Supreme Court of India
Brahmanand vs Smt. Kaushalya Devi & Anr on 11 April, 1977
Equivalent citations: 1977 AIR 1198, 1977 SCR (3) 485, AIR 1977 SUPREME COURT 1198, 1977 3 SCR 485, 1977 (2) RENCR 39, 1977 ALL RENT CAS 362, 1977 (1) SCJ 532, 1977 (2) RENCJ 272, 1977 (2) RENTLR 15, 1977 3 SCC 1
Author: V.R. Krishnaiyer
Bench: V.R. Krishnaiyer, Ranjit Singh Sarkaria, Jaswant Singh
PETITIONER: BRAHMANAND Vs. RESPONDENT: SMT. KAUSHALYA DEVI & ANR. DATE OF JUDGMENT11/04/1977 BENCH: KRISHNAIYER, V.R. BENCH: KRISHNAIYER, V.R. SARKARIA, RANJIT SINGH SINGH, JASWANT CITATION: 1977 AIR 1198 1977 SCR (3) 485 1977 SCC (3) 1 CITATOR INFO : RF 1988 SC 452 (9) ACT: Eviction on the ground of arrears of rent--Tenant due to strained relations deposits rent in the Court--Whether such deposit shall be deemed that the rent has been duly paid--United Provinces (Temporary) Control of Rent and Eviction Act 1947. S. 3(1)(a) r/w. s. 7-C(v) and (6) inter- pretation of. HEADNOTE: Section 3(1)(a) of the United Provinces (Temporary) Control of Rent and Eviction Act, 1947, permits ejectment on the ground of arrears of-rent when the tenant is in arrears of rent for more than three months and has failed to pay the same to the landlord within one month of the service upon him of a notice of demand. Section 7-C(1) enables deposits of rent to be made when a landlord refuses to accept any rent lawfully paid to him by a tenant and s. 7-C(6) enjoins that "in any case where a deposit has been made as afore- said, it shall be deemed that the rent has been duly paid by the tenant to the landlord." The appellant-tenant had extremely strained relations with his landlady leading to criminal cases. He deposited the rent payable by him in the court regularly. The trial court as well as the High Court, taking the view that such prompt deposits of rent in the court did not satisfy the provisions of s. 3(1)(a) of the United 'Provinces (Tempo- rary) Control of Rent and Eviction Act, 1947, since it is not equivalent to payment of rent to the landlord, granted the ejection application filed by the respondent-landlady. Allowing the appeal by special leave and remanding the case, the court, HELD: (1 ) The construction pot by the courts below on s. 7-C is too narrow and a liberal construction of the expression "paid to him by a tenant" in s. 7-C (1) is neces- sary. [487 B-D] (2) A correct interpretation of s. 7 has to be condi- tioned by the circumstances prevailing between the parties. In a situation where not merely bitterness and friction but potentially violent terms mar the life of the parties, s. 7-C of the Act has to be read realistically. It is not necessary for the tenant to create a situation of tension and violence by physically giving the rent into the hands of the landlord. It is an idle ritual to insist or a physical tender of payment of rent where the circumstances make it impracticable. But harassing the landlord by straightaway depositing the rent in court without fulfilment of the conditions required by s. 7-C(1) is also unwarranted. [486 G-H, 487 A, D] The expression "where the deposit has been made as aforesaid" in s. 7-C (6) means that the deposit is permissi- ble only when the condition in s. 7-C(1) is complied with. If the landlord refuses to accept rent paid to him a deposit is permissible but payment need not be by physical tender person to person. It can be by money order or through messenger or by sending a notice to the landlord asking him to nominate a bank into which the rents may be regularly paid to the credit of the landlord. If the landlord refuses under these circumstances then a court deposit will be the remedy. In the instant case the courts below have not considered whether the circumstances which drove the appel- lant into the depositing of rent in court were such as eliminated the other possibilities of direct payment. [487 E-F, A] Observation It would be a far more satisfactory solution of the situation between two neighbours who have fallen out, if the parties would come to terms at the gentle suggestion of the court below as to what it considers Just aided by the activ- ist endeavours of counsel, than a mere adjudication of the points of fact and law raised which will leave the parties as bitter neighbours. [The court directed the appellate court to take .the initiative in the matter with a caution to-be totally non-aligned in the process. [488 A-B] 486 JUDGMENT:
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDCTION: CIVIL Appeal No. 711 of 1976. (Appeal by Special Leave from the Judgment and Order dated the 28-4-1976 of the Allahabad High Court in Second Appeal No. 1719 of 1972) Yogeshwar Prasad, Miss Rani Arora and Meera Bali, for the appellant.
S.L. Bhatia and H.K. Puri, for respondent No. 1. The Judgment of the' Court was delivered by KRISHNA IYER, J. The defendant-tenant is the appellant and the appeal is by special leave. The landlord sued' for ejectment on the ground of arrears of rent as provided in s. 3 of the United Provinces (Temporary) Control of Rent and Eviction Act, 1947. Section 3(1) (a) states, among one of the grounds of eviction, "that the tenant is in arrears of rent for more than three months and has failed to pay the same to the landlord within one month of the service upon him of a notice of demand." ' In the present case, the complaint of the plaintiff was that the rent was not paid but was deposited into court regularly. The trial court as well as the High Court took the view that such prompt deposits of rent into court did not satisfy the provisions of s. 3(1)(a) since it is not equivalent to payment of rent to the landlord. Counsel for the appellant contends. that s. 7-C(6) of the Act strikes a different note. It reads:
"In any case where a deposit has been made, as aforesaid, it shall be deemed that the rent has been duly paid by the tenant to the landlord. (emphasis supplied)"
S. 7-C(1)enables deposits of rent to be made when a landlord refuses to accept any rent lawfully paid to him by a tenant. In the present case the facts are glaring. The relations between the parties appears to be extremely strained and they are living in adjacent premises. There was a criminal case by the tenant against the landlord as early as 1969 for offences under ss. 323, 504, 506, 352, 354 and 452 I.P.C. The case ended in an acquittal but the relations did not improve. Even now there is a pending prosecution by the tenant of the landlord for offences of a serious nature. It is common ground that not merely bit- terness and friction but potentially violent terms mar the life of these parties. In such a situation s. 7-C of the Act has to be .read realistically. It is not. necessary for the tenant to create a situation, of tension and Violence by physically offering the rent into the hands of the landlord. We are satisfied that a correct interpretation of s. 7 has to be conditioned by the circumstances prevailing between the. parties: In the case we are concerned with, the rela- tions between the parties being Very estranged it is an idle 487 ritual to insist on a physical tender of payment of the rent where the circumstances make it impractical and, therefore, subject to what we have said later, prima facie, s. 7-C(1) is attracted and in such cases s. 7-C(6) makes court deposit equivalent to payment by the tenant to the landlord. Of course, in the absence of special and adequate grounds the tenant cannot drive the landlord to collect his rent every time through the court with all the attendant inconvenience and expense.
We consider the construction put by the courts below on s. 7-C too narrow. The High Court has proceeded on the footing that a deposit under s. 7-C can be made only if the landlord refuses to accept the rent tendered to him or, if there is any dispute as to the person who is actually enti- tled to receive the rent. "None of the conditions existed in the instant case... and the plaintiff had asked the defend- ant not to deposit the rent in court but to pay her the same. The defendant was accordingly required to pay the rent to her, not to deposit the same in court. The deposit, accordingly, could not constitute payment of rent to the plaintiff and the defendant, consequently, was in arrears of rent... ".
As we have earlier pointed out, a liberal construction of the expression paid to him by a tenant in s. 7-C(1) is necessary. Physically offering payment when the relations between the parties are strained is to ask for trouble and be impractical. But harassing the landlord by straightway depositing the rent in court without fulfilment of the conditions required by s. 7-C(1) is also unwarranted. Sec- tion 7-C(6) by using the expression 'where the deposit has been made as aforesaid' takes us back to s. 7-C(1). That is to say, the deposit is permissible only when the condition in s. 7-C(1) is complied with. If the landlord refuses to accept rent paid to him a deposit is permissible. But pay- ment need not be by physical tender, person to person. It can be by money order, or through messenger or by sending a notice to the landlord asking him to nominate a bank into which the rents may be regularly paid to the credit of the landlord. If the landlord refuses under these circum- stances, then a court deposit will be the remedy.
In the present case, on account of the bad blood be- tween the parties a physical tender of the rent is ruled out. At the same time the courts below have not considered whether the circumstances which drove the appellant into depositing the rent in court were such as eliminated the other possibilities of direct payment we have indicated. It is therefore fair to set aside the finding of the courts below and remand the case to the lower appellate court (which. is the final court of fact under ordinary circum- stances) to ascertain whether any of the alternatives we have indicated, or may otherwise be made out by the tenant as equivalent to payment of rent, is present in the case. If no such circumstance is made out by the tenant justifying deposit of rent in court, the decree for eviction will stand. Otherwise, the petition for eviction will be dis- missed.
488It may well be that having regard to the fact that the respondent,the landlady belonging to the weaker sex, has necessarily to live as adjacent occupant of the appellant, a fairly affluent doctor, and taking note of the fact that the relations between the parties are so embittered as to lead to criminal cases, it may be furtherance of justice if the appellate court tries to settle the dispute without taking sides. If the parties are able to come to terms at the gentle suggestion of the court as to what it considers just, aided by the activist endeavours of counsel, it would be a far more satisfactory solution of the situation between two neighbors who have fallen out than a bare adju- dication of the points of fact and law raised which will leave the parties as bitter neighbors. We therefore think it proper to direct the appellate court to take the initia- tive in the matter but caution it to be totally non-aligned in the process.
With these observations we allow the appeal' and remand the case to the lower appellate court. Parties will bear their own costs upto now incurred.
S.R. Appeal allowed.
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