Delhi High Court - Orders
M/S Silver Arrow Automobiles Pvt. Ltd. ... vs Delhi Jal Board & Ors on 28 August, 2024
Author: Purushaindra Kumar Kaurav
Bench: Purushaindra Kumar Kaurav
$~71
* IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI
+ W.P.(C) 9430/2024
M/S SILVER ARROW AUTOMOBILES PVT. LTD.
(THROUGH ITS AUTHORISED REPRESENTATIVE, SH.
NITIN GARG)
.....Petitioner
Through: Mr. Angad Ahluwalia, Ms. Ritika
Bansal and Mr. Jatin Verma,
Advs.
versus
DELHI JAL BOARD & ORS. .....Respondents
Through: Mr. Siddhant Nath, SC for R-3.
CORAM:
HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE PURUSHAINDRA KUMAR KAURAV
ORDER
% 28.08.2024
1. The petitioner in the instant writ petition has prayed for the following relief:-
"A. Issue a Writ of Mandamus or any other Writ directing the Respondents to repair the overflow of toxic sewer water and waste, with nauseating stench, on the road in front of Petitioner's workshop, in a time-bound manner, so as to prevent further violation of rights Arts 19 and 21 of the Constitution of India"
2. The Court vide order dated 12.07.2024, directed for issuance of notice to the respondents and directed the respondents to take instructions and to file reply.
3. Learned counsel appearing for the respondents prays for further time to take instructions and to file the reply.
This is a digitally signed order.
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4. Learned counsel appearing for the petitioner, however, raises urgency in view of the recent monsoon session. He, therefore, submits that if the urgent steps are not taken, the substantial rights of the petitioner stand infringed. He accordingly opposes the prayer allowing the respondents to file Counter.
5. The Court has considered the nature of the grievance which has been raised in the instant writ petition that essentially relates to the alleged overflow of toxic sewer water and waste, thereby, causing nuisance to the petitioner and public at large. The Court however, is unable to pass any positive directions in absence of the counter on behalf of the respondents.
6. The Court has also considered the provisions under the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023. In the considered opinion of the Court, if the petitioner has any grievance which is allegedly leading to public nuisance, the appropriate recourse is to agitate before competent magistrate. The said remedy is available under Section 152 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, ["Sanhita"] which is the corresponding provision to Section 133 in the erstwhile Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 ["CrPC"].
7. Section 152 of the said Sanhita deals with the conditional order for removal of nuisance. As per the pleadings made in the instant writ petition and in view of the definition of nuisance under Section 270 of the Sanhita, the Court is of the opinion that the same falls within the definition of nuisance.
8. A perusal of the Section 152 of Sanhita would indicate that the underlying rationale behind the enactment of such provision is to prevent This is a digitally signed order.
The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 31/08/2024 at 02:19:01 public nuisance. This Section empowers a magistrate to deal with specific public nuisance and it provides a summary remedy for their removal. The remedy is efficacious as the concerned Magistrate will have first hand information about the ground reality. He is capable to even personally inspecting the site. The scope and extent of Section 152 of Sanhita can be understood from the following discussion in the case of Ratlam v. Vardichan, wherein, it was held as under:-
"9. So the guns of Section 133 go into action wherever there is public nuisance. The public power of the magistrate under the Code is a public duty to the members of the public who are victims of the nuisance, and so he shall exercise it when the jurisdictional facts are present as here. "All power is a trust -- that we are accountable for its exercise -- that, from the people, and for the people, all springs, and all must exist." [Vivian Grey, Bk. VI Ch. 7, Benjamin Disraeli] Discretion becomes a duty when the beneficiary brings home the circumstances for its benign exercise."
9. In Ratlam (supra), the issue which was posited before the Supreme Court for adjudication pertained to the legality of the order passed by the magistrate under Section 133 of CrPC curbing the alleged public nuisance. The Supreme Court, while upholding the order of the magistrate under Section 133 of CrPC to remove the public nuisance having a nexus with the drainage system, took a view that an order abating the nuisance by taking a timely affirmative action may be justified in the given circumstances. Thus, it was clarified that there is no fetter on the power of the magistrate to wield an authority to remove the public nuisance where the circumstances warrant such an invocation. The relevant paragraphs of the said decision read as under:-
"13. Section 133 CrPC is categoric, although reads discretionary. Judicial discretion when facts for its exercise are present, has a mandatory import. Therefore, when the Sub-Divisional Magistrate, Ratlam, has before him, information and evidence, which disclose the existence of a public This is a digitally signed order.
The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 31/08/2024 at 02:19:02 nuisance and, on the materials placed, he considers that such unlawful obstruction or nuisance should be removed from any public place which may be lawfully used by the public, he shall act. Thus, his judicial power shall, passing through the procedural barrel, fire upon the obstruction or nuisance, triggered by the jurisdictional facts. The Magistrate's responsibility under Section 133 CrPC is to order removal of such nuisance within a time to be fixed in the order. This is a public duty implicit in the public power to be exercised on behalf of the public and pursuant to a public proceeding. Failure to comply with the direction will be visited with a punishment contemplated by Section 188 IPC. Therefore, the Municipal Commissioner or other executive authority bound by the order under Section 133 CrPC shall obey the direction because disobedience, if it causes obstruction or annoyance or injury to any persons lawfully pursuing their employment, shall be punished with simple imprisonment or fine as prescribed in the section. The offence is aggravated if the disobedience tends to cause danger to human health or safety. The imperative tone of Section 133 CrPC read with the punitive temper of Section 188 IPC make the prohibitory act a mandatory duty.
16. In this view, the Magistrate's approach appears to be impeccable although in places he seems to have been influenced by the fact that "cultured and educated people" live in this area and "New Road, Ratlam is a very important road and so many prosperous and educated persons are living on this road". In India "one man, one value" is the democracy of remedies and rich or poor, the law will call to order where people's rights are violated. What should also have been emphasised was the neglect of the Malaria Department of the State of Madhya Pradesh to eliminate mosquitoes, especially with open drains, heaps of dirt, public excretion by humans for want of lavatories and slums nearby, had created an intolerable situation for habitation. An order to abate the nuisance by taking affirmative action on a timebound basis is justified in the circumstances. The nature of the judicial process is not purely adjudicatory nor is it functionally that of an umpire only. Affirmative action to make the remedy effective is of the essence of the right which otherwise becomes sterile. Therefore, the court, armed with the provisions of the two Codes and justified by the obligation under Section 123 of the Act, must adventure into positive directions as it has done in the present case. Section 133 CrPC authorises the prescription of a time- limit for carrying out the order. The same provision spells out the power to give specific directives. We see no reason to disagree with the order of the magistrate."
(emphasis supplied) This is a digitally signed order.
The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 31/08/2024 at 02:19:02
10. This Court, vide order dated 20.08.2024 in W.P.(C.) 11400/2024 titled as Sh. Nilabh Sharma v. Municipal Corporation of Delhi, wherein, the issue revolved around the causing of public nuisance due to placement of dustbins near the petitioner's house, dismissed the petition while reserving the right in favour of the petitioner to avail the remedy under Section 152 of Sanhita. The relevant observations of the Court in the said case read as under:-
"9. In another case titled as Gobind Singh v. Shanti Sarup, which involved the magistrate directing the owner of the bakery to demolish his oven and chimney as it caused inconvenience to the public at large, the Supreme Court has held as under:-
"7. It is true that the learned Additional Sessions Judge did not agree with the findings of the Sub-Divisional Magistrate, but considering the evidence in the case, the reasons given by the Magistrate in support of his order and the fact that the High Court was unable to accept the recommendation made by the Additional Sessions Judge, we are of the opinion that in a matter of this nature where what is involved is not merely the right of a private individual but the health, safety and convenience of the public at large, the safer course would be to accept the view of the learned Magistrate, who saw for himself the hazard resulting from the working of the bakery."
(emphasis supplied)
10. The Division Bench of the Punjab and Haryana High Court in the case of Vipan Kumar v. State of Punjab, while dealing with a case where the prayer involved removal of garbage reinforced the position that the subdivisional magistrate is invested with the powers under Section 133 of CrPC to remove nuisance. The relevant paragraphs of the said decision is reproduced herein for reference:-
"6. It is to be noticed that the Sub-Divisional Magistrate, Mukerian who is present in Court has powers under Section 133 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (Cr.P.C. - for short) for removal of nuisance.
7. Hon'ble the Supreme Court in Municipal Council, Ratlam v. Vardhichand, (1980) 4 SCC 162 : AIR 1980 SC 1622 has held that the Magistrate's responsibility under Section 133 Cr.P.C. is to order removal of nuisance within a time to be fixed in the order. This it was said is a public duty implicit in the public power to be exercised This is a digitally signed order.
The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 31/08/2024 at 02:19:02 on behalf of the public and pursuant to a public proceeding. It was said that Section 133 Cr.P.C., permits enforcement of civic rights under the Municipal Law where the neglect had led to a public nuisance. The Section permits affirmative action to abate the nuisance on a time bound basis by issuing specific directives. Failure to comply with the directions issued by a Magistrate would be visited with the punishment contemplated by Section 188 of the Penal Code, 1860 ("IPC" - for short). The Municipal or other Executive Authorities are bound by the order under Section 133 Cr.P.C. and they are to obey the directions of the Sub Divisional Magistrate because disobedience, if it causes obstruction or annoyance or injury to any persons lawfully pursuing their employment is to be punished with simple imprisonment or fine as prescribed in Section 188 IPC. The offence is aggravated if the disobedience tends to cause danger to human health or safety. The imperative tone of Section 133 Cr.P.C. read with the punitive temper of Section 188 IPC makes the prohibitory act a mandatory duty.
***
9. In the circumstances, there is no reason whatsoever as to why the Municipal Authorities at Mukerian should not undertake the task of removing the garbage from the city to make the city clean and habitable for its residents. They are under a statutory duty and obligation to remove the garbage from the city. The Sub Divisional Magistrate, Mukerian is invested with the powers under Section 133 Cr.P.C. to remove the nuisance.
10. Therefore, the learned Sub Divisional Magistrate, Mukerian shall ensure that she performs her statutory duty and ensures that the garbage is removed from Mukerian Town preferably within a period of three months as has been submitted.
11. It is made clear that the Sub Divisional Magistrate shall exercise all powers contemplated by Section 133 Cr.P.C. for the removal of garbage and would be at liberty to initiate action under Section 188 IPC against those disobeying her orders.
12. The writ petition is accordingly disposed of with liberty to the petitioners to seek revival of the same, if need be."
(emphasis supplied) ***
13. The Court finds it pertinent to refer to a judgment rendered by a Division Bench of this Court in Surender Kumar Sood v. MCD , wherein, it was observed that a remedy under the writ jurisdiction is to be invoked as a measure of last resort, only after the petitioner has exhausted all other This is a digitally signed order.
The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 31/08/2024 at 02:19:02 available remedies. The relevant paragraph is referred below:
"4. It is a well settled principle of law of mandamus that before approaching the High Court for such a writ the petitioner should first approach the authority concerned for the relief he wants and only if that is not granted to him, then he can file a writ in the High Court. The party cannot directly come to the High Court for making such a grievance vide ......"
14. It is thus discernible from the aforesaid discussion that the concerned magistrate under Section 152 of BNSS, 2023 has the power to remove public nuisance in circumstances which warrant exercise of such powers. Therefore, in the instant case, the petitioner can duly approach the magistrate to ventilate his grievance rather than directly invoking writ jurisdiction under Article 226 of the Constitution of India."
11. Admittedly, in the present case, there is nothing on record to indicate that the petitioners have resorted to the said remedy for redressal of their grievances. Moreover, no explanation has been offered by the petitioners as to why the said remedy is inefficacious.
12. In view of the aforesaid, at this stage, the Court instead of passing any positive directions against the respondents disposes of this petition with liberty to the petitioner to approach the concerned jurisdictional District Magistrate for rederasal of its grievance at first place.
13. Let the concerned jurisdictional District Magistrate deal with the grievance of the petitioner strictly in accordance with law and to pass appropriate orders.
PURUSHAINDRA KUMAR KAURAV, J AUGUST 28, 2024p This is a digitally signed order.
The authenticity of the order can be re-verified from Delhi High Court Order Portal by scanning the QR code shown above. The Order is downloaded from the DHC Server on 31/08/2024 at 02:19:02