thereafter, when enters appearance within the
time specified, can prove the consideration
money paid for the transfer "and other sums".
Such other sums, if any, are as "properly paid
by him in respect of the land including any sum
paid for annulling encumbrances created prior
to the day of transfer, and rent or revenue,
cesses or taxes for any period". The inquiry,
thus envisaged, is in respect of the amount
sought to be claimed over and above the stated
sale consideration in the document of sale
because, in that eventuality further sums would
have to be called for, from the pre-emptor. In
that context, the additional amount would have
to be deposited. Even in the event that a pre-
emptor raises doubts regarding the
consideration amount, enquiry into the said
aspect can be done only upon payment of the
full amount, along with the application. In this
aspect, the phrase "the remainder, if any, being
refunded to the applicant" would include to
mean the repayment of the initial deposit made
along with the application, if considered to be
excess. To give any other connotation to these
sections would make both, the latter part of
Section 8 of the said Act and the inception part
of Section 9 of the said Act, otiose. We do not
think such an interpretation can be
countenanced.
28. In our view, when the inquiry is being made
by the Munsif, whether in respect of the stated
consideration, or in respect of any additional
amounts which may be payable, the pre-
requisite of deposit of the amount of the stated
consideration under Section 8(1) of the said Act
would be required to be fulfilled. The
phraseology "the remainder, if any, being
refunded to the applicant" would have to be
understood in that context. The word
"remainder" is in reference to any amount
which, on inquiry about the stated
6
consideration, may be found to have been
deposited in excess, but it cannot be left at the
own whim of the applicant to deposit any
amount, which is deemed proper, but the full
amount has to be deposited, and if found in
excess on inquiry, be refunded to the applicant.
29. We are, thus, firmly of the view that the pre-
requisite to even endeavour to exercise this
weak right is the deposit of the amount of sale
consideration and the 10% levy on that
consideration, as otherwise, Section 8(1) of the
said Act will not be triggered off, apart from
making even the beginning of Section 9(1) of the
said Act otiose.
30. We are not inclined to construe the
aforesaid provisions otherwise only on the
ground that there are no so-called "penal
provisions" included. The provisions of Sections
8 and 9 of the said Act must be read as they
are. In fact, it is a settled rule of construction
that legislative provisions should be read in
their plain grammatical connotation, and only
in the case of conflicts between different
provisions would an endeavour have to be made
to read them in a manner that they co-exist and
no part of the rule is made superfluous. [British
India General Insurance Co. Ltd. v. Itbar Singh,
AIR 1959 SC 1331] The interpretation, as we
have adopted, would show that really speaking,
no part of either Section 8, or Section 9 of the
said Act is made otiose. Even if an inquiry takes
place in the aspect of stated consideration, on a
plea of some fraud or likewise, and if such a
finding is reached, the amount can always be
directed to be refunded, if deposited in excess.
However, it cannot be said that a discretion can
be left to the pre-emptor to deposit whatever
amount, in his opinion, is the appropriate
consideration, in order to exercise a right of
pre-emption. The full amount has to be
deposited.
31. We may also note that, as a matter of fact,
the pre-emptor in the present case i.e. the
respondent has not filed any material to
substantiate even the plea on the basis of
which, even if an inquiry was held, could a
conclusion be reached that the stated
consideration is not the market value of the
land.
32. We also believe that to give such a
discretion to the pre-emptor, without deposit of
the full consideration, would give rise to
7
speculative litigation, where the pre-emptor, by
depositing smaller amounts, can drag on the
issue of the vendee exercising rights in
pursuance of the valid sale deed executed. In
the present case, there is a sale deed executed
and registered, setting out the consideration."
9. The reference to Abdul Odud Ali (supra) and the
contention that a reference was pending, will not
reverse the fate of this case.
10. Abdul Matin Mallick (Supra) was also dealing with
the issue of short deposit by a non-notified co-sharer,
and the objection was with regard to inflated amount
quoted in the sale deed. The Hon'ble Apex Court
applied the law declared in Barasat Eye Hospital
(supra) in the said case as well. The relevant portions
of Abdul Matin Mallick (Supra) are quoted below:-
"2.1. That the disputed property in question,
which was the subject-matter of application for
pre-emption before the Appropriate Authority
under the West Bengal Land Reforms Act, 1955
(hereinafter referred to as "the 1955 Act")
belonged to one Khudiram Bhattacharya, who
died on 17-4-2001 leaving behind him,
surviving his widow Purnima Bhattacharya who
also died on 14-8-2001 and three sons, namely,
Subrata, Debabrata and Ratan (the pre-emptors
herein) and two daughters Kalyani and Alpana,
the vendors of the pre-emptee (appellant
herein). On the death of Khudiram
Bhattacharya and his widow, the aforesaid
three sons and two daughters inherited the
property in question each having undivided
1/5th share therein. The daughters of the
original owner -- Khudiram Bhattacharya sold
their undivided 2/5th share in the property in
question to the appellant herein -- pre-emptee,
Abdul Matin Mallick vide registered sale deed
dated 23-11-2011. The sale in favour of the
appellant by the daughters of the said
Khudiram Bhattacharya was sought to be pre-
empted by the sons of said Khudiram
8
Bhattacharya on the ground that their sisters
have transferred their undivided share in the
property in question to the appellant, a stranger
to the said property without serving statutory
notice under sub-section (5) of Section 5 of the
1955 Act. The said application under Section 8
of the 1955 Act was registered as Misc. Pre-
emption Case No. 8 of 2012 before the learned
trial court.
***
6.1. Thus, as observed and held by this Court in the aforesaid judgment in Bishan Singh [Bishan Singh v. Khazan Singh, AIR 1958 SC 838] , the right of pre-emption is "a very weak right". That being the character of the right, any provision to enforce such a right must, thus, be strictly construed. [Barasat Eye Hospital [Barasat Eye Hospital v. Kaustabh Mondal, (2019) 19 SCC 767 : (2020) 4 SCC (Civ) 810] ] 6.2. The submission/contention on behalf of the pre-emptee that, as in the present case, along with the pre-emption application, the pre- emptors did not deposit the entire sale consideration with 10% additional sale consideration, and therefore their pre-emption application was not required to be further considered and no further enquiry as contemplated under Section 9 of the 1955 Act would be maintainable is concerned, identical question came to be considered by this Court in Barasat Eye Hospital [Barasat Eye Hospital v. Kaustabh Mondal, (2019) 19 SCC 767 : (2020) 4 SCC (Civ) 810] wherein at paras 23 to 33, it is observed and held as under :
(SCC pp. 779-81) 6.3. Therefore, deposit of the entire sale consideration with additional 10% of the sale consideration along with the pre-emption application is a statutory and mandatory requirement and it is a precondition before any further enquiry as contemplated under Section 9 of the Act is held. In the present case, admittedly, the pre-emptors had not deposited the entire sale consideration with additional 10% of the sale consideration along with the pre-emption application. The aforesaid aspects have not been considered either by the first appellate court or even by the High Court in this case.
*** 9
7. Now, so far as the submission on behalf of the pre-emptors that they bona fide believed that the sale consideration mentioned in the sale deed is in favour of the vendee, who is an outsider (outside the family) was higher than the actual sale consideration and therefore, they did not deposit the entire sale consideration with additional 10% of the sale consideration along with the pre-emption application is concerned, it is to be noted that the aforesaid cannot be a ground not to comply with the condition of deposit as required under Section 8 of the 1955 Act. At the most, such a dispute can be the subject-matter of an enquiry provided under Section 9 of the Act. As observed hereinabove, the enquiry under Section 9 with respect to the sale consideration in the sale deed would be only after the condition of deposit of entire sale consideration with additional 10% as provided under Section 8 of the Act has been complied with.
8. Now, so far as the submission on behalf of the pre-emptors that the contention of non- deposit of the entire sale consideration with additional 10% of the sale consideration by the pre-emptors was not raised before the courts below and has been raised for the first time before this Court, and therefore the same be not considered/permitted to be raised now, is concerned, it is to be noted that the said contention would go to the root of the matter on maintainability of the pre-emption application as without complying with the statutory requirements as mentioned under Section 8 of the 1955 Act, the same is not maintainable. It is an admitted position that the pre-emptors had not deposited the entire sale consideration with additional 10% of the sale consideration along with the pre-emption application as required under Section 8 of the Act in the instant case. In view of the aforesaid admitted position, we have considered the submission on behalf of the appellant on non-fulfilment of the condition mentioned in Section 8 of the Act.
9. At this stage, it is required to be noted that even the High Court in the impugned judgment and order has permitted the pre-emptors to deposit the balance sale consideration. However, faced with the decision of this Court in Barasat Eye Hospital [Barasat Eye Hospital v. Kaustabh Mondal, (2019) 19 SCC 767 : (2020) 4 SCC (Civ) 810] and in light of the 10 observations made by us hereinabove that along with the pre-emption application, the pre- emptors have to deposit the entire sale consideration with additional 10% and only thereafter the further enquiry can be conducted as per Section 9 of the 1955 Act and therefore, unless and until the same is complied with, the pre-emption application would not be maintainable, the High Court is not justified in permitting the pre-emptors to now deposit the balance sale consideration with additional 10% while deciding the revision application. Such a direction/permission/liberty would go against the intent of Section 8 of the 1955 Act.
10. In view of the above and for the reasons stated above, the present appeals succeed. The impugned judgments and orders passed by the High Court [Abdul Matin Mallick v. Subrata Bhattacharjee (Banerjee), 2019 SCC OnLine Cal 3853] , [Subrata Bhattacharjee (Banerjee) v. Abdul Matin Mallick, 2021 SCC OnLine Cal 3548] and that of the first appellate court are hereby quashed and set aside. Consequently, the pre-emption application submitted by the original pre-emptors -- Respondents 1 to 3 herein stands dismissed. Respondents 1 to 3 -- original pre-emptors are permitted to withdraw the amount, which they might have deposited either along with the pre- emption application and/or any subsequent deposit pursuant to the orders passed by the High Court.
11. In the decision of Chitta Ranjan Mishra (supra), this Court discussed the scope and the effect of the decision in Barasat Eye Hospital (supra). The said application for preemption in the case decided by this Court was also on the ground of non-notified co-
sharership. This Court held that the law laid down in Barasat Eye Hospital (supra) was a law declared and it had a retrospective effect. The relevant portions are quoted below:-
11"Upon a meaningful reading of the decision, it is evident that the object of the said decision was to put to rest the controversy in respect of exercise of such a weak right, especially in the matter of short deposits. The Apex court took note of the fact that the decision would have a far larger ramification, as many cases were pending before this High Court on this point. Secondly, the law was in existence since 1955, but the interpretation of the same in respect of the requirement to deposit the consideration amount was finally put to rest in the decision of Barasat Eye Hospital (supra). It was a law declared on the point and will have a retrospective effect. The Hon'ble Apex Court was of the view that if short deposits were allowed, a weak right would give rise to speculative suits. In the decision of Abdul Matin (supra), a similar view was taken by the Hon'ble Apex Court upon relying on the decision in Barasat Eye Hospital (supra). The Hon'ble Apex Court was dealing with Misc. Preemption Case No.8 of 2012 which had been filed before the trial court. The Misc. preemption case was dismissed by the trial court. Misc. Appeal No.7 of 2014 was preferred. The Misc. Appeal was allowed and the order of the learned trial court was set aside. The application for pre-emption was allowed on the ground of co-sharership. The first appellate court allowed deposit of the balance consideration money. Aggrieved, the pre-emptee approached the High Court. The High Court dismissed the revisional application by upholding the order of the first appellate court and also upholding the decision of the first appellate to allow a belated deposit of the balance consideration money. Such order was challenged in Civil Appeal No.3500 of 2022. In such a pending proceeding, the decision of Barasat Eye Hospital (supra) was referred to and it was held that the learned lower appellate court was not justified in permitting the preemptor to deposit the balance consideration money with additional 10% and the High Court was also not justified in upholding such decision.
Thus the Apex Court applied the decision of Barasat Eye Hospital (supra) even in a pending preemption case of 2012, and set aside the order of the High Court passed in C.O.4266 of 2016. The decision of Barasat Eye Hospital (supra) was rendered in 2019.12
In the decision of Assistant Commissioner, Income Tax Rajkot v. Saurashtra Kutch Stock Exchange Ltd., reported (2008) 14 SCC 171, the Hon'ble Apex Court held as follows:-
'35. In our judgment, it is also well settled that a judicial decision acts retrospectively. According to Blackstonian theory, it is not the function of the court to pronounce a "new rule" but to maintain and expound the "old one". In other words, Judges do not make law, they only discover or find the correct law. The law has always been the same. If a subsequent decision alters the earlier one, it (the later decision) does not make new law. It only discovers the correct principle of law which has to be applied retrospectively. To put it differently, even where an earlier decision of the court operated for quite some time, the decision rendered later on would have retrospective effect clarifying the legal position which was earlier not correctly understood.' In the decision of P.V. George and Others v. State of Kerala and others, reported in (2007) 3 SCC 557, the Hon'ble Apex Court held that the law declared by a court will have retrospective effect if not otherwise stated to be so specifically.
The decision of the Hon'ble Apex Court was a law declared on the point that deposit of the full amount stated as the sale consideration together with further deposit of 10% was a precondition to filing an application under Section 8(1) of the West Bengal Land and Land Reforms Act, 1995. The conflicting legal position was clarified, interpreted, rectified and altered. The decision has a retrospective effect and will apply to pending proceedings."
12. The order impugned is set aside.
13. The revisional application is allowed.
1314. It is immaterial whether subsequent sale consideration was deposited or not. The opposite party can take steps in accordance with law.
15. The revisional application is disposed. There shall be no order as to costs.
16. Parties are to act on the server copy of this order.
(Shampa Sarkar, J.)