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Kerala High Court

Sri. P. S. Babu Suresh vs The Cochin Devaswom Board on 11 November, 2025

                                                         ​2025:KER:87956​

​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​
W                                     ​1​
​Connected cases​




             IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM​
             ​

                                  PRESENT​
                                  ​

       THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE RAJA VIJAYARAGHAVAN V​
       ​

                                     &​
                                     ​

            THE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE K. V. JAYAKUMAR​
            ​

                TH​
                ​
 TUESDAY, THE 11​
 ​                  DAY OF NOVEMBER 2025 / 20TH KARTHIKA,​​
                    ​                                     1947​

                       WP(C) NO. 33115 OF 2023​
                       ​

PETITIONERS:​
​

      1​
      ​        ​OCHIN DEVASWOM BOARD​
               C
               REPRESENTED BY ITS SECRETARY,​
               ​
               COCHIN DEVASWOM BOARD OFFICE, ROUND NORTH,​
               ​
               THRISSUR-, PIN - 680001​
               ​

      2​
      ​        ​HE DEVASWOM OFFICER,​
               T
               AZHAKIYAKAVU DEVASWOM, PALLURUTHY NADA,​
               ​
               KOCHI, PIN - 682006​
               ​


               BY ADV K.P.SUDHEER​
               ​

RESPONDENTS:​

​ 1​ ​ ​TATE OF KERALA​ S REPRESENTED BY ITS PRINCIPAL SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT,​ ​ REVENUE (DEVASWOM DEPARTMENT), GOVERNMENT SECRETARIAT,​ ​ THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695001.​ ​ 2​ ​ ​HE DISTRICT COLLECTOR,​ T COLLECTORATE, CIVIL STATION, KAKKANAD,​ ​ ERNAKULAM, KOCHI, PIN - 682030​ ​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​2​ ​Connected cases​ 3​ ​ ​HE SUB COLLECTOR,​ T FORT KOCHI, ERNAKULAM DISTRICT, PIN - 682001​ ​ 4​ ​ ​HE TAHASILDAR,​ T KOCHI TALUK, TALUK OFFICE, FORT KOCHI,​ ​ ERNAKULAM DISTRICT, PIN - 682001.​ ​ 5​ ​ ​HE VILLAGE OFFICER,​ T RAMESWARAM VILLAGE, PALLURUTHY,​ ​ ERNAKULAM DISTRICT, PIN - 682006​ ​ 6​ ​ ​OCHI MUNICIPAL CORPORATION,​ K CORPORATION OFFICE, P.B. NO. 1016,​ ​ ERNAKULAM, KOCHI - 682011​ ​ 7​ ​ ​HE ASSISTANT ENGINEER​ T KOCHI MUNICIPAL CORPORATION, ZONAL OFFICE,​ ​ PALLURUTHY, ERNAKULAM DISTRICT,​ ​ KOCHI, PIN - 682006​ ​ 8​ ​ ​DDL. R8. P. S BABU SURESH,​ A S/O. SREEDHARAN PADAKKARA, AGED 72 YEARS, ASHIRWAD​ ​ HOUSE, PALLURTHI NADA, KOCHI - 682006​ ​ (IMPLEADED AS PER ORDER DATED 17-11-2023 IN IA 1/2023)​ ​ 9​ ​ ​DDL.R9. ADDITIONAL CHIEF SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT,​ A REVENUE DEPARTMENT, GOVERNMENT SECRETARIAT,​ ​ THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695001​ ​ (SUO MOTU IMPLEADED AS PER ORDER DATED 04-10-2024)​ ​ ADDL.R10​ ​ ​ ADDL.R10 T.M. SURENDRANATHAN, AGED 65 YEARS,​ S/O. MADHAVAN PILLAI, 12/718, THERODATH HOUSE,​ ​ PALLURUTHY, KOCHI -682 006)​ ​ ADDL.R11​ ​ ​ PANKAJAM S. AGED 72 YEARS,​ W/O. SREEDHARA KAMATH, 12/719, KONGINISSERY HOUSE,​ ​ PALLURUTHY, KOCHI- 682 006​ ​ ADDL.R12​ ​ ​ SIVAPRASAD P. S.​ S/O. G. SHIVA RAMAN, 12/720,'SIVAM', PALLURUTHY,​ ​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​3​ ​Connected cases​ KOCHI ​ - 682 006​ ADDL.R13​ ​ ​ VISHNU GUPTA K. S.​ S/O. SASIKUMAR K. V, 18/562 A, VAIBHAVALAKSHMI NILAYA,​ ​ PALLURUTHY, KOCHI - 682 006​ ​ ADDL.R14​ ​ ​ VINOD R. PAI,​ S/O. RAMANANDA PAI, 12/496, 'THIRUVONAM',​ ​ PALLURUTHY NADA, KOCHI - 682 006​ ​ ADDL.R15​ ​ ​ HARSHAKUMAR T. H,​ S/O. HARI CHANDRAN, 12/495, HARI NIVAS,​ ​ PALLURUTHY NADA, KOCHI - 682 006​ ​ ADDL.R16​ ​ ​ SURESH S.​ S/O. SREENIVASAN, 12/491, BANGLAVUPARAMBIL, PALLURUTHY​ ​ NADA, KOCHI 682 006​ ​ ADDL.R17​ ​ ​ SINI P. M.​ W/O. SANTOSH, 12/491 A, UTHRAM NIVAS, AYYAPPA SEVA​ ​ SANGAM ROAD, PALLURUTHY NADA, KOCHI- 682 006​ ​ ADDL.R18​ ​ ​ V. K. SAHADEVA PRABHU, S/O. KAMALANATH PRABHU​ VEMBRAKKATT HOUSE, PALLURUTHY NADA, KOCHI - 682 006​ ​ ADDL.R19​ ​ ​ T. P. SAJEEVAN, S/O. PADMANABHAN, 18/503 A,​ DEVAMRITHAM, PALLURUTHY NADA, KOCHI​ ​ ADDL.R20​ ​ ​ RAJU K. S., S/O. SANAPATHI, 18/512,​ VEMBRAKKADU HOUSE, PALLURUTHY NADA,​ ​ KOCHI - 682 006​ ​ ADDL.R21​ ​ ​ PARAMESHWARAN UNNI,​ S/O. PARAMESHWARAN, 12/733, 'SREENIVAS',​ ​ PALLURUTHY, KOCHI- 682 006​ ​ ADDL.R22​ ​ ​ SOLOMON K. A.,​ S/O. ANTONY, KALPARAMBATH HOUSE, PALLURUTHY,​ ​ KOCHI- 682 006​ ​ ADDL.R23​ ​ ​ NIXON K. A., S/O. ANTONY, KALPARAMBATH HOUSE,​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​4​ ​Connected cases​ PALLURUTHY, KOCHI- 682 006​ ​ ADDL.24​ ​ ​ EDWARD K. A., S/O. ANTONY, KALPARAMBATH HOUSE,​ PALLURUTHY, KOCHI- 682 006​ ​ ADDL.R25​ ​ ​ SONY K. FRANCIS,S/O. K. G. FRANCIS,​ KALPARAMBATH HOUSE, PALLURUTHY,​ ​ KOCHI - 682 006​ ​ ADDL.R26​ ​ ​ SHAJI K. D.,S/O. DASAN, KANJIRAKKAPARAMBIL HOUSE,​ PALLURUTHY, KOCHI - 682 006​ ​ ADDL.R27​ ​ ​ SUDHEESH K. J., S/O. K. V. JANARDHAN,​ PATTATHARA HOUSE, PALLURUTHY, KOCHI - 682 006​ ​ ADDL.R28​ ​ ​ FELIX K. A., S/O. ANTONY, KALPARAMBATH HOUSE,​ PALLURUTHY, KOCHI - 682 006​ ​ ADDL.R29​ ​ ​ HENRY LOPAZ,​ S/O. JOSSY, PALLIPARAMBIL VEEDU,​ ​ PALLURUTHY, KOCHI - 682 006​ ​ ADDL.R30​ ​ ​ PAUL P. J.​ S/O. JOSEPH, PUNNEKKATTUSERRY HOUSE,​ ​ PALLURUTHY, KOCHI- 682 006​ ​ ADDL.R31​ ​ ​ ALOYSIUS K. A.,​ S/O. ANTONY, KALPARAMBATH HOUSE, PALLURUTHY,​ ​ KOCHI - 682 006​ ​ ADDL.R32​ ​ ​ NISHY,​ S/O. SYED NISSAMUDIN, THOTTUMKAL VEEDU,​ ​ PALLURUTHY, KOCHI- 682 006​ ​ ​IMPLEADED AS ADDITIONAL RESPONDENTS 10 TO 32 AS PER​ ( ORDER DATED 11.11.2025 IN I.A.No. 3 OF 2024)​ ​ ​Y ADVS.​ B SRI.C.E.UNNIKRISHNAN-SPL.G.P​ ​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​5​ ​Connected cases​ ​HRI.K.JANARDHANA SHENOY, SC, KOCHI MUNICIPAL​ S CORPORATION​ ​ SHRI.N.SATHEESH​ ​ SHRI.N.MANOJ KUMAR, STATE ATTORNEY​ ​ SHRI.K.R.RANJITH, GOVERNMENT PLEADER WITH STATE​ ​ ATTORNEY​ ​ SMT.PRIYA CAROL​ ​ ​HIS​ ​ T WRIT​ ​PETITION​ ​ (CIVIL)​ ​ HAVING​ ​COME​ ​ UP​ ​ FOR​ ​ FINAL​ HEARING​ ​ ​ ON​ ​ 11.11.2025,​ ​ ALONG​ ​ WITH​ ​ W.P.(C)​ ​ Nos.​ ​ 13890/2025,​ 41565/2023.​ ​ ​ DBP.42/2025,​ ​ 43/2025​ ​ AND​ ​CONNECTED​ ​CASES,​ ​ THE​ COURT ON THE SAME DAY DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING:​ ​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​6​ ​Connected cases​ IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM​ ​ PRESENT​ ​ THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE RAJA VIJAYARAGHAVAN V​ ​ &​ ​ THE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE K. V. JAYAKUMAR​ ​ TH​ ​ TUESDAY, THE 11​ ​ DAY OF NOVEMBER 2025 / 20TH KARTHIKA,​​ ​ 1947​ WP(C) NO. 13890 OF 2024​ ​ PETITIONER:​ ​ ​.S.BABU SURESH​ P AGED 72 YEARS​ ​ S/O. SREEDHARAN PADAKKARA, AGED 72 YEARS, ASHIRWAD​ ​ HOUSE, PALLURUTHI NADA, KOCHI P.O., PIN - 682006​ ​ BY ADV SMT.SMT.RESMI A.​ ​ RESPONDENTS:​ ​ 1​ ​ ​OCHIN DEVASWOM BOARD​ C REPRESENTED BY ITS SECRETARY, COCHIN DEVASWOM BOARD​ ​ OFFICE, ROUND NORTH, THRISSUR, PIN - 680001​ ​ 2​ ​ ​HE DEVASWOM OFFICER, AZHAKIYAKAVU DEVASWOM​ T PALLURUTHY NADA, KOCHI, PIN - 682006​ ​ 3​ ​ ​HE STATE OF KERALA​ T REPRESENTED BY ITS PRINCIPAL SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT,​ ​ REVENUE (DEVASWOM) DEPARTMENT, GOVERNMENT SECRETARIAT,​ ​ THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695001​ ​ 4​ ​ ​HE DISTRICT COLLECTOR, ERNAKULAM DISTRICT​ T COLLECTORATE, CIVIL STATION, KAKKANAD, ERNAKULAM,​ ​ KOCHI-682 030.​ ​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​7​ ​Connected cases​ 5​ ​ ​HE SUB-COLLECTOR/R.D.O., FORT KOCHI, ERNAKULAM​ T DISTRICT, PIN - 682001​ ​ 6​ ​ ​HE TAHSILDAR, KOCHI TALUK​ T TALUK OFFICE, FORT KOCHI, ERNAKULAM DISTRICT, PIN -​ ​ 682001​ ​ 7​ ​ ​HE VILLAGE OFFICER, RAMESWARAM VILLAGE​ T PALLURUTHY, ERNAKULAM DISTRICT, PIN - 682006​ ​ 8​ ​ ​OCHI MUNICIPAL CORPORATION​ K CORPORATION OFFICE, P.B.NO.1016, ERNAKULAM, KOCHI,​ ​ REPRESENTED BY ITS SECRETARY., PIN - 682001​ ​ 9​ ​ ​HE ASSISTANT ENGINEER, KOCHI MUNICIPAL CORPORATION​ T ZONAL OFFICE, PALLURUTHY, ERNAKULAM DISTRICT, KOCHI,​ ​ PIN - 682006​ ​ 10​ ​ ​HE STATION HOUSE OFFICER, PALLURUTHY POLICE STATION​ T PALLURUTHY NADA, KOCHI, KERALA, PIN - 682006​ ​ 11​ ​ ​ZHAKIYAKAVU DEVI TEMPLE, PALLURUTHY NADA, KOCHI-692​ A 006, REPRESENTED BY THE DEVASWOM OFFICER, COCHIN​ ​ DEVASWOM BOARD, AZHAKIYAKAVU DEVASWOM, PALLURUTHY NADA,​ ​ KOCHI, PIN - 682006​ ​ 12​ ​ ​DDL.R12: THE ADDITIONAL CHIEF SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT,​ A REVENUE DEPARTMENT, GOVERNMENT SECRETARIAT,​ ​ THIRUVANANTHAPURAM-695 001 (IS SUO MOTU IMPLEADED AS​ ​ PER ORDER DATED 04.10.2024)​ ​ ADDL.R13​ ​ ​ T.M. SURENDRANATHAN,​ S/O. MADHAVAN PILLAI 12/718, THERODATH HOUSE,​ ​ PALLURUTHY, KOCHI - 682006​ ​ ADDL.R14​ ​ ​ PANKAJAM S., W/O. SREEDHARA KAMATH, 12/719,​ KONGINISSERY HOUSE, PALLURUTHY, KOCHI - 682006​ ​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​8​ ​Connected cases​ ADDL.R15​ ​ ​ SIVAPRASAD P. S.​ S/O. G. SHIVA RAMAN, 12/720,'SIVAM', PALLURUTHY,​ ​ KOCHI - 682006​ ​ ADDL.R16​ ​ ​ VISHNU GUPTA K. S.​ S/O. SASIKUMAR K. V, 18/562 A,​ ​ VAIBHAVALAKSHMI NILAYA, PALLURUTHY,​ ​ KOCHI - 682006​ ​ ADDL.R17​ ​ ​ VINOD R. PAI,​ S/O. RAMANANDA PAI, 12/496,'THIRUVONAM',​ ​ PALLURUTHY NADA, KOCHI- 682006​ ​ ADDL.R18​ ​ ​ HARSHAKUMAR T. H., S/O. HARI CHANDRAN, 12/495,​ HARI NIVAS, PALLURUTHY NADA, KOCHI- 682006​ ​ ADDL.R19​ ​ ​ SURESH S.​ S/O. SREENIVASAN, 12/491, BANGLAVUPARAMBIL, PALLURUTHY​ ​ NADA, KOCHI- 682006​ ​ ADDL.R20​ ​ ​ SINI P. M.​ W/O. SANTOSH, 12/491 A, UTHRAM NIVAS, AYYAPPA SEVA​ ​ SANGAM ROAD, PALLURUTHY NADA, KOCHI - 682006​ ​ ADDL.R21​ ​ ​ V. K. SAHADEVA PRABHU,​ S/O. KAMALANATH PRABHU, VEMBRAKKATT HOUSE, PALLURUTHY​ ​ NADA, KOCHI- 682006​ ​ ADDL.R22​ ​ ​ T. P. SAJEEVAN, S/O. PADMANABHAN, 18/503 A,​ DEVAMRITHAM, PALLURUTHY NADA, KOCHI - 682006​ ​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​9​ ​Connected cases​ ADDL.R23​ ​ ​ RAJU K. S., S/O. SANAPATHI, 18/512, VEMBRAKKADU HOUSE,​ PALLURUTHY NADA, KOCHI- 682006​ ​ ADDL.R24​ ​ ​ PARAMESHWARAN UNNI,​ S/O. PARAMESHWARAN, 12/733,'SREENIVAS', PALLURUTHY,​ ​ KOCHI- 682006​ ​ ADDL.R25​ ​ ​ SOLOMON K. A., S/O. ANTONY, KALPARAMBATH HOUSE,​ PALLURUTHY, KOCHI- 682006​ ​ ADDL.R26​ ​ ​ NIXON K. A., S/O. ANTONY, KALPARAMBATH HOUSE,​ PALLURUTHY, KOCHI- 682006​ ​ ADDL.R27​ ​ ​ EDWARD K. A.,S/O. ANTONY, KALPARAMBATH HOUSE,​ PALLURUTHY, KOCHI - 682006​ ​ ADDLR.28​ ​ ​ SONY K. FRANCIS, S/O. K. G. FRANCIS, KALPARAMBATH​ HOUSE, PALLURUTHY, KOCHI- 682006​ ​ ADDL.R29​ ​ ​ SHAJI K. D., S/O. DASAN, KANJIRAKKAPARAMBIL HOUSE,​ PALLURUTHY, KOCHI- 682006​ ​ ADDL.R30​ ​ ​ SUDHEESH K. J.,​ S/O. K. V. JANARDHAN, PATTATHARA HOUSE, PALLURUTHY,​ ​ KOCHI- 682006​ ​ ADDL.R31​ ​ ​ FELIX K. A.,​ S/O. ANTONY, KALPARAMBATH HOUSE, PALLURUTHY,​ ​ KOCHI- 682006​ ​ ADDLR32​ ​ ​ HENRY LOPAZ, S/O. JOSSY, PALLIPARAMBIL VEEDU,​ PALLURUTHY, KOCHI - 682006​ ​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​10​ ​Connected cases​ ADDL.R33​ ​ ​ PAUL P. J.​ S/O. JOSEPH, PUNNEKKATTUSERRY HOUSE,​ ​ PALLURUTHY, KOCHI - 682006​ ​ ADDL.R34​ ​ ​ ALOYSIUS K. A., S/O. ANTONY, KALPARAMBATH HOUSE,​ PALLURUTHY, KOCHI - 682006​ ​ ADDL.R35​ ​ ​ NISHY, S/O. SYED NISSAMUDIN, THOTTUMKAL VEEDU,​ PALLURUTHY, KOCHI- 682006​ ​ ​IMPLEADED AS ADDITIONAL R13 TO R36 AS PER ORDER DATED​ ( 11.11.2025 IN I.A.No. 1 OF 2025)​ ​ ​Y ADVS.​ B GOVERNMENT PLEADER​ ​ SHRI.K.JANARDHANA SHENOY, SC, KOCHI MUNICIPAL​ ​ CORPORATION​ ​ SHRI.N.SATHEESH​ ​ SHRI.K.R.RANJITH, GOVERNMENT PLEADER WITH STATE​ ​ ATTORNEY​ ​ SMT.PRIYA CAROL​ ​ ​HIS​ ​ T WRIT​ ​ PETITION​ ​ (CIVIL)​ ​HAVING​ ​ COME​ ​ UP​ ​ FOR​ ​ FINAL​ HEARING​ ​ ​ ON​ ​11.11.2025,​ ​ALONG​ ​WITH​ ​ WP(C).33115/2023​ ​ AND​ CONNECTED​ ​ ​ CASES,​ ​ THE​ ​ COURT​ ​ ON​ ​ THE​ ​ SAME​ ​ DAY​ ​ DELIVERED​ ​ THE​ FOLLOWING:​ ​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​11​ ​Connected cases​ IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM​ ​ PRESENT​ ​ THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE RAJA VIJAYARAGHAVAN V​ ​ &​ ​ THE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE K. V. JAYAKUMAR​ ​ TH​ ​ TUESDAY, THE 11​ ​ DAY OF NOVEMBER 2025 / 20TH KARTHIKA,​​ ​ 1947​ WP(C) NO. 41565 OF 2023​ ​ PETITIONER/S:​ ​ ​INDU AYIKKA VEDI​ H REG NO TVM/TC/1332/2017 KOCHI TALUK, REP BY ITS TALUK​ ​ PRESIDENT T.P PADMANABHAN, RESIDING AT MULLOOR HOUSE​ ​ PALLURUTHY KOCHI, PIN - 682006​ ​ ​Y ADVS.​ B SRI.M.P.ASHOK KUMAR​ ​ SMT.BINDU SREEDHAR​ ​ SHRI.ASIF N​ ​ RESPONDENTS:​ ​ 1​ ​ ​TATE OF KERALA​ S REPRESENTED BY ITS PRINCIPAL SECRETARY, REVENUE​ ​ (DEVASWOM DEPARTMENT), DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE,​ ​ SECRETARIAT, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695001​ ​ 2​ ​ ​OCHIN DEVASWOM BOARD​ C REP. BY ITS SECRETARY, DEVASWOM BUILDING, COCHIN​ ​ DEVASWOM BOARD OFFICE, SWARAJ ROUND, NORTH THRISSUR,​ ​ PIN - 680001​ ​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​12​ ​Connected cases​ 3​ ​ ​ISTRICT COLLECTOR​ D COLLECTORATE, CIVIL STATION KAKKANAD, ERNAKULAM,​ ​ PIN - 682030​ ​ 4​ ​ ​HE SUB COLLECTOR​ T RDO OFFICE FORT KOCHI, ERNAKULAM, PIN - 682001​ ​ 5​ ​ ​PECIAL THAHASILDAR​ S LC UNIT COCHIN DEVASWOM BOARD OFFICE OF COCHIN DEVASWOM​ ​ BOARD, SWARAJ ROUND NORTH THRISSUR, PIN - 680001​ ​ 6​ ​ ​DDL.R6. ADDITIONAL CHIEF SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT,​ A REVENUE DEPARTMENT, GOVERNMENT SECRETARIAT,​ ​ THIRUVANANTHAPURAM-695001. [ADDL.R6 IS SUO MOTU​ ​ IMPLEADED AS PER ORDER DATED 04.10.2024 IN WP(C)​ ​ 41565/2023]​ ​ ​Y ADVS.​ B SRI.C.E.UNNIKRISHNAN, SPL.GOVERNMENT PLEADER​ ​ SHRI.K.JANARDHANA SHENOY, SC, KOCHI MUNICIPAL​ ​ CORPORATION​ ​ SRI.K.P.SUDHEER, SC.​ ​ THIS​ ​ ​ WRIT​ ​ PETITION​ ​(CIVIL)​ ​HAVING​ ​COME​ ​ UP​ ​FOR​ ​INAL​ F HEARING​ ​ ON​ ​ 11.11.2025,​ ​ ALONG​ ​ WITH​ ​ WP(C).33115/2023​ ​ ​ AND​ ​ CONNECTED​ ​ CASES,​ ​ THE​ ​ COURT​ ​ ON​ ​ THE​ SAME DAY DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING:​ ​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​13​ ​Connected cases​ IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM​ ​ PRESENT​ ​ THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE RAJA VIJAYARAGHAVAN V​ ​ &​ ​ THE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE K. V. JAYAKUMAR​ ​ TH​ ​ TUESDAY, THE 11​ ​ DAY OF NOVEMBER 2025 / 20TH KARTHIKA,​​ ​ 1947​ DBP NO. 42 OF 2025​ ​ PETITIONER:​ ​ ​RI. P. S. BABU SURESH​ S ASHIRWAD HOUSE, PALLURUTHY NADA, COCHIN - 682006​ ​ ​Y ADVS.​ B SMT.SMT.RESMI A.​ ​ SMT.C.M.DHANY​ ​ SMT.SUMITHA SIV​ ​ RESPONDENT/S:​ ​ 1​ ​ ​HE COCHIN DEVASWOM BOARD​ T REPRESENTED BY ITS SECRETARY, ROUND NORTH, THRISSUR -​ ​ 680001​ ​ 2​ ​ ​HE DEVASWOM COMMISSIONER​ T COCHIN DEVASWOM BOARD, ROUND NORTH, THRISSUR - 680001​ ​ OTHER PRESENT:​ ​ C.E. UNNIKRISHNAN-SPL.G.P​ ​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​14​ ​Connected cases​ ​RI.K.P.SUDHEER, SC.​ S SRI.S.RAJMOHAN, SR. GOVERNMENT PLEADER.​ ​ SRI.P.RAMACHANDRAN, AMICUS CURIAE FOR OMBUDSMAN​ ​ ​HIS​ ​ T DEVASWOM​ ​ BOARD​ ​ PETITION​ ​HAVING​ ​COME​ ​ UP​ ​ FOR​ FINAL​ ​ HEARING​ ​ ON​ ​ 11.11.2025,​ ​ ALONG​ ​ WITH​ ​ WP(C).33115/2023​ ​ ​ AND​ ​ CONNECTED​ ​ CASES,​ ​ THE​ ​ COURT​ ​ ON​ ​ THE​ SAME DAY DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING:​ ​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​15​ ​Connected cases​ IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM​ ​ PRESENT​ ​ THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE RAJA VIJAYARAGHAVAN V​ ​ &​ ​ THE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE K. V. JAYAKUMAR​ ​ TH​ ​ TUESDAY, THE 11​ ​ DAY OF NOVEMBER 2025 / 20TH KARTHIKA,​​ ​ 1947​ DBP NO. 43 OF 2025​ ​ PETITIONEr:​ ​ ​RI. P. S. BABU SURESH​ S ASHIRWAD HOUSE, PALLURUTHY NADA COCHIN - 682006​ ​ ​Y ADVS.​ B SMT.SMT.RESMI A.​ ​ SMT.C.M.DHANY​ ​ SMT.SUMITHA SIV​ ​ RESPONDENT/S:​ ​ 1​ ​ ​HE COCHIN DEVASWOM BOARD​ T REPRESENTED BY ITS SECRETARY, ROUND NORTH, THRISSUR -​ ​ 680001​ ​ 2​ ​ ​HE DEVASWOM COMMISSIONER​ T COCHIN DEVASWOM BOARD, ROUND NORTH, THRISSUR - 680001​ ​ ​.E. UNNIKRISHNAN-SPL.G.P​ C SRI.K.P.SUDHEER, SC.​ ​ SRI.S.RAJMOHAN, SR. GOVERNMENT PLEADER.​ ​ SRI.P.RAMACHANDRAN, AMICUS CURIAE FOR OMBUDSMAN​ ​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​16​ ​Connected cases​ THIS​ ​ ​ DEVASWOM​ ​ BOARD​ ​ PETITION​ ​HAVING​ ​COME​ ​ UP​ ​ FOR​ ​INAL​ F HEARING​ ​ ON​ ​ 11.11.2025,​ ​ ALONG​ ​ WITH​ ​ WP(C).33115/2023​ ​ ​ AND​ ​ CONNECTED​ ​ CASES,​ ​ THE​ ​ COURT​ ​ ON​ ​ THE​ SAME DAY DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING:​ ​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​17​ ​Connected cases​ ​J U D G M E N T​ ​[WP(C) Nos. 33115 of 2023, 13890 of 2024, 41565 of 2023,​ ​DBP Nos.42 of 2025 & 43 of 2025]​ ​Raja Vijayaraghavan V, J.​ ​The​​controversy​​in​​these​​Petitions​​arises​​from​​an​​application​​submitted​ ​by​​the​​Cochin​​Devaswom​​Board​​before​​the​​Sub​​Collector,​​Fort​​Kochi.​​The​​said​ ​application,​ ​dated​ ​25.05.2019,​ ​sought​ ​correction​ ​of​ ​the​ ​entries​ ​in​ ​the​ ​Revenue​ ​Records​ ​pertaining​ ​to​ ​the​ ​lands​ ​comprised​ ​in​ ​Survey​ ​No.​ ​1419​ ​of​ ​Palluruthy​ ​Village​ ​and​ ​Survey​ ​Nos.​ ​613/1,​ ​613/2,​ ​613/3,​​663/1,​ ​663/2,​ ​and​ ​661/1 of Rameswaram Village, having a total extent of 9.41 ½ acres.​ ​2.​ ​It​​is​​pertinent​​to​​note​​that​​the​​Azhakiyakavu​​Temple,​​situated​​at​ ​Palluruthy,​ ​lies​ ​in​ ​Survey​ ​No.​ ​613/2​​of​​Rameswaram​​Village.​​To​​the​​north​​of​ ​this​​property​​lies​​an​​open​​ground​​falling​​in​​Survey​​No.​​613/1,​​while​​the​​open​ ​ground​​on​​the​​southern​​side​​falls​​in​​Survey​​No.​​613/3.​​On​​the​​eastern​​side​​of​ ​the​ ​temple​ ​and​ ​the​ ​above​ ​properties​ ​runs​ ​the​ ​Palluruthy-Aroor​ ​National​ ​Highway.​ ​Between​ ​the​ ​National​ ​Highway​ ​and​ ​the​ ​temple​ ​property,​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​18​ ​Connected cases​ ​particularly​​along​​the​​eastern​​portion​​of​​the​​land​​in​​Survey​​No.​​613/3,​​several​ ​shops​ ​have​ ​been​​constructed​​facing​​the​​Highway​​on​​the​​south-eastern​​side.​ ​Likewise,​​over​​the​​years,​​residential​​buildings​​and​​other​​establishments​​have​ ​come up on the northern and western sides of Survey Nos. 613/1 and 613/2.​ ​3.​ ​According​ ​to​ ​some​ ​of​ ​the​ ​petitioners,​ ​devotees​ ​of​ ​the​ ​temple​ ​who​​have​​approached​​this​​Court​​seeking​​protection​​of​​the​​temple​​properties,​ ​the​ ​Devaswom​ ​Board​ ​and​ ​the​ ​authorities​ ​responsible​ ​for​ ​managing​ ​the​ ​temple​ ​have​ ​failed​ ​to​ ​exercise​ ​due​ ​diligence​ ​in​​safeguarding​​the​​boundaries​ ​of​ ​the​ ​temple​ ​land,​ ​thereby​​allowing​​gradual​​encroachments​​over​​time.​​It​​is​ ​further​ ​alleged​ ​that​ ​certain​ ​residents​ ​on​ ​the​ ​northern​ ​side​ ​have​ ​been​ ​using​ ​portions​​of​​the​​land​​comprised​​in​​Survey​​No.​​613/1​​as​​an​​access​​route​​to​​the​ ​National​ ​Highway​​situated​​to​​the​​east.​​The​​description​​of​​the​​properties​​and​ ​their​ ​surroundings​ ​is​ ​drawn​ ​from​ ​Ext.​ ​P29​ ​rough​ ​sketch​ ​filed​ ​in​​W.P.(C)​​No.​ ​13890/2024, corroborated by aerial maps available in the public domain.​ ​4.​ ​However,​ ​the​ ​Basic​ ​Tax​ ​Register​ ​and​ ​the​ ​Settlement​ ​Register​ ​maintained​ ​by​ ​the​ ​Revenue​ ​Department​ ​furnish​ ​a​ ​description​ ​of​ ​the​ ​aforementioned​​properties​​that​​differs​​slightly​​from​​the​​account​​presented​​by​ ​the​ ​petitioners.​ ​For​ ​the​ ​sake​ ​of​ ​completeness​ ​and​ ​clarity,​​the​​description​​as​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​19​ ​Connected cases​ ​recorded in the Revenue documents is set out hereinbelow.​ ​Sy.No. & Village​ ​Extent​ ​ handaper​ T ​ escription in​ D ​Description in Settlement Register​ ​No.​ ​BTR​ ​ 13/1 of​ 6 ​ olumn No. 5​ C ​ olumn No. 3​ C ​Rameswaram​ ​(item of land)​ ​(name of land)​ ​Village, Kochi Taluk​ ​poramboke​ ​Vela Veli Parambu​ ​ olumn No. 10​ C C ​ olumn No. 19​ ​(remarks)​ ​(remarks)​ ​Vela Veli​ ​Vela Veli​ ​ olumn No. 18​ C ​(Name of Owner)​ ​Blank​ ​ 13/2 of​ 6 ​ .59.05,​ 1 ​29​ ​ zhakiyakavu​ A ​Rameswaram​ ​03.93.00​ ​Devaswom​ ​Village, Kochi Taluk​ ​ 13/3 of​ 6 ​ olumn No. 5​ C ​ olumn No. 3​ C ​Rameshwaram​ ​(item of land)​ ​(name of land)​ ​Village​ ​poramboke​ ​Vela Veli Parambu​ ​ olumn No. 10​ C C ​ olumn No. 19 (remarks)​ ​(remarks)​ ​Vela Veli​ ​Vela Veli​ ​Column No. 18​ ​(Name of Owner)​ ​Blank​ ​ 63/1​ 6 ​29​ ​ zhakiyakavu​ A ​Rameshwaram​ ​Devaswom​ ​Village​ ​ 63/2​ 6 ​ .30.35​ 0 ​29​ ​ zhakiyakavu​ A ​Rameshwaram​ ​Ares​ ​Devaswom​ ​Village​ ​0.75.00​ ​Ares​ ​ y 1499 of​ S ​ zhakiya​ A ​Palluruthy Village​ ​Kavu​ ​Devaswom​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​20​ ​Connected cases​ ​5.​ ​From​ ​the​ ​chart​ ​referred​ ​to​ ​above,​ ​it​ ​is​ ​evident​ ​that​​the​​dispute​ ​between​​the​​parties​​centres​​around​​the​​properties​​comprised​​in​​Survey​​Nos.​ ​613/1​​and​​613/3.​​These​​parcels​​of​​land​​have​​been​​classified​​in​​the​​Basic​​Tax​ ​Register​ ​and​ ​the​ ​Settlement​ ​Register​ ​as​ ​Poramboke​ ​lands,​ ​however,​ ​within​ ​the​​same​​records,​​the​​properties​​are​​simultaneously​​described​​as​​"Vela​​Veli".​ ​This apparent inconsistency lies at the heart of the present controversy.​ ​6.​ ​The​ ​Cochin​ ​Devaswom​ ​Board,​ ​as​ ​well​ ​as​ ​the​ ​petitioners​ ​who​ ​have​ ​approached​ ​this​ ​Court​ ​seeking​ ​to​ ​protect​ ​and​​safeguard​​public​​temple​ ​property,​ ​assert​ ​that​ ​the​ ​lands​ ​in​ ​Survey​ ​Nos.​ ​613/1​ ​and​ ​613/3​ ​rightfully​ ​belong​ ​to​ ​the​ ​Devaswom.​ ​They​ ​contend​ ​that​ ​the​ ​alleged​ ​encroachments​ ​made​ ​thereon​ ​are​ ​illegal​ ​and​ ​liable​ ​to​ ​be​ ​removed​​forthwith.​​Their​​principal​ ​reliance​​is​​placed​​upon​​a​​proceeding​​of​​the​​erstwhile​​Government​​of​​Cochin,​ ​Revenue​ ​Department​ ​(Devaswom),​ ​dated​ ​06.11.1922,​ ​issued​ ​by​ ​the​ ​Diwan​ ​of​ ​Cochin.​ ​By​ ​this​ ​communication,​ ​the​ ​Devaswom​ ​Superintendent​ ​and​ ​the​ ​Diwan​ ​Peshkar​ ​were​ ​directed​ ​that​ ​the​ ​registry​ ​of​ ​all​ ​tanks,​ ​Uthsavam​ ​grounds,​ ​roads,​ ​and​ ​lanes​ ​attached​ ​to​ ​the​ ​Poramboke​ ​be​ ​altered​ ​from​ ​"Sarkar​ ​Poramboke"​ ​to​ ​"Temple​ ​Poramboke,"​ ​in​​conformity​​with​​the​​practice​ ​prevailing​​in​​British​​India.​​The​​petitioners​​further​​contend​​that​​the​​Thanathu​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​21​ ​Connected cases​ ​Register​ ​maintained​ ​by​ ​the​ ​Devaswom​ ​Board,​ ​as​ ​well​ ​as​ ​the​ ​Poramboke​ ​Register​ ​maintained​ ​by​ ​the​ ​Village​ ​authorities​ ​for​ ​data​ ​collection​ ​based​ ​on​ ​the​ ​Basic​ ​Tax​ ​Register,​ ​specifically​ ​record​ ​the​​above​​properties​​as​​belonging​ ​to the Devaswom, thereby substantiating their claim of ownership.​ ​7.​ ​It​ ​appears​ ​that​ ​the​ ​application​ ​submitted​ ​by​ ​the​ ​Cochin​ ​Devaswom​ ​Board​ ​was​ ​rejected​ ​by​ ​the​ ​Sub​ ​Collector​ ​through​ ​order​ ​dated​ ​30.12.2019.​ ​While​ ​adjudicating​ ​the​ ​matter,​ ​the​ ​Sub​ ​Collector​ ​placed​ ​substantial​ ​reliance​ ​on​ ​a​ ​report​ ​dated​ ​22.08.2019​ ​submitted​ ​by​ ​the​ ​Village​ ​Officer,​ ​which,​ ​in​ ​essence,​ ​concluded​ ​that​ ​the​ ​subject​ ​lands​ ​fall​ ​within​ ​Government​ ​Poramboke​ ​and​ ​that​ ​the​​Devaswom​​has​​no​​proprietary​​right​​or​ ​title over the same.​ ​8.​ ​Aggrieved​​by​​the​​aforesaid​​order​​of​​the​​Sub​​Collector,​​the​​Cochin​ ​Devaswom​ ​Board​ ​approached​ ​this​​Hon'ble​​Court​​by​​filing​​W.P.(C)​​No.​​12173​ ​of​​2020.​​The​​Azhakiyakavu​​Temple​​Land​​Protection​​Committee,​​Sri.​​P.S.​​Babu​ ​Suresh​ ​(a​ ​devotee),​ ​Sri.​ ​P.C.​ ​Unnikrishnan​ ​(Secretary​ ​of​ ​the​ ​Temple​ ​Land​ ​Protection​​Committee),​​and​​the​​Hindu​​Aikya​​Vedi​​also​​instituted​​separate​​writ​ ​petitions​ ​challenging​ ​the​ ​same​ ​order​ ​and​ ​raising​ ​contentions​ ​substantially​ ​similar to those advanced by the Devaswom Board.​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​22​ ​Connected cases​ ​9.​ ​This​​Court,​​by​​a​​common​​judgment​​dated​​08.04.2022​​in​​W.P.(C)​ ​Nos.​ ​12173​ ​of​ ​2020,​ ​6753​ ​of​ ​2020,​ ​13965​ ​of​ ​2020,​ ​13816​ ​of​ ​2020,​ ​and​ ​18492​ ​of​ ​2020,​ ​set​ ​aside​ ​the​ ​impugned​ ​order​ ​passed​ ​by​ ​the​ ​Sub​ ​Collector.​ ​The​ ​Court​ ​was​ ​persuaded​ ​by​ ​the​ ​fact​ ​that​ ​the​ ​report​ ​of​ ​the​ ​Village​ ​Officer,​ ​upon​​which​​the​​Sub​​Collector​​had​​extensively​​relied,​​had​​not​​been​​furnished​ ​to​ ​the​ ​affected​ ​parties,​ ​thereby​ ​constituting​ ​a​ ​violation​ ​of​ ​the​ ​principles​ ​of​ ​natural​ ​justice.​ ​The​ ​Court,​ ​therefore,​ ​directed​​that​​a​​copy​​of​​the​​said​​report​ ​be​​provided​​to​​all​​concerned​​and​​that​​fresh​​orders​​be​​passed​​after​​affording​ ​an opportunity of hearing to all parties, within a period of four months.​ ​10.​ ​It​ ​further​ ​appears​ ​that​ ​the​ ​Sub​ ​Collector,​ ​upon​ ​reconsideration,​ ​noted​ ​that​ ​the​ ​total​ ​extent​ ​of​ ​the​ ​disputed​ ​land​ ​measured​ ​approximately​ ​1.80.09​ ​hectares​ ​and,​ ​accordingly,​ ​was​ ​of​ ​the​​view,​​apparently​​on​​the​​basis​ ​of​ ​the​​extant​​government​​orders,​​that​​the​​opinion​​of​​the​​Government​​would​ ​also​​be​​necessary​​before​​arriving​​at​​a​​final​​decision.​​In​​these​​circumstances,​ ​the​ ​matter​ ​was​ ​referred​ ​to​ ​the​ ​Government​ ​for​ ​its​ ​views.​ ​However,​ ​the​ ​requisite​ ​opinion​ ​was​ ​not​ ​received​ ​within​ ​the​ ​stipulated​ ​time.​ ​In​ ​the​ ​meantime,​ ​alleging​ ​non-compliance​ ​with​ ​the​ ​directions​ ​contained​ ​in​ ​the​ ​earlier​ ​judgment​ ​of​ ​this​ ​Court,​ ​the​ ​parties​ ​approached​ ​this​ ​Court​ ​by​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​23​ ​Connected cases​ ​instituting​ ​Contempt​ ​Case​ ​(Civil)​ ​No.​ ​931​​of​​2023.​​Faced​​with​​the​​pendency​ ​of​ ​the​ ​contempt​ ​proceedings​ ​and​ ​in​ ​the​ ​absence​ ​of​ ​any​ ​response​ ​from​ ​the​ ​Government,​ ​the​ ​Sub​ ​Collector​ ​proceeded​ ​to​ ​consider​ ​the​ ​matter​ ​on​ ​the​ ​materials​​available​​and,​​by​​a​​detailed​​order,​​once​​again​​dismissed​​the​​request​ ​made by the Cochin Devaswom Board.​ ​11.​ ​It​​is​​being​​aggrieved​​by​​the​​above​​order​​that​​these​​writ​​petitions​ ​have been filed.​ ​12.​ ​W.P.(C)​​No.​​41565/2023​​is​​filed​​by​​the​​Hindu​​Ayikka​​Vedi​​seeking​ ​the following reliefs:​ ​a)​ ​Issue​ ​a​ ​writ​ ​of​ ​certiorari​ ​or​ ​other​ ​appropriate​ ​writ​ ​or​ ​order​ ​quashing Ext.P4 order issued by the 4th respondent.​ ​b)​ ​Declare​ ​that​ ​the​ ​pond​ ​and​ ​the​ ​Temple​ ​compound​ ​situated​ ​in​ ​Sy.​​No.​​613/1,​​613/2,​​613/3,​​661/1​​and​​663/2​​in​​Rameswaram​ ​Village,​ ​Kochi​ ​Taluk​ ​is​ ​owned​ ​by​ ​Azhakiyakavu​ ​Bhagavath​ ​Temple​ ​are​ ​the​ ​Temple​ ​properties​ ​attached​ ​to​ ​Azhakiyakavu​ ​Bhagavath Temple Palluruthy and not revenue puramboke.​ ​c)​ ​Declare​ ​that​ ​the​ ​RDO​ ​has​ ​no​ ​authority​ ​to​ ​declare​ ​that​ ​the​ ​order​ ​of​ ​Government​ ​of​ ​Cochin​ ​dt.1922​ ​is​ ​not​ ​applicable​ ​to​ ​present​​Government​​as​​the​​same​​is​​in​​violation​​of​​Article​​13​​of​ ​the​​Constitution​​of​​India​​and​​also​​Section​​27​​and​​50​​of​​TCHRI​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​24​ ​Connected cases​ ​Act.​ ​13.​ ​W.P.(C)​​No.​​13890/2024​​is​​filed​​by​​P.S.​​Babu​​Suresh,​​a​​devotee,​ ​seeking the following reliefs:​ ​A.​ ​To​ ​call​ ​for​ ​the​ ​records​ ​leading​ ​to​ ​Ext.P6​ ​order​ ​dated​ ​07.09.2023​ ​issued​ ​by​ ​the​ ​5th​ ​respondent​ ​and​ ​quash​ ​the​ ​same​ ​by​ ​issuing​ ​a​ ​writ​ ​of​ ​certiorari​ ​or​ ​another​ ​appropriate​ ​writ, order or direction;​ ​B.​ ​To​​issue​​a​​writ​​of​​mandamus​​or​​other​​appropriate​​writ,​​order​ ​or​ ​direction​ ​commanding​ ​the​ ​5th​ ​respondent​ ​to​ ​allow​ ​the​ ​application​​submitted​​by​​the​​1st​​respondent​​for​​correction​​of​ ​revenue​​records​​so​​that​​the​​properties​​in​​Sy.​​Nos.​​613/1​​and​ ​613/3​ ​are​ ​shown​ ​as​ ​part​ ​and​ ​parcel​​of​​the​​properties​​of​​the​ ​11th respondent.​ ​C.​ ​To​​issue​​a​​writ​​of​​mandamus​​or​​other​​appropriate​​writ,​​order​ ​or​ ​direction​ ​commanding​ ​the​ ​1st,​ ​2nd,​ ​8th​ ​and​ ​9th​ ​respondents​ ​to​ ​expedite​ ​the​ ​reconstruction​ ​and​ ​repair​ ​work​ ​of​ ​the​ ​compound​ ​wall​ ​around​ ​the​ ​properties​ ​in​ ​Sy.​ ​Nos.​ ​613/1,​​613/2​​and​​613/3​​of​​Rameswaram​​Village​​and​​to​​finish​ ​the​ ​work​ ​in​ ​a​ ​time-bound​ ​manner​ ​in​ ​furtherance​ ​of​ ​the​ ​directions​​of​​this​​Hon'ble​​Court​​in​​W.P.(C)​​No.12173/2020​​and​ ​connected cases.​ ​D.​ ​Issue​​a​​writ​​of​​mandamus​​or​​other​​appropriate​​writ,​​order​​or​ ​direction​ ​commanding​ ​the​ ​1st,​ ​2nd,​ ​4th,​ ​5th,​ ​6th​ ​and​ ​10th​ ​respondent​ ​to​ ​ensure​ ​that​ ​there​ ​is​ ​no​ ​encroachment​ ​or​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​25​ ​Connected cases​ ​trespass​ ​upon​ ​the​ ​property​ ​belonging​ ​to​ ​the​ ​temple​ ​in​ ​Sy.​ ​Nos. 613/1, 613/2 and 613/3 of Rameswaram Village.​ ​14.​ ​W.P.(C)​ ​No.​​33115/2023​​is​​filed​​by​​the​​Cochin​​Devaswom​​Board​ ​seeking the following reliefs:​ ​"(i)​ ​call​ ​for​ ​the​ ​records​ ​leading​ ​to​ ​Exhibit​ ​P17​ ​and​ ​quash​ ​the​ ​same​ ​by​ ​issuing​ ​a​ ​writ​ ​of​ ​certiorari​​or​​any​​other​​appropriate​ ​writ, order or direction;​ ​(ii)​ ​call​ ​for​ ​the​ ​records​ ​leading​ ​to​ ​Exhibit​ ​P14​ ​and​ ​quash​ ​the​ ​same​​by​​issuing​​a​​writ​​of​​certiorari​​or​​other​​appropriate​​writ,​ ​order or direction;​ ​(iii)​​issue​​a​​writ​​of​​mandamus​​or​​other​​appropriate​​writ,​​order​​or​ ​direction​ ​commanding​ ​the​ ​3rd​ ​respondent​ ​to​ ​reconsider​ ​Exhibit​ ​P17​ ​order​ ​in​ ​the​ ​light​ ​of​ ​Exhibits​ ​P10,​ ​P11,​ ​P19​ ​and​ ​the​ ​directions​ ​contained​ ​in​ ​Ext.​ ​P8​ ​judgment​ ​and​ ​allow​ ​Exhibit P4 application as prayed for;​ ​(iv)​​issue​​a​​writ​​of​​mandamus​​or​​other​​appropriate​​writ,​​order​​or​ ​direction​​commanding​​the​​5th​​respondent​​to​​issue​​possession​ ​certificate​ ​in​ ​respect​ ​of​ ​the​ ​properties​ ​comprised​ ​in​​Sy.​​Nos.​ ​613/1 and 613/3 of Rameswaram Village to the petitioners;"​ ​15.​ ​DBP​ ​NO.​ ​42/2025​ ​pertains​ ​to​ ​a​ ​report​ ​submitted​ ​by​ ​the​ ​Ombudsman​​pursuant​​to​​a​​Complaint​​No.​​160​​of​​2025​​regarding​​the​​request​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​26​ ​Connected cases​ ​for​ ​removal​ ​of​ ​encroachment​ ​and​ ​restoration​ ​of​ ​Devaswom​ ​property​ ​belonging to Azhakiyakavu Temple in Palluruthy.​ ​16.​ ​DBP​ ​43/2025​ ​pertains​ ​to​ ​a​ ​complaint​ ​regarding​ ​improper​ ​maintenance of certain lands belonging to Azhakiyakavu Temple.​ ​17.​ ​The​ ​Ombudsman,​ ​noting​ ​the​ ​pendency​ ​of​ ​the​ ​Writ​ ​Petitions​ ​before​ ​this​ ​Court,​ ​forwarded​ ​the​ ​Devaswom​ ​Board​ ​Petitions​ ​as​ ​well​ ​for​ ​consideration of this Court.​ ​18.​ ​In​ ​the​ ​course​ ​of​ ​proceedings​​I.A.​​No.​​3​​of​​2024​​in​ ​WP(C)​​Nos.​ ​33115​​of​​2023​​and​​I.A​​No.​​1​​of​​2025​​in​​WP(C)​​No.​​13890​​of​​2024​​were​​filed​ ​by​ ​the​ ​residents,​ ​who​ ​were​​residing​​in​​plots​​adjacent​​to​​Survey​​Nos.​​613/1,​ ​613/2,​ ​613/3,​ ​663/2,​ ​661/1​ ​of​ ​Rameswaram​ ​Village​ ​and​ ​1499​ ​of​ ​the​ ​Palluruthy​ ​Village.​ ​Those​ ​applications​​have​​been​​allowed.​​It​​is​​contended​​by​ ​them​ ​that​ ​they​ ​have​ ​instituted​ ​a​ ​suit​ ​before​ ​the​ ​jurisdictional​ ​civil​ ​court​ ​seeking enforcement of their civil rights and the same is pending.​ ​19.​ ​As​ ​all​ ​these​ ​matters​ ​involve​ ​identical​ ​questions​ ​of​​fact​​and​​law,​ ​and​ ​in​ ​view​ ​of​ ​the​ ​consent​ ​expressed​ ​by​ ​all​ ​parties,​ ​we​ ​have​ ​deemed​ ​it​ ​appropriate​​to​​take​​up​​these​​matters​​and​​dispose​​of​​the​​same​​by​​a​​common​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​27​ ​Connected cases​ ​judgment.​ ​20.​ ​In​ ​order​ ​to​ ​substantiate​ ​their​ ​contentions​ ​and​ ​to​ ​overturn​ ​the​ ​impugned​ ​order,​ ​the​ ​following​ ​contentions​ ​have​ ​been​ ​raised​ ​by​ ​the​ ​learned​ ​counsel​ ​appearing​ ​for​ ​the​ ​Devaswom​ ​Board​ ​and​ ​the​ ​learned​ ​counsel​ ​appearing for the petitioners:​ ​a)​ ​The​​entire​​property​​having​​a​​total​​extent​​of​​9.41½​​acres,​​comprised​​in​ ​Survey​ ​No.​ ​1419​ ​of​ ​Palluruthy​ ​Village​ ​and​ ​Survey​ ​Nos.​ ​613/1,​ ​613/2,​ ​613/3,​ ​663/1,​ ​663/2,​ ​and​ ​661/1​ ​of​ ​Rameswaram​ ​Village,​ ​belongs​ ​to​ ​the​​Devaswom.​​In​​both​​the​​Jamabandi​​and​​the​​Thanathu​​Register,​​the​ ​lands​ ​in​ ​Survey​ ​Nos.​ ​613/1​ ​and​ ​613/3​ ​are​ ​recorded​ ​as​ ​Devaswom​ ​Poramboke.​ ​On​ ​this​ ​basis,​ ​it​ ​is​ ​argued​ ​that​ ​the​ ​rejection​ ​of​ ​the​ ​Devaswom's​ ​application​ ​merely​ ​for​ ​want​ ​of​ ​a​ ​formal​ ​title​ ​deed​ ​is​ ​arbitrary​ ​and​ ​illegal,​ ​particularly​ ​when​ ​historical​ ​and​ ​revenue​ ​records​ ​corroborate the Devaswom's ownership and possession.​ ​b)​ ​The​ ​description​ ​of​ ​the​ ​properties​ ​as​ ​"Vela​ ​Veli"​ ​in​ ​the​ ​Basic​ ​Tax​ ​Register​ ​and​ ​Settlement​ ​Register,​ ​it​ ​is​ ​submitted,​ ​conclusively​ ​establishes​ ​their​ ​religious​ ​and​ ​ritualistic​ ​association​ ​with​ ​the​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​28​ ​Connected cases​ ​Azhakiyakavu​​Temple.​​The​​very​​nomenclature​​"Vela​​Veli"​​indicates​​that​ ​the​ ​land​ ​has,​ ​from​ ​time​ ​immemorial,​ ​been​ ​used​ ​for​ ​temple​ ​festivals​ ​and​ ​ceremonial​ ​purposes.​ ​Therefore,​ ​the​ ​properties​ ​constitute​ ​temple​ ​property​​under​​the​​management​​and​​protection​​of​​the​​Devaswom,​​and​ ​it is the statutory duty of the trustees to safeguard the same.​ ​c)​ ​It​ ​is​ ​further​ ​submitted​ ​that​ ​persistent​ ​attempts​ ​are​ ​being​ ​made​ ​by​ ​private​ ​individuals​ ​to​ ​encroach​ ​upon​ ​and​ ​carve​ ​out​ ​portions​ ​of​ ​the​ ​temple​​property.​​The​​Devaswom's​​bona​​fide​​efforts​​to​​erect​​compound​ ​walls​ ​to​ ​demarcate​ ​and​ ​protect​ ​its​ ​land​ ​have​ ​been​ ​consistently​ ​obstructed.​​Certain​​residents​​on​​the​​northern​​side​​are​​also​​using​​parts​ ​of​​the​​temple​​land​​as​​an​​access​​route​​to​​the​​National​​Highway​​lying​​to​ ​the​ ​east,​ ​which​ ​further​ ​infringes​ ​upon​ ​the​ ​sanctity​ ​and​ ​possession​ ​of​ ​the Devaswom.​ ​d)​ ​The​ ​petitioners​ ​contend​ ​that​ ​the​ ​Sub​ ​Collector​ ​has​ ​erred​ ​in​ ​holding​ ​that​ ​the​​proceedings​​of​​the​​erstwhile​​Government​​of​​Cochin​​(Revenue​ ​Department​ ​-​ ​Devaswom)​ ​dated​ ​06.11.1922,​ ​issued​ ​by​ ​the​ ​Diwan​ ​of​ ​Cochin,​ ​are​ ​not​ ​binding​ ​upon​ ​the​ ​Revenue​ ​authorities.​ ​The​ ​said​ ​proceedings​ ​specifically​ ​directed​ ​that​ ​all​ ​tanks,​ ​Uthsavam​ ​grounds,​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​29​ ​Connected cases​ ​roads,​ ​and​ ​lanes​ ​attached​ ​to​ ​the​ ​Poramboke​ ​be​ ​reclassified​ ​from​ ​"Sarkar​​Poramboke"​​to​​"Temple​​Poramboke."​​Therefore,​​it​​is​​urged​​that​ ​the​ ​authorities​ ​were​ ​duty-bound​ ​to​ ​recognise​ ​the​ ​Devaswom's​ ​rights​ ​over the land in question.​ ​e)​ ​It​ ​is​ ​also​ ​submitted​ ​that,​ ​in​ ​view​ ​of​ ​the​ ​large​ ​extent​ ​of​ ​the​ ​land,​ ​the​ ​Sub​ ​Collector​ ​had​ ​sought​ ​the​ ​opinion​ ​of​ ​the​ ​Government​ ​before​ ​rendering​ ​a​ ​decision.​ ​The​ ​failure​ ​of​ ​the​ ​Government​ ​to​ ​furnish​ ​its​ ​opinion,​ ​despite​ ​repeated​ ​requests,​ ​compelled​ ​the​ ​Sub​ ​Collector​ ​to​ ​proceed​ ​unilaterally​ ​and​ ​issue​ ​an​ ​erroneous​ ​order​ ​without​ ​adequate​ ​consideration.​ ​f )​ ​The​ ​petitioners​ ​further​ ​rely​ ​on​ ​Section​ ​62A​ ​of​ ​the​ ​Travancore-Cochin​ ​Hindu​ ​Religious​ ​Institutions​ ​Act,​ ​1950,​ ​and​ ​emphasise​ ​that,​ ​as​ ​per​ ​Section​ ​27​ ​of​ ​the​ ​said​ ​Act,​ ​all​ ​immovable​ ​properties​ ​entered​ ​or​ ​classified​​in​​the​​Revenue​​Records​​as​​"Devaswom​​Vaga"​​or​​"Devaswom​ ​Poramboke"​ ​after​ ​12.04.1992​ ​are​ ​to​ ​be​ ​treated​ ​as​ ​Devaswom​ ​properties.​ ​Hence,​ ​the​ ​Sub​ ​Collector's​ ​failure​ ​to​ ​apply​ ​this​ ​statutory​ ​mandate renders the impugned order unsustainable in law.​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​30​ ​Connected cases​ ​g)​ ​Strong​​reliance​​is​​also​​placed​​on​​the​​judgment​​of​​this​​Hon'ble​​Court​​in​ ​Nandakumar​ ​v.​ ​District​ ​Collector,​ ​Ernakulam​ ​&​ ​Ors.​​,​​1​ ​which​ ​underscores​ ​the​ ​evidentiary​ ​value​ ​and​ ​significance​ ​of​ ​entries​ ​in​ ​the​ ​Thanathu Register in establishing temple ownership and possession.​ ​h)​ ​A​ ​perusal​ ​of​ ​the​ ​impugned​​order,​​it​​is​​submitted,​​reveals​​that​​the​​Sub​ ​Collector​ ​was​ ​influenced​ ​by​ ​the​ ​fact​ ​that​ ​trespassers​ ​had​ ​been​ ​using​ ​portions​​of​​the​​Devaswom's​​land,​​wrongly​​classified​​as​​Poramboke,​​for​ ​access​​to​​the​​Highway,​​and​​on​​that​​basis​​declined​​to​​grant​​relief​​to​​the​ ​Devaswom.​ ​Such​ ​reasoning,​ ​according​ ​to​ ​the​ ​learned​ ​counsel,​ ​is​ ​legally​ ​untenable​ ​and​ ​contrary​ ​to​ ​the​ ​settled​ ​principles​ ​governing​ ​protection of temple property.​ ​21.​ ​On​ ​the​ ​other​ ​hand,​ ​the​​learned​​Government​​Pleader​​contended​ ​that​ ​the​ ​Sub​ ​Collector​ ​had​ ​examined​ ​all​ ​relevant​ ​revenue​ ​documents​ ​and​ ​materials​​produced​​by​​both​​parties​​and​​had​​rightly​​rejected​​the​​Devaswom's​ ​claim.​ ​The​ ​Government​ ​Pleader​ ​pointed​ ​out​ ​that​​the​​Thanathu​​Register​​is​​a​ ​record​ ​internally​ ​maintained​ ​by​ ​the​ ​Devaswom​ ​Board,​ ​while​ ​the​​Poramboke​ ​Register​ ​is​ ​prepared​ ​by​ ​the​ ​Village​ ​Office​ ​based​ ​on​​data​​extracted​​from​​the​ ​1​ ​2018 (2) KHC 58​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​31​ ​Connected cases​ ​Basic​ ​Tax​ ​Register.​ ​Neither​ ​of​ ​these​ ​can​ ​override​ ​or​ ​contradict​ ​the​ ​authoritative​​entries​​in​​the​​Basic​​Tax​​Register​​or​​the​​Settlement​​Register.​​It​​is​ ​further​ ​argued​ ​that​ ​Sections​ ​3​ ​and​ ​4​ ​of​ ​the​ ​Kerala​ ​Land​ ​Conservancy​ ​Act,​ ​1957,​​make​​it​​clear​​that​​properties​​classified​​as​​Government​​Poramboke​​vest​ ​in​ ​the​ ​State,​ ​and​ ​the​ ​official​ ​records​ ​unequivocally​ ​show​ ​that​ ​the​ ​disputed​ ​lands​ ​are​ ​Government​ ​property.​ ​The​ ​request​ ​of​ ​the​ ​Devaswom​ ​Board​ ​was​ ​thus​ ​rejected​ ​as​ ​it​ ​failed​ ​to​ ​establish​ ​that​ ​the​ ​inclusion​ ​of​ ​the​ ​land​ ​as​ ​Poramboke​ ​was​ ​erroneous​ ​or​ ​made​ ​contrary​ ​to​ ​resurvey​ ​or​ ​assignment​ ​procedures.​ ​The​ ​learned​ ​Government​ ​Pleader​ ​also​ ​submitted​ ​that​ ​the​ ​proceedings​ ​of​ ​the​ ​Government​ ​of​ ​Cochin​ ​dated​ ​06.11.1922​ ​relied​ ​upon​ ​by​ ​the​ ​petitioners​ ​pertain​ ​not​ ​to​ ​the​ ​Azhakiyakavu​ ​Temple​ ​but​ ​to​ ​the​ ​Ramanchira​ ​Tank​ ​near​ ​the​ ​Thiruvanchikulam​ ​Temple,​ ​and​ ​in​ ​any​ ​event,​ ​the​ ​said​ ​order​ ​was​ ​never​ ​implemented​ ​and​ ​hence​ ​cannot​ ​bind​ ​the​ ​Revenue​ ​Department.​ ​With​ ​respect​ ​to​ ​the​ ​delay​ ​in​ ​obtaining​ ​the​ ​Government's​ ​opinion,​ ​it​ ​is​ ​explained​ ​that​ ​the​ ​proposal​ ​forwarded​ ​by​ ​the​ ​Land​ ​Revenue​ ​Commissioner,​ ​on​ ​the​ ​request​ ​of​ ​the​ ​Sub​ ​Collector,​ ​was​ ​received​ ​by​ ​the​ ​Government​ ​only​ ​on​ ​18.11.2024,​ ​and​ ​the​ ​Sub​ ​Collector's​ ​order​ ​was​ ​passed​ ​while the said proposal was still under consideration.​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​32​ ​Connected cases​ ​22.​ ​We​ ​have​ ​carefully​ ​considered​ ​the​ ​submissions​ ​advanced​ ​and​ ​have gone through the entire records.​ ​23.​ ​From​ ​the​ ​discussion​ ​above,​ ​it​ ​is​ ​evident​ ​that​ ​the​ ​dispute​ ​essentially​ ​concerns​ ​the​ ​items​ ​of​ ​property​ ​comprised​ ​in​ ​Survey​ ​Nos.​ ​613/1​ ​and​ ​613/3​ ​of​ ​Rameswaram​ ​Village.​ ​While​ ​disposing​ ​of​ ​the​ ​earlier​ ​writ​ ​petitions​​through​​Ext.​​P8​​judgment,​​this​​Court​​had​​directed​​the​​Sub​​Collector,​ ​before​ ​whom​ ​the​ ​application​ ​filed​ ​by​ ​the​ ​Cochin​ ​Devaswom​ ​Board​ ​for​ ​correction​ ​of​ ​entries​ ​in​ ​the​ ​revenue​ ​records​ ​relating​ ​to​ ​the​ ​said​ ​properties​ ​was​ ​pending,​ ​to​ ​reconsider​ ​the​ ​matter​ ​after​ ​affording​ ​an​ ​opportunity​ ​of​ ​hearing to all concerned.​ ​24.​ ​On​ ​a​ ​reconsideration,​ ​the​ ​Sub​ ​Collector​ ​is​ ​seen​ ​to​ ​have​ ​examined​ ​the​ ​Basic​ ​Tax​ ​Register,​ ​the​ ​Settlement​ ​Register,​ ​the​ ​Thanathu​ ​Register,​ ​and​ ​the​ ​Poramboke​ ​Register.​ ​Taking​ ​note​ ​of​ ​the​ ​substantial​​extent​ ​of​​the​​property​​to​​the​​tune​​of​​1.80.09​​hectares,​​the​​Sub​​Collector​​was​​of​​the​ ​opinion​​that​​the​​view​​of​​the​​Government​​was​​to​​be​​obtained​​before​​any​​final​ ​decision​ ​could​ ​be​ ​taken.​ ​Accordingly,​ ​Ext.R3(a)​ ​letter​ ​and​ ​Ext.R3(b)​ ​reminders​ ​which​ ​have​ ​been​ ​produced​ ​in​ ​W.P.(C)​ ​No.33115​ ​of​ ​2023​ ​were​ ​forwarded​ ​by​ ​the​ ​Sub​ ​Collector​ ​to​ ​the​ ​Government.​ ​The​ ​Sub​ ​Collector​ ​was​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​33​ ​Connected cases​ ​also​​of​​the​​view​​that​​the​​proceedings​​of​​the​​erstwhile​​Government​​of​​Cochin,​ ​No.​ ​21/B/98​ ​dated​ ​06.11.1922,​ ​did​ ​not​ ​pertain​ ​to​ ​the​​Azhakiyakavu​​Temple​ ​and​​furthermore,​​the​​said​​order​​had​​never​​been​​executed.​​Holding​​so,​​it​​was​ ​concluded​​that​​the​​said​​order​​did​​not​​require​​implementation​​by​​the​​Revenue​ ​Department.​ ​Before​ ​us,​ ​the​ ​learned​ ​counsel​ ​appearing​ ​for​ ​the​ ​petitioners​ ​have​​advanced​​several​​submissions​​to​​demonstrate​​that​​the​​said​​Government​ ​Order​ ​of​ ​1922​ ​had,​ ​in​ ​fact,​ ​come​ ​into​ ​effect​ ​and​ ​that​ ​it​ ​applied​ ​equally​ ​to​ ​properties​ ​situated​ ​in​ ​Rameswaram​ ​Village.​ ​It​​is,​​however,​​pertinent​​to​​note​ ​that​​other​​than​​by​​merely​​holding​​that​​the​​revenue​​authorities​​are​​not​​bound​ ​by​​the​​proceedings​​of​​the​​year​​1922​​no​​cogent​​or​​legally​​sustainable​​reason​ ​has been furnished for arriving at such a conclusion.​ ​25.​ ​Furthermore,​ ​it​ ​was​ ​on​ ​account​ ​of​ ​the​ ​large​ ​extent​ ​of​ ​land​ ​involved,​​that​​the​​Sub​​Collector​​sought​​for​​clarification​​from​​the​​Government.​ ​We​ ​note​ ​that​ ​the​ ​Land​ ​Revenue​ ​Commissioner,​ ​based​ ​on​ ​the​ ​report​ ​submitted​​by​​the​​Sub​​Collector,​​had​​placed​​the​​matter​​before​​the​​competent​ ​authority​ ​for​ ​its​ ​consideration.​ ​From​ ​the​ ​counter​ ​affidavit​ ​filed​ ​by​ ​the​ ​additional​​9th​​Respondent​​in​​W.P.(C)​​No.​​33115​​of​​2023,​​the​​Additional​​Chief​ ​Secretary​​to​​Government,​​Revenue​​Department,​​we​​find​ ​that​​the​​proposal​​of​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​34​ ​Connected cases​ ​the​ ​Land​ ​Revenue​ ​Commissioner​ ​dated​ ​16.11.2024,​ ​based​ ​on​ ​the​ ​Sub​ ​Collector's​ ​request​ ​for​ ​clarification,​ ​was​ ​indeed​ ​received​ ​by​ ​the​​Government​ ​on​​18.11.2024.​​However,​​it​​is​​stated​​in​​the​​affidavit​​that​​the​​said​​proposal​​is​ ​still under examination by the Government.​ ​26.​ ​We​ ​are​ ​of​ ​the​ ​view​ ​that​ ​there​ ​was​ ​no​ ​justification​ ​for​ ​the​ ​Government's​ ​inaction​ ​or​ ​delay​ ​in​ ​responding​ ​to​ ​the​ ​Sub​​Collector's​​request​ ​for​ ​its​ ​opinion.​ ​It​ ​further​ ​appears​ ​that​ ​the​ ​Sub​ ​Collector​ ​proceeded​ ​to​ ​pass​ ​the​ ​impugned​ ​order​ ​only​ ​in​ ​view​ ​of​ ​the​ ​pendency​ ​of​ ​contempt​​proceedings​ ​before​ ​this​ ​Court.​ ​In​ ​the​ ​absence​ ​of​ ​a​ ​considered​ ​opinion​ ​from​ ​the​ ​Government,​ ​and​​in​​view​​of​​the​​inadequate​​reasoning​​provided​​in​​the​​order,​ ​we​​are​​of​​the​​considered​​view​​that​​the​​Sub​​Collector's​​decision​​rejecting​​the​ ​Devaswom's​ ​request​ ​cannot​ ​be​ ​sustained.​ ​Accordingly,​ ​the​ ​matter​ ​requires​ ​reconsideration by the competent authority.​ ​27.​ ​In​ ​light​ ​of​ ​the​ ​foregoing​ ​discussion,​ ​these​ ​writ​ ​petitions​ ​are​ ​disposed of with the following directions:​ ​a)​ ​The​ ​order​ ​dated​ ​07.09.2023​ ​bearing​ ​No.​ ​RDOCHN/2704/2019-FI/KDis shall stand quashed.​ ​b)​ ​The​​Additional​​9th​​Respondent​​shall,​​within​​a​​period​​of​​four​​weeks​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​35​ ​Connected cases​ ​from​ ​today,​ ​consider​ ​the​​proposal​​submitted​​by​​the​​Sub​​Collector​ ​through​​the​​Land​​Revenue​​Commissioner​​[Exts.​​R3(a)​​and​​R3(b)]​ ​and furnish the opinion of the Government to the Sub Collector.​ ​c)​ ​On​ ​receipt​ ​of​ ​the​ ​said​ ​opinion,​ ​the​ ​Sub​​Collector​​shall​​reconsider​ ​the​​matter​​afresh,​​untrammelled​​by​​any​​observations​​contained​​in​ ​the impugned order.​ ​d)​ ​Before​ ​passing​ ​fresh​ ​orders,​ ​the​ ​petitioners​ ​and​ ​all​ ​affected​ ​parties​ ​including​ ​the​ ​adjacent​ ​residents​ ​shall​ ​be​ ​afforded​ ​a​ ​reasonable opportunity of being heard.​ ​e)​ ​The​ ​Sub​ ​Collector​ ​shall​ ​endeavour​ ​to​ ​conclude​ ​the​ ​proceedings​ ​within​ ​four​ ​months​ ​from​ ​the​ ​date​ ​of​ ​receipt​ ​of​ ​a​ ​copy​ ​of​ ​this​ ​judgment.​ ​sd/-​ ​RAJA VIJAYARAGHAVAN V,​ ​JUDGE​ s​ d/-​ ​K.V. JAYAKUMAR,​ ​PS​​/11/11/25​ ​JUDGE​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​36​ ​Connected cases​ APPENDIX OF WP(C) 33115/2023​ ​ PETITIONER EXHIBITS​ ​ EXHIBIT P1​ ​ ​RUE​ ​ T COPY​ ​OF​ ​RELEVANT​ ​ PAGE​ ​OF​ ​THE​ ​THANATHU​ REGISTER MAINTAINED BY THE PETITIONERS​ ​ EXHIBIT P2​ ​ TRUE​ ​ ​ COPY​ ​ OF​ ​ORDER​ ​ NO.​ ​B.​ ​300/2016​ ​ DATED​ 26.4.2019​ ​ ​ PASSED​ ​ BY​ ​THE​ ​SPECIAL​ ​ TAHSILDAR,​ COCHIN DEVASWOM BOARD​ ​ EXHIBIT P3​ ​ TRUE​ ​ ​ COPY​ ​OF​ ​ CDB​ ​REPORT​ ​ NO.​ ​35/2019​ ​ DATED​ 14.6.2019​ ​ ​ IN​ ​ COMPLAINT​ ​ NO.​ ​64/2019​ ​ SUBMITTED​ BY THE LEARNED OMBUDSMAN.​ ​ EXHIBIT P4​ ​ TRUE​ ​ ​ COPY​ ​ OF​ ​ APPLICATION​ ​ DATED​ ​ 25.5.2019​ SUBMITTED​ ​ ​ BY​ ​ THE​ ​ DEVASWOM​ ​ TO​ ​ THE​ ​3RD​ RESPONDENT (SUB COLLECTOR, FORT KOCHI).​ ​ EXHIBIT P5​ ​ TRUE​ ​ ​ COPY​ ​ OF​ ​ REQUEST​ ​ DATED​ ​ 07.08.2019​ SUBMITTED​ ​ ​ BY​ ​ THE​ ​ 2ND​ ​PETITIONER​ ​ DEVASWOM​ OFFICER,​ ​ ​ AZHAKIYAKAVU​ ​ DEVASWOM​ ​ TO​ ​ THE​ ​ 3RD​ RESPONDENT.​ ​ EXHIBIT P6​ ​ TRUE​​ ​ COPY​​OF​​ ORDER​​ DATED​​ 27.8.2019​​ IN​​ DBP​​ NO.​ 54/2019 PASSED BY THIS HONOURABLE COURT​ ​ EXHIBIT P7​ ​ TRUE​ ​ ​ COPY​ ​ OF​ ​ ORDER​ ​ NO.​ ​F-2407/2019​ ​ DATED​ 30.12.2019 PASSED BY THE 3RD RESPONDENT.​ ​ EXHIBIT P8​ ​ TRUE​​ ​ COPY​​OF​​ COMMON​​ JUDGMENT​​ DATED​​ 08.04.2022​ IN​ ​ ​ WP(C)​ ​NO.​ ​ 12173/2020​ ​ AND​ ​ CONNECTED​ ​ CASES​ PASSED BY THIS HONOURABLE COURT.​ ​ EXHIBIT P9​ ​ TRUE​ ​ ​ COPY​ ​ OF​ ​ARGUMENT​ ​ NOTE​ ​DATED​ ​03.08.2022​ SUBMITTED​ ​ ​ ON​ ​ BEHALF​ ​ OF​ ​ THE​ ​ PETITIONERS​ WITHOUT THE DOCUMENTS.​ ​ EXHIBIT P10​ ​ TRUE​ ​ ​ COPY​ ​OF​ ​ RELEVANT​ ​ PAGE​ ​OF​ ​JAMABANDY​ ​ -​ PURAMBOKE BOOK.​ ​ EXHIBIT P11​ ​ TRUE​ ​ ​ COPY​ ​OF​ ​ ORDER​ ​ DIS.​ ​21/B/98​ ​ DATED​ ​6TH​ NOVEMBER​ ​ ​ 1922​ ​ OF​ ​THE​ ​PROCEEDINGS​ ​ OF​ ​ THE​ GOVT.OF COCHIN.​ ​ EXHIBIT P12​ ​ TRUE​ ​ ​ COPY​ ​OF​ ​NOTICE​​ NO.​​ISO/​​SYPI/​​ 7832/2022​ DATED​​ ​ 09.01.2023​​ ISSUED​​ BY​​THE​​7TH​​RESPONDENT​ TO THE 2ND PETITIONER.​ ​ EXHIBIT P13​ ​ TRUE​​ ​ COPY​​ OF​​ REPLY​​ REF.​​ NO.​​ R1.​​ 1764/14​​ DATED​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​37​ ​Connected cases​ ​5.1.2023​ ​ 2 ISSUED​ ​ BY​ ​ THE​ ​ DEVASWOM​ ​ ASSISTANT​ COMMISSIONER,​ ​ ​ THRIPUNITHURA​ ​ GROUP​ ​TO​ ​ THE​ ​ 7TH​ RESPONDENT​ ​ EXHIBIT P14​ ​ TRUE​ ​ ​ COPY​ ​ OF​ ​ LETTER​ ​ NO.​ ​ 530/23​ ​ DATED​ 02.08.2023​ ​ ​ ISSUED​ ​ BY​ ​ THE​ ​ 7TH​ ​RESPONDENT​ ​ TO​ THE 2ND PETITIONER.​ ​ EXHIBIT P15​ ​ TRUE​ ​ ​ COPY​ ​OF​ ​CERTIFICATE​ ​BEARING​ ​ NO.​ ​530/23​ DATED​ ​ ​ 02.08.2023​ ​ ISSUED​ ​ BY​ ​ THE​ ​ 7TH​ RESPONDENT.​ ​ EXHIBIT P16​ ​ TRUE​ ​ ​ COPY​ ​ OF​ ​ORDER​ ​DATED​ ​ 31.7.2023​ ​ IN​ ​C.M.​ APPLICATION​ ​ ​ NO.​ ​ 1/2023​ ​ IN​ ​ WP(C)​ ​ NO.​ 13965/2020 PASSED BY THIS HONOURABLE COURT​ ​ EXHIBIT P17​ ​ TRUE​​ ​ COPY​​OF​​ ORDER​​ NO.​​RDOCHN/​​2704/​​2019-F1/​ K.DIS.​ ​ ​ DATED​ ​ 07.09.2023​ ​ ISSUED​ ​ BY​ ​ THE​ ​3RD​ RESPONDENT.​ ​ EXHIBIT P18​ ​ TRUE​ ​ ​ COPY​ ​OF​ ​JUDGMENT​ ​ DATED​ ​ 28.5.2020​ ​ IN​ WP(C)​ ​ ​ NO.​ ​ 10525/2020​ ​ PASSED​ ​ BY​ ​ THIS​ HONOURABLE COURT.​ ​ EXHIBIT P19​ ​ TRUE​ ​ ​ COPY​ ​ OF​ ​THE​​JUDGMENT​​ DATED​​ 22.8.2007​​ IN​ DBA​​ ​ NO.​​91/2002​​ AND​​CONNECTED​​ CASES​​PASSED​​ BY​ THIS HONOURABLE COURT.​ ​ EXHIBIT P20​ ​ ​rue​ ​ T copy​ ​of​ ​relevant​ ​pages​ ​of​ ​ the​ proclamation​ ​ ​ dated​ ​27​ ​ Kumbham​ ​1080​ ​ ME​ (corresponding TO 10-3-1905AD)​ ​ RESPONDENT EXHIBITS​ ​ EXHIBIT R1(a)​ ​ ​rue​ ​ T copy​ ​ of​ ​ the​ ​ plaint​ ​ dated​ ​ 14.08.2020​ ​in​ O.S.No.​ ​ ​ 209​ ​of​ ​ 2020​ ​ on​ ​the​ ​file​ ​ of​ ​ the​ Munsiff's Court, Kochi​ ​ EXHIBIT R1(b)​ ​ ​rue​ ​ T copy​ ​ of​ ​ the​ ​ plaint​ ​dated​ ​ 14/08/2020​ ​in​ O.S.​ ​ ​ No.​ ​ 210​ ​ of​ ​ 2020​ ​ on​ ​the​ ​ file​ ​ of​ ​ the​ Munsiff's Court, Kochi​ ​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​38​ ​Connected cases​ EXHIBIT R1(c)​ ​ ​rue​ ​ T copy​ ​ of​ ​ the​ ​ plaint​ ​ in​ ​ O.S.No.​ ​ 211​ ​ of​ 2020​ ​ ​ on​ ​ the​ ​ file​ ​of​ ​ the​ ​ Munsiff's​ ​ Court,​ Kochi​ ​ Exhibit R2(a)​ ​ ​opy​​ C of​​ the​​ letter​​ No.​​ C/442/2025/R.A.E​​ dated​ 25.02.2025​ ​ EXHIBIT R3(a)​ ​ ​RUE​​ T COPY​​ OF​​THE​​LETTER​​ No.​​F-2407/2019​​DATED​ 25.11.2022​ ​ ​ FROM​ ​ THE​ ​ SUB​ ​ COLLECTOR,FORT​ ​ KOCHI​ TO​ ​ ​ ADDITIONAL​ ​ CHIEF​ ​SECRETARY,​ ​REVENUE​ DEPARTMENT.​ ​ EXHIBIT R3(b)​ ​ ​RUE​ ​ T COPY​ ​ OF​ ​ THE​ ​ LETTER​​ No.​​ RDOCHN/2407/2019​

-F1(A) DATED 31.05.2023.​ ​ Exhibit R8(a)​ ​ ​rue​ ​ T copy​ ​ of​ ​ the​ ​ minutes​ ​ of​ ​ the​ ​ meeting​ ​ of​ the​ ​ ​ Cochin​ ​ Devaswon​ ​ Board​ ​ presided​ ​ by​ ​ Shri.​ V. Nandakumar (President), dated 05.07.2022​ ​ Exhibit R8(b)​ ​ ​rue​ ​ T copy​ ​ of​ ​ the​ ​ judgment​ ​ of​ ​ this​ ​ Hon'ble​ Court in W.P.(C) 28599/2022 dated 06.02.2023​ ​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​39​ ​Connected cases​ APPENDIX OF WP(C) 13890/2024​ ​ PETITIONER EXHIBITS​ ​ Exhibit P1​ ​ ​RUE​ ​ T COPY​ ​ OF​​ THE​​ PROCEEDINGS​​ OF​​THE​​ DIWAN​​ OF​ COCHIN,​ ​ ​ ORDER​ ​NO.​ ​DIS.​ ​21/B/98​ ​DATED​ 6.11.1922 (ALONG WITH TYPED COPY).​ ​ Exhibit P2​ ​ TRUE​ ​ ​ COPY​ ​ OF​​THE​​ BASIC​​TAX​​ REGISTER​ ​(അടിസ്ഥാന​ ​നികുതി​ ​രജിസ്റ്റർ)​ ​ DATED​ ​ 25.09.2023​ ​ ISSUED​ ​BY​ ​ THE​ VILLAGE OFFICER, RAMESWARAM VILLAGE.​ ​ Exhibit P3​ ​ ​RUE​ ​ T COPY​ ​ OF​ ​ THE​ ​ JAMABANDY​ ​ ISSUED​ ​ BY​ ​ THE​ VILLAGE​​ ​ OFFICER,​​RAMESWARAM​​ VILLAGE​​ ISSUED​​ ON​ 05.07.2021.​ ​ Exhibit P4​ ​ ​RUE​ ​ T COPY​ ​ OF​ ​ THE​ ​COMMON​ ​ JUDGMENT​ ​ISSUED​ ​ BY​ THIS​ ​ ​ HON'BLE​ ​ COURT​ ​ IN​ ​ W.P.​ ​ (C)​ ​NO.​ 12173/2020,​ ​ ​ W.P.​ ​ (C)​ ​ NO.​ ​ 6753/2020,​​ W.P.​​ (C)​ NO.​ ​ ​ 13816/2020,​ ​ W.P.​ ​(C)​ ​ NO.​ ​ 13965/2020​ ​ AND​ W.P. (C) NO. 18492/2020, DATED 08.04.2022.​ ​ Exhibit P5​ ​ ​RUE​ ​ T COPY​ ​OF​ ​ THE​ ​ JUDGMENT​ ​ OF​ ​ THIS​ ​ HON'BLE​ COURT​ ​ ​ IN​ ​ CONTEMPT​ ​ CASE​ ​ (CIVIL)​​ NO.​​931/2023,​ DATED 31.10.2023.​ ​ Exhibit P6​ ​ ​RUE​ T COPY​ ​ OF​ ​ THE​ ​ ORDER​ ​ NO.​ ​ RDOCHN/2704/2019/F1/K.DIS.​ ​ ​ DATED​ ​ 07.09.2023​ PASSED BY THE 5TH RESPONDENT.​ ​ Exhibit P7​ ​ ​RUE​ ​ T COPY​ ​ OF​ ​ THE​​ LETTER​​BEARING​​ NUMBER-​​D.O.​ NO.​​ ​ 48834/2014/DEV1/REVENUE​​ DATED​​12.09.2014,​ ISSUED​ ​ ​ BY​ ​ THE​ ​THE​ ​SECRETARY,​ ​ GENERAL​ ADMINISTRATION,​ ​ ​ PARLIAMENTARY​ ​AFFAIRS​ ​AND​ REVENUE​ ​ ​ (DEVASWOM)​ ​ DEPARTMENT​ ​ OF​ ​THE​ ​ 3RD​ RESPONDENT​ ​ ​ TO​ ​THE​ ​COMMISSIONER,​ ​ MALABAR​ DEVASWOM BOARD​ ​ Exhibit P8​ ​ ​RUE​ ​ T COPY​ ​ OF​ ​ THE​​LETTER​​BEARING​​ NUMBER,​​D.O.​ NO.​ ​ ​ 31698/DEV.2/2015/RD,​ ​ DATED​ ​23.05.2015,​ ISSUED​ ​ BY​ ​ THE​ ​ SECRETARY,​ ​ GENERAL​ ​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​40​ ​Connected cases​ ​DMINISTRATION​ A AND​ ​ REVENUE​ ​ (DEVASWOM)​ ​ DEPARTMENT​ ​ ​ OF​ ​ THE​ ​ 3RD​ ​RESPONDENT​ ​ TO​ ​ THE​ PRINCIPAL​ ​ ​ SECRETARY​ ​TO​ ​ GOVERNMENT,​ ​ REVENUE​ DEPARTMENT.​ ​ Exhibit P9​ ​ ​RUE​ ​ T COPY​ ​ OF​ ​ THE​ ​ ORDER​ ​ NO.​ ​ B300/2016​ ​ DATED​ 26.04.2019​ ​ ​ ISSUED​ ​BY​ ​ THE​ ​ SPECIAL​ ​ TAHSILDAR,​ COCHIN​ ​ ​ DEVASWOM​ ​ BOARD​ ​ UNDER​ ​THE​ ​ LAND​ CONSERVANCY RULES.​ ​ Exhibit P10​ ​ ​RUE​ ​ T COPY​ ​ OF​ ​ THE​ ​NOTICE​ ​ DATED​ ​ 22.08.2022​ ISSUED​ ​ ​ BY​ ​ THE​ ​8TH​ ​ RESPONDENT​ ​ TO​ ​ THE​ ​ 2ND​ RESPONDENT.​ ​ Exhibit P11​ ​ ​RUE​ ​ T COPY​ ​ OF​ ​ THE​ ​NOTICE​ ​ DATED​ ​ 09.01.2023​ ISSUED​ ​ ​ BY​ ​ THE​ ​8TH​ ​ RESPONDENT​ ​ TO​ ​ THE​ ​ 2ND​ RESPONDENT.​ ​ Exhibit P12​ ​ ​RUE​ ​ T COPY​ ​ OF​ ​THE​ ​LETTER​ ​ SENT​ ​BY​ ​ THE​ PETITIONER​ ​ ​ TO​ ​ THE​ ​ PRESIDENT,​ ​ COCHIN​ ​ DEVASWOM​ BOARD, DATED 28.10.2023.​ ​ Exhibit P13​ ​ ​RUE​ ​ T COPY​ ​ OF​ ​ THE​ ​ PHOTOGRAPHS​ ​ TAKEN​ ​ FROM​ ​ THE​ TEMPLE​ ​ ​ PREMISES​ ​ IN​ ​SY.​​ NOS.​​ 613/1,​​ 613/2​​ AND​ 613/3.​ ​ Exhibit P14​ ​ ​RUE​ ​ T COPY​ ​ OF​ ​ THE​ ​ FIR​ ​ NO.​ ​ 0354​ ​ REGISTERED​ ​ BY​ THE​ ​ ​ PALLURUTHY​ ​KASABA​ ​ POLICE​ ​ STATION​ ​ DATED​ 08/02/2024.​ ​ Exhibit P15​ ​ ​RUE​ ​ T COPY​ ​ OF​​ THE​​LETTER​​ SENT​​ BY​​THE​​ DEVASWOM​ OFFICER,​​ ​ AZHAKIYAKAVU​​DEVASWOM​​TO​​ THE​​ STATION​ HOUSE​ ​ ​ OFFICER,​ ​PALLURUTHY​ ​ POLICE​ ​STATION,​ KOCHI, DATED 19.10.2023.​ ​ Exhibit P16​ ​ ​RUE​ ​ T COPY​ ​ OF​​ THE​​LETTER​​ SENT​​BY​​ THE​​DEVASWOM​ OFFICER,​ ​ ​ AZHAKIYAKAVU​ ​ DEVASWOM​ ​ TO​ ​THE​ ASSISTANT​ ​ COMMISSIONER​ ​ DEVASWOM,​ ​ THRIPUNITHURA, DATED 2.4.2024.​ ​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​41​ ​Connected cases​ Exhibit P17​ ​ ​RUE​ ​ T COPY​ ​ OF​​ THE​​LETTER​​ SENT​​BY​​ THE​​DEVASWOM​ OFFICER,​ ​ ​ AZHAKIYAKAVU​ ​ DEVASWOM​ ​ TO​ ​THE​ ASSISTANT​ ​ COMMISSIONER​ ​ DEVASWOM,​ ​ THRIPUNITHURA, DATED 25.4.2024.​ ​ Exhibit P18​ ​ ​RUE​ ​ T COPY​ ​ OF​​ THE​​LETTER​​ SENT​​BY​​ THE​​DEVASWOM​ OFFICER,​ ​ ​ AZHAKIYAKAVU​ ​ DEVASWOM​ ​ TO​ ​THE​ ASSISTANT​ ​ COMMISSIONER​ ​ DEVASWOM,​ ​ THRIPUNITHURA, DATED 10.05.2024.​ ​ Exhibit P19​ ​ ​RUE​ ​ T COPY​ ​OF​​ THE​​PHOTOGRAPHS​​ (7​​ NOS.)​​OF​​ THE​ ENCROACHMENTS​ ​ ​ (INCLUDING​ ​ THE​ ​BUNK​ ​IN​ ​ BLACK​ COLOUR),​ ​ ​ ILLEGAL​ ​ PARKING​ ​ AND​ ​ DUMPING​ ​OF​ WASTE,​ ​ ​ CEMENT,​ ​ CEMENT​ ​BLOCKS​​ AND​​ SAND​​ON​​ THE​ NORTH-WESTERN CORNER OF SURVEY NO. 613/1.​ ​ Exhibit P20​ ​ A​ ​ ​ TRUE​ ​ COPY​ ​ OF​ ​ COMPLAINT​ ​ DATED​ ​ 11.07.2025​ GIVEN​ ​ ​ BY​ ​THE​ ​ PETITIONER​ ​ TO​ ​ THE​ ​DIRECTOR​ GENERAL OF POLICE, KERALA​ ​ Exhibit P21​ ​ A​ ​ ​ TRUE​ ​ COPY​ ​OF​ ​LETTER​ ​GIVEN​ ​ BY​ ​ SMT.GIRIJA​ DATED​ ​ ​ 01.11.2018​ ​ TO​ ​THE​ ​ SPECIAL​ ​ THAHSILDAR,​ KOCHI​ ​ Exhibit P22​ ​ A​ ​ ​ TRUE​ ​COPY​ ​OF​ ​ JUDGEMENT​ ​ IN​ ​ WPC.NO.28599​ ​ OF​ 2022​ ​ ​ DATED​ ​ 06.02.2023​ ​ PASSED​ ​BY​​ THIS​​HON'BLE​ COURT​ ​ ​ IS​ ​ PRODUCED​ ​ HEREWITH​ ​ AND​ ​MARKED​ ​AS​ EXHIBIT P17​ ​ Exhibit P23​ ​ A​ ​ ​ TRUE​ ​COPY​ ​ OF​ ​ORDER​ ​NO.R.609/2002​ ​ DATED​ 17.08.2022 WITH A READABLE COPY​ ​ Exhibit P24​ ​ A​​ ​ ROUGH​​ SKETCH​​ PREPARED​​ BY​​THE​​PETITIONER​​ FOR​ REFERENCE​ ​ ​ PURPOSE,​ ​ SHOWING​ ​ THE​ ​ HOUSES​ ​OF​ ADDITIONAL​​ ​ RESPONDENTS​​ SOUGHT​​TO​​ BE​​ IMPLEADED​ AS RESPONDENTS 25 TO 34​ ​ Exhibit P25​ ​ A​​ ​ ROUGH​​ SKETCH​​ PREPARED​​ BY​​THE​​PETITIONER​​ FOR​ REFERENCE​ ​ ​ PURPOSE,​ ​ TO​ ​ SHOW​ ​ THE​ ​HOUSES​ ​OF​ ADDITIONAL​​ ​ RESPONDENTS​​ SOUGHT​​TO​​ BE​​ IMPLEADED​ AS RESPONDENTS 24 & 35​ ​ Exhibit P26​ ​ A​ ​ ​ ROUGH​ ​ LOCATION​ ​ SKETCH​ ​ PREPARED​ ​ BY​ ​ THE​ PETITIONER​​ ​ FOR​​ REFERENCE​​ PURPOSE​​ ,SHOWING​​THE​ HOUSES OF THESE RESPONDENTS 13, 14, 15, & 16​ ​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​42​ ​Connected cases​ Exhibit P27​ ​ ​​ ​ A ROUGH​ ​LOCATION​ ​ SKETCH​ ​ PREPARED​ ​ BY​ ​THE​ PETITIONER​ ​ ​ FOR​ ​REFERENCE​ ​ PURPOSE,SHOWING​ ​ THE​ HOUSES​ ​ ​ OF​ ​ THESE​ ​ RESPONDENTS​ ​ 17,18,19,20,21,​ 22 & 23​ ​ Exhibit P28​ ​ A​ ​ ​ TRUE​ ​ COPY​ ​OF​ ​ REPLY​ ​DATED​ ​01.11.2024​ ​GIVEN​ BY​ ​ ​ THE​ ​ DEVASWOM​ ​ OFFICER​ ​ OF​ ​AZHAKIYAKAVU​ DEVASWOM TO THE PETITIONER​ ​ Exhibit P29​ ​ A​ ​ ​ TRUE​ ​ COPY​ ​OF​ ​ ROUGH​ ​SKETCH​ ​PREPARED​ ​BY​ ​ THE​ PETITIONER​ ​ ​ FOR​ ​ REFERENCE​ ​ PURPOSE,​ ​ DEPICTING​ THE​ ​ ​ LAYOUT​ ​ OF​ ​THE​ ​ LAND​ ​ IN​ ​DISPUTE​ ​ IN​ AZHAKIYAKAVU​ ​ Exhibit P30​ ​ A​ ​ ​ TRUE​ ​COPY​ ​ OF​ ​ THE​ ​FMB​ ​ SKETCH​ ​DATED​ 28.11.1980​ ​ ​ ISSUED​ ​ BY​ ​ THE​ ​SUPERINTENDENT​ ​ OF​ STATE​ ​ ​ ARCHEOLOGICAL​ ​ DEPARTMENT​ ​ ERNAKULAM​ ​TO​ THE​ ​ ​ PETITIONER​ ​ UPON​ ​ HIS​ ​ APPLICATION​ ​ ON​ 13-03-2019​ ​ ​ UNDER​ ​ THE​ ​RIGHT​ ​ TO​ ​ INFORMATION​ ACT, 2005​ ​ Exhibit P31​ ​ A​ ​ ​ TRUE​ ​COPY​ ​ OF​ ​ A​ ​&​ ​B​ ​REGISTER​ ​ DATED​ 15.07.2025​ ​ ​ GIVEN​ ​ BY​ ​ THE​ ​PUBLIC​ ​INFORMATION​ OFFICER​ ​ ​ OF​ ​ RAMESWARAM​ ​ VILLAGE​ ​OFFICE​ ​TO​ ​ THE​ PETITIONER​ ​ ​ UNDER​ ​ THE​ ​RIGHT​ ​ TO​ ​ INFORMATION​ ACT, 2005​ ​ Exhibit P32​ ​ A​ ​ ​ TRUE​ ​COPY​ ​ OF​ ​ A​ ​&​ ​B​ ​REGISTER​ ​ DATED​ 15.07.2025​ ​ ​ GIVEN​ ​ BY​ ​ THE​ ​PUBLIC​ ​INFORMATION​ OFFICER​ ​ ​ OF​ ​ RAMESWARAM​ ​ VILLAGE​ ​OFFICE​ ​TO​ ​ THE​ PETITIONER​ ​ ​ UNDER​ ​ THE​ ​RIGHT​ ​ TO​ ​ INFORMATION​ ACT, 2005​ ​ Exhibit P33​ ​ A​ ​ ​ TRUE​ ​COPY​ ​ OF​ ​ A​ ​&​ ​B​ ​REGISTER​ ​ DATED​ 15.07.2025​ ​ ​ GIVEN​ ​ BY​ ​ THE​ ​PUBLIC​ ​INFORMATION​ OFFICER​ ​ ​ OF​ ​ RAMESWARAM​ ​ VILLAGE​ ​OFFICE​ ​TO​ ​ THE​ PETITIONER​ ​ ​ UNDER​ ​ THE​ ​RIGHT​ ​ TO​ ​ INFORMATION​ ACT, 2005​ ​ Exhibit P34​ ​ A​ ​ ​ TRUE​ ​COPY​ ​ OF​ ​ A​ ​&​ ​B​ ​REGISTER​ ​ DATED​ 15.07.2025​ ​ ​ GIVEN​ ​ BY​ ​ THE​ ​PUBLIC​ ​INFORMATION​ OFFICER​ ​ ​ OF​ ​ RAMESWARAM​ ​ VILLAGE​ ​OFFICE​ ​TO​ ​ THE​ PETITIONER​ ​ ​ UNDER​ ​ THE​ ​RIGHT​ ​ TO​ ​ INFORMATION​ ACT, 2005​ ​ Exhibit P35​ ​ A​ ​ ​ TRUE​ ​COPY​ ​ OF​ ​ A​ ​&​ ​B​ ​REGISTER​ ​ DATED​ 15.07.2025​ ​ ​ GIVEN​ ​ BY​ ​ THE​ ​PUBLIC​ ​INFORMATION​ OFFICER​ ​ ​ OF​ ​ RAMESWARAM​ ​ VILLAGE​ ​OFFICE​ ​TO​ ​ THE​ PETITIONER​ ​ ​ UNDER​ ​ THE​ ​RIGHT​ ​ TO​ ​ INFORMATION​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​43​ ​Connected cases​ ​CT, 2005​ A Exhibit P36​ ​ A​ ​ ​ TRUE​ ​COPY​ ​OF​ ​ PHOTOGRAPH​ ​ DATED​ ​01.02.2025​ DEPICTING​ ​ ​ THE​ ​ PARKING​ ​ OF​ ​ VEHICLES​ ​ IN​ AZHAKIYAKAVU TEMPLE COMPOUND​ ​ Exhibit P37​ ​ A​ ​ ​ TRUE​ ​ COPY​ ​OF​ ​ COMPLAINT​ ​ DATED​ ​ 16.08.2025​ SUBMITTED​ ​ ​ BY​ ​THE​ ​SECRETARY​ ​ OF​ ​ AZHAKIYAKAVU​ LAND​​ ​ PROTECTION​​ COMMITTEE,​​ PALLURUTHY​​ ,BEFORE​ THE​ ​ ​ DIRECTOR​ ​GENERAL​ ​ OF​ ​ POLICE,​ ​ KERALA​ ​ WITH​ THE​ ​ ​ STATEMENT​ ​ OF​ ​ SAYYED​ ​ HUSSAINUDHEEN​ RECORDED​ ​ ​ BY​ ​ ASSISTANT​ ​ COMMISSIONER​ ​ OF​ POLICE,MATTANCHERY​ ​ ​ WITH​ ​ AN​ ​ ATTESTED​ ​TYPED​ COPY​ ​ Exhibit P38​ ​ A​ ​ ​ TRUE​ ​COPY​ ​ OF​ ​ REPLY​ ​ DATED​ ​ 18.07.2025​ ​GIVEN​ BY​ ​ ​ THE​ ​PUBLIC​ ​INFORMATION​ ​ OFFICER​ ​OF​ ​ THE​ REVENUE​ ​ ​ DIVISIONAL​ ​ OFFICE​ ​ ,FORT​ ​KOCHI​​TO​​ THE​ PETITIONER​ ​ ​ UNDER​ ​THE​ ​ RIGHT​ ​ TO​ ​INFORMATION​ ACT,2005​ ​ Exhibit P39​ ​ A​ ​ ​ TRUE​ ​COPY​ ​ OF​ ​ NEWS​ ​ REPORT​ ​ DATED​ ​25.10.2025​ PUBLISHED IN KERALA KOUMUDI DAILY​ ​ RESPONDENTS'EXHIBITS​ ​ EXT.R3(a)​ ​ ​RUE​ ​ T COPY​ ​OF​ ​THE​ ​LETTER​ ​ NO.F-2407/2019​ DT.25.11.2022​ ​ ​ FROM​ ​ THE​ ​SUB​ ​ COLLECTOR,​ ​ FORT​ KOCHI​ ​ ​ TO​ ​ ADDITIONAL​ ​ CHIEF​ ​ SECRETARY,​​REVENUE​ DEPARTMENT.​ ​ EXT.R3(b)​ ​ TRUE​ ​ COPY​ ​ OF​ ​ THE​ ​ LETTER​ ​ NO.​ ​ RDOCHN/2407/2019-FI (A) DT.31.05.2023.​ ​ RESPONDENT ANNEXURES​ ​ Annexure R13(a)​ ​ ​RUE​ ​ T COPY​ ​OF​ ​INJUNCTION​ ​ ORDER​ ​DATED​ 07/09/2020​ ​ ​ OF​ ​ THE​ ​ HON'BLE​ ​ MUNSIFF'S​ ​ COURT​ KOCHI-I IN IA NO.2 IN OS NO. 209/2020​ ​ Annexure R13(b)​ ​ TRUE​ ​ ​ COPY​ ​OF​ ​INJUNCTION​ ​ ORDER​ ​DATED​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​44​ ​Connected cases​ ​7/09/2020​ ​ 0 OF​ ​ THE​ ​HON'BLE​ ​ MUNSIFF'S​ ​ COURT​ KOCHI-I IN IA NO.2 IN OS NO. 210/2020​ ​ Annexure R13(c)​ ​ TRUE​ ​ ​ COPY​ ​ OF​ ​ INJUNCTION​ ​ ORDER​ ​ DATED​ 07/09/2020​ ​ ​ OF​ ​ THE​ ​HON'BLE​ ​ MUNSIFF'S​ ​ COURT​ KOCHI-I IN IA NO.2 IN OS NO. 211/2020​ ​ Annexure R13(d)​ ​ TRUE​ ​ ​ COPY​ ​OF​ ​THE​ ​PHOTOGRAPH​ ​ SHOWING​ ​ THE​ HOUSES​ ​ ​ ON​ ​ THE​ ​ WESTERN​ ​ SIDE​ ​OF​ ​ THE​ ​VADAKKE​ VELI​ ​ ​ FROM​ ​ THE​ ​ MAIN​ ​ROAD​ ​ ON​ ​ THE​ ​ EASTERN​ ​SIDE​ OF THE VADAKKE VELI​ ​ Annexure R13(e)​ ​ TRUE​ ​ ​ COPY​ ​OF​ ​THE​ ​PHOTOGRAPH​ ​ SHOWING​ ​ THE​ CLOSER​ ​ ​ PICTURE​ ​OF​ ​ THE​ ​ HOUSES​ ​ ON​ ​ THE​ ​ WESTERN​ SIDE OF THE VADAKKE VELI​ ​ Annexure R13(f)​ ​ TRUE​ ​ ​ COPY​ ​OF​ ​THE​ ​PHOTOGRAPH​ ​ SHOWING​ ​ THE​ PATHWAY​ ​ ​ SITUATED​ ​ IN​ ​ VADAKKE​ ​ VELI​ ​ IN​ SOUTH-NORTH DIRECTION ABUTTING THE LANE​ ​ Annexure R13(g)​ ​ TRUE​ ​ ​ COPY​ ​OF​ ​THE​ ​PHOTOGRAPH​ ​ SHOWING​ ​ THE​ PATHWAY​ ​ ​ SITUATED​ ​ IN​ ​ THEKKE​ ​ VELI​ ​ IN​ SOUTH-NORTH DIRECTION ABUTTING THE LANE​ ​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​45​ ​Connected cases​ APPENDIX OF WP(C) 41565/2023​ ​ PETITIONER EXHIBITS​ ​ Exhibit P1​ ​ ​RUE​ ​ T COPY​ ​OF​ ​THE​ ​ORDER​ ​ DIS.21/B/98​ ​ OF​ GOVERNMENT OF COCHIN 06/11/1922​ ​ Exhibit P2​ ​ TRUE​ ​ ​ COPY​ ​ OF​ ​ORDER​ ​ NO​ ​ B.300/2016​ ​ DT​ 26/04/2019 PASSED BY THE 5TH RESPONDENT​ ​ Exhibit P3​ ​ TRUE​ ​ ​ COPY​ ​ OF​​ COMMON​​JUDGMENT​​ IN​​WP©​​13816​​ OF​ 2020​​ ​ AND​​CONNECTED​​CASES​​DT​​ 08/04/2022​​ PASSED​ BY HON'BLE HIGH COURT OF KERALA​ ​ Exhibit P4​ ​ TRUE​ ​ COPY​ ​ ​ OF​ ​ ORDER​ NO​ ​ RDOCHN​ ​ ​ /​ 2704/2019-F1,/KDIS​ ​ ​ DT​ ​ 07/09/2023​ ​ ISSUED​ ​ BY​ THE 4TH RESPONDENT​ ​ Exhibit P5​ ​ THE​ ​ ​ PHOTOGRAPH​ ​SHOWING​ ​ THE​ ​ SREE​ ​MOOLASTHANAM​ OF AZHAKIYAKAVU TEMPLE​ ​ RESPONDENTS' EXHIBITS​ ​ Exhibit R2(a)​ ​ ​RUE​ ​ T COPY​ ​ OF​ ​ LETTER​ ​ NO.​​ C/442/2025/RAE​​ DATED​ 25.02.2025​ ​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​46​ ​Connected cases​ APPENDIX OF DBP 42/2025​ ​ PETITIONER ANNEXURES​ ​ ​nnexure O1​ A ​OPY OF THE COMPLAINT​ C Annexure O2​ ​ COPY​ ​ ​ OF​ ​THE​ ​REPORT​ ​ OF​ ​THE​ DEVASWOM​ ​ COMMISSIONER DATED 12.06.2025​ ​ EXHIBIT-1​ ​ ​HOTOGRAPH​ ​ P OF​ ​ Sy.​ ​ 613/1-​ ​NORTH​ ​ EASTERN​ ​SIDE​ OF TEMPLE​ ​ EXHIBIT-2​ ​ COPY​​ ​ OF​​ ORDER​​ NO.​​ B-300/2016​​ DATE​​26-04-2019​ WITH LIST OF TOTAL 25 ENCROACHERS.​ ​ EXHIBIT-3​ ​ PHOTOGRAPH​ ​ ​ OF​ ​Sy.613/2​ ​ &​ ​613/3​ ​-​ ​SOUTH​ EASTERN SIDE OF TEMPLE PROPERTY​ ​ EXHIBIT-4​ ​ PHOTOGRAPH​ ​ ​ OF​ ​ COMMERCIAL​ ​ BUILDING​ ​THE​ ​ OWNER​ RETURNED BACK THE LAND ENCROACHED.​ ​ ​XHIBIT-5​ E COPY OF FMB SKETCH OF Sy.613​ ​ EXHIBIT-6​ ​ COPY OF THE TEMPLE LOCATION SKETCH.​ ​ EXHIBIT-7​ ​ PHOTOGRAPH​ ​ ​ OF​ ​CCTV​ ​ STILL​ ​-​ ​ SMASHING​ ​ OF​ BOUNDARY STONES ON 26-02-2020​ ​ ​XHIBIT-8​ E COPY OF REPORT R1-1764/22 DATED 19-10-2022​ ​ EXHIBIT-9​ ​ COPY​ ​ ​ OF​ ​ NUMBER​ ​18th​ ​ DECISION​ ​BY​ ​ CDB​ ​ON​ 16-12-2022​ ​ EXHIBIT-10​ ​ COPY​ ​ ​ OF​ ​ NUMBER​ ​5th​ ​ DECISION​ ​ BY​ ​ CDB​ ​ON​ 14-03-2023.​ ​ EXHIBIT-11​ ​ COPY​ ​ ​ OF​ ​LETTER​ ​ FROM​ ​ Mr.P.SUNIL​ ​ DATED​ 19-04-2025​ ​ EXHIBIT-12​ ​ COPY​ ​ ​ OF​ ​LETTER​ ​FROM​ ​ AZHAKIYA​ ​ KAVU​ ​ TEMPLE​ LAND PROTECTION COMMITTEE DATED 16-04-2025.​ ​ EXHIBIT-13​ ​ COPY​ ​ ​ OF​ ​LETTER​ ​ FROM​ ​ PETITIONER​ ​ DATED​ 21-07-2024​ ​ EXHIBIT-14​ ​ COPY​ ​ ​ OF​ ​HIGH​ ​ COURT​ ​ ORDER​ ​ IN​ ​ WPC-28599​ ​ OF​ 2023 DATED 06-02-2023.​ ​ EXHIBIT-15​ ​ RTI REPLY FROM DEVASWOM OFFICER DATED​ ​ 01-11-2024​ ​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​47​ ​Connected cases​ APPENDIX OF DBP 43/2025​ ​ PETITIONER ANNEXURES​ ​ ​nnexure O1​ A ​OPY OF THE COMPLAINT​ C Annexure O2​ ​ COPY​ ​ ​ OF​ ​THE​ ​REPORT​ ​ OF​ ​THE​ DEVASWOM​ ​ COMMISSIONER DATED 12.06.2025​ ​ EXHIBIT-1​ ​ ​OPY​ ​ C OF​ ​ COMPLAINT​ ​SUBMITTED​ ​ TO​ ​ THE​ ​ HON'BLE​ OMBUDSMAN​ ​ ​ FOR​ ​ TRAVANCORE​ ​ &​ ​ COCHIN​ ​ DEVASWOM​ BOARDS​​ ​ BY​​SECRETARY​​OF​​ PUNARUDHARANA​​ SAMITHI​ OF​ ​ ​ AZHAKIYA​ ​KAVU​ ​ BHAGAVATHI​ ​ SHETHRAM​ ​DATED​ 23-03-2019.​ ​ EXHIBIT-2​ ​ ​OPY​ ​ C OF​ ​ THE​ ​ ORDER​ ​ ISSUED​ ​ BY​ ​ HON'BLE​​ JUSTICE​ SHRI.​ ​ ​ P.R.​ ​RAMAN​ ​AS​ ​ IN​ ​THE​ ​ CAPACITY​ ​ OF​ HON'BLE​ ​ ​ OMBUDSMAN​ ​ FOR​ ​ TRAVANCORE​ ​ &​ ​ COCHIN​ DEVASWOM BOARDS DATED 14-06-2019​ ​ EXHIBIT-3​ ​ CASE HISTORY OF DBP -54/2019​ ​ EXHIBIT-4​ ​ ​OPY​ ​ C OF​ ​ THE​ ​ E-MAIL​ ​SENT​ ​ TO​ ​ RD​ ​ OFFICE​ ​ FORT​ KOCHI​ ​ ​ BY​ ​ GP​ ​MR.​ ​ T.K.ANANDAKRISHNAN​ ​ DATED​ 19-08-2019.​ ​ EXHIBIT-5​ ​ ​OPY​ ​ C OF​ ​ FABRICATED​ ​ FORM-A​ ​ INSERTED​ ​ IN​ ​ THE​ E-MAIL DATED 19-08-2019.​ ​ EXHIBIT-6​ ​ READABLE TRUE COPY OF FORM-A.​ ​ EXHIBIT-7​ ​ ​ONFIRMATION​​ C FROM​​ VILLAGE​​ OFFICE,​​ RAMESWARAM​ NO.47/24 DATED 14-11-2024.​ ​ EXHIBIT-8​ ​ ​ONFIRMATION​ ​ C FROM​ ​ THE​ ​ THALUKK​ ​ OFFICE​ ​ KOCHI​ TLKCHN/4075/2024-E4 DATED 17- 08-2024.​ ​ EXHIBIT-9​ ​ ​ONFIRMATION​ ​ C FROM​ ​ THE​ ​ RD​ ​ OFFICE​ ​ FORT​ ​ KOCHI​ RDOCHIN/3613/2024-F1/RTI DATED 10-12-2024.​ ​ ​2025:KER:87956​ ​ .P.(C) No. 33115 of 2023 and​ W ​48​ ​Connected cases​ EXHIBIT-10​ ​ COPY OF FILE NOTES IN F-2407/2019.​ ​ EXHIBIT-11​ ​ ​OPY​ C OF​ ​ ORDER​ ​ NO.F-2407/2019​ ​ FROM​ ​ SUB-COLLECTOR​ ​