Madras High Court
Nallasivam vs State Through on 16 February, 2021
Author: R. Hemalatha
Bench: R. Hemalatha
Crl.OP.(MD)No.267 of 2021
BEFORE THE MADURAI BENCH OF MADRAS HIGH COURT
DATED : 16.02.2021
CORAM :
THE HONOURABLE MRS. JUSTICE R. HEMALATHA
Crl.OP.(MD)No.267 of 2021
and
Crl.MP(MD)No.89 of 2021
Nallasivam ... Petitioner
Vs.
State through
The Inspector of Police,
EOW-II,
Karur.
Crime No.1 of 2014. ... Respondent
PRAYER: Criminal Original Petition filed under Section 482 of the Code of
Criminal Procedure, to set aside the Order dated 23.12.2020 passed in
Crl.M.P.No.2126 of 2020 in C.C.No.5 of 2015 by the Special Judge, Special
Court under TANPID Act Cases, Madurai.
For Petitioner : Mr.D.S.Haroon Rasheed
For Respondent : Mr.A.Robinson
Government Advocate (Criminal side)
http://www.judis.nic.in
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Crl.OP.(MD)No.267 of 2021
ORDER
The present petition has been filed to set aside the Order dated 23.12.2020 passed in Crl.M.P.No.2126 of 2020 in C.C.No.5 of 2015 on the file of the Special Judge, Special Court under TANPID Act Cases, Madurai.
2. The petitioner / second accused is facing trial in CC.No.5 of 2015 on the file of the Special Judge, Special Court under TANPID Act Cases, Madurai, for the alleged offences punishable under Sections 406, 420, 120(b) of Indian Penal Code and Section 5 of Tamil Nadu Protection of Interest Depositors (In Financial Establishments) Act, 1997. During the course of trial, the prosecution examined 27 witnesses on various dates from 16.02.2017 to 08.07.2017. Thereafter, the prosecution side evidence was closed on 08.08.2017 and the petitioner / accused did not cross examine the witnesses on the day when they were examined in Chief. After questioning the accused under Section 313 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, the matter is posted for arguments. At this juncture, the petitioner has filed a petition under Section 311 of the Code of Criminal Procedure in Crl.M.P. (MD)No.2126 of 2020 in C.C.No.5 of 2015 to recall P.W.1 to P.W.27 for the purpose of cross examining the witnesses and the said petition was http://www.judis.nic.in 2/12 Crl.OP.(MD)No.267 of 2021 dismissed by the learned Special Judge, Special Court under TANPID Act Cases, Madurai, vide order dated 23.12.2020. Aggrieved over the same, the petitioner/accused has filed the present petition.
3.Mr.D.S.Haroon Rasheed, learned counsel appearing for the petitioner / accused contended that though the petitioner paid batta for recalling the witnesses, the prosecution did not produce the witnesses for the purpose of cross examination and thereafter, the District Revenue Officer was taking steps to settle the issue amicably between the accused and the depositors.
4. Per contra, Mr.A.Robinson, learned Government Advocate (Criminal Side) appearing for the respondent contended that the petition to recall P.W.1 to P.W.27 was filed by the petitioner / accused is without any valid reason and the learned Special Judge, Special Court under TANPID Act Cases, Madurai, has rightly dismissed the said petition. He also contended that the present petitioner did not appear before the Court and Non Bailable Warrant was also issued against him and thereafter, he was arrested and remanded to Judicial custody.
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5.It is seen from the records that P.W.1 to P.W.27 were examined on various dates from 16.02.2017 to 08.07.2017 and after the evidence on the side of the prosecution was closed and the accused were also questioned under Section 313 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, the present petition came to be filed before the Trial Court.
6.The contention of the petitioner is that the prosecution did not produce the witnesses, even though he paid batta cannot be accepted for the simple reason that the petitioner/accused did not cross examine the witnesses, when they were examined in chief. Moreover, a Non Bailable Warrant was also issued against the present petitioner for his non-
appearance and subsequently, he was arrested and remanded to Judicial custody.
7.The Trial court vide orders dated 23.12.2020 in Crl.M.P.No. 2126 of 2020 in C.C.No.5 of 2015, in paragraph No.6, has observed as follows :
"6. It is also seen that thereafter for the last 3 years, the petitioner has not taken any steps to cross examine the witnesses, process fee was not paid. On 05.10.2020, this Court directed this petitioner/ http://www.judis.nic.in 4/12 Crl.OP.(MD)No.267 of 2021 accused to pay process fee for issuing summons to the witnesses on 13.10.2020 and 20.10.2020, process fee not paid and so on 21.10.2020, the evidence was closed. Then the case was posted for defence evidence. Since no witnesses were produced, the defence evidence was also closed. From 6.11.2020, this case is posted for arguments. It is seen that after the questioning u/s.313 Cr.P.C on 16.08.2017, this petitioner/accused never appeared before this Court. So on 1.12.2020, this Court issued Non Bailable Warrant and the petitioner was arrested and remanded. It is seen that all along this petitioner did not pay process fee to recall the witness and he did not take any steps for cross examine and now only to delay the proceedings, this petition is filed."
8. In the decision in State (NCT of Delhi) Vs. Shiv Kumar Yadav reported in (2016) 2 SCC 402, the Hon'ble Supreme Court has held thus:
“29.We may now sum up our reasons for disapproving the view of the High Court in the present case:
(i)The trial court and the High Court held that the accused had appointed counsel of his http://www.judis.nic.in 5/12 Crl.OP.(MD)No.267 of 2021 choice. He was facing trial in other cases also. The earlier counsel were given due opportunity and had duly conducted cross-examination. They were under no handicap;
(ii)No finding could be recorded that the counsel appointed by the accused were incompetent particularly at the back of such counsel;
(iii) Expeditious trial in a heinous offence as is alleged in the present case is in the interests of justice;
(iv)The trial Court as well as the High Court rejected the reasons for recall of the witnesses;
(v)The Court has to keep in mind not only the need for giving fair opportunity to the accused but also the need for ensuring that the victim of the crime is not unduly harassed;
(vi)Mere fact that the accused was in custody and that he will suffer by the delay could be no consideration for allowing recall of witnesses, particularly at the fag end of the trial;
(vii)Mere change of counsel cannot be ground to recall the witnesses;
(viii)There is no basis for holding that any prejudice will be caused to the accused unless the witnesses are recalled;
(ix)The High Court has not rejected the reasons given by the trial court nor given any http://www.judis.nic.in 6/12 Crl.OP.(MD)No.267 of 2021 justification for permitting recall of the witnesses except for making general observations that recall was necessary for ensuring fair trial. This observation is contrary to the reasoning of the High Court in dealing with the grounds for recall I.e., denial of fair opportunity on account of incompetence of earlier counsel or on account of expeditious proceedings;
(x)There is neither any patent error in the approach adopted by the trial court rejecting the prayer for recall nor any clear injustice if such prayer is not granted.”
9. Further, in Rajaram Prasad Yadav Vs. State of Bihar reported in (2013) 14 SCC 461, the Hon'ble Supreme Court has culled out certain principles to be kept in mind, while exercising power under Section 311 Cr.P.C., which read as follows:-
“(i)The exercise of the widest discretionary power under Section 311 Cr.P.C. should ensure that the judgment should not be rendered on inchoate, inconclusive speculative presentation of facts, as thereby the ends of justice would be defeated.
(ii) If evidence of any witness appears to the Court to be essential to the just decision of the case, it is the power of the Court to summon and examine http://www.judis.nic.in 7/12 Crl.OP.(MD)No.267 of 2021 or recall and re-examine any such person.
(iii) The exercise of power under Section 311 Cr.P.C. should be resorted to only with the object of finding out the truth or obtaining proper proof for such facts, which will lead to a just and correct decision of the case.
(iv) The exercise of the said power cannot be dubbed as filling in a lacuna in a prosecution case, unless the facts and circumstances of the case make it apparent that the exercise of power by the Court would result in causing serious prejudice to the accused, resulting in miscarriage of justice.
(v) The wide discretionary power should be exercised judiciously and not arbitrarily.
(vi) The Court must satisfy itself that it was in every respect essential to examine such a witness or to recall him for further examination in order to arrive at a just decision of the case.
(vii) The object of Section 311 Cr.P.C.
simultaneously imposes a duty on the Court to determine the truth and to render a just decision.
(viii) The Court arrives at the conclusion that additional evidence is necessary, not because it would be impossible to pronounce the judgment without it, but because there would be a failure of justice without such evidence being considered.
(ix) Exigency of the situation, fair play and http://www.judis.nic.in 8/12 Crl.OP.(MD)No.267 of 2021 good sense should be the safe guard, while exercising the discretion. The Court should bear in mind that no party in a trial can be foreclosed from correcting errors and that if proper evidence was not adduced or a relevant material was not brought on record due to any inadvertence, the Court should be magnanimous in permitting such mistakes to be rectified.
(x) The Court should be conscious of the position that after all the trial is basically for the prisoners and the Court should afford an opportunity to them in the fairest manner possible. In that parity of reasoning, it would be safe to err in favour of the accused getting an opportunity rather than protecting the prosecution against possible prejudice at the cost of the accused. The Court should bear in mind that improper or capricious exercise of such a discretionary power, may lead to undesirable results.
.....
(xi)The power under Section 311 Cr.P.C. must therefore, be invoked by the Court only in order to meet the ends of justice for strong and valid reasons and the same must be exercised with care, caution and circumspection. The Court should bear in mind that fair trial entails the interest of the accused, the victim and the society http://www.judis.nic.in 9/12 Crl.OP.(MD)No.267 of 2021 and, therefore, the grant of fair and proper opportunities to the persons concerned, must be ensured being a constitutional goal, as well as a human right.”
10. The said decision has also been followed in Haryana Vs. Ram Mehar and others reported in (2016) 8 Supreme Court Cases 762, wherein the Hon'ble Supreme Court has held that “concept of fair trial cannot be limitlessly stretched to permit recall of witnesses endlessly on ground of magnanimity, etc.”
11. In view of the law laid down by the Hon'ble Supreme Court and in view of the fact that the petitioner has not assigned any valid reason to recall P.W.1 to P.W.27, this Court finds no infirmity in the order passed by the trial Court.
12.Accordingly, this Criminal Original Petition is dismissed.
Consequently, connected Miscellaneous Petition is closed.
16.02.2021 Index : Yes/No Internet:Yes rm http://www.judis.nic.in 10/12 Crl.OP.(MD)No.267 of 2021 Note : In view of the present lock down owing to COVID-19 pandemic, a web copy of the order may be utilized for official purposes, but, ensuring that the copy of the order that is presented is the correct copy, shall be the responsibility of the advocate/litigant concerned.
To
1.The Inspector of Police, EOW-II, Karur.
2.The Additional Public Prosecutor, Madurai Bench of Madras High Court, Madurai.
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rm Crl.OP.(MD)No.267 of 2021 16.02.2021 http://www.judis.nic.in 12/12