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State of Punjab - Section

Section 846 in Punjab Jail Manual, 1996

846. Details to be attended to in conducting a dairy.

- As a measure of economy and a preventive of disease, every jail should, when possible, have a dairy. To secure the successful and profitable working of the dairy of the following instructions should be attended to : -
(1)The cattle sheds must be sufficiently commodious, well ventilated but protected from draughts, and the floor should be paved with brick or stone and lightly sloped to a masonry drain which empties itself into a receptacle outside. There should be a separate compartment for weaned calves.
(2)The cattle may be allowed out to graze, but cows actually in milk should be stall-fed and confined to the cow-house enclosure.
(3)The best breed of cows obtainable should be selected and the improvement of the breed kept in view. If a good bull is not in stock, the services of the best procurable in the neighbourhoods should be obtained. Every cow should be numbered.
(4)A sufficient number of cows should be always in milk. Those which are permanently barren, male calves and female calves in excess of the number required to keep the dairy going, should be sold. If it is found cheaper to sell all the female calves and purchase full grown cows, this should be done.
(5)Bran, dal husks, oil-cake, food left uneaten by prisoners, grass and other produce from the jail land, should be given to the cattle. If these do not suffice, such other food as is necessary should be purchased.
(6)The Deputy Superintendent shall be allowed to keep two cows with their two calves or a horse in lieu of one of the cows. No other subordinate shall be permitted to keep private cattle in the jail premises. Private cattle shall on no account be kept with the jail cattle, nor shall any of the food belonging to the jail be allowed for them.
(7)The milk of the jail cows and every article manufactured from it, shall be used in the jail and by prisoners only. The produce of the jail dairy shall firstly be devoted to the needs of the sick and the prisoners in the convalescent gang, after these have been supplied, and balance remaining shall be issued as milk or dahi to ordinary prisoners in lieu of a nutritive equivalent of dal.
(8)The manufacture of butter or ghee is prohibited. Milk shall be boiled before use under the supervision of the Medical Subordinate, who shall be held responsible for its proper disposal.
(9)All vessels used for holding and boiling milk should be washed in boiling water immediately after use. Tin vessels are best, but for boiling milk a tinned copper vessel is preferable and for setting dahi glazed earthen vessels may be used. A properly secured and well ventilated place should be provided in which to store milk from the time it has been drawn, until it is about to be issued.
(10)The manure from the dairy should be used for improving the jail garden. When there is a sufficient supply of manure from other sources, the cow dung should be dried and utilized as fuel either in its natural state or made into cakes.
(11)A statement (Form No. 85) giving details of the working of the dairy, shall be submitted on or before the 20th January, each year, to the Inspector-General.
(12)The following scale of diet is fixed for jail cattle :-
Sr. No Description of cattle Bhusa Gram Oil- cake Salt Green grass & weeds
    Kgs. Kgs. Kgs. Kgs. Kgs.
1. Working bullock or he-buffalo. 9.300 1.860 0.930 0.465 1.860
2. Stud bull for dairy. 9.300 2.325 1.160 .. ..
3. Dry she-buffalo. 9.300 0.465 0.230 .. ..
4. Dry she-cow 7.440 0.465 0.230 .. ..
5. Buffalo in Milk 9.300 2.790 0.930 .. ..
6. Cow in Milk 7.440 1.860 0.930. .. ..
7. Calves not exceeding 6 months old - - - - ..
8. Calves above 6 months but not exceeding one yearold 3.720 0.465 - - -
9. Calves above one year but not exceeding 2 yearsold 5.580 0.465 0.465 - 1.860
10. Calves above 2 years old 6.510 0.465 0.465 0.230  
(a)Green fodder when available should replace Bhusa at the rate of 3 to 1 but not more than 3/4 of Bhusa should be so replaced.
(b)It would be desirable if a larger variety of food-stuff could be obtained.
(c)During summer months barely and during winter cotton seeds may be issued to cattle in milk, but within the scale of gram and oil-cake allowed above.
(d)Cheapness and palatability are the chief considerations when compounding a mixed ration.
(e)Green grass and weeds must be available in the garden in good quantity.
(f)Bran collected in the grain godown should be issued to cattle daily or sold if in excess of requirements and not allowed to accumulate.
(g)1.860 kgs. of gram and 930 gms of oil-cake, should be issued to a working bullock from the 26th March to the 25th October and 2.325 Kgs of gram and 465 gms of oil-cake for the remaining period of the year.
(h)Green fodder, grass and bran are not to be purchased in the market.
(i)Buffalo giving milk in excess of 9.300 kgs shall get 930 grams extra. A certificate signed by the Superintendent should be attached to the detailed contingent bill in which the extra charge is made.
A stud bull requires double the above scale.A Hansi bullock should receive 930 gm of gram in addition to the above scale.All these articles are readily obtainable at all seasons with perhaps the occasional exception of green grass though sufficient grass can almost at all times be obtained from the jail garden water-courses or plots of grass of the jail land. Every endeavour should be made to raise all articles of fodder on the jail premises, as to avoid the need of purchases as far as possible. Lots of green food is the main article to rely on.Jail bullocks should get three meals a day viz., at day-break, 1 p.m. and at sunset. No animal should be worked immediately before, nor for two hours after a meal. Further, they should get clean water to drink, be groomed daily and not exposed unnecessarily to the midday sun in hot weather, or to heavy rain or intense cold. In very cold weather a 'jhool' should be provided for each animal at night, and their houses should at all times be kept clean and well ventilated.