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[Cites 16, Cited by 1]

Gujarat High Court

Hiteshkumar Jashwantsinh Taparia ... vs Municipal Commissioner on 26 June, 2015

Author: J.B.Pardiwala

Bench: J.B.Pardiwala

       C/SCA/9185/2015                               CAV JUDGMENT



           IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD
              SPECIAL CIVIL APPLICATION NO. 9185 of 2015



FOR APPROVAL AND SIGNATURE:



HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE J.B.PARDIWALA

==========================================================

1    Whether Reporters of Local Papers may be allowedYes
     to see the judgment ?

2    To be referred to the Reporter or not ?            No

3    Whether their Lordships wish to see the fair copy ofNo
     the judgment ?

4    Whether this case involves a substantial question ofNo
     law as to the interpretation of the Constitution of
     India or any order made thereunder ?

==========================================================
     HITESHKUMAR JASHWANTSINH TAPARIA (CHIEF FIRE OFFICER ,
          VADODARA MUNICIPAL CORPORATION)....Petitioner(s)
                            Versus
             MUNICIPAL COMMISSIONER....Respondent(s)
==========================================================
Appearance:
MR KB PUJARA, ADVOCATE for the Petitioner(s) No. 1
MR MAULIK G NANAVATI, ADVOCATE for the Respondent(s) No. 1
==========================================================

          CORAM: HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE J.B.PARDIWALA

                           Date :   26/06/2015


                           CAV JUDGMENT

1. By this writ­application under Article 226 of  the   Constitution   of   India,   the   petitioner   a  Page 1 of 22 C/SCA/9185/2015 CAV JUDGMENT suspended Chief Fire Officer, Vadodara Municipal  Corporation   has   prayed   for   the   following  reliefs:­ "(a) to quash and set aside the impugned order of   suspension dtd. 30­05­2015 passed by the respondent  as per Annexure­M;

(b) PENDING  THE HEARING  AND FINAL DISPOSAL  OF THIS  PETITIN, BE PLEASED to say the further operation of  the   impugned   order   of   suspension   dtd.   30­05­2015  passed by the respondent as per Annexure - M, and to   allow the petitioner to discharge duties and to draw  salaries as he was doing prior to the passing of the  said order;

(c) PENDING  THE HEARING  AND FINAL DISPOSAL  OF THIS  PETITIN,   BE   PLEASED   to   direct   the   respondent   to  revoke the impugned order of suspension dtd. 30­05­ 2015 passed by him as per Annexure­M;

(d)   to   grant   any   other   appropriate   and   just  relief/s."

2. The facts giving rise to this application may  be summarized as under:­

3. The   petitioner   was   appointed   as   a   Station  Officer   in   the   Fire   Brigade   Department   of   the  Vadodara   Municipal   Corporation   on   4.01.1986.   He  was promoted as the Deputy Chief Fire Officer in  the year 2004 and further promoted as the Chief  Fire Officer on 1.05.2007. 

4. It   is   the   case   of   the   petitioner   that   a  disgruntled   union   leader   namely   one   Shri   Manoj  Panday,   made   an   application   to   the   Vigilance  Commission,   Gujarat   State   levelling   allegations  of   assets   disproportionate   to   the   known   sources  Page 2 of 22 C/SCA/9185/2015 CAV JUDGMENT of   the   income   of   the   petitioner.   A   First  Information   Report   in   that   regard   came   to   be  registered against the petitioner at the Vadodara  City   ACB   Police   Station   for   the   offence  punishable   under   Sections   13(1)(e)   read   with  13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988,  vide I C.R. No.1 of 2014. 

5. The petitioner apprehending arrest by the ACB  Prayed for anticipatory bail before the Sessions  Court.   However,   the   prayer   for   the   anticipatory  bail   was   declined   by   the   Special   Court.   The  petitioner   came   before   this   Court   by   way   of   a  Criminal   Misc.   Application   No.4469   of   2014   and  prayed for the anticipatory bail. This Court vide  order   dated   28th  April,   2014   allowed   the  application   and   ordered   the   release   of   the  petitioner on anticipatory bail. 

6. The   Corporation   in   the   meantime   passed   the  order   dated   5th  February,   2014   asking   the  petitioner   to proceed  on  leave  with effect   from  6th February, 2014.

7. The   Corporation   also   issued   a   show   cause  notice dated 5th February, 2014 to the petitioner  calling   upon   him   to   show   cause   why   the  disciplinary   action   should   not   be   taken   agaist  him under Section 56(2) of the Gujarat Provincial  Page 3 of 22 C/SCA/9185/2015 CAV JUDGMENT Municipal   Corporation   Act,   1949   for   the   alleged  breach   of   Rule   3(1)(III)   and   Rule   19   of   the  Gujarat   Service(conduct)   Rules   1971.   The  petitioner   submitted   a   detailed   reply   dated   10th  February, 2014 to the show cause notice. 

8. After the grant of the anticipatory bail by  this   Court,   the   petitioner   requested   the  corporation to allow him to resume his duty. The  Corporation reconsidered the matter and permitted  the   petitioner   to   resume   his   duties   vide   order  dated 9th July, 2014.

9. On 26th  May, 2015, the Investigating  Officer  summoned   the   petitioner   and   completed   the  procedure   of   his   arrest   and   release   on   bail,  according   to   the   order   of   this   Court   granting  anticipatory bail. 

10. The petitioner informed the corporation that  he   was   formally   arrested   by   the   Investigating  Officer of the ACB Police Station and pursuant to  order of the High Court was released on bail.

11. The Corporation thereafter passed an order of  suspension dated 30th May, 2015. 

12. The   petitioner   has   come   up   with   this   writ­ application   being   aggrieved   by   the   order   of  Page 4 of 22 C/SCA/9185/2015 CAV JUDGMENT suspension. 

13. Mr.   K.B.Pujara,   the   learned   advocate  appearing for the petitioner vehemently submitted  that the impugned order of suspension is totally  unjustified   and   uncalled   for   in   the   facts   and  circumstances of the case. 

14. Mr.   Pujara   submitted   that   according   to   the  Rule­5 of the Gujarat Civil Services (Discipline  & Appeal) Rules, 1971 the power of suspension can  be exercised (a) where a disciplinary proceeding  against   the   employee   is   contemplated   or   is  pending   or   (b)   where   a   case   against   him   in  respect   of   criminal   offence   involving   moral  turpitude   is   under   investigation,   inquiry   or  trial. 

15. Mr. Pujara sumbitted that the impugned order  of suspension has not been passed on the ground  of   the   criminal   offence   being   under  investigation,   inquiry   or   trial,   but   it   is  purported   to   have   been   passed   on   the   ground   of  pending disciplinary proceedings. As a matter of  fact,   no   disciplinary   proceedings   are   pending  against   the   petitioner   in   as   much   as   the  respondent   has   not   held   even   any   preliminary  inquiry   against   the   petitioner   nor   any   charge­ sheet   has   been   issued   to   the   petitioner. 

Page 5 of 22 C/SCA/9185/2015 CAV JUDGMENT

Therefore   no   disciplinary   inquiry   is   pending  against  the petitioner   as wrongly  stated   in the  impugned order. 

16. Mr. Pujara further submitted that for holding  a   regular   disciplinary   inquiry   as   provided   in  Rule­9 of the Gujarat Civil Services (Discipline  & Appeal) Rules, 1971, the Disciplinary Authority  has to form an opinion that there are grounds for  inquiry   into   the   truth   of   any   imputation   of  misconduct or misbehavior or of any culpable act  or omission against the employee. No such opinion  has   been   formed   by   the   respondent   so   far   and  therefore   there   is   no   question   of   holding   any  disciplinary inquiry against the petitioner. 

17. Mr.   Pujara   submitted   that   the   prosecution  against   his   client   is   accuated   with   the   sole  intention   to   settle   personal   scores.   Mr.   Pujara  submitted that his client is suffering because of  a disgruntled employee who is a union leader and  is   not   getting   alone   well   with   his   client.   Mr.  Pujara   submitted   that initially  for  a period  of  15 months after the registration of the FIR, the  Corporation did not deem fit to pass any order of  suspension but thereafter all of a sudden placed  the petitioner under suspension. 

18. Mr.  Pujara  therefore   prays  that  there  being  merit   in   this   writ­application   the   same   be  Page 6 of 22 C/SCA/9185/2015 CAV JUDGMENT allowed  and the  impugned   order  of suspension  be  quashed. 

19. On the other hand, this application has been  vehemently opposed by Mr. Maulik G. Nanavati, the  learned   advocate   appearing   for   the   Vadodara  Municipal   Corporation.   He   submitted   that   no  error, not to speak of any error of law could be  said   to   have   been   committed   by   his   client   in  passing   the   order   of   suspension.   Mr.   Nanavati  submitted that there is ample material on record  to   prima   facie   substantiate   the   allegations  against   the   petitioner   of   possessing   assets  disproportionate to his known sources of income.  Mr.   Nanavati   submitted   that   the   allegations  levelled   by   the   petitioner   regarding   mala   fide  exercise   of   power   in   order   to   punish   the  petitioner is baseless. 

20. Mr. Nanavati pointed out that the case of the  petitioner   was   considered   by   the   Standing  Committee   of   the   Corporation.   The   Standing  Committee   took   the   decision   of   placing   the  petitioner under suspension having regard to the  criminal   prosecution   instituted   against   the  petitioner   for   the   alleged   offence   referred   to  above. The order of suspension was passed by the  Municipal Commissioner as the Standing Committee  accorded sanctioned for the same. 

Page 7 of 22 C/SCA/9185/2015 CAV JUDGMENT

21. Mr. Nanavati therefore prays that there being  no   merit   in   this   application,   the   same   be  rejected.

22. In the course of the hearing of this matter I  requested   Mr.   Nanavati   to   make   available   the  original files of the Corporation as I wanted to  look   into   the   decision   making   process.   Mr.  Nanavati   made   available   the   original   file   which  was   perused   by   me.   The   perusal   of   the   file  revealed  that  the entire   matter  was looked   into  very   closely   and   in   details.   I   also   found   that  the   Investigating   Officer   has   prayed   for   the  necessary   sanction   from   the   Corporation   to  prosecute the petitioner under Section 19 of the  Prevention   of   Corruption   Act.   I   perused   the  entire   report   of   the   Investigating   Officer  praying for sanction under Section 19 of the Act,  1988   and   such   report   is   quite   exhaustive.   It  appears   that   the   Investigation   is   almost  completed and the Investigating Officer wants to  now   go   ahead   with   filing   of   the   charge­sheet.  However, such charge­sheet cannot be filed in the  absence of a valid sanction under Section 19 of  the Act, 1988. 

23. I do not want to discuss anything on merit as  regards   the   allegations   of   assets  Page 8 of 22 C/SCA/9185/2015 CAV JUDGMENT disproportionate   as   the   charge­sheet   would   make  the picture clear. 

24. Having   heard   the   learned   counsel   appearing  for   the   parties   and   having   gone   through   the  materials on record, the only question that falls  for   my   consideration   is   whether   the   respondent  was justified in passing the order of suspension.

25. In   service   jurisprudence   suspension   is   a  device to keep a Government servant out of touch  from   his   service   duties   due   to   several   reasons  including   maintaining   faith   of   the   public   at  large   in   service,   to   remove   any   eventuality   of  causing   any   injury   to   the   adverse   material  available   again   the   delinquent   Government  servant/employee that may be used in establishing  his   delinquency.   The   device   is   of   an   interim  nature   and that  does  not break  the  relationship  of master and servant, but precludes the employee  from discharging his official duties. Suspension  is   neither   stigmatic,   nor   a   punishment,   but  certainly   it   is   an   extraordinary   eventuality,  thus, should be exercised very cautiously and by  proper application of mind. 

26. In the instant case the petitioner, who is a  Chief   Fire   Officer   is   alleged   to   have   amassed  huge wealth in the form of movable and immovable  Page 9 of 22 C/SCA/9185/2015 CAV JUDGMENT properties. Corruption in any form is not only a  serious misconduct, but a crime too. In the event  of   serious   and   well   founded   allegations   of  corruption, the suspension from service is highly  desirable unless the person suspended is able to  make   out   more   than   a   prima   facie   case   of   mala  fides   or   bias   on   the   part   of   the   suspending  authority. 

27. Suspension   in   service   jurisprudence   is   of  different   kinds,   viz   as   punishment   if   provided  under   the   service   rules,   inherent   power   of   the  employer to suspend and thirdly, rules providing  for   suspension   during   pending   enquiry   or  contemplation of inquiry.

28. In   V.P.   Gidroniya   v.   The   State   of   Madhya  Pradesh   and   Anr.,   1970   1   SCC   362,   the   hon'ble  Apex Court held at para Nos.6, 7 and 8 as below:­ "6.   Three   kinds   of   suspension   are   know   to   law.   A  public   servant   may   be   suspended   as   a   mode   of  punishment   or   he   may   be   suspended   during   the  pendency   of   an   enquiry   against   him   if   the   order  appointing him or statutory provisions governing his  service provide for such suspension. Lastly, he may  merely   be   forbidden   from   discharging   his   duties  during the pendency of an enquiry against him which  act is also called suspension The right to suspend  as a measure of punishment as well as the right to  suspend the contract of service during the pendency  of an enquiry are both regulated by the contract of  employment   or   the   provisions   regulating   the  conditions   of   service.   But   the   last   category   of  suspension referred to earlier is the right of the  master   to   forbid   his   servant   from   doing   the   work   Page 10 of 22 C/SCA/9185/2015 CAV JUDGMENT which he had to do under the terms of the contract  of   service   or   the   provisions   governing   his  conditions   of   service   at   the   same   time   keeping   in  force   the   master's   obligations   under   the   contract.  In   other   words   the   master   may   ask   his   servant   to  refrain   from   rending   his   services   but   he   must  fulfill his part of the contract. 

7. The legal position as regards a master's right to  place   his   servants   under   suspension   is   now   well  settled   by   the   Decisions   of   this   Court.   In   the  Management of Hotel Imperial, New Delhi and Ors. V.   Hotel   Workers   Union,   1960   1   SCR   476,   the   question  whether   a   master   could   suspend   his   servant   during  the pendency of an euquiry came up for consideration  by this Court. Therein, this Court observed that it  was   well   settled   that   under   the   ordinary   law   of  master and servant the power to suspend the servant  without   pay   could   not   be   implied   as   a   term   in   an   ordinary contract of service between the master and  the   servant   but   must   arise   either   from   an   express  term in the contract itself or a statutory provision  governing   such   contract.   It   was   furthr   observed  therein   that   ordinarily   in   the   absence   of   such   a   power   either   in   express   terms   in   the   contract   or   under the rules framed under some such statute would  mean that the master would have no power to suspend  a workman and even if he does so in the sense that  he forbids the employee to work he will have to pay   the wages during the so­called period of suspension.  Where, however, there is power to suspend either in  the contract of employment or in the statute or the  rules   framed   thereunder,   the   suspension   has   the  effect of temporarily suspending the relationship of  master and the servant with the consequence that the  servant   is   not   bound   to   render   service   and   the  master is not bound to pay. 

8. The same view was reiterated by this Court in T.   Cajee v. U. Formanik Stem and Anr., 1961 1 SCR 750.   The   rule   laid   down   in   the   above   decisions   was  followed   by   this   Court   in   R.P.   Kapur   V.   Union   of  India, 1964 5 SCR 431. The law on the subject was   exhaustively reviewed in Balvantray Ratilal Patel v.  State   of   Maharashtra,   1968   2   SCR   577.   Therein   the  legal   position   was   stated,   thus:   The   general  principle   is   that   an   employer   can   suspend   an  employee   of   his   pending   an   enquiry   into   his  misconduct and the only question that can arise in  such a suspension will relate to the payment of his  wages   during   the   period   of   such   suspension.   It   is  now well settled that the power to suspend, in the  sense of a right to forbid an employee to work, is  not an implied terms in an ordinary contract between  Page 11 of 22 C/SCA/9185/2015 CAV JUDGMENT master and servant, and that such a power can only  be   the   creature   either   of   a   statute   governing   the  contract,   or   of   an   express   term   in   the   contract  itself. Ordinarily, therefore, the absence of such a  power either as an express term in the contract or  in   the   rules   framed   under   some   statute   would   mean  that an employer would have no power to suspend an  employee of his and even if he does so in the sense   that he forbids the employee to work, he will have  to   pay   the   employee's   wages   during   the   period   of  suspension. Where, however there is power to suspend  either   in   the   contract   of   employment   or   in   the  statute or the rules framed thereunder, the order of   suspension has the effect of temporarily suspending  the   relationship   of   master   and   servant   with   the  consequence that the servant is not bound to render  service and the master is not bound to pay. It is   equally   well   settled   that   an   order   of   interim  suspension can be passed against the employee while  an enquiry is pending into his conduct even though  there is no such term in the contract of employment  or   in   the   rules,   but   in   such   a   case   the   employee   would be entitled to his remuneration for the period  of suspension if there is no statute or rule under  which, it would be withheld. The distinction between  suspending   the   contract   of   a   service   of   a   servant  and suspending him from performing the duties of his  office on the basis that the contract is subsisting  is important. The suspension in the latter case is  always an implied term in every contract of service.  When   an   employee   is   suspended   in   this   sense,   it  means that the employer merely issues a direction to   him that he would not do the service required of him   during   a   particular   period.   In   other   words,   the  employer   is   regarded   as   issuing   an   order   to   the  employee   which   because   the   contract   is   subsisting,  the employee must obey."

29. In L.K. Verma V. HMT Ltd. and another, 2006 2  SCC 269, the Supreme Court held as follows:­ "17.   Suspension   is   of   three   kinds.   An   order   of  suspension   may   be   passed   by   way   of   punishment   in  terms of the conduct rules. An order of suspension  can  also  be  passed  by the  employer  in  exercise  of  its inherent power in the sense that it may not take  any   work   from   the   delinquent   officer   but   in   that  event, the entire salary is required to be paid. On   order  of  suspension  can  also  be  passed,  if  such  a  provision   exists   in   the   rule   laying   down   that   in  place   of   the   full   salary,   the   delinquent   officer  Page 12 of 22 C/SCA/9185/2015 CAV JUDGMENT shall   be   paid   only   the   subsistence   allowance  specified therein."

[Refer:   Management   of   Hotel   Imperial   V.   Hotel  Workers   Union,   1960   1   SCR   476,   T.Caje   Versus   U.  Uormanik   Siem   and   another,   1961   AIR   (SC)   276   AND  R.P. Kapoor Versus Union of India and another, 1964  AIR (SC) 787,] 

30. Suspension   as   punishment   can   be   imposed  after   holding   departmental   enquiry.   The   Supreme  Court in Balvantray Ratilal Patel Versus State of  Maharashtra,   1968   AIR   (SC)   800,   observed   as  follows"= "......On general principles therefore the government  like any other employer, would have a right to suspend  a public servant in one of two ways. It may suspend   any   public   servant   pending   departmental   enquiry   or  pending   criminal   proceedings;   this   may   be   called  interim suspension. The Government may also proceed to  hold a departmental enquiry and after his being found  guilty order suspension as a punishment if the rules  so permit. This will be suspension as a penalty."

31. The Apex Court in the case of R.P. Kapur v.  Union   of   India   and   another,   1964   AIR   (SC)   787,  has held that the employer would have a right to  suspend a public servant in one or two ways. It  may   suspend   any   public   servant   pending  departmental   enquiry   or   pending   criminal  proceedings or the Government may also proceed to  hold   departmental   enquiry   and   after   his   being  found guilty, order of suspension as a punishment  can   be   passed   if   the   rules   so   permit.   In   other  words,   the   authority   which   appoints   a   public  servant would be entitled to suspend him pending  Page 13 of 22 C/SCA/9185/2015 CAV JUDGMENT a   departmental   enquiry   into   his   conduct   or  pending   a   criminal   proceeding,   which   may  eventually   result   in   a   departmental   enquiry  against   him.   Article   311   and   314   pf   the  Constitution   of   India   have   been   enumerated   to  hold   that   the   employer   would   have   a   right   to  suspend   an   employee   in   any   of   the   two   ways  mentioned hereinabove. 

32. The   Apex   Court   in   the   case   of   Nasirkhan  Nivaskhan Pathan v. District Development Officer,  Bharuch   and   others,   2002   AIR   (Guj)   143,   has  examined   dictionary   meaning   of   'suspension'   and  has   held   that   the   suspension   is   temporary  deprivation  of office  and  its privileges   and by  reasons of suspension, the person suspended does  not lose his office nor his status or position.  It   has   referred   to   Oxford   Dictionary,   which  defines   the   word   "suspension"   as   "action   of  privilege; temporary deprivation of one's office  or  position,   or again,  state  of being  temporary  kept from doing or deprived of something. 

33. In the case of Bank of India v. Rattan Singh,  2000   10   SCC   396,   the   respondent   Bank   suspended  the   clerkcumcashier   in   view   of   an   act   of   gross  misconduct on his part. The departmental inquiry  as  well as  criminal  prosecution  both  were under  contemplation.   However,   in   view   of   the   criminal  Page 14 of 22 C/SCA/9185/2015 CAV JUDGMENT prosecution,   the   departmental   inquiry   was   not  initiated.   The   Apex   Court   held   that   when   a  criminal   prosecution   on   serious   charges   was  pending, the bank was entitled to suspend him. 

34. In the case of U.P. Rajya Krishi Utpadan Mandli  Parishad v. Sanjiv Ranjan, reported in 1993 Supp. (3)  SCC 483, the respondent was employed at the relevant  point of time as a cashier of the Agricultural Produce  Market   Committee   and   the   allegations   against   the  respondent was to the effect that during his tenure as  a cashier, lakhs of rupees credited in the account of  the Market Committee were not credited in its account.  This misfeasance led the suspension of the respondent  from service. His challenge to the suspension on the  ground that some other officers were allowed to join  service, the Court quashed such order of suspension.  When challenged before the Apex Court by the employer,  the Apex Court held that Ordinarily, when there is an  accusationofdefalcation of the monies, the delinquent  employees have to be kept away from the establishment  till the charges are finally disposed of. Whether the  charges are baseless, malicious or vindictive and are  framed   only  to  keep   the  individual   concerned  out   of  the employment is a different matter. But even in such  a   case,   no   conclusion   can   be   arrived   at   without  examining the entire record in question­and hence it  is   always   advisable   to   allow   the   disciplinary  proceedings to continue unhindered. 

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The   Apex   Court   also   held   that   the   Court   should   not  Ordinarily   interfere   with   the   orders   of   suspension  unless   they   are   passed   mala   fide   and   without   there  being even a prima facie evidence on record connecting  the   employees   with   the   misconduct   in   question.   The  Court   also   further   held   that   prolongation   of  suspension   due   to   delay   in   filing   the   charge   sheet  also would not justify revocation of suspension order.  At the most the Court can direct the authorities to  complete the inquiry within the stipulated period and  can   further   direct   the   enhancement   in   subsistence  adequately. 

35. The Apex Court in the case of  Allahabad Bank v.  Deepak Kumar Bhola, reported in 1997 (4) SCC 1,  was  dealing with the case where the respondent was a bank  employee.   The   Central   Bureau   of   Investigation  conducted an investigation and registered a case and  the   charge   sheet   reflected   that   the   respondent  participated   in   false   issuance   of   cheque   books   and  withdrawn   money   by   depositing   cheques   issued   from  those cheque books. When the High Cour had set aside  the order of suspension, the Banks appeal was allowed  by the Apex Court by holding that  What is an offence  involving "moral turpitude" must depend upon the facts  of each case. But whatever may be the meaning which  may be given to the term "moral turpitude" it appears  to us that one of the most serious offences involving  "moral turpitude" would be where a person employed in  a   banking   company  dealing   with   money   of   the   general  Page 16 of 22 C/SCA/9185/2015 CAV JUDGMENT public commits forgery and wrongfully withdraws money  which he is not entitled to withdraw.

 

The   Court   held   that   the   very   fact   that   the  investigation was conducted by the CBI, which resulted  in   the   filing   of   a   charge   sheet,   alleging   various  offences   would   be   sufficient   for   the   employer   to  conclude that pending prosecution the employee should  be   suspended.   Such   suspension   pending   the   criminal  trial in the case before the Apex Court continued for  a   long   period   of   10   years.   The   Court   yet   held   that  mere expiry of long period of 10 years would not be  a proper ground for his reinstatement.

36. Chapter   II   of   the   Gujarat   Civil   Services  (Design   and   Appeal)   Rule   1971   provides   for  suspension.

"5. Suspension:­ (1)   The   appointing   authority   or   any   authority   to  which it is subordinate or the disciplinary authority  or   any   other   authority   empowered   by   Government   in  that   behalf   may   place   a   Government   servant   under  suspension:­
(a)   Where   a   disciplinary   proceeding   against   him   is  contemplated or is pending, or 
(b)   Where   a   case   against   him   in   respect   of   any  criminal   offence  involving  moral   turpitude   is   under  investigation, inquiry or trial :
Provided that where the order of suspension is made  by an authority subordinate or lower in rank than the  appointing authority, such authority shall forthwith  report to the appointing authority the circumstances  in which the order was made. 
(2) A Government servant shall be deemed to have been  placed   under   suspension   by   an   order   of   appointing  authority ­  Page 17 of 22 C/SCA/9185/2015 CAV JUDGMENT
(a) with effect from the date of his detention, if he  is detained in custody, whether on a criminal charge  or   otherwise,   for   a   period   exceeding   forty­eight  hours. 
(b) with effect from the date of his conviction if,  in   the   event   of   conviction   for   an   offence,   he   is  sentenced to a term of imprisonment exceeding forty­ eight hours and is not forthwith dismissed or removed  or   compulsorily   retired   consquent   upon   such  conviction. 

Explanation:­   The   period   of   forty­eight   hours  referred to in clause (b) of this sub­rule shall be  computed   for   the   commencement   of   the   imprisonment  after   the   conviction   and   for   this   purpose,  intermittent  periods  of   imprisonment,  if   any,   shall  be taken into account. 

Sub Rule (2)(A) inserted by GAD Note­dated 4­07­2007  Re­periodical Renew of suspension from time to time. 

(3)   Where   a   penalty   of   dismissal,   removal   or  compulsory   retirement   from   service   imposed   upon   a  Government Servant under suspension is set aside in  appeal or on review under these rules and the case is  remitted   for   further   enquiry   or   action   or   with   any   other directions, the order of his suspension shall  be deemed to have continued in force with effect on  and from the date of the original order of dismissal,  removal or compulsory retirement and shall remain in  force until further orders. 

229.   The   Gujarat   Civil   Services   (Discipline   and  Appeal)   (First   Amendment)   Rules,   2007­Rule5(2A)   to  the principal Rules, 1971­Inserted. In exercise of the powers conferred by the proviso to  Art. 309 of the Constitution of India the Governor of  Gujarat hereby makes the following rules further to  amend   the   Gujarat   Civil   Services   (Discipline   and  Appeal) Rules, 1971, namely:­

1.(1)   These   rules   may   be   called   the   Gujarat   Civil  Services   (Discipline   and   Appeal)   (First   Amendment)  Rules, 2007. 

(2)   They   shall   come   into   force   on   the   expiry   of   ninety days from the date of their publication in the  Official Gazette.

2.   in   the   Gujarat   Civil   Services   (Discipline   and  Appeal) Rules, 1971, in Rule5, after sub­rule(2), the  following sub­rule shall be inserted, namely:­ "(2­A) An order of suspension made or deemed to have  been  made  under  this  rule  shall  be  reviewed  by  the  authority   competent   to   modify   or   revoke   the  suspension,   before   expiry   of   ninety   days   from   the  Page 18 of 22 C/SCA/9185/2015 CAV JUDGMENT date of order of suspension. After such review, the  competent   authority   may   pass   an   order   either  extending or revoking the suspension. The subsequent  reviews shall be made before expiry of the extended  period   of   suspension.   The   extension   of   suspension  shall not be for a period exceeding one hundred and  eighty days, at a time. 

Notwithstanding any thing contained in this rule, an  order of suspension made or deemed to have been made   under sub­rule(1) or (2) of this rule, shall not be  valid   after   a   period   of   ninety   days   unless   it   is  extended   after   review,   for   a   further   period   before  the expiry of ninety days."

[Noti. No.  GS/2007/19/CVO­122005­1077­Inq.  Cell. dt.  4.07.2007--Guj.Govt.Gaz.,   Pt.   IV­A,   dt.   12.07.2007,  p.191.] = 2007 GSCS/II/P.441/H.229."  

37. What   is   discernible   from   the   various  decisions referred to above is that the employer  has   a   right   to   suspend   the   employee   and   any  appointing authority would be entitled to suspend  the   employee   pending   the   departmental   inquiry  into   his   conduct   or   pending   the   criminal  proceeding. 

38. Having   regard   to   the   nature   of   the  allegations   and   the   criminal   proceedings  instituted   against   the   petitioner,   it   could   not  be   said   that   the   exercise   of   the   powers   of  suspension   was   unjustified   or   arbitrary.   The  paramount   consideration   in   this   type   of   cases  should   be the public   interest.   Where  the person  is   suspended   from   the   office,   there   is   a  direction  by  the employer  that  unless  and until  the departmental proceedings/criminal proceedings  are not concluded against him so long as he holds  Page 19 of 22 C/SCA/9185/2015 CAV JUDGMENT the office, he shall not perform any function in  discharge of his duties. 

39. Mr.   Pujara,   the   learned   counsel   laid   much  stress on the fact that in the impugned order of  suspension,   it   has   been   stated   that   the  petitioner   is   placed   under   suspension   pending  disciplinary proceedings. According to Mr. Pujara  it reflects total non application of mind on the  part of the Municipal Commissioner because on the  day   and   date   of   the   passing   of   the   suspension  order   there   was   no   departmental   proceedings  pending against the petitioner. Well, it appears  that   instead   of     making   a   reference   of   the  criminal   prosecution   instituted   against   the  petitioner   there   is   a   reference   of   disciplinary  proceedings.   Mr.   Pujara   in   his   own   way   may   be  right in submitting so but the submission is too  technical to be excepted.

40. The   Rules   provide   that   an   employee   can   be  placed under suspension pending both departmental  proceedings   or   criminal   proceedings.   In   such  circumstances,   I   am   not   impressed   by   such  submission canvassed on behalf of the petitioner. 

41. Mr. Pujara also tried his best to persuade me  to   look   into   the   matter   from   the   view   point   of  mala  fides  as alleged  against  the  union  leader. 

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Again here I may say that the union leader may be  having   some axe  to grind  against   the petitioner  but   the   information   provided   by   him   or   the  material   collect   during   the   course   of   the  investigation   as   regards   the   assets  disproportionate   to   the   known   sources   of   income  should   also   not   be   ignored   as   mala   fides   by  itself will no render such material at this stage  unreliable or baseless. 

42. I   may   at   the   cost   of   repetition   state   that  the   reading   of   the   application   filed   by   the  prosecuting agency seeking sanction to prosecute  the petitioner under Section 19 of the Act speaks  for itself. 

43. I do not say for a minute that the same is  sufficient   to   accord   the   necessary   sanction.   It  is   ultimately   for   the   corporation   to   take   an  appropriate decision in that regard in accordance  with law and I express no opinion in that regard. 

44. In   the   over   all   view   of   the   matter   I   am  convinced   that   no   case   is   made   out   for  interfering   with   the   impugned   order   of  suspension. 

45. In the result, this application fails and is  Page 21 of 22 C/SCA/9185/2015 CAV JUDGMENT hereby rejected. Notice is discharged. 

46. I   may   only   say   that   the   petitioner   is  receiving   subsistence   allowance   without  discharging   duties.   It   is   also   not   in   dispute  that   the   criminal   case   lodged   against   him   will  take a long time before its disposal. Keeping a  government   servant   under   suspension   as   such   for  an  indefinite  period  would  ruin  his efficacy  as  well   as   that   shall   be   an   unnecessary   burden   on  the state Exchequer. In such circumstances, when  the investigation is completed with the filing of  the   charge­sheet   and   if   it   is   found   that   there  are   no   chances   of   tampering   with   the   evidence  available, the authority concerned may review the  same in accordance with law. 

47. The Rule 1971 itself provides for periodical  review of the order of suspension within 90 days.  The  eventuality  of  causing  injury  to  the public  faith in service may be checked by adopting the  precautionary measures. 

(J.B.PARDIWALA, J.) Manoj Page 22 of 22