Gujarat High Court
Gujarat Composite Limited vs Apurva Vinimay Private Limited on 23 April, 2018
Bench: M.R. Shah, A.Y. Kogje
C/FA/588/2018 JUDGMENT
IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD
R/FIRST APPEAL NO. 588 of 2018
With
R/FIRST APPEAL NO. 587 of 2018
FOR APPROVAL AND SIGNATURE:
HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE M.R. SHAH Sd/
and
HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE A.Y. KOGJE Sd/
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1 Whether Reporters of Local Papers may be allowed to see Yes
the judgment ?
2 To be referred to the Reporter or not ? Yes
3 Whether their Lordships wish to see the fair copy of the No
judgment ?
4 Whether this case involves a substantial question of law as No
to the interpretation of the Constitution of India or any
order made thereunder ?
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GUJARAT COMPOSITE LIMITED
Versus
A INFRASTRUCTURE LIMITED
=============================================
Appearance:
FIRST APPEAL NO.588/2018
MR DC DAVE, SENIOR ADVOCATE with MR HARSH V GAJJAR for the PETITIONER(s) No. 1
MR SHALIN MEHTA, SENIOR ADVOCATE with MR HAMESH NAIDU, ADVOCATE for
RESPONDENT(s) No. 1
FIRST APPEAL NO.587/2018
MR PREMAL NANAVATI, ADVOCATE with MR HARSH V GAJJAR for the PETITIONER(s) No.1
MR SHALIN MEHTA, SENIOR ADVOCATE with MR HAMESH C NAIDU for Respondent(s)
No.1
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CORAM: HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE M.R. SHAH
and
HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE A.Y. KOGJE
Date : 23/04/2018
COMMON ORAL JUDGMENT
(PER : HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE M.R. SHAH) [1.0] As common question of law and facts arise in both these appeals, they are disposed of by this common judgment and order.
Page 1 of 37C/FA/588/2018 JUDGMENT [2.0] Feeling aggrieved and dissatisfied with the impugned passed below Exh.39 by the learned Judge, Commercial Court, Ahmedabad (hereinafter referred to as "learned Commercial Court") in Commercial Civil Suit No.90/2017 by which the learned Commercial Court has rejected the said application preferred by the original defendant No.1 which was submitted under Section 8 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 (hereinafter referred to as "Arbitration Act, 1996"), the original defendant No.1 has preferred the First Appeal No.588/2018.
[2.1] Feeling aggrieved and dissatisfied with the impugned passed below Exh.39 by the learned Commercial Court in Commercial Civil Suit No.91/2017 by which the learned Commercial Court has rejected the said application preferred by the original defendant No.1 which was submitted under Section 8 of the Arbitration Act, 1996, the original defendant No.1 has preferred the First Appeal No.587/2018.
[3.0] For the sake of convenience the facts in First Appeal No.588/2018 are narrated and First Appeal No.588/2018 be treated and considered as a lead matter.
[3.1] That the appellant herein - original defendant No.1 (hereinafter referred to as "original defendant No.1") and the respondent No.1 herein
- original plaintiff (hereinafter referred to as "original plaintiff") entered into the license agreement on 07.04.2005 whereby the original defendant No.1 as a licensor permitted the original plaintiff as a licensee to operate two manufacturing units of the defendant No.1 being A.C. Sheet and Cement Grinding, for consideration on terms specified therein. The duration of the said agreement was specified as 84 months (7 years).
[3.2] That another license agreement of the same nature was executed Page 2 of 37 C/FA/588/2018 JUDGMENT by and between the original defendant No.1 and a sister concern of the original plaintiff named Apurva Vinmay Pvt. Ltd. (subject matter of First Appeal No.587/2018) on the same date i.e. 07.04.2005 under which the original defendant No.1 licensor permitted the said sister concern of the original plaintiff and licensee to operate another manufacturing unit of the original defendant No.1 being A.C. Pressure Pipe, for consideration and on terms specified therein. The duration of the said agreement was also specified as 84 months (7 years).
[3.3] That supplementary agreement was executed in respect of the aforesaid license agreements also on the same date i.e. 07.04.2005. That the said supplementary agreement was between the original plaintiff, original defendant No.1 and the aforesaid sister concern of the original plaintiff - plaintiff of Commercial Civil Suit No.91/2018. It appears that the purpose of the said supplementary agreement was to facilitate financial assistance to the original defendant No.1 by the original plaintiff on enable the original defendant No.1 to discharge his liabilities towards its creditors. That in the supplementary agreement which as such during the occurrence of the aforesaid sister concern as confirming party thereto, that as consideration for rendering financial assistance to the original defendant No.1 it would be permissible for the original plaintiff to create mortgage in its favour in respect of aforesaid three manufacturing units of the original defendant No.1.
[3.4] That thereafter an amendment agreement was executed by and between the original plaintiff and the original defendant No.1 for amendment of Clauses 11 and 15 of the license agreement for re purchase of the assets and for provision of bonus, vide amendment agreement dated 25.06.2015.
[3.5] That thereafter a tripartite agreement was executed by and Page 3 of 37 C/FA/588/2018 JUDGMENT between the original plaintiff, original defendant No.1 and the Bank of Baroda dated 06.07.2006. Under the aforesaid tripartite agreement the original defendant No.1 agreed for the creation of first charge of the Bank of Baroda on its specified assets for securing repayment of the corporate loan of Rs.500 lakh provided to the original plaintiff by the Bank of Baroda. The said agreement also provided that the Bank of Baroda would release its first charge only with the consent of the plaintiff unless the repayment of the loan was made directly by the original defendant No.1. That thereafter an amendment was introduced to the aforesaid tripartite agreement on 23.01.2018 for incorporating therein a condition that the title deeds of the land of the original defendant No.1 would not be transferred to anybody by the original defendant No.1 during the currency of the aforesaid license agreement.
[3.6] It appears that thereafter the original plaintiff call upon the original defendant No.1 to extend the tenure of the aforesaid license agreement on 22.02.2012, to extend the tenure of the aforesaid license agreement further by 84 months. It appears that the original defendant No.1 replied to the aforesaid denying the claim of the plaintiff as also the proposal for extension of license agreement vide reply dated 29.02.2012. It appears that instead of handing over the possession of the aforesaid manufacturing units on completion of tenure of the license agreement, the plaintiff declared his intention to continue with the possession of the same by addressing in this regard to the employees of the original defendant No.1. It is the case on behalf of the original defendant No.1 that thereafter attempts were made to resolve the dispute arising out of the said agreement between April 2012 to March 2015, but nothing materialized.
[3.7] That thereafter the original defendant No.1 issued notice to the Page 4 of 37 C/FA/588/2018 JUDGMENT plaintiff claiming recovery of the possession of the licensed manufacturing units as also the amount which according to the original defendant No.1 was due from the plaintiff as per the license agreement, vide notice dated 07.01.2015.
That the original plaintiff replied to the aforesaid notice, vide reply dated 20.04.2015 disputing the claim of the original defendant No.1 for possession and the amount. It appears that again attempts were made for resolving the dispute between 26.08.2015 to 17.11.2016 for resolving the dispute, however there was no positive outcome. Therefore, the original defendant No.1 caused to serve upon the original plaintiff a notice under Section 21 of the Arbitration Act, 1996 invoking the provisions for arbitration contained in the license agreement. That vide communication dated 27.03.2017 the original plaintiff replied to the aforesaid notice stating that the dispute raised is not arbitrable.
[3.8] That the original defendant No.1 preferred composite arbitration petition being IAAP No.63/2017 against the original plaintiff as well as the aforesaid sister concern of the plaintiff, before this Court. That the said IAAP was preferred on 26.04.2017.
[3.9] It appears that on 27.04.2017, the original plaintiff preferred the Commercial Civil Suit No.90/2017 against the original defendant No.1 and others seeking mainly the following reliefs.
(1) Decree against the original defendant No.1 for Rs.32.66 Crore alongwith the interest thereon as due from the original defendant No.1 under the license agreement;
(2) Injunction restraining the original defendant No.1 from disturbing the possession of the original plaintiff in respect of the licensed manufacturing units as original plaintiff was stated to be entitled to continue with the possession pursuant to the license agreement;Page 5 of 37
C/FA/588/2018 JUDGMENT (3) Declaration that the conveyance deeds executed by the original
defendant No.1 in favour of third parties (joined as defendants) in respect of the parcels of land on which the licensed manufacturing units was located in the suit as void as the same were de hors the license agreement;
(4) Direction upon Bank of Baroda for nonrelease of title deeds of the concerned land in favour of private respondents to whom the land was transferred by sale by the original defendant No.1.
That the original defendant No.1 preferred an application under Section 8 of the Arbitration Act, 1996 in the aforesaid suits, for reference of dispute forming the subject matter of the suit to arbitration. That the original defendant No.1 filed the written statement in the suit in which an objection was also raised to the jurisdiction of the commercial Court in view of the arbitration clause contained in the license agreement. The original plaintiff also filed the reply to the application of the original defendant No.1 under Section 8 of the Arbitration Act, 1996. The original defendant No.1 filed the affidavit in rejoinder to the aforesaid reply on 03.07.2017. It appears that as IAAP No.63/2017 was a composite petition against both, plaintiff of Commercial Civil Suit No.90/2017 as well as its sister concern, therefore, the original defendant No.1 withdrew the aforesaid composite petition being IAAP No.63/2017 with a liberty to file fresh separate petitions.
[3.10] It appears that thereafter the original defendant No.1 preferred two separate IAAPs under Section 11 of the Arbitration Act, 1996 being IAAP No.90/2017 as well as IAAP No.89/2017 against the original plaintiff and its sister concern on 13.07.2017.
Page 6 of 37C/FA/588/2018 JUDGMENT That the original defendant No.2 Bank of Baroda submitted written submissions on 06.12.2017 in response to the application under Section 8 of the Arbitration Act, 1996. It appears that on the very day i.e. on 06.12.2017, the original defendant No.1 submitted the purshis stating that though the original defendant No.2 Bank of Baroda is paid its dues by the original plaintiff, the original defendant No.1 was prepared to deposit the additional 500 lakh in the Court subject to the outcome of the arbitration and title deeds of the land be deposited with the Hon'ble Court and the same to be given to the original defendant No.1 subject to outcome of the arbitration. That thereafter the learned Commercial Court has passed the impugned order rejecting the application under Section 8 of the Arbitration Act, 1996, which is the subject matter of present First Appeal No.588/2018. A similar order has been passed in Commercial Civil Suit No.91/2017, which was preferred by the sister concern which is the subject matter of First Appeal No.587/2018.
[3.11] That thereafter vide order dated 15.12.2017 and considering the order passed by the learned Commercial Court rejecting section 8 application, this Court rejected the aforesaid IAAPs, however with a liberty to file fresh applications after the outcome of the present appeals and regardless of the outcome thereof.
[3.12] Thus, the impugned orders passed by the learned Commercial Court rejecting section 8 applications preferred by the original defendant No.1 are the subject matter of present First Page 7 of 37 C/FA/588/2018 JUDGMENT Appeals.
[4.0] Shri D.C. Dave, learned Senior Advocate has appeared on behalf of the appellant of First Appeal No.588/2018, Shri Premal Nanavati, learned Advocate has appeared on behalf of the appellant of First Appeal No.587/2018 and Shri Shalin Mehta, learned Senior Advocate has appeared on behalf of the respondent No.1 in both the First Appeals.
FIRST APPEAL NO.588/2018 [5.0] Shri D.C. Dave, learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the appellant herein - original defendant No.1 has vehemently submitted that in the facts and circumstances of the case, learned Commercial Court has materially erred in rejecting section 8 application application and not referring the matter / parties to the arbitration, despite the specific arbitration clause contained in the license agreement.
[5.1] It is specifically submitted by Shri Dave, learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the original defendant No.1 that as such it is the settled proposition of law that the provision of section 8 of the Arbitration Act, 1996 is obligatory in nature whereby once it is admitted that there is an arbitration clause in the agreement, then in view of mandatory language of section 8 of the Arbitration Act, 1996, the Civil Court is bound to refer the disputes to the Arbitrator.
[5.2] It is further submitted by Shri Dave, learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the original defendant No.1 that looking to Page 8 of 37 C/FA/588/2018 JUDGMENT the contents of the plaint as a whole and even the reliefs sought in the suit, it is crystal clear that the grievances of the plaintiff emanates from the contractual obligations contained in the license agreement executed between the plaintiff and the original defendant No.1.
[5.3] It is further submitted that as such the original plaintiff has not provided any breakup or details of the heads of claims under which the plaintiff has sought the recovery of sum of Rs.32.66 Crore in the entire plaint. It is submitted that therefore, the pleadings and averments contained in plaint are vague and ambiguous in nature. It is submitted that however during the course of hearing, it was maintained by the plaintiff that the said claim was based upon the license agreement and the accounting details of the same were placed on record vide the list of documents submitted alongwith the plaint. It is submitted that therefore so far as the prayer (A) in para 33 of the plaint is concerned, not only the amount is claimed against the original defendant No.1 but the same is claimed on the basis of the license agreement. It is submitted that therefore the relief prayed in prayer (A) of para 33 of the plaint falls within the domain of arbitration clause enshrined in clause 32 of the license agreement.
[5.4] It is further submitted by Shri Dave, learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the original defendant No.1 that so far as the relief in prayer (B) of para 33 of the plaint is concerned, the genesis thereof is the license agreement, because it claimed on the premise that according to the plaintiff the license agreement Page 9 of 37 C/FA/588/2018 JUDGMENT continues and during continuance of the same, original defendant No.1 has no right to transfer the land upon which the licensed units were located. It is submitted that it is true that the said relief would affect third party purchasers. However, the said relief is predominantly against the original defendant No.1 as the right of the original defendant No.1 is questioned thereunder.
[5.5] It is submitted that apart, third parties (original defendant Nos.3 to 5), who have purchased the immovable property, have no objection if the application moved by the original defendant No.1 under Section 8 is to be allowed. It is submitted that as such they expressed their willingness and consent to join the arbitration proceedings, if required as per the purshis dated 06.12.2017. It is submitted that therefore when the parties who are not parties to the arbitration agreement have no objection to the application under Section 8, the plaintiff, who is admittedly a party to the arbitration agreement, cannot be permitted to object to such an application on the premise that nonparties to the arbitration agreement would be dragged to the arbitration. It is submitted that as such, when nonparties to the arbitration agreement are prepared to join arbitration, the proper course would be to invoke application of section 89 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908.
In support of his above submissions, Shri Dave, learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the original defendant No.1 has relied upon the decision of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of Afcons Infrastructure Ltd. vs. Cherian Varkey Construction Co. P. Ltd. reported in (2010) 8 SCC 24. It is submitted that therefore even the prayer (B) of para 33 of the plaint can be Page 10 of 37 C/FA/588/2018 JUDGMENT referred to arbitration.
[5.6] It is further submitted by Shri Dave, learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the original defendant No.1 that so far as the relief in prayer (C) of para 33 of the plaint is concerned, the same pertains to protecting the possession of the plaintiff, which the plaintiff claims as per Clause 31 on the ground that the plaintiff is entitled to hold the possession till the recovery claims of the plaintiff arising out of the license agreement are satisfied. It is submitted that therefore also, the said prayer is covered within the ambit of the arbitration clause.
[5.7] It is further submitted by Shri Dave, learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the original defendant No.1 that so far as relief in prayer (D) of para 33 of the plaint is concerned, the same is misconceived in nature as the Bank has already been paid its dues as per the tripartite agreement by the plaintiff and therefore, the dispute only survives amongst the plaintiff and original defendant No.1 regarding payment of the dues. Moreover, the original defendant No.1 had also declared by way of a purshis dated 06.12.2017 before the learned Commercial Court that it is ready and willing to deposit a sum of Rs.5 Crore before the learned Commercial Court and therefore, no cause would survive against the Bank for the plaintiff. It is submitted that therefore, prayer (D) will not hinder the relief prayed below Exh.39. It is submitted that the defendant No.2 Bank has not even bothered to file a written statement before the learned Commercial Court and has only filed written submissions against Exh.39 to object the prayers under Page 11 of 37 C/FA/588/2018 JUDGMENT Section 8 of the Arbitration Act, 1996 and therefore, it is crystal clear that the plaintiff and the defendant No.2 are acting in collusion and defendant No.2 has been wrongly joined in the suit proceedings to defeat the object and intent of the arbitral clause enshrined in the license agreement.
[5.8] It is further submitted by Shri Dave, learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the original defendant No.1 that so far as prayer (E) of para 33 of the plaint is concerned, the third party purchasers viz. defendant Nos.3 to 5 who have purchased the immovable property have expressed their willingness and consent to join the arbitration proceedings as per the purshis dated 06.12.2017. It is submitted that therefore also the said prayer can be covered under the domain of arbitral clause as the defendant Nos.3 to 5 cannot be said to be parties who are objecting and who are dragged into arbitration proceedings.
[5.9] It is further submitted by Shri Dave, learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the original defendant No.1 that so far as prayer (F) in para 33 is concerned, the same is a result of clever drafting whereby no such powers have been enshrined upon the Bank to take over the assets of the original defendant No.1 and satisfy the recovery claim of the plaintiff in any of the agreements namely license agreement, supplementary agreement and tripartite agreement. It is further submitted that such prayer is only prayed with a malicious intention to defeat the arbitral clause and title the suit as a 'mortgage suit' however the suit in the present case cannot be branded as a 'mortgage suit' inasmuch it does not seek Page 12 of 37 C/FA/588/2018 JUDGMENT redemption or foreclosure of any mortgage and as such the entire pleadings averred in the plaint are for recovery claim of the plaintiff which arises purely out of the license agreement. It is submitted that suit on mortgage can be filed by either mortgagor or mortgagee. It is submitted that the plaintiff is neither of the two. It is submitted that therefore the said prayer clause in the plaint cannot hinder the prayer prayed in application at Exh.39.
[5.10] It is further submitted by Shri Dave, learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the original defendant No.1 that infact original defendant Nos.2 to 5 are as such neither necessary nor proper party to the suit and there is a clear misjoinder of causes of action and the entire plaint is cleverly drafted only in order to scuttle the mechanism provided in the license agreement for resolution of disputes. It is therefore, submitted that mere joining the defendant Nos.2 to 5 in the plaint, the plaintiff cannot object the mechanism provided under the license agreement for resolution of the disputes. In support of his above submissions, Shri Dave, learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the original defendant No.1 has relied upon the decision of the Bombay High Court in the case of A.B.K. Dubhash and Others vs. Petit Towers reported in 2011 (2) Mh.L.J. 57. It is submitted that in the aforesaid decision the Bombay High Court has held that the joining of the third party in a suit the subject matter of which is otherwise covered within the arbitrable clause, cannot be a ground to reject the application under Section 8 of the Arbitration Act, 1996. It is submitted that it is held in the aforesaid decision that the object of Section 8 is laudable and mandatory and the parties to an agreement cannot Page 13 of 37 C/FA/588/2018 JUDGMENT ignore an arbitral clause merely because a third party has been joined by the applicant in order to frustrate an arbitral clause.
[5.11] Shri Dave, learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the original defendant No.1 has also relied upon the decision of the Andhra Pradesh High Court in the case of M/s. Srivenkateswara Constructions & Ors. vs. Union of India reported in 1973 SCC Online AP 163 in support of his above submissions. It is submitted that in the aforesaid decision the Andhra Pradesh High Court, while dealing with Section 34 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 which is comparable with section 8 of the Arbitration Act, 1996, has held that if by way of ingenious drafting, the parties which are not parties to the arbitration agreement are joined in the suit as defendants by claiming relief against them which could have been either omitted or prayed for by filing an independent suit against such parties, the Courts should not permit such things to frustrate arbitration agreement.
[5.12] Shri Dave, learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the original defendant No.1 has also heavily relied upon the decision of the Delhi High Court in the case of WPIL vs. NTPC Ltd. & Ors. reported in 2009 (108) DRJ 404. It is submitted that the Delhi High Court held that when nonparties to arbitration agreement are joined in the suit proceedings to defeat the arbitral clause then the judgment of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in Sukanya Holdings (P) Ltd. vs. Jayesh H. Pandya reported in (2003) 5 SCC 531 cannot be an authority to reject the application under Section 8 of the Arbitration Act, 1996.
Page 14 of 37C/FA/588/2018 JUDGMENT [5.13] It is further submitted by Shri Dave, learned Counsel
appearing on behalf of the original defendant No.1 that it is a settled position of law that issue of fraud simplicitor cannot be a ground to reject an application preferred under Section 8 of the Arbitration Act, 1996. It is submitted that even in order to plead fraud, the plaintiff is bound to aver necessary pleadings as to particulars of fraudulent act and merely by stating that a fraud has been committed upon the plaintiff, a ground of fraud is unsustainable in view of the provision contained in Rule 4 of Order VI of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908. It is submitted that in the case of A. Ayyasamy vs. A. Paramasivam and Ors. reported in (2016) 10 SCC 386, the Hon'ble Supreme Court has held that the reference to the arbitrable proceedings cannot be refused on the ground of fraud simplicitor. It is submitted that therefore the defence of fraud contended by the plaintiff in opposition to application under Section 8 preferred by the original defendant No.1 is unsustainable.
[5.14] It is further submitted by Shri Dave, learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the original defendant No.1 that looking to the plaint as a whole and the pleadings contained therein, it is crystal clear that the grievance of the plaintiff pertains to recovery of dues which are admittedly claimed as per the principal agreement viz. license agreement and the plaintiff wants to protect his possession in order to secure its claims. It is submitted that therefore the grievances of the plaintiff are covered within the ambit of arbitrable clause.
Page 15 of 37C/FA/588/2018 JUDGMENT [5.15] It is further submitted by Shri Dave, learned Counsel
appearing on behalf of the original defendant No.1 that it is required to be noted that the plaintiff in its reply notice dated 20.04.2015 specifically stated that the dispute between the original plaintiff and the original defendant No.1 have to be resolved through the mechanism provided in the license agreement and not in any other way. It is submitted that therefore the plaintiff is now estopped from seeking reliefs from any other Forum of law except the mechanism for resolution of disputes viz. arbitration.
[5.16] Shri Dave, learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the original defendant No.1 has submitted that the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of M/s. Sundaram Finance Ltd. and Anr. vs. T. Thankam reported in (2015) 14 SCC 444 has held that once an application under Section 8 is preferred, the approach of a Court should be to see whether its jurisdiction has been ousted in compliance of a special statute. It is submitted that the general law should yield to the special law. It is submitted that in such situation, the approach shall not be to see whether there is still jurisdiction in the civil court under the general law. It is further submitted that such approaches would only delay the resolution of disputes and complicate the redressal of grievances and of course unnecessarily increase the pendency in the Court.
[5.17] It is further submitted by Shri Dave, learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the original defendant No.1 that the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of Chloro Controls P. Ltd. vs. Severn Trent Water Purification Inc. and Ors. reported in (2013) 1 SCC Page 16 of 37 C/FA/588/2018 JUDGMENT 641, has held that the reference of disputes to arbitration where nonsignatory are concerned is not unknown to the arbitration jurisprudence. It is submitted that it was further held that in cases of multiple agreements where the ancillary agreements emanates from the parent agreement containing the arbitral clause, then the approach of the Court should be to refer the parties to arbitration.
Making above submissions and relying upon above decisions it is requested to quash and set aside the impugned order rejecting application under Section 8 of the Arbitration Act, 1996 and refer the dispute / parties to Arbitration Tribunal as per the license agreement.
[6.0] Shri Premal Nanavaty, learned Advocate appearing on behalf of the appellant in First Appeal No.587/2018 has adopted the submissions made by Shri Dave, learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the appellant of First Appeal No.588/2018 and has requested to quash and set aside the impugned order and allow the application under Section 8 of the Arbitration Act, 1996 preferred by the original defendant No.1.
[7.0] Both these appeals are vehemently opposed by Shri Shalin Mehta, learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the respondent No.1 herein - original plaintiff. Shri Mehta, learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the original plaintiff has vehemently submitted that in the facts and circumstances of the case the learned Commercial Court has rightly rejected the application under Section 8 of the Arbitration Act, 1996 and has rightly not referred the matter to the arbitration.
Page 17 of 37C/FA/588/2018 JUDGMENT [7.1] It is further submitted by Shri Mehta, learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the original plaintiff that as such the original suit has been preferred as a mortgage suit. That the prayer in the suit is to restrained the Bank of Baroda i.e. respondent No.2 herein - original defendant No.2 from releasing its equitable mortgage in favour of the plaintiff, in favour of defendant No.1 without consent of the plaintiff as per the terms of the tripartite agreement. It is submitted that there is an equitable mortgage by deposit of title deeds of the suit property in favour of the Bank of Baroda. It is submitted that the amount advanced by the Bank of Baroda to the original defendant No.1 was paid over to the Gujarat Composite Limited. It is submitted that therefore the mortgage suits are excluded from the coverage of section 8 of the Arbitration Act, 1996 and therefore, the same is not arbitrable. It is submitted that the commercial suit which is preferred is also a suit for enforcement of mortgage being an enforcement of a right in rem and hence, the same is to be adjudicated by the Courts of law and not by the Arbitral Tribunal. In support of his above submissions, Shri Mehta, learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the original plaintiff has relied upon the decision of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of Booz Allen Hamilton Inc. vs. SBI Home Finance Ltd. reported in (2011)5 SCC 532 (Paras 21 to 30).
[7.2] It is further submitted by Shri Mehta, learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the original plaintiff that though the mortgage is in existence, the original defendant No.1 time and again approached the Bank of Baroda to release all the title deeds and therefore, specific relief has been sought against the Bank of Page 18 of 37 C/FA/588/2018 JUDGMENT Baroda for not releasing the same.
[7.3] It is further submitted by Shri Mehta, learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the original plaintiff that tripartite agreement, based on which certain reliefs have been even prayed in the suit does not have any provision of arbitration.
[7.4] It is further submitted by Shri Mehta, learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the original plaintiff that as per the settled law, the suit is required to referred to arbitration only when the entire subject matter of the suit is subject to arbitration agreement. It is submitted that in the present case the suit is not only founded upon the license agreement, but also the tripartite agreement. It is submitted that tripartite agreement is not under the purview of arbitration because the same does not provide for arbitration. It is submitted that like the supplementary agreement, which is ancillary to the license agreement, the tripartite agreement is not ancillary to the license agreement. It is submitted that the tripartite agreement is altogether an independent agreement between the original plaintiff, original defendant No.1 and the Bank of Baroda. It is submitted that the Bank of Baroda who is party to the tripartite agreement is as such is not a party to the license agreement which contains the arbitration clause. It is submitted that thus the subject matter of the present suit is not fully covered by arbitration and therefore, the suit is not required to be sent to arbitration. In support of his above submissions, Shri Mehta, learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the original plaintiff has heavily relied upon the decision of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of Sukanya Page 19 of 37 C/FA/588/2018 JUDGMENT Holdings (P) Ltd. (Supra) (Paras 8, 14 to 18) as well as the decision of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of S.N. Prasad, Hitek Industries (Bihar) Limited vs. Monnet Finance Limited & Ors. reported in (2011)1 SCC 320 as well as in the case of Deutsche Post Bank Home Finance Limited vs. Taduri Sridhar and Anr. reported in (2011) 11 SCC 375.
[7.5] It is further submitted by Shri Mehta, learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the original plaintiff that even though the original title deeds are even today with the original defendant No.2
- Bank of Baroda and an undertaking was given by the original defendant No.1 to this effect, the original defendant No.1 behind the back of the Band of Baroda and even the plaintiff has sold portions of unit land to third parties and such third parties had initiated process for mutation of the said land. It is submitted that the said sale deeds have been executed with malicious and malafide intentions and knowledge. It is submitted that the sale deeds for which the prayer is sought in the suit to quash and set aside the same are nothing but fraud played by the appellant - original defendant No.1, alongwith the original defendant Nos.3 to 5 with the original defendant Nos.1 and 2. It is submitted that therefore when there is a fraud, which is apparent on the record, the said issue can only be settled by the Court through furtherance of detailed evidence and not by arbitration. In support of his above submissions, Shri Mehta, learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the original plaintiff has heavily relied upon the decisions of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of N. Radhakrishnan vs. M/s. Maestro Engineers & Ors. reported in (2010) 1 SCC 72 and in the Page 20 of 37 C/FA/588/2018 JUDGMENT case of A. Ayyasamy (Supra). It is further submitted by Shri Mehta, learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the original plaintiff that even otherwise the suit in question involves complicated issues involving facts and law and hence also, the commercial court shall be the appropriate Forum to adjudicate and decide the said issues.
[7.6] It is further submitted by Shri Mehta, learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the original plaintiff that even sale of the units land by the original defendant No.1 is even in blanket violation of the interim order dated 22.12.2006 passed by this Court in Civil Application No.8943/2006 in Special Civil Application No.2212/2004, wherein this Court while specifically permitting the original defendant No.1 to sell 6500 sq. meter of units land property, specifically restrained the original defendant No.1 from disposing of any part of the said land without the express permission of this Court. It is submitted that despite the above the original defendant No.1 has executed the sale deeds in favour of the original defendant Nos.3 to 5 which as such is in contravention to the directions issued by this Court. It is submitted that even the said sale deeds, which are under challenge, are also in contravention of the undertaking as submitted before the Industrial Tribunal.
[7.7] It is further submitted by Shri Mehta, learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the original plaintiff that the arbitration shall not entirely cover all the disputes between the original plaintiff and the original defendant No.1 as there are parties involved and also the entire disputes are not covered under the Page 21 of 37 C/FA/588/2018 JUDGMENT arbitration agreement.
[7.8] It is further submitted by Shri Mehta, learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the original plaintiff that the alleged dispute related to several transactions under various separate documents / agreements, which does not provide for arbitration as a dispute resolution mechanism. It is further submitted that in the suit there are third parties to whom the agreements have been executed by the original defendant No.1 which are sought to be quashed and set aside and as they are not party to the license agreement and therefore also, the matter is not arbitrable.
[7.9] It is further submitted by Shri Mehta, learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the original plaintiff that that original defendant Nos.2 to 5 against whom the specific reliefs have been prayed are not forming part of the main agreement and hence, no arbitration can be undertaken against them. It is submitted that in the present case even the original defendant Nos.2 - Bank of Baroda have also filed their detailed objections before the Commercial Court against the matter being sent for arbitration and infact they have not consented to the same.
[7.10] It is further submitted by Shri Mehta, learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the original plaintiff that it is not possible to institute a separate suit against the Bank for enforcement of mortgage without joining original defendant Nos.1, 3, 4 and 5. It is submitted that the principal prayer in the suit is to not release the equitable mortgage in favour of the original defendant No.1 without the plaintiff's consent. It is submitted that since the relief is Page 22 of 37 C/FA/588/2018 JUDGMENT sought against the bank i.e. original defendant No.2 and the original defendant No.1, both will have to be joined as party defendants in the original suit. It is submitted that during the subsistence of the license and tripartite agreement, the original defendant No.1 has sold the mortgaged properties to defendant Nos.3 to 5 and the said defendants want the title deeds of the mortgaged properties from the Bank. It is submitted that therefore, these bonafide purchasers will have to be joined as party defendants in the original suit also without which the suit will suffer from nonjoinder of necessary parties. It is submitted that as held by the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of Sukanya Holdings (P) Ltd. (Supra), bifurcation of the claims and cause of action is not permissible.
Making above submissions and relying upon the decision of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of Sukanya Holdings (P) Ltd. (Supra) and the decision of the Division Bench of this Court in the case of Amin Associates vs. Bharatbhai Purshottambhai Patel & Ors. rendered in Special Civil Application No.18399/2016 (Paras 6.1 to 6.10), it is requested to dismiss the present First Appeals.
[8.0] Heard learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the respective parties at length. Considered and perused the impugned order passed by the learned Commercial Court by which the learned Commercial Court has rejected the application submitted by the original defendant No.1 to refer the dispute / matter to arbitration in exercise of powers under Section 8 of the Arbitration Act, 1996. While considering the issue involved in the present First Appeals Page 23 of 37 C/FA/588/2018 JUDGMENT viz. whether in the facts and circumstances of the case the learned Commercial Court has committed any error in rejecting application under Section 8 of the Arbitration Act, law on the point and few decisions of the Hon'ble Supreme Court as well as this Court are required to be discussed and considered, which are as under:
[8.1] First decision on the point is the decision of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of Sukanya Holdings (P) Ltd. (Supra). While considering the applicability of section 8 of the Arbitration Act, the Hon'ble Supreme Court has observed and held that where a suit is commenced in respect of a matter which falls partly within the arbitration agreement and partly outside and which involves parties some of whom are parties to the arbitration agreement while some are not so, section 8 of the Arbitration Act is not attracted. While interpreting word "a matter" in section 8 of the Arbitration Act, the Hon'ble Supreme Court has observed and held that words "a matter" in section 8 indicate that the entire subject matter of the suit should be subject to arbitration agreement. It is further observed and held that there is no provision in the Act for bifurcation of the suit into two parts, (1) to be referred to arbitration for adjudication and (2) to be decided by the Civil Court. It is further observed and held that neither section 5 of the Arbitration Act nor section 89 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 nor section 34 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 can be resorted to for interpreting section 8. Before the Hon'ble Supreme Court the learned Counsel appearing for a party to the arbitration agreement submitted under section 8 of the Arbitration Act, the Court was Page 24 of 37 C/FA/588/2018 JUDGMENT required to refer the dispute arising because of the dissolution of the partnership firm to the arbitrator as contemplated by the arbitration clause. It was further submitted that in any case there is no bar in referring the dispute which arises between the parties to the agreement - some of the parties to the suit, who are bound by the agreement, to the Arbitrator as envisaged in the partnership deed. It was next contended that if the interpretation given by the High Court is accepted (not to refer the matter to the arbitration for adjudication), arbitration clause could be defeated by an interested party by adding some reliefs which are not covered by the arbitration clause or by adding a few parties who are not bound by the arbitration clause. It was submitted that such interpretation would be against the object and purpose of the Arbitration Act and against the spirit of section 89 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908. It was further submitted that the third parties who purchased the flat which were stock in trade of the firm and entered into transactions in connection with the business of the firm, are not necessary parties to the disputes amongst the partners relating to dissolution and account of the firm and therefore, the dispute ought to have been referred to the arbitrator. On the other hand, it was the case on behalf of the other side that the dispute in the suit and/or a matter in the suit is not required to be referred to arbitrator as the plaintiffs have prayed various reliefs in the suit which could not be referred to arbitrator and that some of the defendants are not parties to the arbitration agreement. By holding the order passed by the High Court rejecting section 8 application preferred by the original defendant Nos.1 and 2, the Hon'ble Supreme Court has observed and held in paras 11 to 17 as under:Page 25 of 37
C/FA/588/2018 JUDGMENT "11. For appreciating the contentions raised by the learned counsel for the parties, we would refer to the relevant provisions namely Sections 5 and 8 of the Act, which are as under:
"5. Extent of judicial intervention.Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being in force, in matters governed by this Part, no judicial authority shall intervene except where so provided in this Part.
8. Power to refer parties to arbitration where there is an arbitration agreement. (1) A judicial authority before which an action is brought in a matter which is the subject of an arbitration agreement shall, if a party so applies not later than when submitting his first statement on the substance of the dispute, refer the parties to arbitration.
(2) The application referred to in subsection (1) shall not be entertained unless it is accompanied by the original arbitration agreement or a duly certified copy thereof.
(3) Notwithstanding that an application has been made under subsection (1) and that the issue is pending before the judicial authority, an arbitration may be commenced or continued and an arbitral award made."
(emphasis supplied)
12. For interpretation of Section 8, Section 5 would have no bearing because it only contemplates that in the matters governed by PartI of the Act, Judicial authority shall not intervene except where so provided in the Act. Except Section 8, there is no other provision in the Act that in a pending suit, the dispute is required to be referred to the arbitrator. Further, the matter is not required to be referred to the arbitral Tribunal, if (1) the parties to the arbitration agreement have not filed any such application for referring the dispute to the arbitrator; (2) in a pending suit, such application is not filed before submitting first statement on the substance of the dispute; or (3) such application is not accompanied by the original arbitration agreement or duly certified copy thereof. This would, therefore, mean that Arbitration Act does not oust the jurisdiction of the Civil Court to decide the dispute in a case where parties to the Arbitration Agreement do not take appropriate steps as contemplated under sub sections (1) & (2) of Section 8 of the Act.
13. Secondly, there is no provision in the Act that when the subject matter of the suit includes subject matter of the arbitration agreement as well as other disputes, the matter is required to be referred to arbitration. There is also no provision for splitting the cause or parties and referring the subject matter of the suit to the arbitrators.
14. Thirdly, there is no provision as to what is required to be done in a case where some parties to the suit are not parties to Page 26 of 37 C/FA/588/2018 JUDGMENT the arbitration agreement. As against this, under Section 24 of the Arbitration Act, 1940, some of the parties to a suit could apply that the matters in difference between them be referred to arbitration and the Court may refer the same to arbitration provided that the same can be separated from the rest of the subject matter of the suit. Section also provided that the suit would continue so far as it related to parties who have not joined in such application.
15. The relevant language used in Section 8 is "in a matter which is the subject matter of an arbitration agreement", Court is required to refer the parties to arbitration. Therefore, the suit should be in respect of 'a matter' which the parties have agreed to refer and which comes within the ambit of arbitration agreement. Where, however, a suit is commenced "as to a matter" which lies outside the arbitration agreement and is also between some of the parties who are not parties to the arbitration agreement, there is no question of application of Section 8. The words 'a matter' indicates entire subject matter of the suit should be subject to arbitration agreement.
16. The next question which requires consideration is even if there is no provision for partly referring the dispute to arbitration, whether such a course is possible under Section 8 of the Act? In our view, it would be difficult to give an interpretation to Section 8 under which bifurcation of the cause of action that is to say the subject matter of the suit or in some cases bifurcation of the suit between parties who are parties to the arbitration agreement and others is possible. This would be laying down a totally new procedure not contemplated under the Act. If bifurcation of the subject matter of a suit was contemplated, the legislature would have used appropriate language to permit such a course. Since there is no such indication in the language, it follows that bifurcation of the subject matter of an action brought before a judicial authority is not allowed.
17. Secondly, such bifurcation of suit in two parts, one to be decided by the arbitral tribunal and other to be decided by the civil court would inevitably delay the proceedings. The whole purpose of speedy disposal of dispute and decreasing the cost of litigation would be frustrated by such procedure. It would also increase the cost of litigation and harassment to the parties and on occasions there is possibility of conflicting judgments and orders by two different forums."
[8.2] In the case of S.N. Prasad (Supra), the Hon'ble Supreme Court has observed and held that reference to arbitration under section 8 can be only with respect to parties to arbitration and not Page 27 of 37 C/FA/588/2018 JUDGMENT the nonparties. At this stage it is required to be noted that in the case before the Hon'ble Supreme Court a nonparty to the arbitration agreement was impleaded as a respondent in the arbitration proceedings and the award was passed against non party to the arbitration agreement and thereafter the Hon'ble Supreme Court quashed and set aside the award passed by the Arbitrator which was passed against the nonparty to the arbitration agreement by observing that there was no arbitration agreement between the parties, impleadment of the appellant in that case (nonparty to the arbitration agreement) as a respondent in the arbitration proceedings and the award against such third party in such arbitration cannot be sustained. A similar view has been taken by the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of Essar Oil Ltd. vs. Hindustan Shipyard Ltd. reported in (2015) 10 SCC 642 and in the case of Kantilal Ambalal Patel & Ors. vs. Jalaram Land Developers & Ors. reported in 2014 (1) GLR 331.
[8.3] Following the decision of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of Sukanya Holdings (P) Ltd. (Supra) as well as the subsequent decision of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of M/s. Sundaram Finance Ltd. and Anr. (Supra) and other decisions of the Hon'ble Supreme Court on the point, in the similar set of facts and circumstances, the Division Bench of this Court in the case of Amin Associates (Supra) has referred the matter to the arbitrator by observing that considering the reliefs sought / prayed in the suit which as such are are against nonparty to the arbitration agreement also, it will not be proper to bifurcate the dispute between the parties to the arbitration agreement and non parties to the arbitration agreement and thereafter the Division Bench of this Court in the aforesaid decision has confirmed the order passed by the learned Commercial Court rejecting application Page 28 of 37 C/FA/588/2018 JUDGMENT under Section 8 of the Arbitration Act, 1996 and not referring the dispute / parties to the suit for arbitration.
[8.4] Applying the law laid down by the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the aforesaid decisions and the decision of this Court in the case of Amin Associates (Supra) to the facts of the case on hand and the averments in the plaint, pleadings on the cause of action and the reliefs prayed in the suit, which are against the parties to the arbitration agreement as well as nonparties to the arbitration agreement, it is required to be considered whether in the facts and circumstances of the case the learned Commercial Court has committed any error in rejecting section 8 application and not referring the parties / dispute in the suit for arbitration?
[8.5] In the present case as observed herein above there are license agreements containing the arbitration clause, executed between the plaintiff and the original defendant No.1 on one hand. Admittedly, the original defendant Nos.2 to 5 are not party to the arbitration agreement. There is a tripartite agreement between the original plaintiff, original defendant No.1 and the original defendant No.2 (Bank of Baroda) under which the plaintiff and the original defendant No.2 have prayed the reliefs. It is an admitted position that in the tripartite agreement between the original plaintiff, original defendant No.1 and the original defendant No.2 (Bank of Baroda), there does not exist any arbitration agreement. Under the tripartite agreement the original defendant No.1 has placed the title deeds and the said tripartite agreement as such can be said to be an independent agreement and under the said tripartite agreement there is a mortgage by deposit of title deeds in respect of immovables and hypothecation of movables. It appears that the said tripartite agreement was executed while sanctioning a corporate loan of Rs.500 lakh in favour of the original plaintiff and Page 29 of 37 C/FA/588/2018 JUDGMENT the charge and mortgage has been created in favour of Bank of Baroda - original defendant No.2. It appears that during the pendency and subsistence of the aforesaid mortgage and as alleged by the original plaintiff surreptitiously and in breach of the injunction granted by this Court as well as the undertaking before the Industrial Tribunal, the original defendant No.1 has sold some of the properties (mortgaged properties) in favour of original defendant Nos.3 to 5. In light of the above broad facts and averments in the plaint, pleadings on the cause of action and the reliefs sought are required to be considered.
[8.6] In the plaint in Commercial Civil Suit No.90/2017, the plaintiff has sought the relief against the following defendants:
1. Gujarat Composite Limited
2. Bank of Baroda
3. Real Home Corporation - a partnership firm
4. M/s. Raj Corporation (Confirming Party) - partnership firm
5. RJD Buildcon Ltd.
The suit is filed for recovery of legitimate dues, cancellation of sale deed and for permanent injunction. In the suit the plaintiff has prayed for the following reliefs.
"(A) This Hon'ble Court may be pleased to direct the defendant No.1 to pay to the Plaintiff herein a sum of Rs.32.66 Crores with interest @ 14% per annum from the date of suit till realization herein under this decree and any further orders to be passed by this Hon'ble Court;
(B) This Hon'ble Court may be pleased to hold and declare that the Deeds of Conveyance dated 23rd January, 2015 registered vide registration no.742 and 750, executed by defendant No.1 in favour of defendant Nos.3 and 5, as null and void;Page 30 of 37
C/FA/588/2018 JUDGMENT (C) This Hon'ble Court may be pleased to permanently restrain the defendant Nos.1, 3, 4 and 5 or their agent, executors or administrators from disturbing or obstruction the plaintiff's occupation possession of the suit property till the plaintiff claim made in para (a) and (b) above is fully discharged;
(D) This Hon'ble Court may be pleased to direct the defendant No.2 Bank not to release original title papers and other relevant documents in favour of defendant Nos.1, 3 and/or 4;
(E) This Hon'ble Court may be pleased to hold and declare that the Conveyance Deed dated 23rd January, 2015 entered into between the defendant No.1 and defendant No.3 to 5 as null and void;
(F) This Hon'ble Court may be pleased to direct the defendant No.2 to take over all the current assets of the plaintiff pertaining to or in connection with the operation of A.C. Sheet and Cement Manufacturing unit under license agreement at their book value and make payment to the plaintiff for the current assets available at the time of handing over of the possession, if required;"
[8.7] Necessary pleadings in the plaint with respect to cause of action are as under:
1. The cause of action has arisen when the defendant No.1, behind the back of the plaintiff, entered into Conveyance Deed with defendant no.3 and defendant No.5.
2. Even the original title deeds and other documents partially pertaining to the suit property are in the custody of defendant No.2 Bank and by suppressing the fact that the plaintiff has absolute right over the suit property qua possession, the defendant No.1 has entered into Conveyance Deed with defendant No.3 and defendant No.5 stating that suit property is free from any encumbrance and/or mortgage.Page 31 of 37
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3. That the cause of action for filing the suit has arisen because the defendant No.3 and defendant No.5 made an application to mutate the entry in the revenue record in regard to the Deed of Conveyance. As the plaintiff is legitimately in possession of the suit property by virtue of license agreement, supplementary agreement, tripartite and amended tripartite agreement, it vehemently opposed the said entry and ultimately the authority concerned rejected the application of the defendant No.3 and defendant No.5 for mutation of entry in regard to Conveyance Deed. Thus the mutation entry with regard to mortgage of the suit property with defendant No.2 Bank still exists and the defendant No.2 Bank has not removed / revoked the said mortgage.
4. That though the plaintiff is in possession of the suit property by virtue of license agreement, supplementary agreement, tripartite agreement and amended tripartite agreement, the defendant No.1; behind the back of the plaintiff, entered into Conveyance Deed with defendant No.3 and defendant No.5.
5. The defendant No.1 even did not part with the sale consideration with the plaintiff which it has received from defendant No.3 and defendant No.5 for conveying the suit property to defendant No.3 and defendant No.5.
6. That the cause of action for filing the suit has arisen also as defendant No.1 had defaulted in repayment to Punjab National Bank and hence was not in a position to get any loan whatsoever in its own capacity from any financial institution, and as it was in need of financial assistance, defendant No.1 requested the plaintiff for financial help, because of which plaintiff obtained corporate loan of Rs.05.00 Crores on its name from defendant No.2 and advanced the same to defendant No.1.Page 32 of 37
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7. Even during the currency of the license agreement, plaintiff has paid other amounts also for and on behalf of the defendant No.1 towards wages to the workers, revenue taxes, electricity bills, excise duty, etc.
8. The cause of action has arisen because in lieu of all these financial help from plaintiff, defendant No.1 entered into tripartite agreement and subsequently amended tripartite agreement with plaintiff and defendant No.2 Bank, whereby defendant No.1 mortgaged the suit property with defendant No.2 Bank and stood as guarantor towards the corporate loan which was obtained by plaintiff in its name to help out the defendant No.1, wherein it has been specifically agreed by defendant No.1 that unless all and full legitimate dues of the plaintiff has been paid up, plaintiff shall enjoy the possession of the suit property.
9. That the cause of action for filing of the suit has arisen also because the plaintiff has to recover Rs.32.66 Crores from the defendant No.1 towards corporate loan and other amount, which the plaintiff has advanced to the defendant No.1.
[8.8] Considering the above and the reliefs prayed / sought in the suit, it can be said that the prayer in terms of para 33(A) can be said to be against the original defendant No.1 who is a party to the arbitration agreement contained in the license agreement. Prayer in terms of paras 33(B), 33(C) and 33(E) can be said to be against the original defendant No.1 and original defendant Nos.3 to 5. Original defendant Nos.3 to 5 are not party to the arbitration agreement and as such they are third parties who have alleged to have purchased the properties from the original defendant No.1 during the subsistence of the license agreement as well as they have purchased the said property surreptitiously. The prayer in terms of paras Page 33 of 37 C/FA/588/2018 JUDGMENT 33(D) and 33(F) can be said to be against the original defendant No.2 - Bank of Baroda who admittedly is not a party to the arbitration agreement. All these reliefs are interconnected and the reliefs sought in the plaint are on the basis of multiple cause of actions and multiple reliefs against the defendants and it is not possible to bifurcate the dispute in the suit between the plaintiff and the original defendant No.1 (parties to the arbitration agreement) and the original plaintiff and the original defendant Nos.2 to 5 (nonparties to the arbitration agreement). Therefore, applying the law laid down by the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of Sukanya Holdings (P) Ltd. (Supra) and other decisions referred to herein above, it cannot be said that the learned Commercial Court has committed any error in rejecting section 8 application and refusing to refer the matter / dispute in the suit for arbitration.
[8.9] Now, so far as the decisions relied upon by the learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the original defendant No.1 referred to herein above are concerned, on considering the said decisions, we are of the opinion that none of the decisions shall be applicable to the facts of the case on hand.
[8.10] Now, so far as the reliance placed upon the decision of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of M/s. Srivenkateswara Constructions & Ors. (Supra) by the learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the original defendant No.1 is concerned, on considering the said decision we are of the opinion that the said decision shall not be applicable to the facts of the case on hand. In the case before the Hon'ble Supreme Court the reliefs claimed in the suit were found to be flowing from a single cause of action. Dispute in the suit was between the plaintiff contractor against the first defendant Railways, both of whom were parties to the arbitration agreement.
Page 34 of 37C/FA/588/2018 JUDGMENT On facts the Hon'ble Supreme Court found that the relief sought against the original defendant No.2 (nonparty to the arbitration agreement) was wholly unnecessary having regard to the gist of the plaint. On facts it was observed by the Hon'ble Supreme Court that prayer (B) sought against the original defendant No.2 - nonparty to the arbitration agreement was really not an independent one. The plaintiffs also did not separately valued the said relief though a decree for declaration was asked in favour of all the plaintiffs as regards enforceability of the Bank Guarantee. Under the circumstances, on facts, the said decision shall not be of any assistance to the original defendant No.1.
[8.11] Now, so far as the decision of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of Afcons Infrastructure Ltd. (Supra) relied upon by the learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the original defendant No.1 is concerned, at the outset it is required to be noted that there cannot be any dispute to the proposition of law laid down by the Hon'ble Supreme Court on the need of the day to exercise powers under Section 89 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908. However, at the same time in the said decision the Hon'ble Supreme Court has specifically observed that if there is no agreement between the parties for reference to arbitration, the Court cannot refer the matter to arbitration under Section 89 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908. In the said decision it is further observed that a Court has no power, authority or jurisdiction to refer unwilling party to arbitration, if there is no arbitration agreement. Under the circumstances, the decision of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of the Afcons Constructions Ltd. (Supra) shall not be of any assistance to the original defendant No.1 in the facts and circumstances of the case.
Similarly, the decision of the learned Single Judge of the Page 35 of 37 C/FA/588/2018 JUDGMENT Bombay High Court in the case of A.B.K. Dubhash and Others (Supra) relied upon by the learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the original defendant No.1 also shall not be applicable to the facts of the case on hand. In the said case on facts it was observed by the Bombay High Court that one of the party to the arbitration agreement wanted to frustrate the purpose of the whole arbitration agreement by joining some third person / party to the suit and by overlooking the basic facts and agreement between the parties. In the present case as observed herein above as such it cannot be said that the original defendant Nos.2 to 5 who are nonparty to the arbitration agreement are joined in the suit to frustrate the whole purpose of arbitration agreement.
[8.12] Similarly, the decision of the Delhi High Court in the case of WPIL (Supra) also shall not be applicable to the facts of the case on hand. In the case before the Delhi High Court on facts it was found by the Delhi High Court that nonparties to the two sets of arbitration agreements are neither necessary, nor proper for the adjudication of disputes. In the case before the Delhi High Court the plaintiff failed to show how the defendants who were non parties to the arbitration agreement had any concern or connection with the dispute relating to termination of contract or the dispute with respect to alleged breach of the terms of the project agreement. On facts it was held that there was no dispute between the plaintiff and nonparties to the arbitration agreement. On the contrary in para 24 the Delhi High Court has specifically observed that the observations of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of Sukanya Holdings (P) Ltd. (Supra) suggests that the suit claims cannot be bifurcated / split up into arbitrable and nonarbitrable disputes. It is further observed that the said conclusion is not only logical but also in tune with the law that a plaint cannot be partly Page 36 of 37 C/FA/588/2018 JUDGMENT rejected.
[8.13] Considering the facts and circumstances of the case narrated herein above and the law laid down by the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of Sukanya Holdings Pvt. Ltd. (Supra) and other decisions referred to herein above, it cannot be said that the learned Commercial Court has committed any error in rejecting the application under Section 8 of the Arbitration Act, 1996 and refusing to refer the dispute / matter for arbitration. On facts it is not proper, advisable and/or possible to bifurcate the disputes viz. arbitrable and nonarbitrable. We are in complete agreement with the view taken by the learned Commercial Court while rejecting the application under Section 8 of the Arbitration Act, 1996.
[9.0] In view of the above and for the reasons stated above, both these First Appeals fail and the same deserve to be dismissed and are, accordingly, dismissed. However, in the facts and circumstances of the case, there shall be no order as to costs.
Sd/ (M.R. SHAH, J.) Sd/ (A.Y. KOGJE, J.) Ajay** Page 37 of 37