National Green Tribunal
Suo Motu vs State Of Kerala Rep By Its Principal ... on 28 April, 2022
Bench: K. Ramakrishnan, Satyagopal Korlapati
Item No. 02: Court No -- 1 BEFORE THE NATIONAL GREEN TRIBUNAL SOUTHERN ZONE, CHENNAI Original Application No. 16 of 2016 (SZ) (through video conference) IN THE MATTER OF: Suo Motu the health hazards created in Kerala by Pollution of water from Bharathapuzha river, As per the news item published in The Hindu dated 15" January 2016 The Suo -- Motu application arises. And 1. State of Kerala Rep. by its Principal Secretary. 2. The Chairman Kerala State Pollution Control Board. 3. The Collector, Palakkad. 4. The Collector, Mallapuram. 5. The Collector, Thrissur. ...Respondent(s) Date of Judgment: 28.04.2022 CORAM: HON'BLE Mr. JUSTICE K. RAMAKRISHNAN, JUDICIAL MEMBER HON'BLE Dr. SATYAGOPAL KORLAPATI, EXPERT MEMBER For Applicant(s): Suo Motu by Court For Respondent(s): Mr. G. Vignesh represented Mr. E.K. Kumaresan for R1, R3, R4 & R5 Mrs. V. K. Rema Smrithi for R2 JUDGMENT
1. The above case has been Suo --Motu registered by this Tribunal on the basis of the newspaper report published in "The Hindu" daily dated 15.01.2016 regarding the health hazards in Kerala by pollution of water from "Bharathapuzha River."
2. It is also mentioned in the report that Bharathapuzha River is main source of drinking water for Palakkad, Malappuram and Thrissur Districts was facing. imminent death largely because of massive deforestation, encroachments, chemical contamination, dumping of waste and unscientific sewage disposal.
3. It was also mentioned in the report that the analysis of water taken from Pattambi area confirmed that it was having. coli form more than the permitted limit.
4. The matter was admitted and the notice was issued to the authorities. Thereafter, the matter was disposed by Judgment dated 23.05.2016 as follows:-
1. By order dated 27" January, 2016 on the basis of a report published in the newspaper report "The Hindu" dated 15"
January, 2016, the Tribunal had issued Suo Motu notice. In news item it is stated that the most source of water of Bharathapuzha river is contaminated and the primary cause of pollution of the river is the massive deforestation, encroachments, chemical contamination, dumping of waste and large scale discharge of untreated effluents into the river.
2. After issuance of notice, the learned counsel appearing for the State Pollution Control Board has filed reply, duly supported by additional report which reveals that the parameters of the trade effluents are higher and there is serious violation of the parameters. It is stated that United Breweries Limited which is located in that area, is violating the prescribed norms which is serious. The quantity of discharge of nearly 4,00,000 litres/day and the unit is re- using about 2,50,000 litres/day after treatment and Reverse Osmosis (RO) and only remaining is discharged into the river and the parameters particularly pH, BOD are violating the norms.
3. It is not deputed before us that the river provides drinking water for residents of the area and if this river is polluted, it will cause serious environmental and health hazards... We direct the Pollution Control Board to take. appropriate precautionary and restorative. steps. Thus, there is an imminent necessity for constituting a committee,
4.In view of the above, we constitute the following committee consisting of :
(1) a Scientist from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), (2) a Senior Scientist' from the Kerala State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB), (3) a Senior Officer from the Department of Health and Environment.of the Government of Kerala, :and (4) a person. having knowledge: specially in Science and Technology of water. pollution nominated by the Vice Chancellor of the Cochin .University to enquire into the following things :-
5. The above committee shall:
(1) Personally inspect the area in question ad submit a requisite report to the Tribunal as well as the Chief Secretary of the State of Kerala and the Member Secretary of the Kerala Pollution Control Board.
(2) The committee shall obtain samples for examination of the quality of water of the river, effluents discharged by the industries, particularly, United Brewerie Ltd., Kanjikode West, Palakkad relating to sewage and other domestic sewage discharged in to the river.
(3) The committee shall measure the water quality and analyse it as per the standards.
(4) The committee shall recommend the steps to be taken viz., preventive, precautionary as well as restorative, so that the water quality of the river does not deteriorate any further and however is restored to this original position.
The report of the committee shall be intimated to both sides, including public body and the other local authorities, the Member Secretary of Central Pollution Control Board, the..Kerala State Pollution Control Board and the Chief Secretary of the State of Kerala with a direction that the recommendation should be treated as per direction issued by the Board for preventing and control of pollution.
The report should be submitted to the Tribunal and to the above said officers within. six weeks from today. and report should be submitted to the Registry of the Tribunal for appropriate direction.
At present the application stands disposed of. No order as to cost'.
5. Since no reports have been filed as directed, this Tribunal had taken up the matter On 01.02.2022, after considering the directions issued and this Tribunal passed the following order:-
"4, By this Judgment, this Tribunal also directed the Chief Secretary of Kerala State Pollution Control Board to implement the direction and submit the report to this Tribunal within six (6) weeks and directed the Registry to place the report before the Tribunal for appropriate further direction.Not only six.(6) weeks, but also almost six (6) years lapsed after passing of this Judgment. But it is quite unfortunate that no reports have been filed. It is not known as to whether any committee has been appointed and an exercise has been done by the committee In tune with the directions issued by this Tribunal and any recommendations have been made in this regard.
5. When this was pointed out, the learned counsel appearing for Kerala State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB) as well as the State of Kerala submitted that if some time is granted, they may be able to come with the action taken (if any), on the basis of the directions issued by this Tribunal. Considering the circumstances we feel that some time can be granted to them to comply with the direction.
6. The above officials are directed to submit the report to this Tribunal on or before 25.02.2022 by e-filing in the form of searchable 4 PDF/OCR Supportable PDF and not in the form of Image PDF along with necessary hardcopies to be produced as per rules.
7. The Registry is directed to communicate this order to the members of the committee, official respondents including the Chief Secretary, Principal Secretary/Additional Chief Secretary who is in charge of Environment, Chairman-Kerala State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB, Member Secretary-Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Regional Office, Bangalore and also to the Vice Chancellor-Cochin University along with the newspaper report and the Judgment of the Tribunal for their information and for compliance of the direction without delay.
6. The case was posted to 25.02.2022 for consideration of further action taken report. The matter was again taken up on 08.03.2022 after reiterating the directions issued by this Tribunal while disposing the matter and passed the following order:-
II) "The committee was constituted by the.Tribunal and the committee was directed to file a report to the Chief Secretary, State: of Kerala as well before the Tribunal within six (6).weeks from the date of Judgment. Since no reports have been filed, the matter has been taken up today for consideration of report.
III) It is not known as to whether the committee was constituted and whether the committee had inspected and submitted any report to the Chief Secretary, State of Kerala.
IV) However we feel that some time can be granted to the committee as well as the Chief Secretary and the Kerala State Pollution Control "Board (KSPCB) to file the respective reports and also the action taken on the basis of the report if any filed by the committee appointed by this Tribunal, apart from this the Kerala State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB) was also directed to ascertain as to whether any untreated industrial effluents are being discharged into the Bharathapuzha river from these areas from the industries mentioned in the order as well as the other industries situated nearby and if so, what is the nature of action taken by the Kerala State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB) in this regard...
V) We feel that the Kerala State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB) can be designated as the nodal agency for co-
ordination and for providing necessary logistics for this purpose.
VI) The committee as well as the respondents are directed to file their respective reports to this Tribunal on or before 26.04.2022 by e-filing in the form of searchable PDF/OCR Supportable PDF and not in the form of Image PDF along with necessary hardcopies to be produced as per rules.
VII) The Registry is directed to communicate this order to the members of the committee, official respondents including the respective District Collectors, Chairman, Kerala State Pollution Control Board, Additional Chief Secretary for Environment and also the Chief Secretary, State of Kerala for their information and for compliance of the direction.
7. The case was posted to 26.04.2022 for consideration of compliance cum action taken report. On 26.04.2022, this Tribunal had considered the report submitted by the Kerala State Pollution..Control Board dated 20.04.2022, received through e-mail.on the same date and extracted in Para (2) of the order which reads as follows:-
REPORT. FILED. BY.THE ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEER: ON: BEHALF OF KERALA STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
1) |, Mini Mary Sam, aged 55 years,.W/o Ranjan Jacob, Environmental Engineer do here by submit that I am authorised to represent the..Kerala State Pollution Control Board, and that Iam conversant with the facts of the above case and I may state as follows.
2) As directed by the Hon'ble. Tribunal the action taken report on 'Restoration of Water Quality in Bharathapuzha' is submitted as follows:
SL No. Recommendations Remarks
1. Pudussery Grama Panchayath
2. Palakkad Municipality
3. Kalpathi Village(Part of Palakkad Municipality) 4, Ottapalam Municipality
5. Shornur Municipality
6.Pattambi Municipality Pudussery gramapanchayath has septic tank system provided in all households and establishments which is adequate to take care of sewage; industrial and hotel establishments have STP or septic tank, as necessary which is ensured by Board.
800 KLD STP proposed by municipality near at a location near Kalpathy. DPR_ prepared, funding under Amruth, Palakakad Municipality is the implementing agency. Construction not started.
800 KLD STP proposed by municipality near at a location near .Kalpathy. DPR prepared, funding under Amruth, Palakakad Municipality is the implementing agency. Construction not started.
1.5 MLD STP proposed, DPR prepared, KIIFB funding, Imapact kerala is the state agency to implement, construction not started.
Shornur:..Municipality is yet to finalize a location and prepare DPR for STP, they informed that they are coordinating with Shornur Railway Station authorities to construct the STP together DPR preparation by KWA_ going on, land marked Thrithala are gramapanchayath has septic tank system provided in all households and establishmentswhich is adequate to take care of sewage; industrial and hotel establishments have STP or septic tank, as necessary which is ensured by Board.
7. Thrithala Municipality
8. Kuttipuram Municipality These Local /urban bodiesshall be asked to. submit the time bound.action plan for providing sewerage system and sewage treatment. plants in. their. jurisdiction to meet the standards prescribed by the CPCB The area of the. Bharatapuzha river which flows through 'Kuttippuram municipality only comes under. the. purview of this office jurisdiction. There are no illegal or industrial discharges in and along the river bank under this municipality... There are two SWMP sampling..points at Nariparamb and Tavanur from which monthly water monitoringis being conducted, and all the parameters are within limit. The analysis report of these sampling points from January 2020 to January 2022(2 years) are enclosed as Annexure 1.(No specific action plan required as the water quality is good and complying CPCB standards).
Short term measure of the above local/urban bodies shall be asked to provide Oxidation Ditches, Facultative Lagoons or any other appropriate treatment system to treat the sewage generates at present in their areas.
PALAKKAD Directions were given to these local bodies in 2016 itself and several follow up letters were also given. But presently all these local bodies have septic tank -soak pit system in all households and_ establishments which is adequate to take care of sewage until STP comes up wherever planned.
MALAPPURAM- NA The railway authorities (with reference to Shornur railway station ) shall be asked to submit time bound action plan for providing sewerage system and sewage treatment plants in their premises to meet the standards prescribed by the CPCB.
Till the full-fledged treatment system is provided, as a short term measure the Railway Authorities shall be asked to provide Oxidation Ditches, Facultative Lagoons or any other appropriate treatment system to treat the sewage generated in the entire Railway Premises of Shornur Junction Railway Station.
Shornur station has obtained CTO with the condition to implement STP within 31° December, 2021. But the project has not obtained finance sanction from the Southern Railway Headquarters at Chennai. Board will follow up the matter. District Collector had also directed the railway authority to hasten the implementation.
Kerala State Pollution Control Board shall carrying out monitoring of these locations for heavy metal quarterly for one year to identify.the source for taking necessary action to control it.
PALAKKAD During the first two year from 2016 quarterly monitoring and after that yearly monitoring iS being done at Pattambi and Kuttipuram. No presence of heavy metals were obtained in these two stations in 2019, 2020 or 2021.
MALAPPURAM No recommendation to analyze heavy metals as there are no such industrial discharges/ illegal discharge along the river stretches in Kuttipuram Municipality Kerala State Pollution Control Board shall ensure that the following industries take appropriate measures to comply with the consent conditions.
a) M/s APJ Grease & Allied Products, NIDA Kanjikode, Palakkad-678621
b) M/s APJ Refineries Pvt. Ltd, All these five industries are operating complying with conditions of consent. Monthly monitoring done by Boards surveillance team (for the Kanjikode Industrial area) in these industries to ensure compliance.
Kanjikode, Palakkad-678621 M/s Best Smelters , NIDA Kanjikode, Palakkad-678621
c) M/s Minar Alloys & Forgings Pvt. Ltd NIDA Kanjikode, Palakkad-678621
d) M/s Palakkad Rubber Pvt Ltd, NIDA Kanjikode, Palakkad-678621 The industries located on the bank of rivers Korayar and Walayar im Kanjikode industrial area including M/s United Breweries Ltd. Should be directed to maintain Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) system. The Kerala State Pollution Control Board should closely monitor these industries and ensure that ZLD is maintained.
United Breweries are not discharging any effluent to the river. They have implemented reverse osmosis and multiple effect evaporators to help maximum reuse of effluent and minimum discharge for irrigation.
The bacteriological pollution:has been observed. in almost entire stretch of the: river. In order prevent this, communities and villages should provide d with adequate sanitation facilities which should be hygienically maintained 'to avoid open defection along the river banks. Local/Urban bodies shall -be entrusted with responsibilities for providing adequate sanitation facilities.
Local bodies are implementing project under ODF, Take a break etc. in which every community and individual households are being given financial assistance to install toilets, scientific septic tank and soak pit, public toilets ete, In view of observation for the committee, the industries located especially at the bank of the river in Kanjikode industrial area..should:.ensure that domestic waste water from the.workers quarters located inside their premises is not discharged into the river. Kerala State Pollution Control Board shall keep a close vigil on these industries and initiate stringent action against the defaulting units.
Large scale industries like United Breweries, Saint Gobain, Kairali Steels, Indian Telephone industries, Precot Meridian and Patspin have installed STP. Other industries have adequate septic tanks and scientific soak pits for treating their sewage. Board has started a continuous Surveillance in the Kanjikode industrial area from January 2017 which keeps a close vigil on the industries of the area.
10Strict regulations to be implemented by the concerned authorities to manage the waste generated from hotels, households hospitals and to prevent the pollution of Bharathapuzha River.
PALAKKAD Establishment like hotels and hospitals are under the consent regime of the board. It is ensured that each unit has STP or septictank a necessary, based on their quantity of waste water. Households have septic tank system which is ensured by local bodies.
MALAPPURAM As per Annexure 1 Analysis reports, coliform contamination is below allowable limits (500 MPN/100 ml or lesser) as per CPCB standards for a river. No open defections were noticed along the banks of the river.
River banks were observed clean.
All that is stated above are true to the best of my knowledge informationand belief.
Dated this 20" day of April 2022.
7. Thereafter, this Tribunal had passed the following order:-
"3. This report only shows about the implementation of certain directions and the steps taken'supposed to be on the basis of the report prepared by the Joint Committee.
4. The learned counsel 'appearing for Kerala State Pollution Control--Board =(KSPCB)* submitted that the. °committee was constituted as per the directions of this Tribunal and they have conducted extensive study and prepared a report even during the year 2016 itself which was forwarded to this Tribunal and it is on that basis that the implementation is being taken by the respective local bodies under the motoring mechanism of Kerala State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB). But no such report is seen in the file.
appearing for Kerala State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB) When this was pointed out, the learned counsel submitted that she will forward the same today itself and e-file both the reports, namely, report of the Joint Committee and the report filed today through e-mail.
5. The Registry is directed to communicate this order to the official respondents through e-mail immediately so as to enable them to comply with the direction.
8.The case was posted to today for consideration of further report.
119.When the matter came up for hearing today, we have received an Inspection report filed on behalf of the committee dated 27.09.2016 and received by e-mail dated 26.04.2022 which reads as follows:-
INSPECTION REPORT FILED ON BEHALF OF COMMITTEE AS PER ORDER DATED 23"° MAY, 2016.
1.0 PREAMBLE:
By Order dated 23° May 2016, the Hon'ble National Green Tribunal (NGT), Circuit Bench, Kochi on Original Agplication No. 16 of 2016 (SZ) (Suo moto) in the matter of Suo Moto, the health hazards created in Kerala by pollution of water from Bharathapuzha River as per the news item published in The Hindu dated 18" January 2016 the Suo -- Moto application arises Va a} State of Kerala represented. by its Principal Secretary b} The Chairman, Kerala State Pollution Control Board ¢} The Collector, Palakkad d) The Collecior, Mallapuram ¢} The Collector, Thrissur has constituted a committee comprising of following:
i} A Scientist from CPCB
a) A Senior Scientist ftom Kerala State Pollation Control Board iu} A Senior Officer from the Department of Health and Environment of the Govi. of Kerala and iv} A person having speciality in Science and Technology of water pollution nominated by the Vice Chancellor of the Cochin University, 2.0 MEMBERS OF THE COMMITTEE:
The members represented the above committee from respective departments are provided below:
a} Sri S. Jeyapaul, Scientist 'C', Central Pollution Contra! Board, Zonal Office (South), Bengaluru b} Smit. Jayasree C.V., Senior Environmental Engineer, Kerala State Pollution Control Board, District Office. Palakkad ¢) Dr, Meenakshy V., Additional Director, Health & Family Welfare Dept, Thiruvananthapuram
d) Dr Ajayakrishuan K., Environmental Scientist, Dept. of Environment & Climate Change, Thiravananthapuram ¢) Dr. V, Sivanandan Achari, Associate Professor, School ef Environmental Stadies, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin -- 682022, Kerala, India.12
3.6 TERMS OF REFERENCE:
The terms of reference of the committee are as follows:
1} The committee personally inspect the area in question and submit requisite report to the Tribunal as well as the Clief Secretary of the State of Kerala and the Member Secretary of the Kerala Pollution Control Board it) The committee shall obtam samples for exammation of the quality of water of the river, effluents discharged by the industries, particularly, United Brewerie Ltd., Kanjkode West, Palakkad, relating to sewage and other domestic sewage discharged directly into the river.
in) The committee shall measure the water quality and analyse it as per the standards,
iv) The committee shall recommend the steps to be taken viz. preventive, precautionary as well as restorative, so that the water quality of the river does not deteriorate any further and however is restored to its onginal position.
The report of the committee shall be intimated to both sides, including the puohe body and the other local authorities, the member secretary of Centtal Pollution Control Board, the Kerala State Pollution Contre! Board and the Chief Secretary of the State of Kerala with a direction that the recommendation should be treated as per direction issued by the Board for preventing and control of pollution, 4.0 METHODOLOGY OF MONITORING AND SAMPLE ANALYSIS:
« The entire stretch of River Bharathapuzha and its tributaries starting from Walayar to Ponnant were monitored and water samples were collected at diferent locations.
* The major drains carrying water/waste water bemg discharged ito the River Bharathapuzhe and its tributarics were also monitored and iiquid cffluent samples were collected from these drains just before joining the river, * The industries located on the bank of mver Walayar and Korayar in Kaniikode Industrial area including M/s UB Brewaries Ltd., were inspected and samples were collected where the discharge from the industries into the river was noticed, 13 * -- All the samples collected were grab in nature and the sammles were preserved al the held iselfand sent to KSPCB District Laboratory Palakkad for the analysis of Physico-Chemical & Bacteriological Parameters and KSPCB Central Laboratory, Cochin for the analysis of Trace Metals and Pesticides, x The sampling and testing of samples were followed as per Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water of APHA, USA, 22" Edition, 2012.
5.0 RIVER BHARATHAPUZHA:
Bharathappozha River (otherwise called Mila} is the one of the major west flowing perennial rivers of the state of Kerala. It is recognised as the second longest river of 209 km and is having the largest river in terms of water discharge. The river has five major tubotaries ~ Walayar, Korayar, Chittoorpazha (Kannadi puzha), Gayathripuzha, Thootha river.
The annaal discharge of the Bharathapnuzha iriver is estimated as 3.94 km * is largest in the state as per ihe reported studies, The river originates mainly from Anamalai Hills of Tamilnadu. The river is having the third highest yield of freshwater equivalent to thousand million cubic feet (TMCF} and has having most extensive basin arta, Bharainappuzha originates in Anamalai Hills of Sahyadri mountain ranges on ihe southern side of Palakkad Gap and flows down through districts of Palakkad, Malappuram and Thrissur districts of Kerala and finally confluences with the sea at Ponnant.
Regarding the geographical features of the river, its origin and tributaries, the discontumily ofthe Sahyadn hills are only visible in Palakkad gap area (24-30 kan) where the height of the hills are only an average 144.0m. The hills in the left side of ihe gap area are known as Aanamalat Hills and the Aanamudi- the heighest peak of ponunsular India (269m) is a part of these mountain ranges.
The River Bharathappuzha originate from Aasamalai Hills at a height of 1964m and flows down through Pollachi in Tamihadu (as Amaravathyppuzha) and enters into Kerala with this name on flowing firther downwards. Bharathappuzha has a watershed / atchment area of 4400kmn' in Kerala and {786k in Tamilnadu. The river flows receiving the waters of caichment area consisting of Walayar, Akamalavaram, Dhoni, 14 The commnittee decided to carry ont Inspection and monitoring of River Bharathapuzhe and its inbutaries, the major drains joining the mver and indusiries located on the bank of river Korayar including M's Untted Brewaries Ltd. During first phase of the study inthe second week of July, 2016.
6.1 INSPECTION AND MONITORING OF RIVER BHARATHAPUZHA:
$ Accordingly the entire stretch of River Bharathapuzha and its irvbutaries, the major drains joining the river and industries Jocated on the bank of river Korayar including M/s United Brewartes Lid. were inspected and monitored by the committee in the first phase daring Tuly 12-14, 2016 as deciied in the preiminary meeting.
Palamaiakicusnu on the north of the gap end Nelliyarnpathy hill ranges from the southern part, Most of this hilly terrain has an average height of 900m on both sides of the gap. There has been a serious concern over the deterioration of water quality in Bharathappazha River Basin due to non conservative practices followed over the years. The present study was under taken to assess the water quality of Bharathappuzha River Basin.
5.1 BHARATHAPPUZHA RIVER AND MAJOR TRIBUTARIES Bharathapuzha river has watershed area between 10°25*-11°19°N and 7S°sa--
SSE, this extents and occupies in the Palakkad, Thrissur and Malappuram districts of Kerala State. The main tributary of Bharathappuzha originates in the Anaralai Hills in the Western Ghats in Tamilnadu and flows westward through Palalckad, Thrissur and Malappuram districts of Kerala, with many triltaries joining it. Bharathappuzha have tour (4) main tributaries that repivenate a large area of the riverbasin namely Gaythrippuzha, Chittoorpuzha, Kalpathippuzha, and Thuthappuzha. Gyathrippuzha originates fom Anamiali hills and flows through places and townships of Kallengode, Nenmara, Alathoor, Vadakkancheri, Kondazhi and Pazhyannur. Gayathrippuzha has many sub tributaries; they are Mangalam River, Ayalurpuzha, Vandazhipuzha, Meenkara River are Cholliyar. Chittoorpuzha starts from Anatmalai bil flows through Thathamangalam and Chittoor, Kalpathippazha is formed by the confluence of four streams Korayar, Varattar, Walayar and Malampuzha. Thoothappuzha starts from. Silent Valley hills with Kunthippuzha, Kanjirappuzha, Ambankadavu and Thoppanaduppucha are the major sub tributaries, 6.0 FIRST PHASE OF THE STUDY:
To discharge the duties entrusted to the committee by the Hon'ble NOT, Circuit Bench, Kochi, a preliminary meeting of the committee was convened at the Head (Mice v af Kerala State Pollution Contrs! Board, Thiruvananthapuram: on 24.06.2016. The comunitice discussed in detail about the field inspection and monitoring to be carried out in River Bharathapnzha and its tributaries, inspection of industries in Kanjikede and Shoranur Junction Railway Station areas, sampling and analysis of water'swaste water etc. with respect to Terms of Reference. The inspection and sampling of Bharathapuzha river is shown in the following figures.15
Altogether 19 river water samples were collected im the entire stretch of River Bharathapuzha and tts tributaries, The Physico-Chemical & Bacterialogical Parameters were analysed in all 19 locations and Trace Metals & Pesticides in 5 locations, AN these 19 sampling locations starting from BT to B19are shown in Map 1 as below:
we gag cesta} peter age Bret Ney i rn rn x . a a = _-- i ". n L ra 2 | Sampling Stations-of Bhararhanushs River . é £ x % BRM Q ; a Beene f Seen: Tens Seer BMP Fe MEE Me BSE BERLE FE Map I: Sampling locations in River Bharathapuzha and its tributaries 62 ANALYSIS OF PHYSICO - CHEMICAL AND BACTERIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS:
Tae testing of Physico ~ Chemical & Bacteruslogioal Parameters af sbove river samples were carried out at KSPCB District Laboratory Palakkad The Physico -
Chemical parameters measured are: Temperature, pH, Electrica! Conductivity, Turbidity, DO, BOD, COD, Nitrate Nitrogen (NQ4-N), Nitrite Nitregen (NON), Yotal Kjeldahl Nitrages (TKN), Fluoride (F). Chloride (CI), Sulphate (SQ.°), Phosphate (POP }, Alkalinity, Total Hardness (TH), Calcium Hardness (Cal), Magnesium Hardness (Mgh)}, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissalved Salids (TDS), Fixed Dissolved Solids (FDS), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Boron (B), Total Coliforms (TC) and Faees! Coliforms (FC). The above test results of water samples coUected by the commuttee in River Bharathapuzha and its tributaries are compiled and provided in the Tables 1& 2 and drinking water quality of Bharathapuzha River and its Tributaries as per I$ 10500: 20)2 for the Stations (BI- B19) in Table 3 below:16
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Na. Parameter : Acceptable -- Permissible owe) Bo : OS-S5 Novel aS
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~ BRdEd9 S HL SIS6.
"TCC RQ
-Cdimay No relaxation uy tole) No relaxation ee bee oe :
Nh relaxation G3 BBL OURO A t ation . Dreldtin (ug! © Dicofol Gag} :
»e BHC! ND nat detectable 19 DESIGNATED BEST USES OF WATER:
Sod Water quality 8 a complex subject, which mvolves physical, chemical, hydrological and biclogical characteristics of water and their complex and delicate relations. From the user's point of view, the term "water quality" is defined as "those physical, chemical or bislogical characteristics of water by which the user evaluates the acceptability of water". For example, tor drinking purpose i should be pure, wholesome, and potab! dissolved s¢ e, Similarly, for nrigation olds and toxicants shonld be within the limit, for outdoor bathing paihogens shall be absent and water quality is controlled aecordingly.
Thus, a concept of "designated best use" (DBU} was developed by CPCB According to this concept, out of several uses a water body is put to the use which demands highest quality of water ig termed as "designated best use", and accordingly the water body is designated. Primary water quality Criteria identified for different uses are presented in Table 4 below:
Table 4: Primary water quality criteria for varions uses of fresh water Designated Best Use Class Criteria "Drinking Water Source AL. Total Coliforms Organist MPN, 180m! shall be $0 or "without conventional fess treatment but after 2. pH between 6.5 and 8.5 disinfection 3. Dissolved Oxygen dme/ or more 4, Biochemical Oxygen Demsind 5 days 20 °C, 2g or less "Qutdoor bathing 8 1. Total Coliforms Or Panisin MPN/1Q0mi shall be $0 (Orgamaed) ar less
2. pH between 6.5 and 8.5
3. Dissolved Oxygen Smp'l or more . 4, Biochentical Oxygen Demand § diys 20°C, 3g' 'a fess 2 CL. Twal Colifor: res Organisms MPN Qa shall be $000 or conventional t irealment and less disintoation 2. pH between 6 and 9
3. Dissolved Oxygen dmg/l or mors ae 4. Biochemical Oxy gon Demand § days 20°C, 3inygl or fess
-Propygation of Wild life DY, oH between 6Sand8.5 0 and Fisheries 2. Dissolved Oxygen 4mz/l or more
3. Free Ammonia (as Nj
4. Biochemical Oxygen Demand S days 20°C, 2mg'l or
-frrigation, Industrial E Lp fi H bebvees 6.0 and 8.5 Cooling, Controlled Waste 2. Electncal Conduetivity at 25 °C miore mhos/em, "dispasal maximum 2250
3. Sodium absorption Ratio Max. 26
--...*. Boron Max. Zmgl :
"Below-E Nat meeting any of the A, B, C D&E ctitetia 20 i water quality cle water of Riv water quality data is processed to obs ve the waters From the analysis report provided in Fable FP & 2. the
- Bharathapusha and irs ihtaries are identified fur different uses and it is presented in 'Cable & below:
Table 3 : Designated Best Vee Vater of River Bhanithapamzha and iis tributary Saniple 1 "Chess: Designated Best Tse B2: Korsyar kuside NIDA B | Yrvigatioe B 3: Roreyar wt narnsiinba paras: 8 Outdoor t rath 5: Malampuzha Bs BIG: B sharathepuvha at Shotanur ' Befow Not BUS: Bhar cathe spoaha a at Kuttipyraim , Thad > BVP oChittarpozhe at Yakke ; RAS: Gayathe puzhe at They | BIS: Mang uy Hoservoit A JAannking Wate Karayar
- Bha arnihayen ahaa danvriver at Maugalam A conventional treatment but attes clisintectinns induste ial Cowling, Controtiend Ww pe Fi fOr Raised} mised} garni ay 8 Outdoor bathing (Org valr autiiow A&A Drinking Water Source wit onal treatment fat ater £6: & Kalpadu puzhs at Ka Eg sige abut at Pevhuumkars by idye a o : treatin ont and disiafexsion B : Outdoor baihit if (Organised) ing any of the ALLO RE E oritirta, ot Patt TTD 8 Oulde ing Water Sou _ conventional treatthent bu after distfeetuin Onitdaar tating (Or at Thrithata Aa asc:
> sing ation ourte: wither.
t frat a dis sini ise : A nt Water Since without 4 mons we UTS coreenti anal treatment frat afer disindectin ook RES URES AND RPIS CUS SIC Mealayar Gunter ts a tribvatary to tbo Ruoseacur Raver. "Mae saialyticald cate oi"
water acoryple colhsected to Wahayar Meseorod showes that Co fs choo woater cel voore-pen bleed ace thas praourieciog stati aete as a teagce fiche shoatine ner oubore weerdborkag statins her thin staeby. oka pase mie pei wearer cpaahity orinmcria, tins wate is chaasified awe "AC Thaoca yes: Bower ja Uaer tributary of Blalyys oprah.
Fae. (Ulse: seater sare tes croadhac nfo tn dowa kar Bliver tresicie INU?
tpllewrade: Prichaateixet o\rsa. ateanscs foe ther wratenr cpaadity fs wiarieacd xwedpb re fa TOO, ROS, Porat Clokifuenis corded PF Qaasiferms which are veporeext as 2.7 avigvh.. S4R o@et.
PECOna anche 2PO co "RIS PO nad vesprratiwale. "Pisie is xloa tne Gisedvage closoestian Ws stex awerterr Jus ches docchiuistries lonarect iat ther Qpstcnmcimt oe thee ris mahi, Domed oa pordyoacy weoter spaahity oriteria, Che wearer cpoatitw Palle Jaz 7 ER"
Sasa, Phe River Kiarayas at Marashapkiagusacn ts Goxcmsxtroaca the Cbus abomen pan drat ame tbo anadveios] abate Qi avnteo: sscerupede: ceotisnectaced faa thts aa thoes Whee Che river at rhs peatot ts qoatetive s ccbassgonase Clge2 ANISTON E Pre eit as Kies POO ae th pit im deopasvect C84 oye aoa Doral & Paecal (olitisrmas are less (20 && Sb Wie dO respeetive aXisaust Sl my syoatreaaoa est bivia pecdait. a mrecdon CPUC WANES Water ainch cain water oF Pustuchecry tara ame jokodgay rite river <Shass 7 moGeed. Che Rivur Kowayar ar IWarosiixcheguerace Ja ceeslagriancd ss ed core Necihere cperalitiy mcitimedla. Whe water cpaatity ato Fhicer Foorayear ar Naragsanmapihinetaiek tix thietherc dowinstrenrd te thc aloes goin is abwwost sina te btu xeposte rey, grenkery oeepat here frie point of the river is alse: Chassitveat as "WR. CF fer sure 6 or Lites carrying rain vacates ara marta rore otf of Wt sa Uiy NI-s iherek Farevcerias Eta. Asn Dosioundexd ations Uta. Toocwked im Rave} dooce fotastrial seca jeins pe the ary REPEAT ON Rd pros dyd.
Moabmopaatina Raescesoir is bo BY alarpeudie oer whdebe dea Shee monia. ncibucacy av eatpachipowba. This Reservoir is tee ee ered Sixes Oir pa Roxcate softies Phin botadcki Phx sever ard it provides a sy tht Balatlelcast aye jakebig 21 VE vii surrounding villages. The canal water of the Reservoir is utilized to irrigate the paddy fields of Palakkad district, The test report of sample collected at Malampuzha Reservoir outflow shows that he water 1s pure asd potable are quality of the water is designated as °A', Kalpathipuzha is one of the main tribularies of the Bharathapuzha River. Kalpathipuzha is formed by four streams, viz, Korayar, Varattar, W aleyar and Malampuzha. The test report shows that the water quality of Kalpathipuzha at Kelpathiis falling under "E> Class as the DO is less (2.6 men due to discharge of domestic waste water into the river from houses cated on ihe bank of the river in the apstream, The discharge of domestic waste water is furlher supported by the presence of Total & Faecal Coliforms (35 & 30 CFU/TO0ml respectively) at this point, The water quality of Kalpathipuzha at Pezhumikara bridge ig almost similar and falling under the same "E" category. Two maior drains namely Sanghwarthods and Chunnambuthara carrying domestic waste water along with ram water of Kalpathi village and a part of municipal sewage of Palakkad joining the river in the upstream of the sampling pornt.
di. The water quality of River Kalpathipuzha at Parli falls under "C' class though the overall water quality is better than the quality at Pezhumkara bridge except pH (repatted as 6.1) which is & cnitical parameter in assigning the Class for a particular use. Further downstream to this point, Chittur River confluences with Kalpathipuzha and alter that the river is called as Bharathapuzha, The water quality of Bharathapuzha at Lakkidi is designated as "B" class.
There was good flow in the river at this point during monitoring.
The water quality of Bharathapazha at Shorr is found below "I" class es the pH is found less (5,9) which is a critical parameter in deciding the class. Also the presence of Total & Faecal Coliforms which are reported as 100 & 70 CFU/1G0ml respectively, Tt is evident that the discharge of wtreaied sewage in the upstream of the river.22
Criteria for Priority Class : Monitormg locations exceeding BUD concentration 30 mail.
peee fi, Criteria for Prlority Class {1 Moniformg locations exteeding BOD concentration 20-30 mg/L fi, Chitra for Priority Class If; Monitoring locations exceeding BOD concentration 19-20 mg/L wv. Criteria for Priority Class IV: Monitoring locations exceedig BOD concentration 6-10 mg/L vy. Criteria for Priority Class V: Monitoring lecations exceeding BOD concentration 3-6 mg'L As per the above classification, only the River Kalpathipuzha at Pezhumkara Bnidgeis falling under priority Class V as the BOD at this point is reported as 4 mg'.
At all other points the BOD is reported as Jess than 3 mg'L. 6.7 HEAVY METALS:
Trace Metals were monitored in River Bharathapuzha and ils tnbntaries at Walayar Reservoir, River Korayar, beside NIDA, River Notayar at Narasarhapuram (after confluence of Walayar in Korayarh, River Bharathapuzha at Pattambi, and River Bharathapuzha at Chamravattont considering origin, middie point and end potnt of the river stretch before it empties in Arabien Sea, The trace metals moniiored are Cadnnem (Cd), Chromian (Cd, Copper (Cu}, Tron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Nickel (Ny), | Lead (P and Zine (Zn). The analysis report of Heavy Metals is provided in Table 6 below:
Table 6: Analysis Report of Water Samples of River Bharathanuzha and ils Tributaries for Heavy Metals . SE Source of sample NG:
(Foetal mg/t Mickel ymp/l bron neg/t Lead msg/t Ziae west nage pore Sanrple Lis Cadmien Munganese o| Chrominns ot 3 [wm sey Pol betel foo) sm.
mn me a we a fo = "
SD = ne HS BDL" 6 BDL 1030.21 BDL 447. 0.03 Swccion Lint CBE) ar GOP OO God dns 00s DrinkingWater Standsrd 0.003 00800803402.
Re 23 x. The water quality of Bharathapuzha at Patiambt is designated as class "B'. The water quality is good af this point with respect to organic pollution as BOD is 2 mg/L and the Dissolved Oxygen observed is 7.1 mg/L, But Total & Pascal Coliforms have been observed as 175 & 45 CFU/O0Gml respectively due to discharge untreated sewage from Pattambi town in the upstrean:.
xi. The overall water quality of Bharathapuzha at Thrithala is good as all the four erttical parameters Total Colrform, pH, DO and BOD deciding the class "A meet the norms and hence the water quality at this point designated as A' CASS.
xa. The water quabty of Bharathapuzha at Kutupuram is designated as class ''. The averall water quality is good at tis pomt. If 1s graded ag class "B ag the pH is slightly lower (6.3) than the desired range of 6.5 ~ 8.5, xin. The water qualty of Bharathapuzha at Thirunavaya and Chamravattom locations are good and the quality of water at these points are designated as Class 'A' as all the four entical parameters Total Coliform, pH, DO and BOD meet the ertterta.
xiv. Apart from the above, the water quality monitored in the tributary rivers of Bharathapuzha namely Chitturpuzha at Yakkara, Gavatriguzha at Thripalur, Mangalam River at Mangalam and Thooiha River at Thootha are meeting the noms of Class "A' water quality.
65 OVERALL WATER QUALITY OF BHARATHAPUZHA RIVER AND ITS TRIBUTARIES The water quality parameters monitored for the entire stretch of river Bharathpuzha and its tributaries have been subjected to statistical analysis by Student's -t test to determine true value for each parameters and confidence intervals based upon BI to BLY data and the values are given in Table 3 for reference.
6.6 POLLDTED RIVER STRETCH:
CPCB is identifying the river stretches as polluted stretches based on the concentration of Bios Chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)for taking appropriate measures to restore the water quality. Accordingly the polluted stretches are calegorized in five priority classes based an BOD concentration as given below:24
68 RESULTS & BESCUSSION:
= To River Bharathapuzha and its tributaries, the elements Cadmium, Copper and Nickel are reported as BIOL. Total Chromium has been found in the range of 0.06 - 0.09 mevL, Iron O12 -. 1.04 mg/h, Manganese 0.20 -
O.27 my'L, Lead 014-21 mul and Zino is observed in the range of 8.03 ~ $6.06 ngeL. The Total Chromium, Iron, Manganese and Lead exceeds the drinking: Water standards of 0.08, 0.3, G1 and 0.0L mg/L respectively.
6.9 PESTICIDES:
In the sarne locations where waee iietals were monitored, it was monitored for pesticides also. The pesncides monitored are Aldrine, Dieldrin, Dicofol, o-BNC, 3- BHC, OP-DDT, PP-DDT, o-Endosulphan and 8-Endasulphan. The anulysis repert i i ip ¥ p is provided in Table 6 below:
Table 7: Analysis Report of Water Samples of River Bharsthapuzha and hs Tributaries for Pesticides es © © &£ = 3 S i. 8 £8 $$ S$ BB BB =f F F oe 1 te S x . 7 ha "5 : Ps al Soe Le Cos rn4 = er oy nd ag : fol = § s 2 $2 ® £ 8 € = ££ = & Rite 28 * Se EF 3S 2 8 8 S SB ZF 28 885 SB AS FF 2 BB fF &£ & £ GF HF EE APE f OWalasar ° BY BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL: BOL BDL Bam : :
» Reservoir | :
2 Koaysr B2 BDL BOL BOL BDL ROL beside :
NEDA. bo es eget gest eesedgesctsdenggessngee : 3 Koayar . B3 BDL BDL, BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Nacasim -
hapuram 4 Bharatha Bll the puzha at Chamra-
> vationt Drinking Water Stuidards 'Bharsths BIS BDL BRL: BOL BOL BDL BOL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BOL BON Bor BOL £0.03 G02 --- | 80) ) Gor 4 ee ee Note: The Lower Detection Lint (LDL) for all pesticide parameters js 0.04 peed 25 O10 RESULTS & DICUSMON:
® The Pesticides Aldine, Dieidrin, Dicotol, a-BHC, §- BNC, OP-DDT, PP- DDT, a-Endosulphan and (-Endosuiphan monttored at Walayar Reservorr River Korayar beside NIDA, River Korayar at Narasimbapuram (after contluence of Walayar in Korayar], River Bharathapuzha at Pattambi, and River Bharathapuzha at Chamavatlomn are lound in Below Detectable Limit of 4 ue.
ye OIL DRAIN MONITORING:
The inspection and monitoring of drams carying the effluent and joining the r of Bharathapuzhe and tis tributaries were carried out, The inspection and samplang of drains are given tn following figures.
It was tounc out during the first phase of the study that there are about five major drains carrying considerable quantity waste water joming the river Bharathapazha and its tobutaries, The liguid effluent samples were collected from these drains for the analysis of core parameters like pH, TSS, TDS, DO, COD, BOD, NOs-N, NON ; Yotal Coliforms and Faecal Coliforms. The analysis report of efftent samples collected ftom these drains are presented in Table 8 below:26
'Table 8: Analysis Report of Effluent Samples Collected [rom Drams "St Source of Sample Ne. me BOE : : ~ com Box os So BH F ED 5 a i 8B EB y zh & ER ge pF BE Pf RK YL 8s pve 2S Sc GS 9 Ge Os ae GR B RE R 8 0 B 2 42 RE GRE i, Drain a BD, 63 12 MMS O32 32 14 2 BOL NT Nd > NaragimbapurainKanti kode west :
2. Drain at Kalpath BD, 76 ti 62 2446 22 23 BDL 20 & Palakkad . : : : : : :
23, "Tokens dain, BD T38 Sed di} 72 44 [AP BDL 3k 16 : Chunai abuts, : : :
4. 'Drain iainingriverat BD, 69 7 84 23556 30 05 BDL AG
- Shormur ee a 4, - Dean beside vegetable BD: 714 ABo3 TRON 68 BDL 2 ON | market, Pattainbt Note: Date of sampling for BD, is 12-71 hand noe aa wR 7206 6.12 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS:
a) The drain water which confluences with River Korayar at Narasimhapurarn in Kanjikode West has a BOD value of 14 mg/L and DO of0.3 my/L winch shows that the liquid effluent is contaminated with organic matter. This 1s the open drain carrying the domestic waste water oF Puduchery Panchayat along with rain water as it was raining intermifantly. Total & Faecal Coliforms are found absent, Dilution of drain water with raut water may be the reason far the absence of Total & Faecal Coliforms.
The drain sample collected at Kalpathi before it joins the River Kalpathipuzha has a BOD of 22 mg/L and DO of 3.4 mg'L. The Total & Faecal Coliforms have been reported as 20 & 8 CFL 100m! respectively.
The domestic waste water discharged from houses located on the bank of the river ig responsible for the organic pollution as well as for Coliforms.
The Shankuvarathodu drain in Kalpathi carries the sewage ftom Kalpathi and part of Palakkad Municipality join the River Kalpathi near Kalpatht Railway Bridge, Since, there was no accessibility to the drain near the river where it confluences, a water sample was collected in the same dram at Chunambuthara, The sample has a BOD of $4 mg/L, DO of 4.1 mgL, TC & 2/7 FC as 38 and 16 CFO/LO0 ml respectively, As it was raining intermittently, the town sewage was dilated with rain water. The concentration of BOD 3 TC & FC may have gone up had the sewage not dihited with rain water.
arm pane, The drain at Shornur which joins the River Bharathapuzha carries. the combined waste water of Shornur Municipality and Shornur Jurction Railway Station. The analytical data BOD (30 mg/L), DO 2.3 mel), TC (40 CRUAOOm!) and FC (20 CFU 00m) further proves that drain water js contaminated with organic pollution and Pathogens.
e) The analytical dala of drain sample comung from vegetable market side and foins River Bharathapuzha in Pattambi shows that the drain sample is ihe waste water of Pattambi Town. The drain sample has the DO of 3 mg/L, BOD 30 merL and Total Coliforms § CFU/LO0 mil.
70 SECOND PHASE OF THE STUDY:
It was decided by the Committee Members at the end of the fist phase of the inspecuion and monitoring thet the Shoranur Municipality, Shoranur Junction Railway Station and the industries iocated on the banks of the Rivers of Korayar and Walayar in Kaniikode would be inspected in the second phase to find ont the waste water ihscharges, if any, from above sonres Into these tivers, Accordingly, the committee inspected and monitored above places during July 28-29, 2016 and details of which are provided below:
71 VISIT TO SHORANUR MUNICIPALITY:
The Comnuttee visited Shoranur Municipal Corporation Office on Tnly 28, 2016 and met Mr. Sali LS., Municipal Secretary. It was informed by the Municipal Secretary that at present no Under Ground Drainage (UGD) system is available. There is no STP to treat the domestic waste water. The domestic waste water flows in the oper drain and gets discharged parily into the River Bharathapuzha and partly into agricultural elds. As informed by the Municipal Secretary, it is proposed to provide UGD system and STP under Urban 2020 Scheme. It is a 60 Cr project and DPR is under preparation now, 28 The area of Shoranur Municipality is 32.33 km" and total no. of wards present 1 33, The population of the city as per 2011 census is 43528. Out of this 20755 are Men and 22773 Women. The main water source of the city is River Bharathapuzha, Durng sumer months, the water is brought from Ottapalam and nearby areas throngh tankers and supplied.
12 INSPECTION AND MONITORING OFSHORANUR JUNCTION RAILWAY STATION AREA:
+ Shoranur Junction Railway Station is located at Shoranur, Palakkad District in Kerala. The station is situated at the junction of four major railway lines ~ the Nilambur fine from the north, Coimoatore line from the east, Cochin Harbour Terminus line from the south and Mangalore line trom the North-west. Being the eniry point inte the Malabar region from the af the state, Shoranur is offen referred as the gateway to Malabar, [t comes under the Palakkad Railway Division of the Southern Rathvay. Shorasur is the first railway station in Kerala to introduce clean train station activity, whereby trains stopping af the station for more than [5 minutes wo uid be subjected io mechanized cleaning and garbage removal.
i. The committee visited Shormur Junetion Railway Station and met Me, Satcesh Kumar, Station Manager of Shornur Railway Station, The purpose of the commiliee's visit was appraised to him, He identiied Mrs. K. G. Sindhu, Chief Health Inspector and Mr. Abilash, Junior Engineer (Works) te coordinate the programme with the committee members.
iii, There are 7 platforms. at the station for handling long and short distance rains. Platforms | and 2 mainly handles passenger trains originating from oe the station, while platforms 4. 5, 6 and 7 caters to long distance express trains. There is only a single terminal which is located towards the northern side of the station.
iv. An Intermediate over Hauling GOH) Shed is present besides the Railway Station. In pit line of JOH Shed, 24 coaches are washed both outsice and inside using soap solution in a day. The inter mediate overhauling is done a 29 Yable 9: Analysis Ropar of Eifiwent Sanryres Cotecetd fom Drains in Shorarur hunciian Railway Station Area Junction Rathway Stetiunttloede BDy}, the drain coming from the southern side af : Sh Source of Sarnyle = = ~ = 2 Da: ~ = = ro Be Sz ea = : 2 = a ead 3 a = & & ea cS a s : = ER be he ' toe! = me oe & ¢ xs Gam is A Bom Go € =: & F = = XS 1 BO, Ft {2 iPEG: ER. Be 4.0 09. 84° ORS VG 8 | Skormar entering :
fe B ery stator : : : :
2: anlway os BO. F. Pa: fe 2A OSS OLE: BA Le » Soutfy side of plattormn :
1 at Shomer ee : he :
30: ? thowest of BR. FA OEM iat: > Je GaAlAs Aas Ja: 8 : t Shorner "enna: ! :
Note: Date of sasnpling for the above saitiplos is 28,7. 2016 FA RBESULPS AND DISCUSSIONS:
The anahess restilis of samples collected at the ananicipal drain entering the Sheroaur e platform(Corte: BD) and another drain caming from south west sale of Raibwuy Bee Stadion ode: Bis} show that these drauss are orld polated with organic nuatter ancd coliforms. These drains fhaatby joins the river Bharathapucha. The map showing, sary ting locations af all drains starting from: Bt te BES is provides In Map 2 as below:
Sarophig Sidioas of Rharacho pica River Vi Wi i.
coach per dey. During overhauling, the spares are removed and washed thoroughly with water and repainting of bogie and underframe is carried out, Railway Quarters is also located near the station at an elevated fncation which is called as Ganesh Giri Railway Quarters having S36 heases. At prescot about 30% of these quarters are occupied and the remaining are vacant. Prom quarters there is no discharge of waste water as the toilet waste is channelized from each quarter and taken to common septic tank & soak pl facility provided tn the premises and the waste water generated irom kitchen & bath room is esed for gardening. = > The number of employees working in Shoranur Katway Station and TOH Shed are about 1200. The total water consumption for Railway Station, 1OH Shed and Railway Quarters is 22.39 Lakhs [tres per day. The waste water generation from TOH Shed and Railway Station is 43KLD.
Two nmmanteipal drains carrying untreated domestic waste water reaches the Riuiway Station, one each at north and south sides. The sorthern one conthiences with waste water generated in the station as a result of cleaning of platforms and toilets of on-going trains and discharged into agricultural lands located on the banks of River Bharathapuzha. The other drain of southern siie joims with waste water generated from TON Shed where cleaning of bogies is carried out and reaches the river directly.
oe. to monsoon season i was noticed during imspection that the waste water is dilated considerably and good flow of effluent was noticed from Goth these drains. The waste walter samples were collected from the following locations for further analysis:
8} Shoranur town mninicipal sewage before confluence with ralhway station waste water at northern side of the starion.
b) Sboranur town municipal sewage after confluence with railway station waste water at Arch Bridge.
e} Combined waste water of [OH Shed and Shoranur Municipal Sewage that joins from southern side. of the station.
307.4 INSPECTION AND MONITORING OF INDUSTRIES:
The industries which are located on the banks of Rivers Walayar and Korayar in Kanjikede Industrial Area were inspected by the Committee to find out the effluents discharged by the industries into these rivers as directed by Hom ble NGT. The inspection and sampling of the industries are given in the following figures, The industries vised by the Committee are listed below:
a} M's APT Grease & Allied Products, NIDA, Kanjikode, Palakkad -- 678621. b} M/s APJ Refineries Pvt. Lid. NIDA, Kanjikode, Palakkad ~ 674621.
¢} M/s Best Smelters, NODA, Kanjikode, Palakkad ~ 678621.
qd) M/s Kairali Steels & alloys Pyt. Ltd., 134/A, Kanjikode, Palakkad ~ 678621, & M's Minar Afaye & Forgings Pvt. Lid, NHOA, Kanjikode; Palakkad -- 678621.
f Ms Minar Castings Pvt. Lid. NIDA, Nanjikode, Palakkad - 678624.
g) M/s Palakkad Rubber Pvt. Lid., WUDA, Kanjikode, Palakkad -- 678621.
hy M/és Rubfila International Lic, SIDA, Karjikode, Palakkad --~ 67862 1.
Qo Ms Shasthaa Stects Pvt. Lad., NODA, Kanhkode, Palakkad 678621,
7) Ms Thiegh Ingots wt. Dte., NGA, Padussery, Kanjikode, Palakkad -- 678621.
kk) M¥s United Breweries Lid, Rantikode West, Palakkad ~ 678621, From the industries inspected above, the bqnid efhiont samples were collected only from the units where the discharge of waste water ita the river or discharge Insite the promises without treatment bas been. found. The analysis reportaf quia effluent samples collected foo these industries are provided in Table bQfa} and L030) belos.:
Table 10): Anaivsis Report of Etvcnt Samples Collecetd from Industries 2 REG Source of sangple Feed : ' baal . Nox mi oe 4 on a a Re = EAE oS oan ee 2 Oo oni ven EPP of M/s Patskkad > BYy-4 Pvt. Lad 1 oo: Swish p
2. w vt. 19 BOL "3 eri water drat United. Brewer} 90 PAYS, fad :
'4 "reared Bftluent-- OTERO Lagoou of MS > BI wb 27 BEL. United Breweries had :
3 | Psormestic Waste owaler from Minar Adeys & By 20 * a "Bis 78 GR 8 Bina Table Uxb)} Analysis Report of Rifhrent Samples Colleeend froni Mis Best Smelters Source af | : : :
Heavy Miaks Sample : .
&. ¥ :
# : FS i a = : g 3 4 (Bi "BS % be VE :
Be fees ae ~ Be Se £o 2 e a: 8S (Oo Bp om ENB = ac 2 : Stagnanr | } ee :
{ aternear ° BT, [7.68 i2 > ETP of : : :
| Best » Sreluers G8 P18.) 0.07 403) BDL @ Nate: Date afsemplig for BE & Blois 12.007. 2015 and for Bl, ~~ Ble ts 29.07.2016 31 B)
a) The map showing sampling locations of industries starting from BE, te BI;
in Map 3 as below:
73 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS:
A) M/s PALAKKAD RUBBERS PVT. LTD:
The industry is manufacturing Crumb Rubber (30 T/D) from Scrap industry is generating waste water of 120 m'fday and it is treated is provided Rubber. The in the ETP provided by the industry. ETP is comprised of Collection Tank, Chemical Addition Tank, Acration Tank -- 1, Primary Settling Tank, Aeration Tank -- 2, Secondary Settling Tank, Pressured Sand Filter and Treated Water Collection Tank. The sample collected at Treated Water Collection Tank(code: Bi;-b) meets the consent liraits for all parameters except for Suspended Solids (110 mgfL} which exceeds the Hinait of 100 mg/L. The analysis results are provided in Table 10¢a) dt. was noticed curimsz inspection that the waste water from hath rooms were fornnd discharged inte a srnall pond where ETP treated water were also fern joing there partially, As the industry is located on the hank of Raver Koarayar, there is every possibility of overflow of pond joining the river when there is heavy rain. Heese, a watersaniple was collected fran the pond(ecde: BF-a} and the sgaiysis ceport of this sample provided. i Table tifajshows that the coseentration of Suspended Salids exceeds the comsent Uouits (18S me/L against the limit of 100 ma/T.). As per consent arder for operation, the sewage. is required to be treated in septic tank and soak pit.
Ms UNTTED BREAVERTIRS LTB:
The industry is tnametketuring Beer of 180 RID. 1% genérates waste water of 374 RAD, The waste water is treated in ETP followed by RO. The RO Perimeate is reused in the process and the RO reject is treated in MEE. 'The salt generated in MEP is stored and sent to TSDP, As tefbrroed ty the industry, it maintains 21D and only surfaee ran olf generated during rainy season is discharged through statin water fine which ultimateby jos River Rorayvar. During inspection tr was reine mtermiltentty arid water was found flowing throwsh storm water drain. A water sample Ccode: Bl.-s) was collected from the storm water dram for firther anabysis. The ETP onttet stored in kigoon for farther treatment io RO was also collected Ccode: Bib} for analysis and the anabysis reports af both these sarnples are provided in Table 10{a}. The analysis report shows that both these samples meet the consent limits ard the quality of stormy waterids better than ETP outlet stored in lagoon.
Ms MINAR ALLOVS & FORGINGS PVT. UTRG The industry is focated on the banks of River Walayar. The unit is roanufactaring MS fngots 27 fYday There is mo generation af industrial waste water. Tt was found during the inspeetion thar domestic waste veater was found discharged in to the river. A sample (eode: Bis} was collected for further analysis and the anatveis results are provided in Vable Ma). The BOD is reported as 18.4 muah. which coofitime the presence of organic pollution due to discharge of domestic waste water. As per the consent for operation, the industry is not authorized ra 32 above.
discharge any waste water from ts premises and required to treat its sewage in septic tank and soak prt.
Mis APJ REFINEREES PVT, LTD.:
M's AP.J RefineriesPyt. Ltd. Is located on the bank of the Korayar River. This unit is manufacturmg light oil, diesel and recycled fuel oil from used of and waste oil. The industry is generating waste water of 8 KL per day from the process. The waste water is treated in the ETP which is comprised of Oi Separator, Equalization Tank, Flash Mixer, Tube Settler, Collection Tank, Pressured Sand Filter and Activated Carbon Filter. The treated water is used for irrigation purposes in the premises.
The industry was found discharging the hand and other washings of workers into the River Korayar through pipe line, A water sample (code: BIs) was collected from the discharge point for further analysis. As per the analysis report, all the consented parameters meet the consent limits but the industry is not authorized to discharge any waste water from the premises other than storm water.
Mis BEST SMELTERS:
M's Best Smelters is located on the bank of Korayar River, This unit. is mamuacturing Lead Ingots (1.63 T/day) from Lead Acid Batteries, The unit was in operation during mspection of the committee, ETP was not found in operation during inspection. Jt was observed very poor housekeeping and stagnancy of waste water around ETP area. A water sample (eede: BI) was collected from the stagnant area. Lead has been reported as 4.03 mg/L. against the consent limit of 0.1 mg/L. The industry has not created any facility to collect the rainwater falling on the roofof the plants to get it settled / filteredto remove lead, if any, as er the CFO. There is every possibility of surface run off carrying lead and contamination of river water, it was also noticed unhygienic working condition in the plant where Lead Acid Batteries were being dismantled. No proper ventilation and exhaust system has been provided in batteries dismantling room as a result lot of acid smell was felt im the working area.33
G)
58) D Mis APJ GREASE & ALLIED PRODUCTS:
Mis APJ. Grease & Allied Products is located adjacent to M's Best Smeiters on the bank of Korayat River, This unit is manufacturing |) Paraffin Wax G Tiday)
2) Caletum Base Grease (5 T/day) 3) Lithium Base Grease (5 T/day} 4) Wax OU T
-
(A day) and 5} Rubber Process Oil (8 T/day} using base oi and other additives.
Apart from above, the industry has got engaged in procurmg ermpty oi! barreis and cuttmg it info meces and sending i to scrap, This activity is being carried out in open area in the premises of ihe factory and lot af spillage of oil on ibe ground was noticed, A part of boundary wall towards the river side was found roissing. As the slope is towards river side, when there is rain, there is every possibilty of surface run off carrying spilled of! into the Korayar River. It was also fours thal wasie materials got dumped outside boundary wall that separates Korayar rive and industry, M's KAIRALT STEELS & ALLOYS PYT. LTD:
M/s Kairali Steels & Alloys Pvt. Ltd. Is located on the bank of Walayar River. This unit is involved in the manufacturing of MS Ingots (49 T/day) and Steel Rods {120 T/day} ftom Inperted Scrap fron, Sponge lron and Ingots/Billets. The mdustry has provided septic tank and soak pit for domestic waste water. The committee did nof find any discharge of wasie water from this unit to the River Walayar during inspection.
M's MINAR CASTINGS PVT. LTB.
This unit is located on the bank of Walayar River. This unit is manufacturing M.S, Ingots G5 Téday). There is no generation of industrial waste water, This industry has provided septic tank and soak pit for domestic waste water. No discharge of any wasie water from its premises into the river was noticed during inspection.
M's RUBFILA INTERNATIONAL LTD.:
M/s Rubfila International Ltd. Is engaged in manufacturing of Heat Resistant Latex Rubber Threads namely {}Tale coated ~ 8 T/day 2)Silicone coated ~ 3.6 Tiday and 3}Adhesive -- 10 T/day rom Centrifuged Latex, Acetic Acid, Clay and pe, 34 Kk}
8. Talcum Powder, Tits unit ts located on the banks of Korayar River. The 3S KLD af waste water generated from the process is treated in ETP. The ETP is comprised of Equalization Tank, Primary Settling Tank, Aeration Tank, bt "
econdary Settling Tank, Pressure Sand Filler and Studge Drying Beds, The treated water is reused to the maximawn extent and the balance is used fr 4 gardening as per consent order for operation. The committer did not found the o discharge of any waste water ftom the premises during inspection.
Mis SHASTHAA STEELS PVT. LTD.:
The industry is located on the banks of River Kerayar and it is manufictaring MS Bars, MS Rods, MS Flat and MS Square fom MS Ingots. Septic tank and soak pit have been provided for domestic waste water. No discharge of any waste water has Geen found from the premises.
Mis THIEGH INGOTS PVT. LTD, This industry is located on the bank of Walayar River and manufacturing M § ingots. There is no generation of indusirial waste water and septic tank & soak pit tive been provided for the treatment of domestic waste water. During inspection of this uit by the committee, it was not found any discharge from this wnt.
FINDINGS:
2) Based on the water quality data, the River Bharathapuzha and its tributaries are not polluted with respect to organic pollution except in one location at Pezhumkata Bridge in River Kalpathipazha where BOD is reported more than 3 mgiL (i.e, 4 mg/L} due to discharge of domestic waste water of Kalpaihi area and a part of sumnicipal sewage of Palakkad into river as this pomt in the river is located downstream to Kalpathi area. As far as pels river stretch criteria is concerned, this location falls under Pri iority Class "V"
as BOD is reported 4 me.
SS Bacteriological pollution is reported in River Bharathapazha and its tributaries m most of the locations due to discharge of untreated sew age 35 hy 4g River Bharathapuzba at Chamravatiom are found in Below Detectable Limit of G04 perk, Drain joming river Korayar at Natasimhapuram, drain joining River Ralpathipuzha ai Kalpathi, drains Shankavarathod and Chenambuthara joining River Kalpathipuzha at Kalpathi, combined drains coming from Shoranur Municipality and Shoranur Junction Railway Station joining River Sharathapuzha at Shormu and drains from Patambi Municipality joining River Bharsthapuzha are some of the major drains COMMIDULINS Organic as well as bacteriological pollution to River Bharathapuzha and its tributaries by discharging untreated sewage .
As tar as the effluents discharged by Mis United Brewertes Ltd, Raniikode West, Palakkad ts concerned, the industry maintains Zero Liquid Discharge (2LD) facility and only surface mn off generated during rainy season is discharged through storm water line which ultimately joins River Korayar, During inspection it was raining intermittently and water was found owing through storm water drain, The analysis report of water samples collected rom the storm water drain and ihe ETP outlet stored in lagoon for farther treatment / use show that both these samples meet the limits prescribed in the consent and the quality ef storm water is better than ETF outlet stored in lagoon, The analysis report effluent samples collected from M/s United Brewertes Ltd. [s presented in Table U1 below:
Table Hy Analysis Report Effluents Monitored fram M/s United Breweries Ltd, Ranjikods West, Palakkad SE Source of sample g --_--_ No. | 2 RB = a fa ~ ta. ee Se SB ws = 3 mx Of 5 Ze %S we a GE RM RE GE.
1 Stern waterdram of Mis Blea DP PCB | United Breweries Lad : :
2 | Treated Effluent storage i Bleb TS fag 90.97 BDL » Lagoon of Mis Unites Breweries Ltd Consent Limits S300 9 -~ 30 100 18 36 ¢)
d) e} ay directly info the river. The Bacteriological pollution level is low or mud due to dilution ofsewage with rain water, The Designated Best Use (DBU) of River Bharathapuzha and its tributaries water were artived at from the water quality data. As per this, River Bharathapuzha ai Shoranpur is falling below "E" Class due to discharge of untreated sewage of Shoranur Municipality and washings of train toileis, platform washings and IOH Shed coach washings of Shoranar Junction Rathway Station, The DBU of Koravar River beside NIDA, River Kalpathipuzha af Kalpathi and Pezhumkara falling under Class "FE due to discharges of domestic waste water from industries located on the bank of River Korayar and untreated sewage of Kalpatht Village and a part of municipal sewage of Palakkad into River Kslpathipezia The River Kalpathinuzha at Parh fills wider "C' category which is downstream io Kalpatin and Pezhumbara locations. The mmprovement of water qualtty at Parli is due io sell-
purification as there is no discharge in between Parll and Pezhumkara, The water quality of remaining locations of River Bharathapnzha and its iributaries are mostly falling under either "A' or "B' Class, The water quality of River Bharathapuzha at Chamravattom falls under Class "AY anc this point is the last monitoring point of this study as the river empties into Arabian Sea at Ponta aller same distance from Chamravattom.
Heavy. Metals Chrominm (Total), Iron, Manganese and Lead exceed the drinking water standard of 0.08, 0.3, 0.1 and 0.01 mgvL respectively almost all five locations namely Walayar Reservoir, River Korayar beside NIDA, River Korayar af Narasimhaparam (after confluence of Walayar in Korayar), River Bharathapuzha at Pattambi, and River Bharathapuzha at Chamravattom.
The Pesticides Aldrine, Dieldrin, Dicofol, aBHC, B- BHC, OP-DDT, FP- DDT, o-Endasulphan and §-Endosulphan monitored at Walayar Reservenr, River Koravar beside NIDA, River Korayar at Narasimhapuram {afier confluence of Walayar in Korayar}, River Bharathapuzha at Pattamibi, and 37 Two major industries generating industrial effluent located on the bank of rivers Walayar / Korayar are M/s Rubfila Jotermational Lid, NIDA, Kari Kode and Ms APJ Refmeries Pvt. Ltd, NEDA, KanpKode. Both these units have provided ETP and no industrial effluent discharges were found from these units.
M/s Minar Alloys and Forgings, NIDA, Kanjiode and M's APJ Retineries Pet. Ltd, NIDA, Kanjikede found discharging ts domestic waste water min river Walayar / Korayar during ifspection. As per consent, these unis should not discharge any waste water from their premises. The analysis report of samples collected from these two industries ave provided in Table 12 below:
Fable 12: Analysis Report Eflvents Collected from Mos Minar AHovs and Forgings Pu. Lid. And Mis APP Refineries Put. Lid.
St Source of sample & = . = = No, 3 = = _ a SM™ Ne we : ~*~ a ro] [oe ry. St = a = Ob 3 $e *% Ee} ee >} =~ y moe:
wo mo VES S@ mE Oe.
peal 4 xd oa a od i 'Ger oN 2 foe 7 H 1 | Domeshte Waste water dram » Minar Alloys & Forgings 2 > Sullawe discharge from API | Bi > Refineries Mis Palakkad Rubber Pvt, Ltd, NIDA, Kanpkade and M's Best Smelters, NIDA, Kanjikede were found discharging untreated effluent inside its premises as a result there was stagnancy of water. Both these units are located on the bank of River Korayar and bence effluent samples were collected from the stagnant points of these two tits. The analysis report af these samples are provided in Table 13 & 14 below:
Table 13: Analysis Repot of Efluent Sample Collected from M/s Palakkad Rubber Pet. Lid Se Source of sample:
: v t » _ & g&- ve 2 beg Oo: 3 Se % YE n ew OF BS Me Of 2: ETP outlet af » Put. Tad 38 Table 14: Analysis Repot of Effluent Sample Collected from Ms BEST Stnelters Source af Heavy Metals Sanne ° eee © : :
F a a : = /£ et 4 ER: é = co x a ' go nat cae '~ S 'Swe s ¢ 5 = bey now Re Re BH , Ge #D PS ¢ Be Be Bu & VS Ee a SL TEL: sa G BR ge = mt te SOS TE, ge To BAS Shs Se oe gSescee BF SS 8 Bow ma we BO eo foe eg B, 2 Pom S 8 S&S RP ER ENP Ew & ew EAS ewe EF SB VUE RE OE a a ryt Shienant > water near erpay «OBL 76 U2 2 88 HAS OOF aps BD OF 2° BDL BDL. ait.
Best ae : | | a :
Smelters :
4S.
83) ; :
Consent Limi! | a (a ec a3 TSS is exceeding the consent limit in the case M's Palakkad Rubber Pvt. Lid. And Lead inthe case of M/s BEST Smeliers.
m} The major polluting sources of River Bharathapuzha and its tributaries are Village Panchayats / Municipalities / Railway Stations and few industries in KanpiKode area situated on the bank of the nver, The untreated sewage is let it into the river by these sources.
90 RECOMMENDATEIONS:
i The local / urban bodies Jocated on the bank of River Bharathapuzha and its Unbularies are mainly responsible for organic as well as bacteriological pollution of the river due to discharge of untreated sewage into the river, These local urhan hodies are listed belew:
1.Pudussery Grama Panchayat 2. Palakkad Municipality 3. Kalpathi Village (part of Palakkad Munivipality) 4. Ottapalany Municipality 5, Shoranur Municipality 6. Pattambi Municipality 7. Thrithala Grama 'anchayat 8. Kuttipuram Municipality The above local / urban bodies have not provided any sewerage system 30 tar in ther areas of jurisdiction. At present, these Authorities let its domestic waste water inte the drains. During, monsoon period the rain water flush out these drains and joms the river. In summer period depending upon the flow the domestic waste water may reach the river or shall get dried up in the drain itself. In places like Kalpathi of Palakkad District where houses 39 located on the bank of the river are discharging their waste water directly into the over through pipelines, in view of the above, these local / urban bodies shall be asked to submit the time bound action plan jor providing sewerage system and Sewage Treatment Plants in their jurisdiction to meet the standards prescribed by the Central Pollution Control Board as given below in Table 15:
Table 15; New Standards prescribed by CPCB for Sewage Treatment Plants SL Industry = Parameters ==--Standlards for New STPs Now ; {Designed after notification a daie}* f | Sewage Treatment | ph | &.3~9.0 > Plant "Bob ng rs Ro . oe si 4 10 REE ee ah iQ oe Te <0 8 : PO.P, ng! 3 Note: These standards wil be applicable for dischar ge in water reemutces as well as -
- for land disposal, The standards for Faecal Coliform may not be apphed for use of -
treaied sewage In Industrial purposes, .
® Adkevements of Standards for existing STPs within 4 vears fron date of notification The loval / urban authorities shall not be allowed to pollute the Bharathanuzta river and other water bodies til they go for complete sewerage system and installation af STPs, Hence, as a short term measure these local / urban bodies shall be asked to provide Oxidation Ditches, Facultative Laguons or any other appropriate treatment systemt to treat the sewage generated at present in there areas, Shoranur is the first railway station in Kerala to introduce clean train station activity, whereby trains stopping at the station fr more than 15 minutes are subjected to mechanized cleaning and garbage removal. The waste water is generated in Shoramyr Junction Railway Station as a result of cleaning of platforms and toilets of on-going aus and discharged along with munict sewage mic agncullural lands located on the banks of River Bharathasazha, The other municipal drain of southem side joms with waste waier generated Ao WV, from ION Shed where cleaning of bowies is carried out and reacties the river directly.
In view of the above, the Railway Anthorities shall be asked to submit time Sound action plan for providing sewerage system and Sewage Treatment Plants in their premises to meet the standards prescribed by the Central Pollution Control Board as given in Table 15.
Tul the fudl-fladged treatment system is provided, as a short term measure the Railway Authorities shall be asked to provide Oxidation Ditches, Facultative Lagoons or any other appropriate treatment system {0 treat the sewage generated in [he entire Railway Premises of Shoranur Hunction Railway Station.
The Railway Authorities shall also be asked to submit the detailed action plan to manage the Solid Waste and Plastic Waste generated in Shoranur Junction Ratiway Station as per Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 and Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016, The heavy metals Total Chromium, lron, Manganese and Lead exceeded the drinking water standards in almost all the five locations monitored in Bharathapuzha and ss tiiutaries during the study. Hence the Committee feels that Kerala State Pollstion Control Board shall reinvestigate this matter by carrying out monitoring of these locations for heavy metals quarterly for one year to identify the sources for taking necessary action to control it.
The Kerala State Pollution Control Board(KSPCB) bas already initiated action against the following industries for the violation of conditians of Consent for Operation observed during the inspection of the Commiitee:
a) M/s APJ Grease & Allied Products, NIDA, Kanjikode, Palakkad -- 678621.
b} Mis APJ Refineries Pvt. Ltd, NIDA, Kantikode, Palakkad - 678621.
ce} M/s Best Smelters, NIDA, Kanjikode, Palakkad - 678621.
d) Mis Minar Alloys & Forgings Pvi. Lid, NIDA, Kanjikode, Palakkad --
678621.
e} M/s Palakkad Rubber Pyt. Ltd, NIDA, Kanjikode, Palakkad -- 678621 Al However, KSPCB shall ensure thai the above industries take appropriate mivasures to comply with the consent conditions, Vi The industries located on the bank of the Rivers Koravyar and Wakeyar ip Kanjikode Industrial Area including M/s Unrted Brewertes Lid. Should be directed to maintain Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) system. The Kerala State Pollution Control Board should closely monitor these industries and ensure that ZLD is maintained.
Vi The bacteriological pallation has beet observed in almost entire stretch of the river. In order to seevent this, conmmunities and villages shouk) be provided with adequate sstitation facilities which should be hygierseally Maintained to avoid open defecation aloag the river banks. Local/Urban todies shall be entrusted with the responsibilities for providing adequate sanitation facilities, hatte in view of observanan of the committee, the industries located especially at the banks of the river in Kanjikode industrial area should ensure that domestic wastewater from the worker's quarters located inside their premises is not discharged into the river. Kerala State Polhition Contra Board shall keep a close wigd) on these industries and mjtiate stringer! actus against the dcefhulting units.
im. Strict regulations to be huplemented by the concerned authorities to mamize ihe waste generated from hotels, hospitals and households io prevent the palhition of Bharathapuzha River.
10. The committee appointed by this -Tribunal had inspected the entire Bharathapuzha River stretch, on the basis of the observations they have made certain recommendations to be carried out by the respective local bodies which they found responsible for pollution of Bharathapuzha River.
11. The Kerala State Pollution Control Board was directed to monitor and to take action against the persons who are responsible for causing pollution and non-implementation of Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 etc.,
12. In the mean time, we came across a newspaper report published in "Mathrubhumi" daily newspaper dated 28.04.2022. It is also related to the pollution being caused to Bharathapuzha River at Palakkad District. It is seen from the report that the tributaries of Bharathapuzha River which originate 42 from Tamil Nadu namely, Palar, Nallar, Uppar and Azhiyar river carry large scale waste through which ultimately reaches the Bharathapuzha River causing pollution to the same. Azhiyar River reaches Kerala boarders joins Chittoor Puzha which ultimately reaches Bharathapuzha River.
13. They have also mentioned that waste generated from Ambarampalayam, Kottur, Anamalai, Vettaikaran, Puthur,. Odayakulam, Kaliyapurm and Subbegoundan pudur area reaches Bharathapuzha River and untreated sewage also reaches the Bharathapuzha River through the tributaries and other small streams. In a similar issue in respect of transport of solid waste and medical waste from Kerala and disposing the same in neighbouring Districts in Tamil Nadu, on the basis of the newspaper report, this Tribunal Suo -- Motu registered another case as O.A. No. 100 of 2021 (SZ) and in that case it was informed by the State Pollution Control Board that the matter being an intra-state issue, the Central Pollution Control Board has.taken cognizance of the issue and they are having discussions with the Pollution Control Board's, namely, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka in this regard and they are working out the modality for meeting this issue. Since this is also an issue related to sewage and waste being carried through the tributaries originating from Tamil Nadu which ultimately reaches Bharathapuzha River, we feel that this also can be considered by the Central Pollution Control Board in consultation with the high power committee constituted for the purpose of dealing the transport of solid and medical waste and to give necessary guidelines given as to how this can be prevented, so that the respective State Governments can take appropriate steps to prevent such mischiefs in an effective manner.
14. So we direct the Central Pollution Control Board to look into the issue and also give necessary guideline to mitigate the circumstances and to prevent 43 discharge of untreated sewage and the waste generated in the neighbouring districts reaching the Bharathapuzha River causing pollution.
15. The Central Pollution Control Board is directed to look into the issue regarding discharge of untreated sewage from the neighbouring districts through the tributaries of the river that originates from their area and reaching the bordering state as mentioned in the newspaper report referred to above and considering the guidelines framed to prevent the illegal transport of solid and medical waste and this question also can be considered and necessary guidelines can be given to prevent such mischief, so that the respective State Government can take appropriate action accordingly.
16. It is well settled law reiterated by the Hon'ble Apex Court and also various High Courts including the Principal Bench of National Green Tribunal, New Delhi and also this Tribunal regarding the responsibility of the State machineries in protecting environment as per.the mandate of Constitution under Article 48(A) of the Constitution of India. Further providing clean environment, as part of 'Right to Life' as enshrined under Article 21-of the Constitution of the India is also a primary responsibility of the State. Even under Article 51A (g) of Constitution of India, there is a duty cast on every citizen to protect environment and:the State represents the collective responsibility of citizens in protecting environment as fundamental duty.
17. The local bodies are also expected to discharge their responsibility of implementing various Waste Management Rules and dispose of waste generated within their jurisdiction in a scientific manner without dumping the same in the water bodies or in other places. Then, that will help a lot in protecting environment especially it prevents pollution being caused to the water bodies.
Stringent measures will have to be taken by them against the persons who are A4 violating the same. Several directions have been issued by the Principal Bench of National Green Tribunal, New Delhi in Pan India basis in respect of implementation of Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 and Other Waste Management Rules and the restoration, rejuvenation of polluted river stretches and those directions are also expected to be implemented by the respective States through its Chief Secretary.
18. So under such circumstances, we feel it is not necessary for this Tribunal to monitor the implementation perpetually and directing respective regulators including the Chief Secretary, State of Kerala to monitor the same will be sufficient.
19. Since detailed report has been filed and certain directions have been issued and that is being monitored by the Kerala State Pollution Control Board, we feel that there is no need for this Tribunal to. monitor the same perpetually, by giving certain directions and the final orders can be issued while disposing the matter by issuing following directions:-
I) The Kerala State. Pollution Control Board is..directed to monitor the implementations of the suggestions given by the Joint Committee appointed by this Tribunal dated 27.09.2016 and if there is any violations found, they are directed to take appropriate action against those persons who are responsible for the same.
II) The Kerala State Pollution Control Board is also directed to implement the directions issued by the Principal Bench of National Green Tribunal, New Delhi in O.A. No. 606 of 2018, in respect of the implementation of the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 and Liquid Waste Management, AS so as to ensure prevention of discharge of untreated sewage and dumping of waste in Bharathapuzha River and to protect the Bharathapuzha River from encroachment and pollution and they are also directed to take appropriate action against those persons who are not complying with the directions issued by the Principal Bench of National Green Tribunal, New Delhi in O.A. No. No. 606 of 2018 as directed by the Principal Bench of National Green Tribunal in several orders passed in that Case, III) ©The Kerala State Pollution Control Board is also directed to carry out the directions issued by the Principal Bench of National Green Tribunal in O.A. No. 673 of 2017 (polluted river stretches), so as.to protect the water bodies against pollution and restoration of the water bodies to its original position.
IV)The Additional Chief Secretary - Environment and Forest Department, Secretary - Urban Development and Revenue Department, Irrigation Department, Department of Kerala and also to the Chief Secretary to Government, State of Kerala are also directed to monitor the implementation of the directions issued by the Principal Bench of National Green Tribunal, New Delhi in O.A. No. 606 of 2018 (implementation of Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016) and O.A. No. 673 of 2017 (polluted river stretches) in its letter and spirit and if there is any gap found in the implementation at the lower level, then, they are directed 46 to take steps to rectify the gap by providing all logistics supports both financial and technical which is required for the purpose of protecting environment.
V) The Central Pollution Control Board is directed to look into the issue regarding discharge of untreated sewage from the neighbouring districts through the tributaries of the river that originates from their area and reaching the bordering state as mentioned in the newspaper report referred to above and considering the guidelines framed to prevent the illegal transport of solid and medical waste and this question also can be considered and necessary guidelines can be given to prevent such mischief, so that the respective State Government can take appropriate action accordingly.
VI) The respective local bodies are directed to install CCTVs in the identified hotspots where such things are receiving so that the miscreant can be caught and proper action can be taken against them. Necessary funds etc., has to be provided by the State Government, if any; proposal for this purpose is recurring without delay.
VID The Registry is directed to communicate this order the Central Pollution Control Board, Integrated Regional Office, New Delhi, Bangalore and Chennai along with the newspaper report referred to above for their information and compliance of the direction.
47VIII) The Registry is also directed to communicate this order
20. With the to the Chairman, Kerala State Pollution Control Board, District Collectors of Palakkad, Mallapuram and Thrissur and also to the Additional Chief Secretary -- Environment and Forest Department, Secretary -- Urban Development and Revenue Department, Irrigation Department, Department of Kerala and also to the Chief Secretary to Government, State of Kerala for their information and compliance of the directions.
above observations and directions, the Original Application is finally disposed of.
(Justice K. Ramakrishnan) Sd/-
ee ee ee E.M. (Dr. Satyagopal Korlapati) O.A. No. 16/2016(SZ) 28.04.2022 Sr. 48