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[Cites 15, Cited by 0]

Gujarat High Court

Hirabhai Shankerbhai Raval vs State Of Gujarat on 26 July, 2017

Author: Abhilasha Kumari

Bench: Abhilasha Kumari, A.J. Shastri

                   R/CR.A/689/2012                                              JUDGMENT




                    IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD

                                CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 689 of 2012



         FOR APPROVAL AND SIGNATURE:


         HONOURABLE SMT. JUSTICE ABHILASHA KUMARI


         and


         HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE A.J. SHASTRI


         ==========================================================
         1   Whether Reporters of Local Papers may be allowed      Yes
             to see the judgment ?

         2     To be referred to the Reporter or not ?                                               Yes

         3     Whether their Lordships wish to see the fair copy of                                  No
               the judgment ?

         4     Whether this case involves a substantial question of                                  No
               law as to the interpretation of the Constitution of
               India or any order made thereunder ?

         ==========================================================
                           HIRABHAI SHANKERBHAI RAVAL.... Appellant
                                          Versus
                               STATE OF GUJARAT.... Respondent
         ==========================================================
         Appearance:
         HCLS COMMITTEE, ADVOCATE for the Appellant
         MR JM BUDDHBHATTI, ADVOCATE for the Appellant
         MR RONAK RAVAL, ADDL.PUBLIC PROSECUTOR for the Respondent
         ==========================================================

             CORAM: HONOURABLE SMT. JUSTICE ABHILASHA KUMARI
                    and
                    HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE A.J. SHASTRI

                                       Date : 26/07/2017



                                            Page 1 of 54

HC-NIC                                    Page 1 of 54     Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017
                R/CR.A/689/2012                                           JUDGMENT




                                 ORAL JUDGMENT

(PER : HONOURABLE SMT. JUSTICE ABHILASHA KUMARI)

1. The   challenge   in   this   appeal   preferred   under  Section 374 of the Code of Criminal Procedure,  1973 ("the Code"), is against the judgment and  order of conviction dated 10.08.2010, passed by  the learned Additional Sessions and Fast Track  Judge,   Gandhinagar,   in   Special   Atrocity   Case  No.35 of 2008, whereby the appellant­accused has  been convicted of the offences punishable under  Sections 302 and 376 of the Indian Penal Code,  1860 ("the IPC"), as well as Section 3(2)(5) of  the  Scheduled   Castes   and   the   Scheduled   Tribes  (Prevention   of   Atrocities)   Act,   1989   ("the  Atrocities Act"). 

2. The   appellant   has   been   sentenced   to   suffer  rigorous imprisonment for life and pay a fine of  rupees   two   thousand   and   rigorous   imprisonment  for one year in default thereof, for the offence  punishable under Section 302 of the IPC. For the  offence   under   Section   376   of   the   IPC,   the  Page 2 of 54 HC-NIC Page 2 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT appellant has been sentenced to suffer rigorous  imprisonment for ten years and to pay a fine of  rupees   one   thousand,   in  default   of   which,   he  would   suffer   rigorous   imprisonment   for   six  months. For the offence under Section 3(2)(5) of  the   Atrocities   Act,   the   appellant   has   been  convicted   and   sentenced   to   undergo   rigorous  imprisonment for one year and to pay a fine of  rupees   five   hundred,   in   default   of   which,   he  would   undergo   rigorous   imprisonment   for   three  months.   All   the   above   sentences   are   to   run  concurrently.

3. The   case   of   the   prosecution,   based   upon   the  compliant at Exhibit 27, is to the effect that  when   the   complainant,   Hargovanbhai   Somabhai  Parmar was taking a bath in the backyard of his  house at about 9:00 am on 26.07.2008, he heard  Ravina   alias   Kali,   the   daughter   of   his   cousin  brother Dineshbhai Kantibhai Parmar, as well as  her   brother   and   sister,   shouting   loudly.   The  complainant   and   one   Savjibhai   Shankarbhai  Parmar,   resident   of   the   same   Mohalla   went  running   to   the   house   of   Dineshbhai   Kantibhai  Page 3 of 54 HC-NIC Page 3 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT Parmar   and   saw   that   Pushpaben,   wife   of  Dineshbhai, aged 37 years (hereinafter referred  to as "the deceased") was lying dead on a cot in  a bleeding condition. They saw that her throat  had been cut with some sharp weapon and her head  had tilted towards her right shoulder. The quilt  and   pillow   were   soaked   with   blood.   A   blood­ stained axe was lying under the cot. Next to the  cot and towards the wall, a driving licence was  lying   which   was   also   stained   with   blood.   The  driving   licence   was   in   the   name   of   Raval  Hirabhai Shankarbhai, resident of Vasai, Taluka: 

Vijapur,   District:   Mehsana,   who   is   the  appellant­accused.   On   questioning   Ravina,   the  complainant   was   informed   that   the   accused   had  illicit relations with the deceased and used to  visit the house of the deceased frequently when  Dineshbhai, the husband of the deceased, was not  present.   The   accused   had   visited   the   house   of  the deceased at 9:00 pm the previous night, in  the   absence   of   her   husband.   Some   time   ago,  during the festival of Dhuleti,  the accused had  hit   the   deceased   with   a   "Paatli"   (a   wooden  Page 4 of 54 HC-NIC Page 4 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT implement), for which the deceased had filed a  complaint   before   the   Vijapur   Police   Station.  Nursing a grievance regarding that, the accused  used   to   harass   and   threaten   the   deceased.   The  previous night, when the accused had visited the  house of the deceased, he had given an axe blow  to the deceased when she was sleeping on the cot  and   killed   her   on   the   spot.   Thereafter,   the  accused   had   left   the   house   of   the   deceased  through the back­door. 

4. On receiving this complaint, the investigative   machinery   was   set   into   motion.   After   the   investigation was over and sufficient evidence   was   collected   against   the   accused,   a   Chargesheet   was   filed   in   the   Court   of   the   Judicial   Magistrate,   First   Class,   Mansa.   As   the   case   was   triable   only   by   a   Court   of   Sessions,   the   learned   Judicial   Magistrate   committed the case to the Sessions Court. 

5. Initially,   the   Charge   at   Exhibit   7   was   framed  under Section 302 of the IPC and Section 3(2)(5)  of the Atrocities Act, against the appellant on  Page 5 of 54 HC-NIC Page 5 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT 16.04.2009.   Thereafter,   on   the   basis   of   the  statement of Dr.Nirmalsinh  Narendrasinh Rathod,  which   revealed   that   the   deceased   had   been  subjected   to   rape,   the   prosecution   moved     an  application   at   Ex.17   to   add   the   charge   of  Section 376 IPC. The application was allowed and  the Charge of Section 376 IPC, came to be added  on   30.05.2009,   vide   Ex.8,   whereby   a   revised  Charge was framed against the accused. 

6. In support of its case, the prosecution examined  sixteen   witnesses   and   adduced   voluminous  documentary evidence. After examining the entire  oral   and   documentary   evidence   on   record,   the  Trial   Court   arrived   at   a   conclusion   that   the  charge against the appellant stood proved on the  basis of circumstantial evidence as there were  no eye­witnesses to the crime. After discussing  the   entire   evidence   on   record   the   Trial   Court  found   that   the   chain   of   evidence   linked   the  accused   inextricably   to   the   commission   of   the  offence and proved his guilt beyond reasonable  doubt.   It,   therefore,   rendered   the   above­ mentioned judgment and order of conviction and  Page 6 of 54 HC-NIC Page 6 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT sentence that is the subject­matter of challenge  before this Court.

7. In   order   to   examine   the   veracity   of   the  conclusion   arrived   at   by   the   Trial   Court,   it  would be fruitful to notice briefly, the salient  features   of   the   oral   and   documentary   evidence  brought on record.

8. PW­1,   Dr.Nirmalsinh   Narendrasinh   Rathod,   has  performed   the   post­mortem   on   the   body   of   the  deceased. He has deposed at Ex.10. It was on the  basis   of   his   evidence   that   the   Charge   under  section 376 IPC was added. He has described the  condition  of  the  body  as  well as the  injuries  found thereupon, which are corroborated by the  injuries described in Column No.17 of the post­ mortem   report   prepared   by   him   at   Ex.12.   The  description of the injuries is as below:

"A CLW measuring 10 CM x 3 CM x 7 CM present  on left side of neck extending upward up to  mandible   and   downward   upto   to   clavicle,  laterally up to trapezius muscle medially up   to   involving   trachea,   esophagus   and   all  muscles.


                                   Page 7 of 54

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          R/CR.A/689/2012                                           JUDGMENT



CLW measuring 2 CM x 1 CM x 1 CM over (Rt.)   sterno­clavicular joint.
No abrasions or scratches present on genital   region or body." 

The   above   injuries   were   stated   to   be   ante­ mortem.   This   witness   states   that   the   deceased  had   been   subjected   to   sexual   assault   before  death;   therefore,   during   the   post­mortem  examination,   samples   of   blood,   nails,   axillary  hair,   pubic   hair,   vaginal   swab   middle   and  vaginal swab deep, were taken from the body of  the deceased and handed over to the police for  forensic   analysis.   The   cause   of   death,   as   per  the deposition of this witness as also stated in  the post­mortem report, is due to "haemorrhagic  shock due to cut injury over left side of neck  including   trachea,   esophagus,   vertebra,   neck  vessels, muscles of neck".   This witness states  that the external injuries described in Column  No.17 of the post­mortem report can be caused by  a   heavy   and   sharp   weapon   such   as   an   axe.   On  being shown the weapon of offence, this witness  states   that   the  said   injuries   could   have   been  Page 8 of 54 HC-NIC Page 8 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT caused by this weapon. He adds that the internal  injuries described in Column No.20 of the post­ mortem report could also have been caused by the  Muddamal   axe   shown   to   him   in   the   Court.   The  external and internal injuries suffered by the  deceased   would,   in   the   ordinary   course   of  nature,  be  sufficient  to  cause  the  death  of  a  person. He further states that the nature of the  injury   inflicted   on   the   neck   of   the   deceased  shows that more than one blow was inflicted. 

9. In   cross­examination   by   the   defence,   this  witness   states   that   there   were   no   injuries   on  the   body   of   the   deceased   to   indicate   that   a  scuffle   took   place.   However,   he   adds   that  looking to the nature of the injuries described  in Column No.17 of the post­mortem report, there  is a possibility of blood from the body of the  deceased being sprayed upon the clothes of the  accused. 

10. On   further   examination­in­chief   by   the   Public  Prosecutor, this witness states that the report  of   the   Serological   Analysis   showed   that   there  Page 9 of 54 HC-NIC Page 9 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT was   blood   of   B­Group   on   the   samples   of   hair,  nails,   pubic   hair,   etc.   of   the   deceased.   The  vaginal   swab   was   of   the   Blood­group   `A'.   The  Serological   Report   further   indicates   that   the  deceased   had   been   subjected   to   sexual  intercourse before her death. 

11. On   further   cross­examination   by   the   defence,  this witness states that the vaginal swab was of  A­Group   which   blood­group   could   be   of   her  husband.

12. The post­mortem report at Ex.12 corroborates the  oral evidence of PW­1 in all respects.

13. PW­2, Dr.Dharmisthaben Govindbhai Gosai, is the  Medical officer serving at Mansa Civil Hospital.  She was   on duty on 27.07.2008   when, at about  7:00 pm, the accused was brought by the police  for   medical   examination.   She   examined   the  accused after taking his consent  found that he  was conscious and cooperative. He himself stated  that   after   having   sexual  intercourse,   he   had  wiped   himself.  This   witness   has   issued   a  Certificate   of   the   injuries   received   by   the  Page 10 of 54 HC-NIC Page 10 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT accused, which is to be found at Ex.21. The oral  evidence of this witness is corroborated by the  said   certificate.     This   witness   has   described  the injuries found on the person of the accused  and the examination done by her, as below:

"General Examination:
* Bath taken after last intercourse * Scratch mark present over the left knee   joint about 4x0.5 cm in size * Abrasion over the lateral aspect of the   knee joint.
* Scratch   mark   over   the   left   leg   below  knee joint.
* Scratch   mark   over   the   right   stain   of  tibia.
* Scratch   mark   over   the   right   back   of  thigh.
* Multiple   scratches   over   the   lateral  aspect of the right side of the neck. * Scratch   mark   over   the   left   side   of  cheek and neck.
Local Examination:
No smegma over the glans penis. No tear of laceration around glans penis. I   had   taken   sample   and   sent   it   to   FSL   for   analysis which are as following.
              (1)          Blood


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              R/CR.A/689/2012                                             JUDGMENT



                  (2)          Nails (both)
                  (3)          Axil Hair
                  (4)          Pubic Hair
                  (5)          Salivary swab
                  (6)          Semen"

14. This   witness   states   that   the   scratch   injuries  found   on   the   neck   and   cheeks   of   the   accused  could   have   been   caused   by   finger   nails   in   a  scuffle   when   the   victim   was   trying   to   save  herself. The graze injury on the left knee could  have   been   caused   by   rubbing   against   a   hard  surface. This witness further states that if a  person is trying to rape someone and the victim  tries   to   save   herself,   injuries   such   as   those  received by the  accused on his  neck and  cheek  could be caused.
15. In   cross­examination,   this   witness   denies   the  suggestion that the said injuries, that could be  sustained   in   a   scuffle   were   not   found   on   the  body of the accused. 
16. The   complainant,   Hargovanbhai   Somabhai   Parmar,  has been examined as PW­3 at Ex.26. He is not an  eye­witness of the incident but arrived at the  scene of offence after being intimated about it  Page 12 of 54 HC-NIC Page 12 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT by Ravina, daughter of the deceased. He states  that  on  26.07.2008,  at  about  9:00  am,  when  he  was   taking   a   bath,   he   heard   Ravina   and   her  brother   and   sister,   shouting.   He,   along   with  Savjibhai   Shankarbhai   Parmar,   went   running   to  the house of the deceased and saw her lying dead  in a pool of blood on the cot, with her neck cut  with   a   sharp   instrument.   The   head   of   the  deceased   had   tilted   to   the   right   side   and   a  blood­stained axe was lying under the bed. The  bed­clothes and pillow were soaked with blood. 

At   the   side   of   the   cot,   towards   the   wall,   a  driving licence stained with blood, was found.  This   was   the   original   driving   licence   of   the  accused   and   had   his   photograph   on   it.   This  witness states that upon inquiring from Ravina  about the incident, she replied that the accused  came   to   their   house   at   about   9:00   pm   the  previous day and stayed the night, as there was  a   love­affair   between   the   accused   and   the  deceased. The accused   used to visit the house  of   the   deceased   frequently.   This   witness  narrates   that   the   deceased   had   filed   a   case  Page 13 of 54 HC-NIC Page 13 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT against the accused on the festival of Dhuleti  when the accused had hit her on the head with a  "Paatli". The accused, nursing a grudge against  this, used to threaten the deceased. The accused  came to the house of the deceased and killed her  by inflicting a blow with a sharp weapon and ran  away   from   the   back­door.   The   complainant,  thereafter, informed Dineshbhai, the husband of  the   deceased   and   the   police   regarding   the  incident. 

17. This witness was subjected to cross­examination,  during   which   he   stated   that   he   came   to   know  regarding the incident at about 8:30 am in the  morning and filed the complaint at about 11:00  o'clock,   after   consulting   his   relatives.   He  denies the suggestion that he was tutored by his  relatives regarding the manner in which to file  the complaint. He states that his house is about  three   feet   away   from   the   house   of   Dineshbhai,  and he could hear the shouts clearly when he was  taking a bath in his backyard. He further states  that he saw the dead body of the deceased from a  distance   of   two   to   two   and   a   half   feet.   He  Page 14 of 54 HC-NIC Page 14 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT denies   the   suggestion   that   the   licence   of   the  accused   was   found   from   the   quilt   of   the  deceased. He further denies the suggestion that  he   had   not   seen   the   accused   before   this  incident, though he admits that he did not see  the incident taking place. He states that he was  informed about the incident by the children of  the deceased. He admits that he has not seen the  accused   and   deceased   talking   together.   This  witness   denies   the   suggestion   that   he   is  deposing falsely. 

18. Ravina   Dineshbhai   Parmar,   daughter   of   the  deceased,   who   narrated   the   incident   to   the  complainant,   was   aged   about   thirteen   years   on  the   date   of   her   deposition.   She   has   been  examined as PW­4 at Ex.28, after the Trial Court  satisfied   itself   that   she   was   capable   of  understanding the questions put to her as well  as the sanctity of the oath and was capable of  giving evidence. This child witness states that  the   incident   took   place   on   25.07.2008.   On   the  day  of  the  incident, all  the  four  children  of  the   deceased,   including   herself,   were   at   home  Page 15 of 54 HC-NIC Page 15 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT with their mother. As there was a death in the  family   of   their   father,   he   had   gone   to  Ahmedabad.   That   night,   at   about   9:00   pm,   the  accused came to their house. The deceased served  tea  to  the  accused  and  took  some tea  herself.  Thereafter, all of them had dinner and went to  sleep.   This   witness,   along   with   her   three  brothers   and   sisters   slept   on   a   different   bed  and   the   deceased   slept   on   another   bed   in   the  same room. The accused slept on same bedding on  the floor. The door of the room was closed. When  this witness woke at 9:00 am, she saw that her  mother was lying on the bed in a pool of blood  and a blood stained axe was lying under the bed.  She started screaming upon which her uncle, the  complainant,   and   other   neighbourers,   came  rushing there. This witness states that when she  awoke   in   the   morning,   she   did   not   see   the  accused in the room. She further states that the  accused frequently used to visit the house when  her   father   was   not   at   home.   She,   therefore,  recognises the accused. She has identified the  accused in the Court. When her father returned  Page 16 of 54 HC-NIC Page 16 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT at   about   10:00   am   next   day,   she   narrated   the  incident to him. The police questioned her and  showed her the axe, which is the Muddamal weapon  of   offence,   which   she   has   identified   as   being  the same one that was lying under the bed of the  deceased. 

19. This child witness was subjected to stiff cross­ examination. In spite of her young age, she has  steadfastly   stood   by   her   version.   She   has  fervently   denied   the   suggestion   that   she   was  tutored  to  depose in the  Court  by  any  person,  including   her   father.   She   has   denied   the  suggestion   that   she   has   not   stated   certain  things in her deposition that the has stated in  her   statement   before   the   police.   This   witness  has   reiterated   that   she   has   previously   stated  that the accused came to her house at 9 o'clock  at   night   and   that   she   had   not   stated   that   he  slept on the  bed. She  has  further  denied  that  she has not stated that the axe was lying under  the   bed.   This   witness   further   states   that   she  has not `seen the incident taking place and adds  that she is not accustomed to awaking at night. 



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She further states that nobody knows where her  father   used   to   keep   the   axe.   She   denies   the  suggestion   outright   that   the   accused   had   not  come   to   her   house   and   that   she   is   stating  falsely.

20. The   husband   of   the   deceased,   Dineshbhai  Kantibhai Parmar, has been examined as PW­5 at  Ex.29. He states that he was not present at home  on   the   day   of   the   incident   as   he   had   gone   to  Ahmedabad,   on   account   of   the   death   of   a  relative. He was informed of the incident by his  aunt, Champaben, at Ahmedabad, who had received  a   telephone   call   regarding   the   death   of   his  wife. When he came home the next morning, he saw  his wife lying dead on the cot with her neck cut  and   the   pillow   soaked   with   blood.   Upon   asking  his daughter, Ravina regarding the incident, he  was  informed  that the  accused had  come to the  house   the   previous   night   at   9:00   pm.   The  deceased   had   made   tea   for   him   and   given   him  food. The deceased and the accused were talking  and   there   was   an   altercation   between   them.  Thereafter, the children went to sleep and the  Page 18 of 54 HC-NIC Page 18 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT accused slept on the ground under the cot of the  deceased. When PW­4 got up in the morning, she  saw  the  dead  body of the  deceased  and  started  shouting.   This   witness   was   informed   by   his  daughter   that   the   accused   had   killed   the  deceased. He states that the blood­stained axe  was lying on the side of the bed and the driving  licence   of   the   accused   was   also   lying   there.  This witness states that the accused knew that  the deceased belonged to a Scheduled Caste. He  states  that he came  to  know  from his  daughter  that   the   accused   used   to   visit   his   house  frequently   in   his   absence   and   talk   to   the  deceased.   This   witness   further   states   that   on  one   occasion,   he   had   followed   his   wife   the  deceased and seen her with the accused who, upon  seeing him, ran away. On Dhuleti day, when the  deceased came home, he had seen that she had an  injury   on   her   forehead.   Upon   asking,   she  informed him that the accused had hit her with a  "Paatli". The deceased had filed a compliant in  the Mansa Police Station in this   regard. Even  after   this   incident,   the   accused   continued   to  Page 19 of 54 HC-NIC Page 19 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT visit the house of the deceased. 

21. In   cross­examination,   this   witness   states   that  the   fact   that   the   accused   used   to   visit   the  house   of   the   deceased   was   hidden   by   her   from  him.  He  further  states  that  he  was  aware  that  his   wife   had   an   illicit   relationship   with   the  accused. He denies the suggestion that he used  to beat the deceased on account of this or there  were   quarrels   between   him   and   the   deceased  regarding this. This witness further states that  in the case under the Atrocities Act, filed by  the deceased against the accused, the latter was  acquitted   and   no   appeal   was   filed   by   the  deceased   against   the   decision.   This   witness  denies the suggestion that the deceased had kept  the licence with the photograph of the accused  with   her   before   the   date   of   the   incident.   He  admits the fact that he is not an eye­witness to  the incident. 

22. From the testimony of this witness, who is the  husband   of   the   deceased,   the   aspect   of   the  illicit   relationship   of   the   deceased   with   the  Page 20 of 54 HC-NIC Page 20 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT accused is brought out. 

23. PW­6,   Jayantibhai   Ambalal   Patel,   is   the   Panch  witness of the Panchnama of the Scene of Offence  (Ex.34). It emerges from his testimony that the  house   of   the   deceased   consisted   of   one   room  only. The dead body of the deceased was lying on  one cot on a quilt which was blood­soaked. There  was a stool on which mattresses and clothes were  kept. There were blood­stains on the clothes as  well  as  on  the mattresses. The  walls  near the  cot of the deceased were blood­stained. Even the  barrel   used   for   storing   food­grains   had   blood  stains   on   it.   The   driving   licence   with   the  photograph of the accused, which was found lying  near the cot was also stained with blood. 

24. The description of the scene of offence as given  the Panchnama corroborates the oral testimony of  the complainant in this regard. 

25. PW­7 Becharbhai Chhaganbhai Parmar is the Panch  witness regarding the seizure of the shirt worn  by the daughter of the deceased at the time of  the   incident.   His   deposition   is   at   Ex.36. 



                                  Page 21 of 54

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              R/CR.A/689/2012                                          JUDGMENT



Natwarbhai   Atmaram   Parmar,   who   is   a   Panch  witness  of  the seizure  of  the clothes  worn  by  the  deceased  at  the  time  of  the  deceased, has  been examined as PW­8 at Ex.39. He has supported  the   case   of   the   prosecution.   PW­9,   Bhalabhai  Maghabhai   Raval   is   the   Panch   witness   of   the  Arrest Panchnama, whose deposition can be found  at Ex.43. He has stated that on 27.07.2008, he  was called to the Mansa Police Station and found  one  person  in  the custody  of  the police.  This  person   was   questioned   in   the   presence   of   the  Panch witnesses. He disclosed that his name is  Hirabhai   Raval   (the   accused).   This   witness  describes the clothes worn by the accused, which  were   seized   by   the   police.   This   witness   also  states   that   he   has   signed   upon   the   Arrest  Panchnama   (Ex.44).   He   has   identified   his  signatures   on   the   slips   that   were   inserted   in  the   sealed   box   containing   the   clothes   of   the  accused.   This   witness   has   proved   the   Arrest  Panchnama at Ex.44.

26. PW­10 Vinodchandra Kantilal Tanna, Circle Police  Inspector, has prepared the map of the scene of  Page 22 of 54 HC-NIC Page 22 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT offence. He has deposed at Ex.47. The map is at  Ex.48   and   illustrates   the   placement   of   the  furniture and household goods contained in the  one­room   house   of   the   deceased.   It   also   shows  the placement of the weapon of offence. 

27. PW­11 Jasubhai Manilal Chaudhary is the Taluka  Development   Officer   who   has   issued   the   Caste  Certificate to the deceased. His deposition is  at Ex.49. He states that he has issued the Caste  Certificate to the deceased who belongs to the  Hindu   Chamar   caste.   The   Caste   Certificate   has  been  produced  at  Ex.50  and has  been proved  by  this witness.

28. PW­12   Kishore   Arvindkumar   Sharma   is   the  Scientific   Officer   who   visited   the   scene   of  offence. He has taken away certain articles from  there   in   the   presence   of   Panch   witness   for  sending   them   for   forensic   analysis.   His  deposition is to be found at Ex.53.

29. PW­13 Vinubhai Khimabhai Delvadia is the Police  Station Officer who has lodged   the FIR. PW­14  Popatji   Pratapji   Chavda   is   the   Police   Officer  Page 23 of 54 HC-NIC Page 23 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT who   received   the   telephonic   information  regarding the incident and noted it down in the  Station House Diary. PW­15 Manuji Jawanji is the  Police Station Officer who produced the "Janwa  Jog"   register.   These   are   formal   witnesses   and  nothing much turns upon their depositions.

30. The   Investigating   Officer   Bakulbhai   Haribhai  Gameti, has been examined as PW­16 at Ex.66. He  describes the scene when he arrived at the place  of incident. He states that the Panchnama of the  Scene of Offence was drawn up in the presence of  Panch   witness.   There   were   blood­stains   on   the  wall   and   samples   were   taken   for   examination.  There were stains of blood on the floor as well.  The   control   sample   and   blood­stained   samples  were   taken   from   a   distance   of   two   feet   for  forensic examination. The blood­stained axe was  also   sent   for   examination.   The   procedural  formalities followed by this witness have been  described   and   it   has   been   stated   that   he   has  taken   statements   of   concerned   persons.   This  witness states that he was informed by the child  witness   that   there   was   a   quarrel   between   the  Page 24 of 54 HC-NIC Page 24 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT accused and the deceased. The first statement to  be taken by him was that of the child witness.  He further states that after the filing of the  first Chargesheet, it was found that the accused  had committed rape on the deceased, which fact  emerged from the evidence of the doctor. 

31. The Serological Report of the Forensic Science  Analysis is at Ex.72. The nails, axillary hair  and pubic hair of the deceased showed signs of  human blood of B­Group. The vaginal swab of the  deceased   showed   the   presence   of   semen   of   A­ Group. The shirt worn by the accused at the time  of the incident showed the stains of human blood  of   B­Group,   which   is   the   blood­group   of   the  deceased. The petticoat worn by the deceased at  the time of the incident showed semen stains of  A­Group,   which   is   the   blood­group   of   the  accused. The driving licence found lying on the  floor at the spot showed the presence of blood  of   B­Group,   which   is   the   blood­group   of   the  deceased. The axe also showed signs of the blood  of B­Group as also the mattresses on the bed of  the   deceased.   The   blouse   and   petticoat   of   the  Page 25 of 54 HC-NIC Page 25 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT deceased were also soaked with the blood of B­ Group.   Further,   the   petticoat   of   the   deceased  had semen stains of A­Group, the blood­group of  the accused.

32. The   above,   therefore,   is   the   oral   and  documentary   evidence   on   record,   after   the  evaluation and appreciation of which the Trial  Court   concluded   that   the   charge   against   the  accused is proved beyond reasonable doubt. 

33. In   the   background   of   the   above   evidence,  Mr.J.M.Buddhbhatti,   learned   counsel   for   the  appellant, has submitted as follows:

1) No offence under the Atrocities Act is  made out against the appellant. The deceased and  the   appellant   belonged   to   the   same   community,  therefore   the   charge   under   the   Atrocities   Act  cannot be sustained.
2) The offence under Section 376 of the IPC  is not made out against the appellant. There was  a   love­affair   and   illicit   relationship   between  the   appellant   and   the   deceased.   There   was   no  Page 26 of 54 HC-NIC Page 26 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT enmity  between them. In the  case filed by the  deceased   under   the   Atrocities   Act   against   the  appellant,   the   appellant   was   acquitted,   as   is  evident from the evidence of PW­5, the husband  of the deceased. As there was no enmity between  the   appellant   and   the   deceased,   no   motive  existed for the appellant to kill the deceased. 

Merely   because   the   driving   licence   of   the  appellant   was   found   at   the   place   of   the  incident,   it   cannot   be   assumed   that   the  appellant   is   the   perpetrator   of   the   crime.  Though it may be considered as an incriminating  circumstance, however, it does not connect the  appellant with the commission of the offence.

3) The weapon of offence was not sent for  fingerprint   analysis,   therefore,   it   cannot   be  said that it was used by the appellant to commit  the crime. 

4) The   evidence   on   record   makes   it   clear  that the house of the deceased consisted of only  one room. All four children of the deceased were  sleeping in that  room.  No  man would commit  an  Page 27 of 54 HC-NIC Page 27 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT act   of   rape   and   murder   in   such   circumstances.  Any movement from the appellant would have woken  up   the   children,   therefore,   the   story   of   the  prosecution is highly improbable.

5) There is no conclusive evidence to prove  who   killed   the   deceased.   The   Investigating  Officer   did   not   take   any   samples   for   analysis  from   the   husband   of   the   deceased.   It   is   not  known what the blood group of the husband of the  deceased is, therefore, without ruling out all  possibilities   the   liability   regarding   the  commission of the crime cannot be fastened upon  the appellant.

6) The   injury   on   the   person   of   the  appellant  has  been  denied  by  him.  It  has  been  mentioned in the Arrest Panchnama that there was  a simple scratch mark on the left cheek of the  accused   and   his   right   leg   was   grazed.   The  explanation   of   the   accused   in   the   Arrest  Panchnama   is   that   he   sustained   these   injuries  from the thorn bushes when was trying to escape  from the police. Such injuries cannot implicate  Page 28 of 54 HC-NIC Page 28 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT the accused in the commission of the offence. 

7) No reliable and trustworthy evidence has  been   produced   by   the   prosecution   in   order   to  connect   the   accused   to   the   commission   of   the  crime, therefore, the benefit of doubt deserves  to be given to the appellant.

34. In   support   of   the   above   submissions,   learned  counsel   for   the   appellant   has   placed   reliance  upon the following judgments:

                  (i)      Naresh   Kumar   v.   The   State   of  
                  Maharashtra - AIR 1980 SC 1168

                  (ii)     Baldev Singh v. State of Haryana - 
                  AIR 2009 SC 963

                  (iii)    Subhash   Chand   v.   State   of  
                  Rajasthan - (2002)1 SCC 702

                  (iv)       Raj   Kumar   Singh   alias   Raju   alias  

Batya  v.   State   of   Rajasthan   -  AIR  2013   SC  3150

(v) Sujit   Biswas   v.   State   of   Assam   -  

AIR 2013 SC 3817

35. Per   contra,   Mr.Ronak   Raval,   learned   Additional  Public   Prosecutor,   has   strongly   contended   that  in the present case, the chain of circumstances  Page 29 of 54 HC-NIC Page 29 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT against   the   accused   is   complete.   He   has  submitted   that   Ravina,   the   child   witness   and  daughter   of   the   deceased   has   stated   in   her  deposition that, on the night of the incident,  the deceased was sleeping on one cot whereas the  four children of the deceased were sleeping on  another   cot.   The   accused   was   sleeping   on   the  floor.   The   accused   was,   therefore,   present   at  the house of the deceased when she was last seen  alive. The original licence of the accused with  his photograph on it was found near the bed on  which the deceased was killed. Human blood of B­ Group, which is the blood group of the deceased,  was   found   on   licence.   This   incriminating  circumstance was put to the accused but he could  give   no   explanation   in   his   statement   under  Section  313 of the  Code and  merely  denied the  same. It is not the case of the accused that he  was   at   another   place   at   the   time   when   the  incident took place. It is further stated that  the conduct of the accused also points towards  his guilt. It is stated in the Arrest Panchnama  at   Ex.44   that   the   accused   ran   away   from   the  Page 30 of 54 HC-NIC Page 30 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT police and the explanation given by him for the  scratches   found   on   his   cheek   and   graze   mark  found   on   his   right   knee   (though   the   medical  evidence   states   left   knee)   is   not   convincing.  Had   the   accused   not   been   involved   in   the  commission of the offence, there was no reason  for him to run away.

36. Learned   Additional   Public   Prosecutor   has  submitted that the blood of B­Group (belonging  to the deceased) was found on the shirt of the  accused which was seized upon his arrest. Even  when he was arrested, the shirt had dried blood­ stains   on   it,   which   is   noted   in   the   Arrest  Panchnama. The weapon of offence, that is, axe,  the   pillow   and   quilt   on   the   bed   on   which   the  deceased was found dead, were soaked with blood  belonging   to   B­Group.   Thus,   all   the  circumstances   pieced   together,   form   a   complete  chain,   which   point   only   to   the   guilt   of   the  appellant   and   no   other   person.   Besides,   PW­2,  Dr.Dharmisthaben   Govindbhai   Gosai,   has   also  described   the   injuries   on   the   person   of   the  accused and has stated that the graze injury on  Page 31 of 54 HC-NIC Page 31 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT left knee and the scratch marks on neck of the  appellant   could   have   been   caused   due   to   the  scuffle that took place at the time when he was  committing rape on the deceased.  The doctor has  further stated that the graze mark on the left  knee of the appellant could have been caused due  to scraping against a hard surface. The factum  of sexual assault on the deceased is proved by  medical evidence.

37. It   is   further   submitted   by   the   learned  Additional Public Prosecutor that all the Panch  Witnesses   have   supported   their   respective  Panchnamas.   The   report   of   the   FSL   and   the  Serological Report prove that the blood of the  deceased   was   found   on   the   clothes   of   the  appellant. The semen of the appellant was found  in the vaginal swab taken from the body of the  deceased. 

38. It is further submitted that the Trial Court has  properly   analyzed   all   the   incriminating  circumstances   against   the   appellant   and   has  taken   into   consideration   the   aspect   that   all  Page 32 of 54 HC-NIC Page 32 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT these circumstances, put together, form a chain  that inevitably points out to the guilt of the  appellant.   The   findings   and   the   conclusion  arrived   at   by   the   Trial   Court,   therefore,   may  not   be   disturbed   and   the   judgment   may   be  confirmed.

39. Learned Additional Public Prosecutor has relied  upon a judgment of the Supreme Court in the case  of  Gajanan   Dashrath   Kharate   v.   State   of   Maharashtra   -   (2016)4   SCC   604,   by   submitting  that   under   Section   106   of   the   Evidence   Act,  1872, when any fact is within the knowledge of  any person, the burden of proving that fact is  upon him. In the present case, the appellant has  not   discharged   that   onus   of   by   explaining  satisfactorily how his licence came to be found  at the place of the incident. 

40. In   view   of   the   above   submissions,   it   is  submitted that the appeal be dismissed.

41. This   Court   has   heard   learned   counsel   for   the  respective   parties   at   length   and   given  thoughtful   consideration   to   the   material   on  Page 33 of 54 HC-NIC Page 33 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT record as well as the respective submissions.

42. There is no doubt regarding  the  fact  that the  present is a case of circumstantial evidence and  there is no eye­witness to the incident. It is  now   a   settled   position   of   law   that   the  conviction   of   an   accused   person   can   be   based  solely   upon   circumstantial   evidence.   However,  for   such   a   finding   to   be   arrived   at,   the  prosecution   is   burdened   with   the   duty   of  establishing   its   case   beyond   reasonable   doubt.  In   doing   so,   the   prosecution   is   required   to  stand on its own legs and cannot depend upon the  weakness in the case that may be put up by the  defence. 

43. In the present case, however, the appellant has  not   led   any   evidence   in   defence.   In   his  statement   under   Section   313   of   the   Code,   the  appellant   has   denied   the   incriminating  circumstance regarding his original licence with  his   photograph   being   found   in   a   blood­stained  condition at the scene of offence. He has also  denied his presence at the scene of the offence  Page 34 of 54 HC-NIC Page 34 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT and has stated that he is innocent and the case  against  him is false and  he  has  not committed  the crime. However, no explanation is offered by  him.

44. There   is   no   eye­witness   to   the   incident   that  took   place   in   the   one­roomed   house   of   the  deceased,   in   which   her   four   children   were  sleeping on one bed and she was sleeping on the  other bed when the crime took place. The accused  was sleeping on the floor. This picture emerges  from the deposition of the child witness Ravina,  who saw her mother  lying dead on the cot in a  pool of blood at 9:00 am in the morning when she  woke up. 

45. The   time­honoured   principles   of   law   regarding  the conditions that are required to be fulfilled  before the case against an accused can be said  to   be   fully   established   on   the   basis   of  circumstantial evidence have been enumerated by  the Supreme Court in Sharad Birdichand Sarda v.   State   of   Maharashtra   -   (1984)4   SCC   116.   The  said principles are reproduced hereinbelow: Page 35 of 54

HC-NIC Page 35 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT "153.   A   close   analysis   of   this   decision   would   show   that   the   following   conditions  must be  fulfilled before a case  against an  accused can be said to be fully established: 
(1)   the   circumstances   from   which   the  conclusion of guilt is to be drawn should be   fully established. 

It   may   be   noted   here   that   this   Court   indicated   that   the   circumstances   concerned  'must   or   should'   and   not   'may   be'   established. There is not only a grammatical   but   a   legal   distinction   between   'may   be  proved' and 'must be or should be proved' as   was held by this  Court in  Shivaji Sahebrao  Bobade v. State of Maharashtra, (1973) 2 SCC   793 : (AIR 1973 SC 2622) where the following   observations   were   made:   [SCC   para   19,   p.807 : SCC (Cri) p.1047] "Certainly,   it   is   a   primary   principle  that the accused must be and not merely  may   be   guilty   before   a   Court   can  convict and the mental distance between  'may   be'   and   'must   be'   is   long   and   divides   vague   conjectures   from   sure  conclusions."

(2)   the   facts   so   established   should   be  consistent   only   with   the   hypothesis   of   the   guilt of the accused, that is to say, they  should   not   be   explainable   on   any   other  hypothesis   except   that   the   accused   is  Page 36 of 54 HC-NIC Page 36 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT guilty.

(3)   the   circumstances   should   be   of   a  conclusive nature and tendency.

(4)   they   should   exclude   every   possible  hypothesis except the one to be proved, and (5)   there   must   be   a   chain   of   evidence   so  complete   as   not   to   leave   any   reasonable  ground   for   the   conclusion   consistent   with  the innocence  of the accused and must show  that in  all human probability the act must  have been done by the accused.

154. These five golden principles, if we may   say   so,   constitute   the   panchsheel   of   the  proof   of   a   case   based   on   circumstantial  evidence." 

The   above­quoted   principles   have   stood   the  scrutiny   of   subsequent   judicial   precedents   and  are   still   firmly   retrenched   in   the   criminal  jurisprudence   of   our   country.     It,   therefore,  remains to be seen whether, in the present case,  the   prosecution   has   succeeded   in   proving   the  chain   of   circumstance   against   the   appellant  beyond reasonable doubt in order to sustain his  conviction.   We   are   called   upon   to   examine  Page 37 of 54 HC-NIC Page 37 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT whether the  chain of circumstances against the  appellant is so complete and conclusive that it  is   incapable   of   any   other   explanation   or  hypothesis,   except   that   of   the   guilt   of   the  appellant. The circumstances should be such that  they  unerringly  point  out  to  the guilt of the  appellant and none else. 

46. In light of the above principles of law, we may  now   elaborate   the   incriminating   circumstances  against   the   appellant   that   are   found   from   the  material on record:

(1) It   is   established   by   the   testimony   of  Ravina, the child witness who was present in the  room   when   the   incident   took   place,   that   the  appellant came to the house of the deceased at  9:00 pm on the night between 25th and 26th July,  2008.   Ravina   states   that   the   accused   used   to  frequently   visit   the   house   of   the   deceased   in  the absence of her father. On the fateful day as  well, Ravina's father, husband of the deceased,  had   gone   to   Ahmedabad   due   to   the   death   of   a  relative.   Ravina   describes   that   the   appellant  Page 38 of 54 HC-NIC Page 38 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT had   come   to   their   house   and   the   deceased   had  made tea for him. Both the accused and deceased  took tea. Thereafter, the deceased gave food to  the   appellant   and   they   all   went   to   sleep,   as  described hereinabove. When Ravina awoke in the  morning, she found her mother lying on the bed,  soaked in a pool of blood. The pillow and bed­ clothes   were   also   soaked   with   blood.   She,  therefore, started shouting, which brought PW­3  to the spot who then filed a complaint on the  basis of Ravina's narration.  
(2) The next circumstance that emerges from  Ravina's deposition is that the appellant used  to visit the house of the deceased frequently in  the absence of her husband, since there was an  illicit   relationship   between   them.   Ravina   was  aged thirteen years when she gave her testimony. 

The Trial Court has noted that it was only after  ascertaining   that   she   was   capable   of  understanding   the   questions   put   to   her   and  answering them that her deposition was recorded.  The narration in the compliant corroborates the  testimony of Ravina. From the above, it is clear  Page 39 of 54 HC-NIC Page 39 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT that   the   deceased   was   last   seen   alive   in   the  company   of   the   appellant,   who   was   very   much  present in her house on the night of the murder. 

47. The   theory   of   last   seen   together   may   not,   by  itself, form the basis of holding the appellant  guilty   of   the   offence.   However,   coupled   with  other   circumstances,   where   the   link   of   the  incriminating   chain   has   been   satisfactorily  proved   to   point   towards   the   guilt   of   the  accused, the circumstance of last seen together  and   the   absence   of   any   explanation   by   the  accused is a relevant circumstance and provides  an   additional   link   to   complete   the   chain   of  evidence against him. This principle of law has  been   reiterated   by   the   Supreme   Court   in   its  recent   judgment   in   the   case   of  Anjan   Kumar   Sarma and others v. State of Assam - AIR 2017   SC 2617.

(3) The   next   incriminating   circumstance  against the accused is that his original driving  licence was found in a blood­stained condition,  lying   on   the   floor   near   the   cot   on   which   the  Page 40 of 54 HC-NIC Page 40 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT body of the deceased was found. The blood on the  licence of the appellant was of B­Group, which  has been found to be that of the deceased after  forensic   analysis.   This   incriminating  circumstance   was   put   to   the   appellant   while  recording his statement under Section 313 of the  Code.   However,   the   appellant   did   not   give   any  explanation,   leave   alone   any   satisfactory  explanation, regarding how his original driving  licence  with  his  photograph  on  it,  came  to  be  found at the spot. It can fairly be deduced that  it may  have fallen  from his  pocket  during the  scuffle   between   the   deceased   and   accused   just  prior to her murder. The injuries on the person  of   the   accused   point   out   to   a   scuffle   having  taken place,  as  is  clear  from the  evidence  of  Dr.Dharmishtaben.

(4) Another   link   in   the   chain   of  incriminating   circumstances   is   that   the   shirt  worn by the appellant at the time of his arrest  on 27.07.2008, the day after the incident, had  dried blood­stains on it. When put to forensic  analysis it was found that there blood stains of  Page 41 of 54 HC-NIC Page 41 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT Group­B blood which was the blood group of the  deceased.   The   blood­stained   axe,   pillow   and  quilt   on   the   bed   on   which   the   body   of   the  deceased was found were also stained with blood  of B­Group, namely, that of the deceased. (5) PW­2, Dr.Dharmisthaben Govindbhai Gosai,  who examined the appellant on 27.07.2008, states  in her deposition that the appellant has given  the   history   before   her   and   stated   that   on  25.07.2008, he committed rape on the deceased.  Thereafter,   the   physical   examination   of   the  appellant was conducted by this witness wherein  it   was   found   that   the   injuries,   as   already  described hereinabove, were found. In the Arrest  Panchnama, Ex.44, the explanation given by the  appellant   to   the   Panchas   that   is   recorded,   to  the   effect   that   he   sustained   scratches   on   his  left cheek and a graze injury on his right knee  due to thorns, while he was trying to evade the  police. PW­2 Dr.Dharmishtaben has further stated  that the scratch marks on the cheek and neck of  the   appellant   could   have   been   caused   in   the  scuffle   that   took   place   when   rape   was   being  Page 42 of 54 HC-NIC Page 42 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT committed by the appellant on the deceased and  the graze marks on his left knee could have been  caused   by   the   scraping   of   the   knee   on   a   hard  surface. 

(6) Though   the   appellant,   in   his   statement  under   Section   313   of   the   Code,   denies   the  incriminating circumstance of the history given  by him to PW­2 and the injury received by him,  however,   there   is   no   reason   to   disbelieve   the  testimony of this witness, who is a doctor, who  has no axe to grind against the appellant.  (7) The   presence   of   the   appellant   at   the  scene   of   offence   is   proved   by   circumstantial  evidence, namely the testimony of Ravina and the  factum   of   the   original   driving   licence   of   the  appellant being found at the spot. The appellant  used   to   visit   the   house   of   the   deceased  frequently in the absence of the husband of the  deceased. On the day of the incident also, the  husband of the deceased was not at home as he  had   gone   to   Ahmedabad.   There   was   an   illicit  relationship   between   the   appellant   and   the  Page 43 of 54 HC-NIC Page 43 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT deceased which is stated by the child witness.  This aspect is also alluded to by PW­5, husband  of   the   deceased   in   his   testimony,   wherein   he  states that the deceased used to hide the fact  from   him   that   the   appellant   visited   her  clandestinely. This witness further states that  he was aware of the illicit relationship between  the deceased and the appellant. He has further  referred to the fact that the deceased had filed  a   case   under   the   Atrocities   Act   against   the  appellant, who had hit her on her forehead with  a   "Paatli",   in  which   the   appellant   was  acquitted. 

(8) The   next   link   in   the   chain   of  incriminating   circumstances   against   the  appellant   is   that   the   vaginal   swab   taken   from  the body of the deceased showed the presence of  semen   of   A­Group   which   belonged   to   the  appellant. His presence at the spot as well as  sexual assault by him on the deceased before her  death is proved by this circumstance.

48. All   the   above­mentioned   circumstances   form   a  Page 44 of 54 HC-NIC Page 44 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT complete chain that leaves no room for any other  conclusion except the hypothesis of the guilt of  the   appellant.   The   facts   established   by  evidence, as described hereinabove rule out the  possibility   of   the   involvement   of   any   other  person except the appellant in the commission of  the offences with which he is charged. 

49. As is clear from  the above discussion, in the  present   case,   the   prosecution   has   been  successful in establishing all the circumstances  against the appellant. On the basis of the above  chain of circumstances, we cannot but hold that  the   Trial   Court   has   rightly   come   to   the  conclusion that the case against the appellant  is proved beyond reasonable doubt. 

50. It has been submitted on behalf of the appellant  that no offence under the Atrocities Act is made  out against the appellant, who belonged to the  same  community as the  deceased.  It  is  a fact,  established   by   evidence   of   PW­11,   the   Taluka  Development   Officer   who   issued   Certificate   to  the deceased, that the deceased belonged to the  Page 45 of 54 HC-NIC Page 45 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT Hindu Chamar caste, which is a Scheduled Caste.  The appellant has not produced any material on  record to prove that he also belongs to the same  caste.   On   the   contrary,   his   name   is   Hirabhai  Shankarbhai   Raval   which,   on   the   face   of   it,  shows that he belongs to a different caste than  that of the deceased. 

51. It was next submitted on behalf of the appellant  that the offence under Section 376 of the IPC is  not made out as there was a love­affair between  the   appellant   and   the   deceased  and   no   enmity  existed   between   them.   The   evidence   on   record  does   point   out   to   an   illicit   relationship  between the appellant and the deceased. However,  this relationship appears to have turned sour as  the   deceased   had   filed   a   case   under   the  Atrocities Act against the appellant who had hit  her   with   a   "Paatli"   and   the   appellant   had  threatened   the   deceased.   The   deceased   was  subjected to physical assault before her death,  which   is   proved   by   the   medical   evidence   on  record.   Therefore,   this   submission   of   the  learned advocate for the appellant does not hold  Page 46 of 54 HC-NIC Page 46 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT good in the face of the evidence on record. 

52. It has further been submitted that there was no  motive   for   the   appellant   to   kill   the   deceased  and   merely   because   the   driving   licence   of   the  appellant was found at the place of occurrence,  it cannot be assumed that the appellant was the  perpetrator   of   the   crime.   The   presence   of   the  appellant at the scene of offence on the night  when   the   deceased   was   murdered   is   fully  established.   Ravina   has   stated   that   the  appellant   not   only   came   to   the   house   of   the  deceased   but   he   also   took   tea   and   dinner   and  went to sleep on the floor near the cot of the  deceased.   The   presence   of   the   appellant   is  further   fortified   by   his   driving   licence   with  his   photograph   on   it,   which   was   found   stained  with the blood of the deceased. The appellant,  as per the evidence of Ravina, escaped through  the   back­door   after   the   incident   and   was   not  found in the  morning when  Ravina woke  up. The  fact that the shirt worn by the appellant when  he was arrested was blood­stained and the blood  turned out to be of the same group as that of  Page 47 of 54 HC-NIC Page 47 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT the deceased, further establishes his presence.  In   such   circumstances,   when   all   the  circumstances point out to the presence of the  appellant at the spot, the presence or lack of  motive, is immaterial. 

53. The   submission   that   the   weapon   of   offence   was  not   sent   for   fingerprint   analysis   does   not  detract from the case of the prosecution as the  said axe had the presence of human blood of B­ Group on it which is the blood of the deceased.  It is evident that the axe was used to kill the  deceased. The injury sustained by the deceased  on her neck could have been caused by the weapon  of offence  as  per the  testimony  of  the doctor  who   conducted   the   post­mortem,   therefore,   the  aspect   whether   it   was   sent   for   fingerprint  analysis, or not, pales into insignificance. 

54. The submission advanced by learned counsel for  the appellant that the appellant could not have  committed the crime when all four children were  sleeping in the same room, is also not worthy of  acceptance as nobody can guage the intention of  Page 48 of 54 HC-NIC Page 48 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT a criminal mind when it is bent upon committing  a   crime.   The   crime   appears   to   have   been  committed in the dead of night when all the four  young   children   were   sleeping   on   another   cot,  though in the same room. Ravina states that she  is not accustomed to awaking during the night.  It   is   only   when   the   children   awoke   in   the  morning that they discovered their mother dead  on   the   cot,   with   her   neck   cut.   When   other  circumstances   unfailingly   implicate   the  appellant in the commission of the offence, the  aspect   that   the   children   of   the   deceased   were  also sleeping in the same room has no relevance.

55. Learned   counsel   for   the   appellant   has   further  submitted that there is no conclusive evidence  to   prove   who   has   killed   the   deceased   and   the  Investigating Officer did not take any samples  for analysis from the husband of the deceased.  This   argument   is   absolutely   irrelevant   in   the  context   of   the   evidence   on   record,   as   it   has  come   in   evidence   that   the   husband   of   the  deceased was not present at home, or even in the  town, when the incident took place, having gone  Page 49 of 54 HC-NIC Page 49 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT to Ahmedabad due to the death of a relative. He  returned   only   the   next   day   after   the   incident  had   taken   place.   When   the   husband   of   the  deceased   was   not   present   at   the   time   of   the  commission of offence, there was no requirement  on the part of the Investigating Officer to take  any samples from him. 

56. The submission that the injuries on the person  of   the   appellant   were   caused   not   due   to   any  scuffle between the appellant and the deceased  but due to thorn bushes when the appellant was  trying to escape from the police, is such that  instead of coming to the aid of the appellant,  it would go against him. What was the need for  the  appellant  to  escape from  the police  if  he  had   nothing   to   fear   from   the   police?   The  injuries   sustained   by   the   appellant   on   his  cheeks   and   neck   were   such   as   could   have   been  caused   by   finger   nails   when   the   appellant   was  subjecting   the   deceased   to   physical   assault  before her death.

57. We may now refer to the judgments relied upon by  Page 50 of 54 HC-NIC Page 50 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT learned   counsel   for   the   appellant.   The   first  judgment on which reliance is placed is that in  the   case   of  Naresh   Kumar   v.   The   State   of   Maharashtra  (supra), wherein the Supreme Court  has held as below:

"3. ..... In the case of circumstantial   evidence   no   such   presumption   can   be   drawn  unless   the   circumstances   proved   are  completely   incompatible   with   the   innocence  of   the   accused.   The   appellant   therefore  cannot be convicted of murder."

Applying   the   above   principles   of   law   to   the  evidence on record in the present case, we find  that   the   circumstances   against   the   appellant  have   been   completely   proved   and   they   are  incompatible with the innocence of the appellant  and clearly point out towards his guilt.

58. In  Baldev   Singh   v.   State   of   Haryana   (supra),   also relied upon on behalf of the appellant, the  Supreme Court has reiterated the principles of  law   regarding   the   conditions   precedent   for  conviction   of   the   accused   based   upon  circumstantial evidence and has also referred to  Page 51 of 54 HC-NIC Page 51 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT the judgment in the case of  Sharad   Birdichand   Sarda   v.   State   of   Maharashtra     (supra),  reproduced   hereinabove.   On   the   facts   of   that  case, the Supreme Court held that the chain of  circumstances had not been proved. However, such  is not the factual scenario in the present case  where the evidence is to the contrary.

59. In  Subhash   Chand   v.   State   of   Rajasthan   (supra), also pressed into service on behalf of  the   appellant,   the   same   principles   of   law  regarding   circumstantial   evidence   have   been  reiterated.   As   we   find   from   the   evidence   on  record   in   the   present   case   that   the   chain   of  circumstances   is   complete,   this   judgment   would  not come to the aid of the appellant.

60. Learned   counsel   for   the   appellant   has   further  relied upon the case in  Raj  Kumar  Singh  alias   Raju alias Batya v. State of Rajasthan (supra)  and Sujit Biswas v. State of Assam  (supra), in  order to buttress his submission that suspicion,  however strong, cannot take place of proof. In  the   present   case,   the   evidence   on   record   does  Page 52 of 54 HC-NIC Page 52 of 54 Created On Thu Jul 27 00:09:59 IST 2017 R/CR.A/689/2012 JUDGMENT not rest on mere suspicion but is based upon the  much   stronger   pedestal   of   incriminating  circumstances. The distance between "may be" and  "must   be"   has   been   covered   by   cogent   and  impeccable   evidence   insofar   as   implication   of  the accused in the present case is concerned.

61. The   cumulative   effect   of   the   above   discussion  leads   us   to   the   unavoidable   and   inevitable  conclusion that the case against the appellant  has been proved on the basis of circumstantial  evidence,   beyond   any   reasonable   doubt.   In   our  view, the Trial Court has arrived at the correct  conclusion   on   the   basis   of   the   evidence   on  record. 

62. The appeal, being devoid of merit, deserves to  be   dismissed   and   the   judgment   and   order   of  conviction   and   sentence   passed   by   the   Trial  Court, confirmed. Hence, the present appeal is  dismissed.

63. The   R   &   P   be   sent   back   to   the   Trial   Court  forthwith. 





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                  R/CR.A/689/2012                                          JUDGMENT




                                                     (SMT. ABHILASHA KUMARI, J.)




                                                                       (A.J. SHASTRI, J.)
         sunil




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