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[Cites 23, Cited by 3]

Gujarat High Court

Savino Micron (India) Pvt Ltd vs Union Of India & 2 on 22 March, 2017

Bench: Harsha Devani, A.S. Supehia

               C/SCA/6189/2016                                         JUDGMENT



                        IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD

                        SPECIAL CIVIL APPLICATION NO.6189 of 2016
          
              FOR APPROVAL AND SIGNATURE: 
              HONOURABLE MS.JUSTICE HARSHA DEVANI Sd/­
                     
              and
              HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE A.S. SUPEHIA                                Sd/­
         ===================================================
         1  Whether Reporters of Local Papers may 
            be allowed to see the judgment ?           NO

         2  To   be   referred   to   the   Reporter   or 
            not ?                                                                 NO

         3  Whether   their   Lordships   wish   to   see 
            the fair copy of the judgment ?                                       NO

         4  Whether   this   case   involves   a 
            substantial question of law as to the 
            interpretation   of   the   Constitution  of                          NO
            India or any order made thereunder ?

         ===================================================
            SAVINO MICRON (INDIA) PVT LTD....Petitioner(s)
                                 Versus
                 UNION OF INDIA  &  2....Respondent(s)
         ===================================================
         Appearance:
         MR SN THAKKAR, ADVOCATE for the Petitioner(s) No. 1
         MR DHAVAL D VYAS, ADVOCATE for Respondents No.2­3
         NOTICE SERVED for the Respondent(s) No. 1
         ===================================================
         CORAM: HONOURABLE MS.JUSTICE HARSHA DEVANI
                                and
                 HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE A.S. SUPEHIA
                            Date : 22/03/2017
                              ORAL JUDGMENT

(PER : HONOURABLE MS.JUSTICE HARSHA DEVANI) (1) RULE.   Mr.   Dhaval   Vyas,   learned   Senior  Standing Counsel waives service of rule on behalf  Page 1 of 25 HC-NIC Page 1 of 25 Created On Mon Aug 14 23:24:55 IST 2017 C/SCA/6189/2016 JUDGMENT of respondents No.2 and 3. Having regard to the  controversy   involved   in   the   present   petition,  which lies in a very narrow compass and with the  consent   of   the   learned   advocates   appearing   on  behalf of the respective parties, the matter was  taken up for final hearing.

(2) By   this   petition   under   Article   226  of   the  Constitution of India, the petitioner  has called  in   question   the   Order­In­Original   dated  19.02.2016 (Annexure­Q to the petition) passed by  the   second   respondent   Commissioner   of   Central  Excise, Ahmedabad­III (hereinafter referred to as  the "adjudicating authority") on the ground that  the   same   is   in   breach   of   principles   of   natural  justice.

(3) Shorn of all the unnecessary facts, the case  of   the   petitioner   is   that   in   the   proceedings  before   the   adjudicating   authority,   a   report   of  the   Central   Revenues   Control   Laboratory   (CRCL)  was   called   for.   In   the   meanwhile,   the  adjudication   proceedings   had   proceeded   further  and   the   stage   of   personal   hearing   was   over.  Subsequently, the report of the Director (Revenue  Laboratories),   CRCL   dated   30.12.2015   came   to   be  received by the adjudicating authority and a copy  thereof   was   provided   to   the   petitioner.   Upon  receipt of the copy of the report, the petitioner  Page 2 of 25 HC-NIC Page 2 of 25 Created On Mon Aug 14 23:24:55 IST 2017 C/SCA/6189/2016 JUDGMENT addressed a communication dated 10.02.2016 to the  adjudicating authority making various submissions  and   requested   for   an   opportunity   of   cross­ examining   Dr.   Y.K.S.   Rathore,   Director   (Revenue  Laboratories),   under   whose   signature   the   CRCL  report   had   been   forwarded   and   also   sought   for  opportunity   of   personal   hearing   in   connection  with the said report. The adjudicating authority,  however,   without   affording   any   opportunity   of  cross­examining   the   Director   (Revenue  Laboratories)   or   affording   any   opportunity   of  hearing   in   respect   of   the   subsequent   report,  passed   the   impugned   Order­In­Original,  classifying   the   product   Calcite   Powder   under   CH  No.38249090   and   the   Product   Calcium   Carbonate  under CH No.28365000 of the first schedule to the  Central   Excise   Tariff   Act,   1944   and   confirming  the   duty   demanded   with   interest   and   penalties.  Being   aggrieved,   the   petitioner   has   filed   the  present petition. 

(4) Mr.   Devan   Parikh,   Senior   Advocate,   learned  counsel   with   Mr.   S.N.   Thakkar,   learned   advocate  for   the   petitioner,   submitted   that   the  adjudicating authority had obtained the report of  the Director (Revenue Laboratories), CRCL, dated  30.12.2015,   after   the   personal   hearing   was   over  and   that   a   copy   of   such   report   was   supplied   to  the   petitioner   under   letter   dated   25.01.2016,  Page 3 of 25 HC-NIC Page 3 of 25 Created On Mon Aug 14 23:24:55 IST 2017 C/SCA/6189/2016 JUDGMENT pursuant to which the petitioner had immediately  addressed   a   letter   dated   10.02.2016   to   the  adjudicating   authority   and   in   addition   to  disputing   the   contents   of   the   report,   had  requested for cross­examination of the concerned  chemical   analyzer   and   had   also   requested   the  authorities   to   visit   the   factory   of   the  petitioner   to   verify   the   manufacturing   process  and   to   grant   a   further   opportunity   of   personal  hearing. It was submitted that without responding  to   such   request,   the   adjudicating   authority  passed   the   final   order   of   adjudication,  confirming the huge demand of excise duties with  interest   and   penalties.   It   was   argued   that  insofar   as   the   adjudicating   authority   has   not  granted   an   opportunity   to   cross­examine   the  chemical   analyzer   and   has   not   granted   any  opportunity of personal hearing to deal with the  report   of   the   chemical   analyzer,   the   impugned  order is violative of the principles of natural  justice, warranting interference by this court in  exercise   of   powers   under   article   226  of   the  Constitution of India. To bolster his contention,  the   learned   counsel   placed   reliance   upon   the  decision of the Bombay High Court in the case of  Kellogg India Private Limited & Anr. v. Union of   India & Ors.,  2005 SCC  Online Bom 1221, wherein  the court has held that the opportunity to cross­ examine  involves not only notice  of the adverse  Page 4 of 25 HC-NIC Page 4 of 25 Created On Mon Aug 14 23:24:55 IST 2017 C/SCA/6189/2016 JUDGMENT material  but also a sufficient interval of time  to   prepare   for   cross­examination.   The   notice   of  the   adverse   material   and   opportunity   of   cross­ examination   is   necessary   because   wherever   the  opponent   has   declined   to   avail   himself   of   the  offered opportunity, it must be supposed to have  been because he believed that testimony could not  or need not be disputed  at all or be shaken  by  cross­examination.   The   court   held   that   in   this  view of the matter, right to cross­examine or to  have   opportunity   to   effectively   exercise   that  right   is   an   essential   part   of   principles   of  natural justice.

(5) Vehemently   opposing   the   petition   Mr.   Dhaval  Vyas, learned Senior Standing Counsel for second  and   third   respondents,   submitted   that   merely  because   an   opportunity   of   cross­examining   the  chemical analyzer or affording an opportunity of  hearing   after   receipt   of   the   report   of   the  chemical analyzer has not been granted, the same  would   not   amount   to   a   breach   of   principles   of  natural   justice,   unless   a   case   of   prejudice   is  made   out.   It   was   submitted   that   in   the  communication dated 10.02.2016 the petitioner has  requested for an opportunity to cross­examine the  chemical analyzer on the inferences drawn in the  report. The attention of the court was invited to  the   findings   recorded   by   the   adjudicating  Page 5 of 25 HC-NIC Page 5 of 25 Created On Mon Aug 14 23:24:55 IST 2017 C/SCA/6189/2016 JUDGMENT authority   in   the   impugned   Order­In­Original   to  submit   that   the   adjudicating   authority   has   only  relied upon the findings contained in the report  and not on the inferences drawn therein. It was  submitted that since, in the impugned order, the  adjudicating   authority   has   relied   only   upon   the  findings   recorded   by   the   Director   (Revenue  Laboratories),   which   the   petitioner   has   not  disputed   and   has   not   relied   upon   not   the  inferences   drawn   in   connection   therewith,   it  cannot be said that any prejudice has been caused  to   the   petitioner   warranting   interference   in  exercise   of   powers   under   article   226  of   the  Constitution of India.

(5.1) It   was   next   submitted   that   the  petitioner   has   challenged   an   Order­In­Original  passed   by   the   adjudicating   authority,   against  which   a   statutory   appeal   lies   to   the   Customs,  Excise   and   Service   Tax   Tribunal   (hereinafter  referred   to   as   the   "Tribunal").   It   was   further  submitted  that  the  dispute  involved  in the  case  before   the   adjudicating   authority   relates   to   a  classification dispute and that against any order  that may have been passed by the Tribunal in an  appeal   preferred   against   the   Order­In­Original,  an appeal would lie to the Supreme Court and not  to   the   High   Court   and   therefore,   the   petition  deserves   to   be   dismissed   on   the   ground   of  Page 6 of 25 HC-NIC Page 6 of 25 Created On Mon Aug 14 23:24:55 IST 2017 C/SCA/6189/2016 JUDGMENT maintainability   alone.   In   support   of   his  submissions,   the   learned   counsel   has   placed  reliance   upon   the   decision   of   the   Bombay   High  Court in the case of Patel Engineering Limited V.   Union   of   India,  2014   (307)   E.L.T.   862   (Bom.)  wherein the court, did not accept the argument on  behalf   of   the   appellant   therein   that   any  prejudice had been caused to the assessee by not  permitting   the   panel   members   to   be   cross­ examined.   The   court   observed   that   the   assessee  could   have   in   the   teeth   of   the   material,   which  was placed by it before the department, was in a  position   to   defend   itself   effectively   on   the  basis  of  the material  placed.  The  court  further  observed   that   it   had   in   its   possession   several  documents including from the suppliers abroad. It  is   in   these   circumstances   and   where   several  opportunities   were   given   to   the   assessee/  appellant therein to make submissions with regard  to the findings of the report of the expert panel  that refusal to permit cross­examination of some  of   the   panel   members   was   justified.   The   court,  accordingly,   did   not   see   any   violation   of   the  principles   of   natural   justice   and   also   did   not  find that the assessee was prejudiced by refusal  of the authorities to permit cross­examination of  other panel members.





                                    Page 7 of 25

HC-NIC                            Page 7 of 25     Created On Mon Aug 14 23:24:55 IST 2017
                C/SCA/6189/2016                                        JUDGMENT



(6) The   question   of   maintainability   of   the  petition being a jurisdictional issue is required  to be addressed at the outset. In this regard it  may be apposite to refer to the decision of this  court   in  Manek   Chemicals   Pvt.   Ltd.v.   Union   of  India, 2016 (334) ELT 302, wherein this court was  called   upon   to   decide   similar   issues   as   have  arisen in the present case. The court held thus:

"18. At this juncture, reference may be made to  the following decisions: ­ 18.1 In  Lachhman Das, Tobacco Dealers v. Union   of   India,   (supra),   the   Delhi   High   Court   held  thus: ­ "4.   The   main   attack   of   the   learned   Counsel   was   based   on   denial   of   natural   justice   as   discussed   in   the   earlier   part   of   the   judgment.   In   my   opinion,   denial   of   an   opportunity to examine the Chemical Examiner   constitutes   such   violation   of   natural   justice as will entail the setting aside of   the   impugned   orders.   The   petitioner   was   entitled to examine the Chemical Examiner to  find   out   the   basis   of   his   report   and   also   the   treatment   according   to   the   sample   between   the   period   it   was   taken   and   analysed.   For   this   reason,   the   three   main   orders have to be quashed."
Page 8 of 25

HC-NIC Page 8 of 25 Created On Mon Aug 14 23:24:55 IST 2017 C/SCA/6189/2016 JUDGMENT 18.2   In  Mahek   Glazes   Pvt.   Ltd.   v.   Union   of   India (supra), this Court has held thus: ­ "6.   Having   heard   learned   counsel   for   the   parties, we are inclined to interfere on the   short ground of serious breach of principles   of natural justice in the process of passing   final   order   of   adjudication.   We   say   so   because   the   adjudicating   authority,   though   categorically informed by the representative   of the petitioners  that the petitioners are   serious   about   exercise   of   their   right   to   cross­examination   and   further   that   any  meaningful participation in the adjudication   proceedings   can   take   place   only   after   such   cross­examination   is   granted,   the   authority   proceeded  to decide such request only along   with   the   final   order   of   adjudication.   Whether the petitioners had a right to seek   cross­examination   in   the   facts   of   the   present   case,   is   not   our   brief   at   the   moment. We, therefore,  refuse  to comment on  the   petitioners'   insistence   for   cross­ examination   or   authority's   reluctance   to   grant it. What we, however, find is that the  petitioners had at least a right to be told   whether such application is being granted or  refused before  final order was passed.  When   the petitioners prayed for cross­examination   Page 9 of 25 HC-NIC Page 9 of 25 Created On Mon Aug 14 23:24:55 IST 2017 C/SCA/6189/2016 JUDGMENT and reasonably  expected that the same would   be   granted,   they   cannot   be   expected   to   participate   in   the   adjudication   proceedings   up   to   the   final   stage.   In   other   words,   without   dealing   with   and   disposing   of   the   petitioners'   application   for   cross­ examination,   the   adjudicating   authority   could   not   have   finally   adjudicated   the   issues.   If   he   was   of   the   opinion   that   the   request   for   cross­examination   was   not  tenable,   by   giving   reasons,   he   could   have   rejected   it.   We   wonder   what   would   have   happened, if he was inclined to accept such   a   request.   In   such   a   situation,   he   himself   could not have finally disposed of the show   cause   notice   proceedings.   In   either   case,   the   petitioners   had   a   right   to   know   the  outcome of their application.

7.   Merely   because   the   Commissioner   was   of   the   opinion   that   the   petitioners   had   made   such a request somewhat belatedly, would not  permit   him   to,   in   the   facts   of   the   present   case, deal with such an application only in   the   final   order   itself.   Sum   total   of   this   discussion   is   that   we   are   inclined   to   set   aside   the   impugned   order   and   request   the   adjudicating   authority   to   pass   a   separate   order   on   the   petitioners'   application/   Page 10 of 25 HC-NIC Page 10 of 25 Created On Mon Aug 14 23:24:55 IST 2017 C/SCA/6189/2016 JUDGMENT request   letter   for   granting   cross­ examination   of   the   named   witnesses.   We   are   conscious   that   the   Commissioner   has   already   decided such an issue, however, since we are   quashing   the   order,   this   part   of   the   order   would   also   not   survive   and   hence,   the   requirement   of   a   fresh   order.   We   are   informed that the same officer  continues to  hold   the   office   of   the   Commissioner   of   Customs & Central Excise, Surat­II. It would   therefore,   be   not   necessary   to   separately   hear the petition  once again before passing   any   such   order.   This   would,   however,   not   preclude the Commissioner from requiring the  petitioners   to   show   relevance   for   seeking   cross­examination of the witnesses."

18.3   The   Supreme   Court   in   the   case   of  Ayaaubkhan   Noorkhan   Pathan   v.   State   of   Maharashtra   and   Others,   (2013)   4   SCC   465,  has held thus:­ "24.   A   Constitution   Bench   of   this   Court   in   State   of   M.P.   v.   Chintaman   Sadashiva   Waishampayan  held that the rules of natural   justice   require   that   a   party   must   be   given   the   opportunity   to   adduce   all   relevant   evidence   upon   which   he   relies,   and   further   that,   the   evidence   of   the   opposite   party   Page 11 of 25 HC-NIC Page 11 of 25 Created On Mon Aug 14 23:24:55 IST 2017 C/SCA/6189/2016 JUDGMENT should be taken in his presence, and that he  should   be   given   the   opportunity   of   cross­ examining   the   witnesses   examined   by   that   party. Not providing the said opportunity to  cross­examine   witnesses,   would   violate   the   principles   of   natural   justice.   (See   also   Union   of   India   v.   T.R.   Varma,  Meenglas   Tea  Estate v. WorkmenKesoram Cotton Mills Ltd.  v.   Gangadhar,  New   India   Assurance   Co.   Ltd.   v.   Nusli   Neville   Wadia,  Rachpal   Singh   v.   Gurmit Kaur,  Biecco Lawrie Ltd. v. State of   W.B.  and  State   of   U.P.   v.   Saroj   Kumar   Sinha.)

25.   In  Lakshman   Exports   Ltd.   v.   CCE,   this  Court,   while   dealing   with   a   case   under   the   Central   Excise   Act,   1944,   considered   a   similar issue, i.e., permission with respect   to   the   cross­examination   of   a   witness.   In   the said case, the assessee had specifically   asked   to   be   allowed   to   cross­examine   the   representatives   of   the   firms   concerned,   to   establish   that   the   goods   in   question   had   been   accounted   for   in   their   books   of   account, and that excise duty had been paid.   The Court held that such a request could not  be   turned   down,   as   the   denial   of   the   right   to   cross­examine,   would   amount   to   a   denial   Page 12 of 25 HC-NIC Page 12 of 25 Created On Mon Aug 14 23:24:55 IST 2017 C/SCA/6189/2016 JUDGMENT of the right to be heard, i.e., audi alteram   partem.

26.   In  New   India   Assurance   Co.   Ltd.   v.   Nusli   Neville Wadia, this Court considered a case un­ der   the   Public   Premises   (Eviction   of   Unauthor­ ised Occupants) Act, 1971 and held as follows: 

"45.   If   some   facts   are   to   be   proved   by   the   landlord,   indisputably   the   occupant   should   get   an   opportunity   to   cross­examine.   The   witness   who   intends   to   prove   the   said   fact   has   the   right   to   cross­examine   the   witness.   This   may   not   be   provided   by   under   the   statute,   but   it   being   a   part   of   the   principles of natural justice should be held  to be indefeasible right."

In   view   of   the   above,   we   are   of   the   considered  opinion  that the right  of cross­ examination   is   an   integral   part   of   the   principles of natural justice.

27. In K.L. Tripathi v. SBI, this Court held  that, in order to sustain a complaint of the  violation   of   the   principles   of   natural   justice   on   the   ground   of   absence   of   opportunity of cross­examination, it must be  established   that   some   prejudice   has   been   Page 13 of 25 HC-NIC Page 13 of 25 Created On Mon Aug 14 23:24:55 IST 2017 C/SCA/6189/2016 JUDGMENT caused   to   the   appellant   by   the   procedure   followed.   A   party,   who   does   not   want   to  controvert   the   veracity   of   the   evidence   on   record, or of the testimony gathered behind   his   back,   cannot   expect   to   succeed   in   any   subsequent   grievance   raised   by   him,   stating   that no opportunity of cross­examination was  provided to him, specially when the same was   not   requested,   and   there   was   no   dispute   regarding   the   veracity   of   the   statement.   (See   also  Union   of   India   v.   P.K.   Roy  and  Channabasappa   Basappa   Happali   v.   State   of  Mysore.) In Transmission Corpn. of A.P. Ltd.   v.   Sri   Rama   Krishna   Rice   Mill,   this   Court   held:

"9.   In   order   to   establish   that   the   cross­ examination   is   necessary,   the   consumer   has   to   make   out   a   case   for   the   same.   Merely   stating that the statement of an officer is   being   utilised   for   the   purpose   of   adjudication would not be sufficient in all   cases.  If an application is made requesting   for grant of an opportunity to cross­examine   any official, the same has to be considered   by the adjudicating authority who shall have   to   either   grant   the   request   or   pass   a  reasoned   order   if   he   chooses   to   reject   the   Page 14 of 25 HC-NIC Page 14 of 25 Created On Mon Aug 14 23:24:55 IST 2017 C/SCA/6189/2016 JUDGMENT application.   In   that   event   an   adjudication   being  concluded, it shall  be certainly  open   to   the   consumer   to   establish   before   the   appellate   authority   as   to   how   he   has   been   prejudiced   by   the   refusal   to   grant   an   opportunity to cross­examine any official."

28.   The   meaning   of   providing   a   reasonable   opportunity to show cause  against  an action   proposed   to   be   taken   by   the   Government,   is   that   the   Government   servant   is   afforded   a   reasonable   opportunity   to   defend   himself   against   the   charges,   on   the   basis   of   which   an   inquiry   is   held.   The   Government   servant   should   be   given   an   opportunity   to   deny   his   guilt and establish his innocence. He can do   so   only   when   he   is   told   what   the   charges   against him are. He can, therefore, do so by  cross­examining   the   witnesses   produced   against   him.   The   object   of   supplying   statements   is   that,   the   Government   servant   will   be   able   to   refer   to   the   previous   statements   of   the   witnesses   proposed   to   be   examined   against   him.   Unless   the   said   statements   are   provided   to   the   Government   servant,   he   will   not   be   able   to   conduct   an   effective and useful cross­examination.





                                Page 15 of 25

HC-NIC                        Page 15 of 25     Created On Mon Aug 14 23:24:55 IST 2017
           C/SCA/6189/2016                                          JUDGMENT



29.   In  Rajiv   Arora   v.   Union   of   India,   this   Court held :

"13.   ...   Effective   cross­examination   could   have been done as regards the correctness or   otherwise of the report, if the contents of   them   were   proved.   The   principles   analogous   to   the   provisions   of   the   Evidence   Act   as   also   the   principles   of   natural   justice   demand   that   the   maker   of   the   report   should   be examined, save and except in cases where   the facts are admitted or the witnesses are   not   available   for   cross­examination   or   similar situation.
14. The High Court in its impugned judgment   proceeded   to   consider   the   issue   on   a   technical   plea,   namely,   no   prejudice   has   been   caused   to   the   appellant   by   such   non­ examination. If the basic  principles of law   have   not   been   complied   with   or   there   has   been a gross violation of the principles of   natural justice, the High Court should  have   exercised   its   jurisdiction   of   judicial   review."

30.   The   aforesaid   discussion   makes   it   evident   that,   not   only   should   the   opportunity   of   cross­examination   be   made   Page 16 of 25 HC-NIC Page 16 of 25 Created On Mon Aug 14 23:24:55 IST 2017 C/SCA/6189/2016 JUDGMENT available, but it should be one of effective   cross­examination,   so   as   to   meet   the   requirement   of   the   principles   of   natural   justice.   In   the   absence   of   such   an  opportunity,   it   cannot   be   held   that   the   matter   has   been   decided   in   accordance   with   law,   as   cross­examination   is   an   integral   part and parcel of the principles of natural   justice."

19. On a conspectus of the above decisions,   it clearly emerges that cross­examination is  an   integral   part   and   parcel   of   the  principles   of   natural   justice.   In  State   of  U.P.   v.   Mohd.   Nooh,   AIR   1958   SCR   86,   the   Supreme   Court   after   referring   to   various   authorities in this regard, has held that if   an   inferior   Court   or   Tribunal   at   first   instance acts wholly without jurisdiction or  patently   in   excess   of   jurisdiction,   or   manifestly   conducts   the   proceedings   before   it   in   a   manner   which   is   contrary   to   the   rules   of   natural   justice,   and   all   accepted   rules   or   procedure   and   which   offends   the   superior   Court's   sense   of   fair   play,   the   superior   Court   may   quite   properly   exercise   its   power   to   issue   the   prerogative   writ   of   certiorari to correct the error of the Court   or   the   Tribunal   at   first   instance,   even   if   Page 17 of 25 HC-NIC Page 17 of 25 Created On Mon Aug 14 23:24:55 IST 2017 C/SCA/6189/2016 JUDGMENT an   appeal   to   another   inferior   Court   or   Tribunal   was   available   and   recourse     was   not   had to it. In   C.I.T. v. Chhabil Dass   Agarwal  (supra)   on   which   reliance   had   been   placed   by   the   learned   counsel   for   the   respondent, the Supreme Court held thus:­ "15.   Thus,   while   it   can   be   said   that   this   Court  has recognised some exceptions to the   rule of alternative remedy, i.e.,  where the   statutory   authority   has   not   acted   in   accordance   with   the   provisions   of   the   enactment in question, or in defiance of the   fundamental   principles   of   judicial   procedure,   or   has   resorted   to   invoke   the   provisions   which   are   repealed,   or   when   an   order has been passed in total violation of   the   principles   of   natural   justice,   the   proposition   laid   down   in   Thansingh   Nathmal   case,   Titaghur   Paper   Mills   case   and   other   similar   judgments   that   the   High   Court   will   not   entertain   a   petition   under   Article   226   of   the   Constitution   if   an   effective   alternative   remedy   is   available   to   the   aggrieved  person or the statute under  which   the   action   complained   of   has   been   taken   itself contains a mechanism for redressal of  grievance   still   holds   the   field.   Therefore,   when a statutory forum is created by law for  Page 18 of 25 HC-NIC Page 18 of 25 Created On Mon Aug 14 23:24:55 IST 2017 C/SCA/6189/2016 JUDGMENT redressal   of   grievances,   a   writ   petition   should   not   be   entertained   ignoring   the   statutory dispensation."

(20) Thus,   breach   of   principles   of   natural  justice   and   defiance   of   fundamental   principles  of   judicial   procedure   falls   within   the  exceptions noticed by the Supreme Court in the  above  decision,  wherein  the   availability  of   an  alternative   remedy   will   not   act   as   a   bar   in  exercising   writ   jurisdiction   under   Article   226  of the Constitution of India.

(7) In   the   opinion   of   this   court,   the   above  decision   would   be   squarely   applicable   to   the  facts   of   the   present   case   inasmuch   as   the   two­ pronged   attack   against   the   impugned   Order­in­ Original  is based upon the breach  of principles  of natural justice, firstly on the ground of non­ grant   of   opportunity   to   cross   examine   the  signatory of the CRCL report, and secondly on the  ground   of   non­grant   of   any   opportunity   of  personal hearing to deal with the contents of the  CRCL   report.   In   the   facts   of   the   present   case,  while it is true that the central issue involved  in   the   case   before   the   adjudicating   authority  relates to a classification dispute, however, it  is equally true that none of the questions raised  before this court relate to classification of the  Page 19 of 25 HC-NIC Page 19 of 25 Created On Mon Aug 14 23:24:55 IST 2017 C/SCA/6189/2016 JUDGMENT subject   goods.   The  questions   before   this   court  relate   only   to   the   breach   of   principles   of  natural justice and hence, the availability of an  alternative   statutory   remedy   will   not   act   as   a  bar in exercising writ jurisdiction under Article  226 of the Constitution of India.

(8) Examining   the   merits   of   the   rival  contentions, a perusal of the record of the case  reveals that initially the adjudicating authority  had not thought it fit to call for a test report  from the CRCL. However, subsequently, with a view  to put the matter at rest, the report of the CRCL  was   called   for   and   ultimately   a   report   dated  30.12.2015,   under   the   signature   of   Dr.   Y.K.S.  Rathore,   Director   (Revenue   Laboratories),   CRCL,  was   forwarded   to   the   adjudicating   authority.   In  the   meanwhile,   the   adjudication   proceedings   had  proceeded   further   and   stage   of   personal   hearing  was concluded. Upon receipt of the report, a copy  thereof  was furnished to the petitioner under a  letter   dated   25.01.2016,   who   immediately  addressed a letter to the adjudicating authority  requesting   for   an   opportunity   to   cross­examine  the   Director   (Revenue   Laboratories)   as   well   as  sought for an opportunity of personal hearing to  deal   with   the   contents   of   the   report.   However,  without   affording   any   opportunity   to   cross­ examine   the   Director   (Revenue   Laboratories),  Page 20 of 25 HC-NIC Page 20 of 25 Created On Mon Aug 14 23:24:55 IST 2017 C/SCA/6189/2016 JUDGMENT CRCL,   or   granting   an   opportunity   of   personal  hearing   to   respond   to   the   said   report,   the  adjudicating authority has proceeded further and  passed the impugned Order­In­Original.

(9) A   close   reading   of   the   communication   dated  10.02.2016,   addressed   by   the   petitioner   to   the  adjudicating   authority,   reveals   that   the  petitioner has set out detailed reasons as to why  the   inferences   drawn   in   the   CRCL   report   are  incorrect and has also stated the reasons as to  why   it   seeks   to   cross­examine   the   signatory   of  the   said   CRCL   report   viz.   Dr.   Y.K.S.   Rathore,  Director   (Revenue   Laboratories).   The   petitioner  has further requested for personal hearing in the  matter.   However,   in   the   impugned   Order­In­ Original there is no reference whatsoever to the  above   communication   dated   10.02.2016   of   the  petitioner   as   to   why   the   opportunity   of   cross­ examination should not be granted and as to why  the   submissions   made   in   the   said   communication  did   not   merit   acceptance.   No   reasons   have   been  assigned   as   to   why   an   opportunity   of   personal  hearing   was   not   granted.   Resultantly,   while   the  adjudicating   authority   has   based   its   finding   on  the CRCL report dated 30.12.2015, no opportunity  of   hearing   whatsoever,   has   been   granted   to   the  petitioner to deal with the contents thereof.



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(10) On behalf of the respondents a contention has  been   advanced   that   the   adjudicating   authority   has  merely placed reliance on the findings recorded in  the   said   report   and   not   on   the   inferences   drawn  therein and hence, non­grant of an opportunity of  personal   hearing   does   not   cause   any   prejudice   to  the   petitioner   and   that   the   petitioner   should   be  relegated   to   the   alternative   remedy   of   filing   an  appeal before the Customs, Excise and Service Tax  Tribunal. 

(11) A   perusal   of   the   impugned   order   reveals   that  the adjudicating authority in Paragraph No.23.5 of  its order has recorded that it has mainly relied on  the   test   result   of   Dr.   Y.K.S.   Rathore,   Director  (Revenue Laboratories) wherein the actual chemical  composition of the product under consideration has  been analyzed. Thus, it is evident that conclusions  arrived at by the adjudicating authority are based  upon the findings recorded in the report submitted  by   Dr.   Y.K.S.   Rathore,   Director   (Revenue  Laboratories), CRCL, but no opportunity of hearing  has been granted to the petitioner to deal with the  said report nor has the petitioner been granted an  opportunity   to   cross­examine   the   signatory   of   the  report. Moreover, none of the grounds stated in the  letter   dated   10.02.2016   have   even   been   considered  by   the   adjudicating   authority   in   the   impugned  order.




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(12) In   the   light   of   the   fact   that   the  adjudicating   authority   has   placed   reliance   upon  the   report   of   the   CRCL   in   respect   of   which   the  petitioner   was   not   granted   any   opportunity   of  hearing, it is manifest that there is a breach of  principles   of   natural   justice   warranting  interference   by   this   court.   Additionally,   the  petitioner   has   set   out   several   grounds   in   the  communication   dated   10.02.2016   stating   the  reasons as to why it seeks to cross­examine the  signatory   of   the   CRCL   report.   However,   the  request   has   fallen   on   deaf   ears.   It   is   settled  legal   position   that   the   right   to   cross­examine  ought   or   to   have   opportunity   to   effectively  exercise   that   right   is   an   essential   part   of  principles   of   natural   justice.   Under   the  circumstances,   the   adjudicating   authority   was  required   to   give   fair   opportunity   to   the  petitioner   to   not   only   deal   with   the   report   of  the   CRCL,   which   was   received   subsequently   but  also to give an opportunity to the petitioner to  cross­examine the Director (Revenue Laboratories)  in respect of the contents of the report and the  inferences   drawn   therein.   Non­grant   of  opportunity   to   cross­examine   the   Director  (Revenue   Laboratories)   in   respect   of   the   report  on   which   reliance   has   been   placed   by   the  adjudicating authority, also amounts to breach of  principles   of   natural   justice.   Insofar   as   the  Page 23 of 25 HC-NIC Page 23 of 25 Created On Mon Aug 14 23:24:55 IST 2017 C/SCA/6189/2016 JUDGMENT decision   of   the   Bombay   High   Court   in  Patel   Engineering Limited v. Union of India  (supra) on  which reliance has been placed on behalf of the  respondents, this court is of the view that the  same does not in any manner further the case of  the respondents, inasmuch as, in the facts of the  said case the several opportunities were granted  to the assessee  to make submissions with regard  to   the   findings   of   the   report   of   the   expert  committee   and   the   court   upon   considering   the  overall   facts   of   the   case   was   satisfied   that  refusal   to   permit   cross   examination   of   some   of  the panel members was justified. In the light of  the above discussion, the petitioner has made out  a clear case of gross violation of the principles  of   natural   justice   warranting   interference   by  this   court   in   exercise   of   powers   under   Article  226 of the Constitution of India. 

(13) The   petition,   therefore,   succeeds   and   is  accordingly   allowed.   The   impugned   order   dated  19.02.2016 (Annexure­Q to the petition) is hereby  quashed and set aside and the matter is restored  to   the   file   of   the   adjudicating   authority   from  the   stage   of   furnishing   of   the   report   of   the  chemical   analyzer   to   the   petitioner,   to   decide  the   same   afresh   in   accordance   with   law,   after  affording the petitioner an opportunity to cross­ examine the Director (Revenue Laboratories), CRCL  Page 24 of 25 HC-NIC Page 24 of 25 Created On Mon Aug 14 23:24:55 IST 2017 C/SCA/6189/2016 JUDGMENT as   well   as   an   opportunity   of   personal   hearing.  RULE   is   made   absolute   to   the   aforesaid   extent.  Direct service is permitted.

Sd/­        [HARSHA DEVANI, J] Sd/­        [A. S. SUPEHIA, J] *** Bhavesh­[pps]* Page 25 of 25 HC-NIC Page 25 of 25 Created On Mon Aug 14 23:24:55 IST 2017