Supreme Court of India
Lakshmanasami Gounder vs C.I.T. Selvamani And Ors on 1 November, 1991
Equivalent citations: 1991 SCR, SUPL. (2) 181 1992 SCC (1) 91, 1992 AIR SCW 551, 1992 (1) SCC 91, (1992) 1 MAD LJ 23, (1992) 106 TAXATION 378, (1992) 60 TAXMAN 140, (1991) 100 CURTAXREP 274, (1992) 2 JT 298 (SC)
Author: K. Ramaswamy
Bench: K. Ramaswamy, S.R. Pandian
PETITIONER: LAKSHMANASAMI GOUNDER Vs. RESPONDENT: C.I.T. SELVAMANI AND ORS. DATE OF JUDGMENT01/11/1991 BENCH: RAMASWAMY, K. BENCH: RAMASWAMY, K. PANDIAN, S.R. (J) CITATION: 1991 SCR Supl. (2) 181 1992 SCC (1) 91 JT 1992 (2) 298 1991 SCALE (2)956 ACT: Tamil Nadu Revenue Recovery Act, 1894:-- Sections 36 & Forms 7 and 7.4---Omission of specification of place of sale----Sale rendered irregular and invalid. HEADNOTE: The appellant was alleged to have misap- propriated a sum of Rs. 12,163.50 [though acquitted of the charge of misappropriation] and for the recovery thereof his 13.07 acres of coffee estate was brought to sale under the Tamil Nadu Revenue Recovery Act, 1894. On March 30,1979 the sale by public auc- tion was held by the Tehsildar. The first respondent purchased the said estate for a sum of Rs. 12,225 and deposited a sum of Rupees 2000 being 15% of the sale price. Under sec- tion 36 of the Act, he should have deposited the balance consideration within 30 days from the date of the auction. This sale was con- firmed on October 23,1981 and the balance amount was deposited on November 4, 1981. So the appellant filed an application to set aside the sale but the Revenue Divisional Officer overruled the objections and dismissed the application. On appeal to Additional District Collector on October 13, 1982, the sale was set aside. So the first respondent filed writ petition in the High Court and the single High Court Judge quashed the order of the Additional District Collector. The writ appeal by the appellant to the Division Bench was also dismissed. Hence the appellant came to this Court. The appellant urged that under section 36 of the Act it is mandatory that the date and place of sale 'shall' be published in the Gazetee and that the publication did not mention the place of sale so the sale is invalid in law. It was further submitted that it was equally mandatory that the balance sale consideration of 85% should be deposited within 30 days from the date of sale which was done by the first respondent only on November 4, 1981 long after one year 182 and eight months of the date of sale and therefore illegal. While the first respondent contended that it was Form 7 and not Form 7A that would be applicable to the facts of the instant case and that Form 7 contains the place o[ sale and that it was complied with. Therefore, the said sale is not illegal. It was further submitted that the deposit was made after protracted correspondence and that the non-deposit within 30 days from the date of sale is not illegal since the deposit was accepted by the authority. Therefore the confirmation of the sale is not illegal. Granting the special leave, dismissing the writ Petition, setting aside the Judgment of the High Court, and restoring the order of the Additional District Collector, the Court HELD: That in the instant case, the High Court has wholly misconceived section 36 of the Act. A reading of the said section mani- fests that the word 'shall' is mandatory in the context. The publication is an invitation to the intending bidders to prepare an partic- ipate at the bid. Unless there is due publica- tion of the date and the place of sale, the intending purchasers cannot be expected to run after the sale officer. The sale officer has a statutory duty and a responsibility to have the date and place of sale mentioned in the notice giving due, publication in terms of the Act and the Rules. Public auction is one of the modes of sale intending to get highest competitive price for the property and it also ensures fairness in actions of the public authorities or the sale officers who should act fairly objectively and kindly. Nothing should be suggestive of bias favouritism nepotism or beset with suspicious features of under bidding detrimental to the legitimate interest of the debtor. [184 F, G 1 85 A] Further it is settled law that the word 'shall' be construed in the light of the purpose of the Act or Rule that seeks to serve. Even though the word 'shall' be ordi- narily mandatory but in the context or if the intention is otherwise it may be construed to be directory. The construction ultimately depends upon the provision itself. Considered from this prospective of non-compliance of section 35 that is comission to mention the place of sale would visit the deprivation of the property to the debtor for an adequate consideration due to absence of competing bidders. Hence the specification of the date & place of sale 'shall' be mandatory. The forms either 7 or 7A are only procedural and they should be in conformity with section 36. The form cannot prevail over the statute. The omission of specification of the place of sale in the form renders the sale not merely irreg- ular but also invalid. [185 C; H - 186 B] 183 Equally the second objection is insur- mountable. It is mandatory that the balance of the sale amount shall be remitted within 30 days from the date of auction and if not the earnest money deposited is liable to forfei- ture. Section 36 mandates remittance of the balance of 85% of the sale consideration within 30 days from the date of auction. It is obligatory on the purchaser to deposit the amount within the period unless prevented by an order of the Court or Tribunal. So the confirmation of sale without compliance is illegal and the sale is vitiated by manifest error of Law & rightly set aside by the Addi- tional District Magistrate. The High Court has committed error in law in interfering with the order of the appellate authority. [186 B-D] JUDGMENT:
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 4380 of 1991.
From the Judgment and Order dated 10.4.1991 of the Madras High Court in Writ Appeal No. 38 of 1991.
K. Parasaran, K.V. Vijaya Kumar and V. Bala Chandran for the Appellants. C.T. Selvamani and P.P. Tripathi for the Respondents.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by K. RAMASWAMY, J. Special Leave is granted. This appeal is against the judgment dated April 4, 1991 of the Madras High Court. A sum of Rs. 12,163.50 p. was alleged to have been misappropriated by the appellant (now he was acquitted of the charge of misappropriation) and for the recovery thereof his 13.07 acres of coffee estate situated in Semmanthaputhur village was brought to sale under the Tamil Nadu Revenue Recovery Act, 1894 (for short 'The Act'). On March 30, 1979 the sale by auction was held by the Tahsildar. The first respondent purchased for a sum of Rs. 12,225 and deposited a sum of Rs.2,000 being 15 per cent of the sale price. Under Sec. 36 of the Act, the first respondent should have deposit- ed the balance consideration within 30 days from the date of the auction. On October 23,1981 the sale was confirmed and the balance amount was deposited on November 4, 1981. The appellant filed an application but by proceed- ing dated October 23, 1981, the Revenue Divi- sional Officer overruled the objections and dismissed the application. On appeal the Addl. Distt. Collector, Salem set aside the sale on October 13,1982. The first respondent filed writ petition 184 No. 246 of 1984 in the High Court. The learned Single Judge by judgment dated August 21, 1990 quashed the order of the Addl. Dist. Collec- tor. On writ appeal, the Division Bench dis- missed it. Thus this appeal.
The formidable objection raised by the appellant is that it is mandatory under Sec.36 that the date and place of sale shall be published in the Gazette and that the publica- tion did not mention the place of sale. There- fore, the sale is invalid in law. It is also his further plea that it is equally mandatory that the balance sale consideration of 85% should be deposited within 30 days from the date of sale which was done only on November 4, 1981 long after one year and eight months of the date of sale. The sale and Confirmation thereof are, therefore, illegal. The learned Single Judge and the Division Bench held that Form 7A of the forms prescribed under the Act read with relevant provisions of the Board Standing Order No.41 does not prescribe the place of sale and that, therefore, the omis- sion to specify the place of sale does not render the sale invalid nor an irregularity. Shri Selvamam, the first respondent-in-person (himself a practising Advocate) contended that it is Form 7 and not Form 7A that would be applicable to the facts of the case. Form 7 contains the place of sale and that it was complied with. Therefore, the sale is not illegal. It is also contended that the deposit was made after protracted correspondence and that, therefore, the non-deposit within 30 days from the date of sale is not illegal. At any rate, having accepted the amount, the authority acquiesced to the deposit/Therefore, the confirmation of the sale is not illegal. We find no substance in either of the conten- tions. The contention that Form 7 and not Form 7A would be applicable to the facts, is not the case set up or argued either before the authorities or the courts below. For the first time he cannot raise that plea in this Court. That apart specifically the High Court (learned Single Judge and the Division Bench) held that it is form 7A that is applicable and that it does not prescribe publication of place of sale and therefore, the omission thereof does not render the sale invalid. The High Court wholly misconceived of Sec.36. A reading of Sec. 36 manifests that the word 'shall' is mandatory in the context. The publication is an invitation to the intending bidders to prepare and participate at the bid. Unless there is a due publication of the date and place of sale, the intending purchasers cannot be expected to run after the Sale Officer to find out the date and place of sale and to participate thereat. The Sale officer has a statutory duty and a responsi- bility to have the date and place of sale men- tioned in the notice and given due publication in terms of the Act and the Rules. Public auction is one of the modes of sale intending to get highest competitive price for the property. Public auction also ensures fairness in actions of the public authorities or the sale 185 officers who should act fairly, objectively and kindly. Their action should be legitimate. Their dealing should be free from suspicion. Nothing should be suggestive of bias, favouri- tism, napotism or beset with suspicious fea- tures of underbidding detrimental to the legitimate interest of the debtor. The fair and objective public auction would relieve the public authorities or sale officers from above features and accountability. Any infraction in this regard would render the sale invalid. It is settled law that the word 'shall' be construed in the light of the purpose the Act or Rule that seeks to serve. It is not an invariable rule that even though the word 'shall' is ordinarily mandatory but in the context or if the intention is otherwise, it may be construed to be directory.The construc- tion ultimately depends upon the provisions itself, keeping in view the intendment of the enactment or of the context in which the word 'shall' has been used and the mischief it seeks to avoid. Where the consequence of failure to comply with any requirement of a provision is provided by the statute itself, the consequence has to be determined with reference to the nature of the provision, the purpose of enactment and the effect of non- compliance thereof. In its absence the conse- quence has to be determined with reference to the effect of the non-compliance of the provi- sion of the legislature. Mere use of the word 'shall' need not be given that connotation in each and every case that the provision would be invariably interpreted to be mandatory or directory. But given due consideration to the object, design, purpose and scope of the legislation the word shall be construed and interpreted in that design and given due emphasis. See.36 obligates the Sale Officer (Tahsildar) that he shall publish the date and place of sale.The object thereby is an invita- tion to the public at large that the notified property would be brought to sale at that specified time and place and that they are invited to participate, if they so desire. To reiterate for emphasis and continuity that the object of the sale is to secure the maximum price and to avoid arbitrariness in the proce- dure adopted before sale and to prevent under- hand dealings in effecting sale and purchase of the debtor's property. As a responsibility as sale officer and a duty towards the debtor, the sale officer should conduct the sale strictly in conformity with the prescribed procedure under the statute and the rules as the case may be. Such due and wide publicity would relieve the debtor from the maximum liability he owes and payable to the creditor. This responsibility is not only salutory to vouchsafe bonafides in the conduct of the sale officer but also to ensure fairness in the procedure adopted in bringing the property of the debtor to sale. Considered from this perspective the non-compliance of Sec.35 i.e., omission to mention the place of sale world visit with deprivation of the property to the debtor 186 for an inadequate sale consideration due to absence of competing bidders. Thus, we hold that specification of the date and place of sale shall be mandatory. The forms either 7 or 7A are only procedural and they should be in conformity with Sec. 36. The form cannot prevail over the statute. The omission of specification of the place of sale in the form renders the sale not merely irregulate but also invalid.
Equally the second objection is insur- mountable. It is mandatory that "the balance of the sale amount shall be remitted within 30 days from the date of auction" and if not the earnest money deposited is liable to forfei- ture. Confirmation of the sale should precede the deposit of the sale amount. Sec. 36 man- dates remittance of the balance of 85% of the sale consideration within 30 days from the date of auction. It is obligatory on the purchaser to deposit the amount within that period unless he is prevented by an order of the court or tribunal from so making depos- it. The 'non-compliance renders the 15% depos- it liable to forfeiture. Therefore, the con- firmation of the sale without compliance is illegal. We hold that the sale is vitiated by manifest error of law and rightly set aside by the Addl. Dist. Collector, Salem (Appellate Authority). The High Court, both the learned Single Judge and the Division Bench committed menifest error of law in interfering with the order of the appellate authority. The appeal is accordingly allowed. The writ petition stands dismissed and that of the order of the Addl. Distt. Collector, Salem restored, but in the circumstances parties are directed to bear their own costs throughout.
S.B. Appeal allowed.
87