Supreme Court of India
Rupinder Singh Sodhi And Another vs Union Of India And Others on 18 November, 1982
Equivalent citations: 1983 AIR 65, 1983 SCR (1) 841, AIR 1983 SUPREME COURT 65, 1983 (1) SCC 140, (1982) 95 MAD LW 140, 1983 SCC(CRI) 136, 1982 UJ (SC) 880, 1982 CRI APP R (SC) 403, (1983) JAB LJ 42, (1983) 1 SCR 841 (SC), 1983 (1) SCR 841, (1983) 1 SCJ 225
Author: Y.V. Chandrachud
Bench: Y.V. Chandrachud, Amarendra Nath Sen
PETITIONER:
RUPINDER SINGH SODHI AND ANOTHER
Vs.
RESPONDENT:
UNION OF INDIA AND OTHERS
DATE OF JUDGMENT18/11/1982
BENCH:
CHANDRACHUD, Y.V. ((CJ)
BENCH:
CHANDRACHUD, Y.V. ((CJ)
SEN, AMARENDRA NATH (J)
CITATION:
1983 AIR 65 1983 SCR (1) 841
1983 SCC (1) 140 1982 SCALE (2)1073
ACT:
Freedom of movement on Highways-Reasonable restraints
during mass agitations-Extent of.
HEADNOTE:
In the wake of a threatened Morcha by Akalis which was
to coincide with the inauguration of the Asian Games at
Delhi, some States apprehended that the Morcha might
interfere with the holding of the games and took measures to
intercept The- movement of Akalis to Delhi. On the question
raised by the petitioners that placing of obstructions on
highways so as to impede free flow of traffic was per se
unlawful,
^
HELD: No one is entitled to barricade a highway so as
to prevent members of the public from using it while they
are OD their lawful business in the pursuit of normal
avocations of life. But the police, whose duty it is to
enforce law and order in the wake of threatened mass
agitations which are reasonably likely to lead to breach of
public peace, are entitled in the discharge of that duty to
impose reasonable restraints on the physical movement of
members of the public to protect public property and to
avoid needless inconvenience to other citizens in their
lawful pursuits. But all such restraints on personal
liberty, if at all, have to be commensurate with the object
which furnishes their justification. They must be minimal
and cannot exceed constraints of the particular situation,
either in nature or in duration. above all, they cannot he
used as engines of oppression, persecution, harassment or
the like. The sanctity of person and of privacy has to be
maintained at all costs and that cannot ever be violated
under the guise of maintenance of law and 1 order. The rule
of law requires that no person shall be subjected to harsh,
uncivilized or discriminatory treatment even when the
objective is the securing of the paramount exigencies of law
and order. [842-F-H; 843-A-G]
JUDGMENT:
ORIGINAL JURISDICTION: Writ Petition Nos. 8816 and 8817 of 1982. G (Under Article 32 of the Constitution of India) Hardev Singh and Bishambhar Lal Khanna for the Petitioner.
K.G. Bhagat Addl. Sol-Gen., R.N. Poddar and Mrs. S. Dikshit for Respondents 3 and 4.
842The order of the Court was delivered by CHANDRACHUD, C.J. BY these writ petitions, the petitioners, some of whom are practising lawyers and some Members of the Parliament, ask for an appropriate writ directing the State of Haryana and the State of Uttar Pradesh to remove all obstructions on the highways and to allow unhindered and unintercepted the use of highways railways and airways without making any discrimination against the Akali Sikhs on the ground of religion. Stated briefly, the case of the petitioners is that in the recent past, a movement was set afoot in the State of Punjab consequent upon certain demands made by the members of the Akali Party and as a result of that movement, large scale arrests of Sikhs were effected, bordering on harassment and persecution. It would appear that a declaration was made by certain Akali leaders that a Morcha would be taken to Delhi on November 19, 1982 which coincides with the inauguration of the Asiad games. Apprehending that the Morcha will interfere with the holding of the games, the border States, particularly Haryana and Uttar Pradesh, appear to have taken certain measures to intercept the movement of Akalis across the border on to Delhi with a view to ensuring that the proposed Morcha is not staged in the manner feared and the Asiad not disrupted.
Mr. Hardev Singh who appears on behalf of the petitioners argues that highways are dedicated to the public and are meant for their use for passing and repassing. Therefore, he argues, no obstruction can be placed thereon which will impede the free flow of traffic, any such obstruction being per se unlawful. Having given our anxious consideration to the submissions made by Mr. Hardev . Singh, we agree that no one is entitled to barricade a highway so as to prevent members of the public from using it while they are on their lawful business in the pursuit of normal avocations of life. But the police, whose duty it is to enforce law and order in the wake of threatened mass agitations which are reasonably likely to lead to breach of public peace, are entitled in the discharge of that duty to impose reasonable restraints on the physical movement of members of the public in order to the protection of public property and the avoidance of needless inconvenience to other citizens in their lawful pursuits. But all such restraints on personal liberty, if at all, have to be commensurate with the object which furnishes their justification. They must be minimal and cannot exceed the Constraints of the particular situation, either in nature or in duration. Above all they cannot be used as engines of oppression, 843 persecution, harassment or the like. The sanctity of person and of privacy has to be maintained at all costs and that cannot ever be violated under the guise of maintenance of law and order.
We feel uneasy and concerned to hear that policemen of certain States have violated the norms of decency in their dealing with the situation arising out of the Akali-Asiad tangle. We assume for lack of better evidence that the grievance made by the petitioners before us is more the offspring of a natural feeling of resentment at being stopped and searched than of any substantial invasion of their personal freedom. If and when there is proof of latter, Courts may have to step in and stop the excesses. But the rule of law a requires that no person shall be subjected to harsh, uncivilised or discriminatory treatment even when the objective is the securing of the paramount exigencies of law and order. Therefore, no Sikh can be allowed to be so treated if our Constitution has to have any meaning and effect.
We believe it not to be true that any Chief Minister has made a public declaration that police officers who will treat the Akali Sikhs harshly will be dealt with lightly. It is incredible that any highly placed person in his senses can possibly make such a Statement, with the kind of pressure of public opinion and the press which, fortunately, we have in our country to-day. E There does not appear to be any executive order in existence, in writing at any rate, authorising the police to barricade any highway or to subject every Sikh in motion to physical restraint. But in an appropriate case, a presumption may well be drawn as to the existence of such an order if it is found that the police are generally p acting systematically according to a set and uniform pattern or are otherwise engaged in a large scale operation of any similar or mister kind. For want of acceptable evidence, we hesitate to draw that presumption in this case and will leave the matter where it lies for the time being. Redress may, if so advised, be sought in individual cases by those aggrieved by the alleged acts Of excesses.
This order will dispose of these writ petitions. H.L.C. 844