National Green Tribunal
1. Ramakant Rout S/O Late Touli Charan ... vs 1. State Of Odisha Through The Secretary ... on 23 March, 2023
Item No.03 Court No.1
BEFORE THE NATIONAL GREEN TRIBUNAL
EASTERN ZONE BENCH, KOLKATA
(THROUGH PHYSICAL HEARING WITH HYBRID MODE)
Original Application No.116/2022/EZ
In the matter of: -
1. Ramakant Rout,
S/o Late Touli Charan Rout,
Aged about 62 year,
2. Susanta Kumar Parida,
S/o Satyanand Parida
Aged about 41 year,
3. Shiba Prasad Kumura,
S/o Sudrashan Kumura
Aged about 41 years,
4. Rintu Mahapatra,
S/o Kishore Chandra Mahatpatra
Aged about 34 years,
5. Prem Raj Sahu,
S/o Banchanidhi Sahu
Aged about 55 years,
6. Mariyam Barla,
D/o Patrick Barla
Aged about 50 years,
7. Siba Shosh,
S/o Sunil Ghosh,
Aged about 31 years
All are residents of Ward No.15,
At/Po/Ps-Baragarh-768028
.......Applicant(s)
Versus
1. State of Odisha,
Through the Secretary,
Housing and Urban Development Department,
Government of Odisha, 3rd Floor,
Kharvel Bhavan, West Wing,
Room No.-302, Bhubaneswar-751001,
2. District Collector,
Baragarh,
At/Po/Dist-Baragarh,
Odisha, 768028,
1
3. Executive Officer,
Bargarh Municipality,
At/Po/Dist-Bargarh,
Odisha-768028,
4. Member Secretary,
Odisha State Pollution Control Board,
A/118, Unit-VII, Nilakantha Nagar,
Bhubaneswar, Pin-751012,
5. The Member Secretary,
Central Pollution Control Board,
Parivesh Bhawan, East Arjun Nagar,
Delhi-110023,
6. Deputy Director General of Forests (C),
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change,
Regional Office, (EZ)
A/3, Chandersekharpur,
Bhubaneswar-751023,
7. Chief Secretary, Government of Odisha,
Lokaseva Bhawan, Bhubaneswar, PIN-751001
......Respondent(s)
Date of hearing: 23.03.2023
CORAM: HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE B. AMIT STHALEKAR, JUDICIAL MEMBER
HON'BLE PROF. A. SENTHIL VEL, EXPERT MEMBER
For Applicant(s) : Mr. Sankar Prasad Pani, Advocate (in Virtual Mode)
For Respondent(s) : Mr. Tarun Patnaik, ASC for R-1, 2 & 7 (in Virtual Mode),
Mr. Venugopal Mahapatra, Adv. for R-3 (in Virtual Mode),
Mr. Dipanjan Ghosh, Adv. for R-4 (in Virtual Mode),
Mr. Rajib Ray, Adv. for R-5 (in Virtual Mode),
Ms. Rashhmi Singhee, Adv. for R-6 (in Virtual Mode),
ORDER
1. This Original Application has been filed by the Applicants stating therein that in Bargarh Municipality Plot No.8355 and Plot No.8357, Khata No.26, Plot No.8360, Ac 1.56 Decimal in Ward No.15 is being used as a dumping ground but the same is located close to human habitation which is causing air, water and soil pollution in the area. It is stated that the Baragarh Municipality generates around 20 MT (Metric Tonnes) of Garbage every day while only 15 MT (Metric Tonnes) of Garbage is being collected. The 2 population of Baragarh Municipality as per the 2011 Census is stated to be 80,625 persons.
2. It is also alleged that Jeera River flowing through the City of Baragarh has become a sewage channel even though this river is catering to the drinking water needs of the town of Baragarh and now garbage and untreated municipal waste water is being released into this River.
3. The further allegation is that untreated and mixed municipal garbage including carcass of dead animals is being dumped at the site in question by the Baragarh Municipality and there is no segregation of Bio-medical waste; dumping of the night soil and waste from cesspool vehicle or municipal garbage.
4. Photographs have been filed from page nos.37 to 46 which show despicable conditions prevailing in the Baragarh Municipality due to the surrounding garbage dump. Photographs also show that garbage is being burnt at the dumpsite causing air pollution.
5. At the time of admission, the Tribunal constituted a Committee comprising of the following members: -
i. District Collector, Baragarh or his representative not below the rank of Additional District Magistrate (ADM);
ii. Scientist, Odisha State Pollution Control Board;
iii. Scientist, Central Pollution Control Board, Regional Office, Kolkata; and iv. Executive Officer, Baragarh Municipality The Odisha State Pollution Control Board was directed to be the Nodal Agency for all logistic purposes and compliance. The Tribunal had further directed that Inspection Report be filed in this regard.3
6. The Committee was directed to inspect the dumpsite and submit its report with regard to the conditions prevailing there stating the amount of garbage generated in Baragarh Municipality and the amount of garbage being treated. The Committee was also directed to state the quantity of legacy waste and its treatment through process of Bio-mining etc., and also submit its report with regard to compliance of Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 including Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016 and Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016. The Committee was further directed to submit its report with regard to establishment of Sewage Treatment Plant or Faecal Sludge Treatment Plants for the immediate remediation of the waste.
7. The Committee was also directed to submit the Water Analysis Report of River Jeera, upstream and downstream, of Baragarh Municipality with regard to pH, BOD, DO, COD, TC, FC & other parameters.
8. The Committee was also required to suggest remedial measures and compute environmental compensation and if environmental violation is found, Baragarh Municipality would also be liable for payment of Rs.1,00,000/- (Rupees One lac only) penalty per month which will be with effect from 1st April, 2020 in pursuance of the directions of the National Green Tribunal, Principal Bench, dated 12.07.2019 passed in Original Application No.606/2018.
9. Affidavit dated 27.09.2022 has been filed on behalf of the Respondent No.4, State Pollution Control Board, Odisha. Along with the affidavit dated 27.09.2022, two Inspection Reports of inspection carried out on 13.09.2022 have also been filed. Annexure-R4/1 is the Inspection Report signed and endorsed by 4 the Collector and District Magistrate, Bargarh and Executive Officer, Bargarh Municipality. The Report reads as under: -
"Following observations were made by the joint committee during enquiry: -
1. It is observed from the records and information submitted by the Bargarh Municipality (Population as per 2011 census is 80,625 and current population is about 101100, waste generation per capita is 350 gm per day) that the Municipal Solid Waste generation is about 35.50 MT per day (wet and dry waste), out of which wet waste of about 15 MT per day waste is being treated in 3 nos. of Micro Compositing Centre (MCC) each having 5 TPD capacity. Dry waste of quantity about 20 TPD is being treated in 3 nos. of Material Recovery Facilities (MRF) each having 10 TPD capacity. Rest of the solid waste of quantity about 0.5 TPD plastic waste is being collected and stored separately at MRF area.
2. It was observed and estimated during visit to the alleged site at ward no: 15 that the Municipality has dumped about 51,476 MT of waste over a span of more than 10-15 years which is spread over an area of Ac.
1.59 dec. The Municipal Authority has not yet completed remediation of the legacy waste at the alleged site. However, the Municipality Authority has submitted detail estimation of legacy waste. Also the Municipality has initiated the process of remediation which they assured would be completed by a tendered Agency in a time bound manner.
3. It is observed from the records available in the State Pollution Control Board, Sambalpur there are 3 nos. of Govt. Health Care Establishments and 10 nos. of Private Health care establishments are operating in the Bargarh Municipality area. Bio-medical waste generated from the Govt. health care facilities are being 5 lifted and transported by M/s. Nischinta Multi Services Pvt. Limited, Bhubaneswar and treatment of the waste is done by M/s. Biotech Solutions at VIMSAR, Burla, Dist.- Sambalpur. Similarly, the Bio-medical waste generated from the private health care establishment are being handled and disposed of by the operator of common waste disposal facility (CBMWTF) M/s. Mediad Marketing Service. The waste is being transported to the common waste disposal facility (CBMWTF) located at Amasranga, Sundargarh. Overall management practice of Bio medical waste generated from the Health Care facilities operating in the Municipality area is observed to be as per the provisions of the rule.
4. The plastic waste generated in the municipality area is being segregated and stored in designated site at MRF area. It is informed by the Municipality authority that they have made an agreement with M/s. ACC Limited, Bargarh Cement works, Bargarh for lifting of plastic waste from the municipality area in order to co-process in the cement kiln. Also, the municipality authority is sending their plastic waste to M/s. Dalmia Cement, Rajgangpur through third party agency namely M/s. GG Wastech Pvt. Limited, B-:34/35, Sector-2, Debendra Nagar, Raipur. It is observed from the available records with the municipality that they have sent about 153.53 MT of plastic waste to the said cement plant on 13.07.2022.
5. During visit water sample was collected by the committee at Upstream of Jeera River of Bargarh Municipality near Bargarh Law College and Downstream of Jeera River of Bargarh Municipality near PHED Pada, with regard pH, BOD, DO. COD, TC, FC and other parameters. The water samples have been analysed at Central Laboraory, State Pollution 6 Control Board, Odisha, Bhubaneswar and the report thus obtained.
6. The Bargarh Municipality has constructed and started operating a Septage Treatment Plant from January 2022 of capacity 30 KLD, At- Tentela, Bardol G.P, Bargarh for treatment of faecal sludge.
7. The Bargarh Municipality has proposed to establish 5 nos. of sewerage treatment plant of capacity (STPs), 125 KLD each at five different locations inside the Municipality area. The detail proposal has been sent to the Department of Housing and Urban Development (CSAP), Govt. of Odisha.
Overall observations of the committee:
1. The Municipality has obtained authorization under the provision of Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 for setting up and operation of waste processing/waste disposal facility at Khata No.453, Plot No. 1981, Village-Barahaguda, an area of Ac. 18.00 dec. which was valid upto 31.03.2020 vide Board's letter no. 13046 dt. 29.07.2015.
2. However, historically waste has been dumped at the alleged site over a period of 10-15 years without valid permission from the State Pollution Control Board, Odisha. However, the dump site has been provided with boundary wall all around the alleged site of height about 15 feet. It was observed during visit that the municipality authority has stopped dumping of waste at the alleged site and engaged one JCB machine for alteration of legacy waste in order to enhance the decomposition rate of the waste through bio-culture process. This will eventually help in remediation of the legacy waste. The Municipality has now been allotted funds and technical support for Bio mining which shall be completed by an Agency to be 7 selected through tender process. The entire exercise shall be completed in a time bound manner as assured by Executive Officer, Bargarh Municipality.
3. The Executive Officer, Bargarh Municipality has submitted a representation addressed to the Hon'ble NGT through the joint committee constituted by the Hon'ble NGT and prayed for exemption the penalty imposed by Hon'ble NGT of Rs.1.00 lakh (One lakh) per month which will effect from 1st April 2020.
Recommendation:
1. The Bargarh Municipality shall submit detail action plan regarding bio-mining of legacy waste. After bio-
mining of the legacy waste the authority shall develop Eco-Park at the alleged site for public interest.
2. No further dumping of the solid waste at the alleged site is recommended.
3. The Municipality authority shall conduct mass public awareness campaign in the municipality area for better management and implementation of Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 and Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016.
4. The Municipality authority shall expedite the construction of adequate capacities of Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) for treatment of waste water generated in the municipality area.
5. It is observed during visit that the Bargarh Municipality has not yet completed remediation of legacy waste and failed to comply the time-line fixed by the Hon'ble NGT. Therefore, Bargarh Municipality is liable to pay environmental compensation of Rs.30,000,00 (Rupees Thirty lakhs) only @ Rs.1.0 Lakh per month with effect from 01.04.2020 to till date (30 months). However, it is to be noted that the 8 Municipality has already established MRF, MCF and Septage treatment facilities which prevent further environmental damage to the area. Considering the fact that the quantity of legacy waste accumulated at the alleged site is huge and the Municipality did not possess the technical & financial resources to remediate it immediately, the Hon'ble NGT, EZ Bench Kolkata is requested to allow time to the Municipality to complete the process in a time bound manner.
6. Now after allotment of resources, Municipality has initiated the process of remediation and Bio mining of the alleged site and has assured that the same shall be completed in a time bound manner. Therefore, the Hon'ble NGT, EZ Bench Kolkata is requested to kindly consider the request of the Municipality to grant them exemption from paying the compensation amount @ Rs.1.0 lakh per month with effect from 1st April 2020."
10. The other Inspection Report filed as Annexure-R4/2 is a Report which is signed and endorsed by the State Pollution Control Board and the Central Pollution Control Board. Paragraph 'e' of the Overall Observations of the Committee and the Recommendations of this Committee read as under:
"e. Also, in light of the un-remediated/unprocessed legacy waste being 51,476 MT, environmental compensation is assessed @ Rs.300 per MT (at which approximate rate compensation has been awarded in the Hon'ble NGT order dated 15.09.2022 regarding O.A. No.606/2018/PB in respect of State of Rajasthan for the reasons given therein). This works out to Rs.1,54,42,800 (Rupees One Crore Fifty-Four Lakhs Forty-Two Thousand and Eight Hundred).
Recommendations:
Considering the observations w.r.t. the field visit and violations mentioned above, the following suggestive remedial 9 measures are recommended along with computation of Environmental Compensation (EC) -
i) Bargarh Municipality shall be liable to pay the final amount of compensation of Rs.1,84,42,800/- (Rupees One Crore Eighty-Four Lakh Forty-Two Thousand & Eight Hundred) only.
ii) The Bargarh Municipality is required to submit detail action plan regarding bio-mining of legacy waste. After bio-mining of the legacy waste, the authority may develop Eco-Park at the alleged site for public interest.
iii) No further dumping of the solid waste at the alleged site may be allowed.
iv) The Municipality Authority may conduct mass public awareness campaign in the municipality area for better management and implementation of Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 and Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016.
v) The Municipality Authority shall expedite the construction of adequate capacities of Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) for treatment of wastewater generated in the municipality area."
11. The Applicant in his rejoinder affidavit dated 29.09.2022 has reiterated the contents of the Original Application with a further request that timeline be fixed for setting up of five Sewage Treatment Plants as suggested by the Committee constituted by this Tribunal and to identify the points where waste water is being discharged into the Bheden Canal and Jeera River and compute Environmental Compensation.
12. The Central Pollution Control Board in its affidavit dated 05.11.2022 has stated that the ground water quality within 50 10 meters of the periphery of the landfill site be periodically monitored covering the different seasons of the year i.e., summer, monsoon and post-monsoon period to ensure that the ground water is not contaminated and usage of groundwater in and around the landfill site for any purpose including drinking and irrigation be considered only after ensuring its quality.
13. The Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change in its affidavit dated 05.12.2022 has referred to the Schedule I of the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016, which provides that a landfill site shall be 100 meters away from a river; 200 meters from a pond; 200 meters from Highways, Habitations, Public Parks and water supply wells; and 20 kms away from Airport/Airbase. However, in a special case, landfill site may be set up within a distance of 10 and 20 km away from Airport/Airbase if a No Objection Certificate (NOC) to that effect has been issued by the Civil Aviation Authority/Air Force as the case may be. The landfill site shall not be permitted within the floodplains as recorded for the last 100 years, zone of coastal regulations, wetland, critical habitat areas, sensitive eco-fragile areas. The Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 have been filed as Annexure-I to the affidavit.
14. The Tahasildar, Bargarh, has filed his counter-affidavit dated 03.12.2022, stating therein that in pursuance of the directions issued by the National Green Tribunal, Principal Bench, in Original Application No.606/2018, the Statement of Purpose (SOP) has been issued by the Housing and Urban Development Department ('HUD' for short) dated 18.12.2020 in pursuance of which Micro Composting Centers (MCC) and Material Recovery Facilities (MRF) have been established for processing wet and dry wastes 11 respectively which are collected from the household. Legacy waste site has been surrounded by boundary wall and steps have been initiated for taking up Bio-mining of Legacy Waste.
15. It is stated that the dumpsite in question because operational from 2017 onwards since there was no habitation in and around the area of the dumpsite. The waste collected from households is about 35 Metric Tonnes (MT) per day which is being processed in the Micro Composting Centers (MCC) and Material Recovery Facilities (MRF) with the help of Community Partners i.e. women members of the Mission Shakti Self Help Groups named as 'SWACHH Karmis'.
16. It is also stated that the Bargarh Municipality has passed a resolution for carrying out Bio-mining of the legacy waste which will be completed in a time bound manner. Drinking water for Bargarh town is sourced from Jeera River but after commissioning of the Water Treatment Plant of 15 MLD at Kantapalli, Bargarh, the water supply is being made from the aforesaid Plant through the Bargarh Main Canal (BMC) since February, 2019. It is further stated that Bargarh town also has on-site sanitation system (septic tanks and pits) in the households. Faecal Sludge and Septage Regulations, 2018, are being enforced by the Bargarh Municipality. Desludging of septic tanks is being carried out through cesspool emptier vehicles. A 30 KLD capacity Faecal Sludge Treatment Plant has been installed and is operational since June, 2022 which is being operated by the Mission Shakti Self-Help Group. It is also stated that after the dumpsite is cleared by Bio-mining, the vacant land will be used for public purpose. The legacy waste will be treated by the Municipality in a time bound manner by adopting 12 the procedure of Bio-mining. As of now, dumping of waste at the dumpsite is completely prohibited.
17. Details relating to enforcement of ban leading to seizure of plastic materials and collection of fines in the Bargarh Municipality have been given in a chart which reads as under: -
Period Seized Quantity Fine Collected
(in MT) (Rs. In Lakh)
From June-2019 to 75 22600
March 2020
From April-2020 to 157 26800
March 2021
From April-2021 to 213 75700
March 2022
From April-2022 to 330 108700
September 2022
Total 0.60 233800
18. The Bargarh Municipality has filed a further affidavit dated 03.12.2022 reiterating the facts already stated in the affidavit of the Tahasildar, Bargarh.
19. The Collector, Bargarh, has also filed its affidavit dated 12.01.2023 reiterating the contents of the affidavit of the Tahasildar, Bargarh. Additionally, it is stated that in Bargarh Municipality two cesspool emptier vehicles with a capacity of 3000 liters each for desludging the septic tanks have been in operation with GPS monitoring systems.
20. Affidavit dated 15.01.2023 has been filed by Respondent No.3, Executive Officer, Bargarh Municipality, wherein it is denied that untreated waste water is being discharged into Jeera River or the Bheden Canal. It is stated that municipal sewage water is discharged into open drains which finally meets the Jeera River 13 only after proper treatment including being treated by a coagulation of bleaching powder and lime powder mixed in different chambers situated near Jeera River, Harijan pada, PHD pada, and Bailtikra. It is also stated that three Micro Composting Centers (MCC) have already supplied 21 MT Bio Manure to different farmers for Agriculture, Horticulture and Forest Department of the State Government and another stock of near about 30 MT of such Bio Manure is ready for further sale.
21. We have heard the learned Counsel for the parties and perused the documents on record.
22. The Inspection Report of the Joint Committee discloses that Municipal Solid Waste generation in Bargarh Municipality is about 35.50 MT per day (wet and dry waste), out of which about 15 MT is being treated daily in three Micro Compositing Centers (MCC) having 5 TPD per day capacity. Dry waste of 20 TPD is being treated in three Material Recovery Facilities (MRF) each having 10 TPD capacity. Rest of 5 TPD of Solid Waste/Plastic Waste is being collected and stored separately at the Material Recovery Facilities. The Municipality has dumped about 51,476 MT of waste over a span more than 10-15 years which is spread over an area of Ac.1.59 dec. Remediation of legacy waste has not been completed till date though process of remediation has been initiated and completed within a time bound manner but no timeline has been given. The affidavit of the Bargarh Municipality or State Government also does not disclose any timeline.
23. Bio-medical waste generated from Government Healthcare facilities are being lifted and transported by M/s Nischinta Multi Services Pvt. Limited, Bhubaneswar, and treatment of the waste is being 14 done by M/s Biotech Solutions at Vimsar, Burla, District- Sambalpur. Similarly, the Bio-medical waste generated from the private healthcare establishments is being handed and disposed of by the operator of common waste disposal facility i.e. M/s Mediad Marketing Service. The waste is being transported to the common waste disposal facility located at Amasranga, Sundargarh. Plastic waste generated in the municipality area is being segregated and stored at designated sites at the Material Recovery Facilities (MRF) area and the municipality has entered into an agreement with M/s ACC Limited, Bargarh Cement Works, Bargarh, for lifting of plastic waste from the municipality area in order to co-process the same in the Cement Kiln. It is also stated that plastic waste has also been sent to M/s Dalmia Cement Plant, at Rajgangpur and about 153.53 MT of plastic waste has already been sent to the said Cement Plant on 13.07.2022.
24. Bargarh Municipality has constructed Septage Treatment Plant from January, 2022 having a capacity of 30 KLD at Tentela, Bardol G.P., Bargarh for treatment of faecal sludge which is in operation. It is proposed to establish five Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) having a capacity of 125 KLD each at five different locations inside the municipality area and a detailed proposal in this regard has been sent to the Department of Housing and Urban Development, Government of Odisha. The Committee constituted by the Tribunal had estimated Environmental Compensation of Rs.1,84,42,800/- (Rupees One crore eighty-four lakh forty-two thousand eight hundred only) computed at Rs.300 per MT for 51,476 MT in terms of the order of the National Green Tribunal, Principal Bench in Original Application No.606/2018 vide order dated 15.09.2022 15 which works out to Rs.1,54,42,800/- (Rupees One crore fifty-four lakh forty-two thousand eight hundred only).
25. The Collector & District Magistrate, Bargarh, and the Executive Officer, Bargarh Municipality, in their separate Inspection Report dated 13.09.2022 have assessed Environmental Compensation of Rs.30 lakh at Rs.1,00,000 per month with effect from 01.04.2020 for a period of 30 months whereas the Deputy Environmental Scientist-cum-Nodal Officer, State Pollution Control Board and the Scientist-B, CPCB, Kolkata in their report have assessed Environmental Compensation at Rs.1,54,42,800/- (Rupees One crore fifty four lakh forty-two thousand eight hundred only) in terms of the directions given by the National Green Tribunal, Principal Bench in Original Application No.606/2018. There is obviously a conflict between the Committee members with regard to the Environmental Compensation to be paid by the Bargarh Municipality. Affidavits on record show that Bargarh is small municipality, its total population as per the Committee Report at being about present 1,01,100. The municipality also states that they do not have the financial resources to pay Rs.1,00,000/- per month i.e. Rs.30,00,000/- per annum by way of Environmental Compensation.
26. We, therefore, dispose of this Original Application with the following directions: -
(i) The amount of Rs.1,84,42,800/- (Rupees One crore eighty-
four lakh forty-two thousand eight hundred only) shall be deposited by the State Government in an ESCROW account to be utilized for the remediation measures for treatment of 16 the legacy waste as well Bio-mining and all other remedial measures as may be required for Bargarh Municipality.
(ii) The Municipality has itself proposed setting up of five Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) of 125 KLD at five different locations inside the municipality, we, therefore, direct the said STPs to be installed and made operational by 31.12.2023.
(iii) So far as treatment of legacy waste is concerned, we direct the Bargarh Municipality to ensure complete treatment of legacy waste through Bio-mining/Micro Composting Centers/Material Recovery Facilities by 31.12.2023.
(iv) The Inspection Report shows that waste is being transported at present to a common waste disposal facility located at Amasranga, Sundargarh. We direct that the said dumpsite shall comply with the directions required in the siting criteria for such dumpsite as per Schedule I of the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016. The dumpsite shall be provided with a surrounding boundary wall as per rules.
27. We further direct that till complete remediation of the legacy waste at the present dumpsite of 51,476 MT is achieved the present dumpsite shall be secured by a boundary wall construction of which will be completed within a period of two months.
28. Legacy waste dumpsites have resulted in huge damage to the environment and population in the vicinity of such dump sites who have suffered in safety, health and comfort. For compensating them for such damage, one third of land occupied by legacy dump sites (on reclamation) needs to be reserved for dense forest and in the process of afforestation, Campa Funds can be utilized in 17 accordance with the provisions of Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority Act, 2016 (CAMPA Act).
29. With the aforesaid directions, the Original Application No.116/2022/EZ is disposed of.
30. Interlocutory Applications, if any, stand disposed of accordingly.
31. There shall be no order as to costs.
.....................................
B. Amit Sthalekar, JM ....................................
Prof. A. Senthil Vel, EM March 23, 2023 Original Application No.116/2022/EZ MN 18