Supreme Court of India
Smt. Periyakkal & Others vs Smt. Dakshyani on 2 March, 1983
Equivalent citations: 1983 AIR 428, 1983 SCR (2) 467, AIR 1983 SUPREME COURT 428, 1983 (2) SCC 127, (1983) 1 CIVLJ 499, (1983) 9 ALL LR 173, (1983) 2 APLJ 15, (1983) ALL WC 297, (1983) SCWR 7, 1983 BBCJ 69, 1983 UJ(SC) 309, (1983) 96 MAD LW 110, 1983 BLJR 231, 1983 LAWYER 15 55
Author: O. Chinnappa Reddy
Bench: O. Chinnappa Reddy, R.S. Pathak
PETITIONER:
SMT. PERIYAKKAL & OTHERS
Vs.
RESPONDENT:
SMT. DAKSHYANI
DATE OF JUDGMENT02/03/1983
BENCH:
REDDY, O. CHINNAPPA (J)
BENCH:
REDDY, O. CHINNAPPA (J)
PATHAK, R.S.
CITATION:
1983 AIR 428 1983 SCR (2) 467
1983 SCC (2) 127 1983 SCALE (1)213
CITATOR INFO :
D 1988 SC 981 (6,8)
ACT:
Code of Civil Procedure - order XXI, Rule 90-Scope of-
Parties entcred into a compromise with leave of Court that
appellants should pay in Court before the stipulated date a
sum of money in full and final setllement of the decree-
Appellants failed to deposit the money in terms of
compromise-Made an application for extension of time-High
Court, if competent to extend time.
HEADNOTE:
The respondent's suit for the recovery of money from
the first appellant's husband was decreed and in the
execution of the decree certain property of the appellant
was brought to sale. The decree-holder purchased that
property. The appellant's husband having died in the
meanwhile his legal representatives filed an application
under order XXI, Rule 90 of the C.P.C. for setting aside the
sale. That application was dismissed by the executing court.
On the appellant's appeal, the sale was set aside. At the
stage of second appeal filed by the respondent the parties
entered into a compromise with the leave of the court which
after granting leave made an order in terms of the
compromise. Under a term of the compromise, the appellants
agreed to deposit, and the respondent agreed to receive a
sum of Rs. 60,000/- in full and final settlement of the
decree. It was also stated that if the deposit was not made
on or before the stipulated date, the sale was to stand
confirmed and the second appeal of the respondent was to
stand. Having found it difficult to deposit the money in
terms of the compromise, the appellants filed an application
under Ss. 148 and 151 of the C.P.C. praying that the time
for depositing the money in terms of the compromise be
extended. The High Court dismissed this application on the
ground that the Court could not extend time where time had
been stipulated by the parties in the compromise arrived at
between them.
In appeal to this Court it was contended on behalf of
the appellants that where a compromise had been made the
order of the Court, it was open to the Court to extend the
time under s. 148 C.P.C.
Allowing the appeal and remanding the case to the High
Court to dispose of the execution second appeal afresh in
accordance with the law.
^
HELD: As there was no statutory compulsion to dismiss
the application under order XXI, Rule 90, C.P.C, in the
absence of an agreement between the parties, the Court would
have decided the appeal arising out of tho application
468
on the merits. The parties in the instant case however
entered into a compromise and invited the court to make an
order in terms of the compromise, which the Court did. The
time for deposit stipulated by the parties became the time
allowed by the Court and this gave the Court the
jurisdiction to extend time in appropriate cases. Time would
not be extended ordinarily, nor for the mere asking but
would be granted in rare cases to prevent manifest
injustice. Where the contract of the parties has merged in
the order of the Court the Court's freedom to act to further
the ends of justice would not stand curtailed. The High
Court was in error in thinking that they had no power to
extend time.
[472 B-F]
Hukumchand v. Bansilal and ors., A.I.R. 1968 SC 86,
held inapplicable.
JUDGMENT:
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 3527 of 1979.
Appeal by Special leave from the Judgment and order dated the 15th JaNuary, 1979 of the Karnataka High Court in Executive Second Appeal No. 89 of 1974.
Dr. Y.S. Chifale, R. B. Datar and Miss Madhu Mool Chandani for the Appellants.
S. C. Javali, Ranjit KtJmar and B. P. Singh for the Respondent.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by CHINNAPPA REDDY, J. The respondent Dakshyani sued to recover a sum of RS. 7,324.86 paise from Narayana Swami, husband of the first appellant and father of the rest of the appellants. The suit was decreed with costs and, in execution of the decree, certain property situated in Bangalore City was brought to sale. The decree-holder purchased the property at the execution sale held on August 19, 1969, for a sum of Rs. 28,000. Narayana Swami having died in the meanwhile, his legal representatives, the present appellants, filed an application under the provisions of order 21 Rule 90 for setting aside the sale on various grounds. The Executing Court dismissed the application on March 28, 1973 but on an appeal preferred by the appellants the sale was set aside on July 31, 1974. The respondent filed a second appeal to the High Court of Karnataka. At the hearing of the second appeal the parties entered into a compromise with the leave of the Court, such leave being necessary since mally of the present appellants were minors then 469 and are minors even now. The Court granted leave and made an order in terms of the compromise. The term of the compromise which we are concerned is that the present appellants agreed to deposit and the present respondent agreed to receive a sum of Rs. 60,000/-in full and final settlement of the decree. If the deposit was made on or before November 30, 1976, the sale which though confirmed by the Trial Court but set aside by the Appellate Court was to stand set aside and the second appeal of the respondent was to stand dismissed. If the amount of Rs. 60,000/- was not deposited on or before November 30, 1976 the second appeal was to stand allowed and the sale was to stand confirmed. Time was stated to be the essence of the contract between the parties. The applellants were permitted under the compromise, to raise funds by sale, mortgage etc. Of the property in question. The appellants failed to deposit the amount in terms of the compromise. It appeaIs that they were unable to raise the necessary funds as they could not evict the tenant who was in occupation of the property. Finally the appellants filed an application purporting to be under ss. 148 and 151 of the Civil Procedure Code to extend the time for depositing the sum of Rs. 60,000 in terms of the compromise dated June 24, 1976. The High Court dismissed the application on the ground that the Court could not extend time where time had been stipulated by the parties themselves in the compromise arrived at between them. The High Court purported to rely upon the decision of this Court in Hukumchand v. Bansilal and Ors.(l) Shri R. B. Datar Learned Counsel for the appellants urged that there was no limitation on the power of the Court to extend time under s. 148, c. P. c. and that where a compromise had been made an order of the Court, it was certainly open to the Court to extend time under s. 148 c. P. c. He relied upon the decision of the High Courts of Bombay and Calcutta in Marketing and Advertising Associates Pvt. Ltd. v. Telerad Pvt. Ltd.(2) Jadabendra Nath Mishra v. Manorama Debya(3). He distinguished the decision of this Court in Hukum Chand v. Bansilal. Shri Javali Learned Counsel for the respondent, on the other hand urged that time should not be extended by the Court, 470 in law and on principle, where the parties themselves had agreed upon the time within which the amount was to be deposited.
In Hukamchand v. Bansilal the real question which was considered was, if a mortgaged property was sold in execution of a mortgage decree and if the application to set aside the sale under order 21 Rule 90 was dismissed but time was granted by consent of parties for depositing the decretal amount etc. could time be extended for depositing the decretal amount etc. to avert the confirmation of sale under order 34 Rule S, except with the consent of the parties. The answer was 'no'. .The Court said on the dismissal of an application under order 21 Rule 90, confir- mation of sale under order 21 Rule 92 had to follow as a matter of course. Order 34 Rule S merely permitted the deposit to be made at any time before confirmation of the sale and there could be no question of extending the time for such deposit. If parties agreed to have the con- firmation of sale postponed, further postponement would be possible by agreement of parties only. The Court would have no say in the matter. Sec. 148 C. P. C. would have no application. The position was clarified by the Court thus :
"The judgment-debtor mortgagor had the right to de- posit the amount at any time before confirmation of sale within 30 days after the sale or even more than 30 days after the sale under order XXXIV, Rule (S) (l) so long as the sale was not confirmed. If the amount had been deposited before the confirmation of sale, the judgment- debtors had the right to ask for an order in terms of order XXXlV, Rule 5 (1) in their favour. In this case an application under order XXI Rule 90 had been made and, therefore, the sale could not be confirmed immediately after 30 days which would be the normal course; the confirmation had to await the disposal of the application under order XXl, Rule 90. That application was disposed of on October 7, 1958 and was dismissed. It is obvious from the order sheet of October 7, 1958 that an oral compromise was arrived at between the parties in court on that day. By that compromise time was granted to the respondents to deposit the entire amount due to the decree-holder and the auction-purchaser by November 471 21, 1958. Obviously, the basis of the compromise was A that respondents withdrew their application, under order XXI, Rule 90 while the decree-holder society and the auction-purchaser appellant agreed that time might be given to deposit the amount upto November, 21,1958. If this agreement had not been arrived at and if the application under order XXI, Rule 90 had been dismis- sed (for example, on merits) on October 7, 1958, the court was bound under order XXI, Rule 92 (1) to confirm the sale at once. But because of the compromise between the parties by which the respondents were given time upto November 21, 1958 the court rightly postponed the question of confirmation of sale till that date by consent of parties. But the fact remains that the application under order XXI, Rule 90 had been dismissed on October 7, 1958 and thereafter, the court was bound to confirm the sale but for the compromise between the parties giving time upto November 21, 1958".
The Court then referred to the refusal of the Court to extend time by a fortnight on November 22, 1958 and further observed :-
"The executing court refused that holding that time upto Nov. 21, 1958 had been granted by consent and it was no longer open to it to extend that time. The executing court has not referred to order XXI, Rule 92 in its order, but it is obvious that the executing court held that it could not grant time in the absence of an agreement between the parties because order XX[, Rule 92 required that as the application under order XXI, Rule 90 had been dismissed the sale must be confirmed. We are of the view that in the circumstances it was not open to the executing court to extend time without consent of parties, for time between October 7, 1958 to November 21, 1958 was granted by consent of parties. Section 148 of the Code of Civil Procedure would not apply in these circumstances, and the executing court was right in holding that it could not extend time. Thereafter, it rightly confirmed the sale as required under order XXI, Rule 92 there being no question of the appli-472
cation of order XXXIV, Rule S for the money had not been deposited on November 22, 1958 before the order J of confirmation was passed. Tn this view of the matter, we are of opinion that the order of the executing court refusing grant of time and confirming the sale was correct".
In the case before us, the situation Is totally different. Unlike the case of Hukam Chand v. Bansilal where there was a statuory compulsion to confirm the sale on the dismissal OF the application under order XXI Rule 90 and, therefore, postponement and further postponement of the confirmation of the sale could only be by the consent of the parties in the case before us, there was no statutory compulsion to dismiss the application under order XXI, Rule 90 in the absence of an agreement between the parties. The court would have then decided the appeal arising out of the application on the merits. The parties, however, entered into a compromise and invited the court to make an order in terms of the compromise, which the court did. The time for deposit stipulated by the parties became the time allowed by the court and this gave the court the jurisdiction to extend time in appropriate cases. Of course, time would not be extended ordinarily, nor for the mere asking. It would be granted in rare cases to prevent manifest injustice. True the court would not rewrite a contract between the parties but the court would relieve against a forfeiture clause; And, where the contract of the parties has merged in the order of the court, the court's freedom to act to further the ends of justice would surely not stand curtailed. Nothing said in Hukamchand's case militates against this view. We are, therefore, of the view that the High Court was in error in; thinking that they had no power to extend time. Even so, Shri Jawali submitted that this was not an appopriate case for granting any extension of time. We desire to express no opinion on that question. The High Court will decide that question. We accordingly, set aside that judgment dated 15th January, 1979, of the High Court and direct the High Court to dispose of I. A. No. VIII in Execution Second Appeal No. 89/74 in accordance with law. The parties will bear their own costs.
P.B.R. Appeal allowed.
473