Rajasthan High Court - Jodhpur
Union Of India And Ors vs M/S Dhrulin Excavation And Contractor, ... on 1 February, 2023
Author: Madan Gopal Vyas
Bench: Madan Gopal Vyas
[2022/RJJD/030433]
HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE FOR RAJASTHAN AT
JODHPUR
S.B. Civil Misc. Appeal No. 1115/2015
1. Union of India through Chief Engineer (Project)
Chetak, Headquarter Chetak Project, Bikaner.
2. Commander, 759 BRITF (GREF), P.O. Box No.1, Post
SADA, Goa-403804
3. Superintending Engineer, Staff Officer Grade0I
(Work), Chetak Project, Bikaner.
----Appellant
Versus
1. M/s. Dhrulin Excavation and Contractor, Construction
Pvt. Ltd., 12, Comunidade Ghor, Angod, Mapusa,
Goa-403507
2. B.B. Lal, Chief Engineer, Sole Arbitrator, DDG (WP),
Main Office, Director General Border Road, Seema
Sadak Bhawan, Ring Road, Delhi Cent., New Delhi
110010
----Respondent
For Appellant(s) : Mr. Muktesh Maheshwari
For Respondent(s) : Mr. Anil Vyas with
Mr. Dharamveer Choudhary
HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE MADAN GOPAL VYAS
Judgment Date of Judgment: 01/02/2023 01- /kkjk 37 ek/;LFke~ ,oa lqyg vf/kfu;e] 1996 ¼ftls vkxs vf/kfu;e] 1996 ls lacksf/kr fd;k tk,xk½ ds v/khu ;g fofo/k nhokuh vihy vihykFkhZ foHkkx us fo}ku ftyk U;k;k/kh'k] chdkusj ds }kjk fofo/k nhokuh izdj.k la[;k 87@2013 ;wfu;u vkWQ bafM;k vkfn cuke eSllZ /kzqoyhu ,Dldsos'ku vkfn esa ikfjr vkns'k fnukad 31-03-2015 ds fo#) izLrqr dh gS] ftlds }kjk fo}ku ftyk U;k;k/kh'k us ;wfu;u vkWQ bafM;k vkfn o eSllZ /kqzoyhu ,Dldsos'ku ,aM dkaVªsDVj] daLVªD'ku izkbosV fyfeVsM (Downloaded on 11/11/2023 at 10:07:23 PM) [2022/RJJD/030433] (2 of 8) [CMA-1115/2015] ¼ftls vkxs /kzqoyhu ls lacksf/kr fd;k tk,xk½] nksuksa }kjk izLrqr izkFkZuk&i= varxZr /kkjk 34 vf/kfu;e] 1996 [kkfjt fd,A 02- bl vihy ds fuLrkj.k gsrq vihykFkhZ ;wfu;u vkWQ bafM;k }kjk /kkjk 34 vf/kfu;e] 1996 ds v/khu izLrqr izkFkZuk&i= ds laf{kIr esa rF; bl izdkj gSa fd izR;FkhZ la[;k 01 /kzqoyhu ds lkFk vihykFkhZ foHkkx us ,d djkj fnukad 31-10-2000 dks jk"Vªh; mPp ekxZ la[;k 17 ch xksok ds fdyksehVj 5 o 7 ds e/; esa 95457 lh;w,e dk ,Dldsos'ku dk dk;Z 04 ekg dh vof/k esa 54-45@&#i;s izfr D;wfcd ehVj dh nj ls izfrfnu 800 D;wfcd ehVj ds fglkc ls iw.kZ djus dk fd;kA ysfdu izR;FkhZ la[;k 01 /kqzoyhu us mDr dk;Z pkj ekg dh le;kof/k esa o NwV iznRr djus ds ckotwn fnukad 15-07-2002 rd iw.kZ ugha fd;k] ftl ij foHkkx us mls dbZ ckj uksfVl fn,A izR;FkhZ /kzqoyhu us dksbZ #fp iznf'kZr ugha dh rks foHkkx us vius Lrj ij izR;FkhZ /kzqoyhu dh fjLd ,oa dksLV ij vU; Bsdsnkj ls dk;Z iw.kZ djok fy;k] rc izR;FkhZ la[;k 01 /kzqoyhu us izR;FkhZ la[;k 02 fo}ku e/;LFk ds le{k Dyse is'k fd;k] ftldks vihykFkhZ us fujLr djus gsrq fuosnu fd;kA ysfdu fo}ku e/;LFk us izR;FkhZ la[;k 01 ds Dyse dks Lohdkj djus esa ,di{kh; #fp iznf'kZr dh vkSj vokWMZ yksd uhfr o fof/k ds foijhr ikfjr fd;kA vokWMZ diV vkSj Hkz"Vkpkj ls izHkkfor gS] ftls fujLr fd, tkus dk fuosnu fd;kA 03- izR;FkhZ la[;k 01 /kzqoyhu us tokc izLrqr dj O;Dr fd;k fd vokWMZ fof/kor] fu"i{krk o lk{; ij vk/kkfjr gS] blfy, vihykFkhZ foHkkx }kjk izLrqr izkFkZuk&i= [kkfjt fd, tkus dk fuosnu fd;kA 04- rRi'pkr~ fo}ku ftyk U;k;k/kh'k us mHk;i{kksa ds ;ksX; vf/koDrkx.k dh cgl lqudj] mi;qZDrkuqlkj vkns'k ikfjr fd,] ftlls O;fFkr gksdj vihykFkhZ foHkkx us ;g vihy izLrqr dh gSA 05- eSaus mHk;i{kksa ds ;ksX; vf/koDrkx.k dh cgl lquh] vfHkys[k ,oa vk{ksfir vkns'k dk voyksdu fd;kA 06- ;ksX; vf/koDrk vihykFkhZ foHkkx us nkSjkus cgl /kkjk 34 vf/kfu;e] 1996 ds izkFkZuk&i= esa of.kZr rF;ksa dh iqujko`fÙk djrs gq, rdZ fn;k fd iz'uxr Bsds dk dk;Z izR;FkhZ la[;k 01 /kzqoyhu dks pkj ekg dh (Downloaded on 11/11/2023 at 10:07:23 PM) [2022/RJJD/030433] (3 of 8) [CMA-1115/2015] vof/k esa iwjk djuk Fkk] ysfdu izR;FkhZ la[;k 01 us dk;Z fofgr le;kof/k esa iw.kZ ugha fd;k] ftl ij foHkkx us izR;FkhZ la[;k 01 /kzqoyhu dks dbZ ckj uksfVl Hkh fn,] ysfdu fQj Hkh Bsdsnkj us viuk dk;Z iw.kZ djus esa dksbZ #fp iznf'kZr ugha dh] rc foHkkx us vius Lrj ij fu;ekuqlkj izR;FkhZ Bsdsnkj dh fjLd o dksLV ij vU; Bsdsnkj ls dk;Z iw.kZ djok;kA Bsds ds djkj esa Þle;kof/kß lqlaxr ,oa djkj dk lkj gS rFkk le; ij dk;Z iw.kZ ugha djus ds izR;FkhZ Bsdsnkj us tks dkj.k izdV fd, gSa] os vlaxr gSA ;ksX; vf/koDrk vihykFkhZ us ;g Hkh rdZ fn;k fd fo}ku e/;LFk dh jk; fojks/kkHkklh gS] blfy, vokWMZ yksd uhfr ds fo#) gSA fo}ku e/;LFk us vfHkys[k ij miyC/k lk{; ij fopkj ugha fd;kA /kkjk 34 vf/kfu;e] 1996 ds v/khu izLrqr izkFkZuk&i= dk Hkh fo}ku ftyk U;k;k/kh'k us lgh o iw.kZ fofu'p; ugha fd;k] blfy, vk{ksfir vkns'k vikLr fd, tkus dk fuosnu fd;kA fodYi esa ;g Hkh fuosnu fd;k fd izdj.k iqu% lquokbZ gsrq fo}ku ftyk U;k;k/kh'k dks izfrizsf"kr fd;k tkosA 07- ;ksX; vf/koDrk izR;FkhZ us fo}ku ftyk U;k;k/kh'k }kjk ikfjr vk{ksfir vkns'k dk leFkZu djrs gq, ;g rdZ fn;k fd /kkjk 34 vf/kfu;e] 1996 ds izkFkZuk&i= esa rF; ds fcanqvksa dks pqukSrh ugha nh tk ldrh gSA fo}ku ftyk U;k;k/kh'k dks e/;LFkrk dk;Zokgh ds rF;ksa ls lacaf/kr fookfnr fcanqvksa ij fopkj djus dh vko';drk ugha gSA /kkjk 34 vf/kfu;e] 1996 ds rgr fo}ku ftyk U;k;k/kh'k dks lhfer 'kfDr;ka o {ks=kf/kdkj gksrk gSA vihykFkhZ foHkkx dk ekeyk /kkjk 34 vf/kfu;e] 1996 dh ifjf/k esa ugha vkrk gSA vr% ,slh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa vihy [kkfjt fd, tkus dk fuosnu fd;kA mUgksaus vius bu rdksZa dh iqf"V esa fuEufyf[kr uthjsa is'k dha] ftudk eSaus voyksdu fd;k %&
1. 1993 3 CCC 499 : Jai Krishan Paruthi Versus D.S. Punia
2. 2007 0 Supreme (SC) 1082 : Bharat Sewa Sansthan Versus U.P. Electronics Corporation Limited 08- eSaus mi;qZDr ijLij fojks/kh rdksZa ij fopkj fd;kA gLrxr izdj.k esa izR;FkhZ la[;k 01 ds vuqlkj Director General, Border Road Organisation us Hkkjr ljdkj esa lsokjr bl foHkkx ds eq[; vfHk;ark Jh (Downloaded on 11/11/2023 at 10:07:23 PM) [2022/RJJD/030433] (4 of 8) [CMA-1115/2015] ch- ch- yky dks e/;LFk fu;qDr fd;k FkkA ;ksX; vf/koDrk vihykFkhZ ds vuqlkj vokWMZ Hkkjr dh yksd uhfr ds fo#) gSA vf/kfu;e] 1996 dh /kkjk 34(2)(b)(ii) ds izko/kku Hkkjr dh yksd uhfr ls lacaf/kr gSa] tks fuEufyf[kr gSa %& "(ii) the arbitral award is in conflict with the public policy of India.
[Explanation 1.--For the avoidance of any doubt, it is clarified that an award is in conflict with the public policy of India, only if,--
(i) the making of the award was induced or affected by fraud or corruption or was in violation of section 75 or section 81; or
(ii) it is in contravention with the fundamental policy of Indian law; or
(iii) it is in conflict with the most basic notions of morality or justice.
Explanation 2.--For the avoidance of doubt, the test as to whether there is a contravention with the fundamental policy of Indian law shall not entail a review on the merits of the dispute.]"
09- tgka rd fo}ku e/;LFk }kjk ikfjr vokWMZ diV o Hkz"Vkpkj ls izHkkfor gksus dk iz'u gS] bl laca/k esa vihykFkhZ foHkkx us /kkjk 34 vf/kfu;e] 1996 ds izkFkZuk&i= ds iSjk la[;k 03 esa fuEufyf[kr vfHkopu vafdr fd, gSa %& Þ3- ---- fo}ku vkfczVªsVj us ftl izdkj ,sokMZ ikfjr fd;k gS mUgsa ,slk djus dk drbZ dkuwuh vf/kdkj gh ugha Fkk] mDr ,sokMZ fo'kq) :i ls Hkkjr dh yksd fufr ds fo:) Bsdsnkj vizkFkhZ ua- 1 ds izHkko esa vkdj ikfjr fd;k gS] vykok blds vkfczVªsVj egksn; ds le{k tks fo"k; oLrq mifLFkr Fkh] mlds fuiVkjs esa Hkh Li"V ;g n`f"Vxkspj gksrk gS fd mDr ,sokMZ diV o Hkz"Vkpkj ls mRizsfjr o izHkkfor gSA ---ß (Downloaded on 11/11/2023 at 10:07:23 PM) [2022/RJJD/030433] (5 of 8) [CMA-1115/2015] 10- bl izdkj vihykFkhZ us vius izkFkZuk&i= esa ;g vo'; vafdr fd;k gS fd vokWMZ diV ,oa Hkz"Vkpkj ls izHkkfor gS] ysfdu diV ,oa Hkz"Vkpkj ls lacaf/kr rkfRod rF;ksa ,oa fof'kf"V;ksa dks Li"Vr;k vfHkopuksa esa fofufnZ"V ugha fd;k gSA vokWMZ dk diV o Hkz"Vkpkj ls izHkkfor gksus ds dksbZ Li"V rF;] fooj.k o dkj.k izkFkZuk&i= esa vfHkopuksa ds :i esa vafdr ugha fd, gSaA iz'uxr vokWMZ fdl izdkj ls diV o Hkz"Vkpkj ls izHkkfor gS] ;g Li"V ugha fd;k x;k gSA vfHkopuksa esa dsoy ek= ;g vafdr djuk i;kZIr ugha gS fd iz'uxr vokWMZ diV o Hkz"Vkpkj ls izHkkfor gSA e/;LFk ds fo#) Hkz"Vkpkj laca/kh vk{ksi ,d xaHkhj izd`fr dk vk{ksi gSA e/;LFk Hkh vihykFkhZ foHkkx dk eq[; vfHk;ark Lrj dk vf/kdkjh gSA e/;LFk fdlh vU; foHkkx dk ;k ckgjh O;fDr Hkh ugha gSA ,slh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Li"V] fuf'pr ,oa ldkjkRed rF;ksa ds vHkko esa e/;LFk ds fo#) diV ,oa Hkz"Vkpkj laca/kh vkjksi vuqfpr o vfo'oluh; gSA fo}ku e/;LFk dh Findings dks ijLij fojks/kkHkklh gksuk crkdj iz'uxr vokWMZ dks yksd uhfr ds fo#) gksuk crk;k gSA ;fn ,d {k.k ds fy, vokWMZ dh Findings dks ijLij fojks/kkHkklh gksuk eku Hkh fy;k tk,] rc Hkh ,slh Findings dks yksd uhfr ds fo#) gksuk ugha dgk tk ldrk gSA 11- ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us MANU/SC/0439/1986 : Civil Appeals Nos. 4412 and 4413 of 1985 Central Inland Water Transport Corporation Limited and Ors. vs. Brojo Nath Ganguly and Ors. ds iSjk la[;k 96 esa yksd uhfr ds laca/k esa fuEuizdkj ls O;k[;k dh gS %& "95. The Indian Contract Act does not define the expression "public policy" or "opposed to public policy".
From the very nature of things, the expressions "public policy", "opposed to public policy" or "contrary to public policy" are incapable of precise definition. Public policy, however, is not the policy of a particular government. It connotes some matter which concerns the public good and the public interest. The concept of what is for the public good or in the public interest or what would be injurious or harmful to the public good or the public interest has varied from time to time. As new concepts take the place of old, transactions which were once (Downloaded on 11/11/2023 at 10:07:23 PM) [2022/RJJD/030433] (6 of 8) [CMA-1115/2015] considered against public policy are now being upheld by the courts and similarly where there has been a well-recognized head of public policy, the courts have not shirked from extending it to new transactions and changed circumstances and have at times not even flinched from inventing a new head of public policy. ..."
12- bl laca/k esa (2018) 12 SCC 471: HRD Corporation Versus Gail (India) Limited esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us iSjk la[;k 18 esa fuEufyf[kr fl)kar izfrikfnr fd;k gS %& "18. Shri Divan is right in drawing our attention to the fact that the 246th Law Commission Report brought in amendments to the Act narrowing the grounds of challenge co-terminus with seeing that independent, impartial and neutral arbitrators are appointed and that, therefore, we must be careful in preserving such independence, impartiality and neutrality of arbitrators.
In fact, the same Law Commission Report has amended Sections 28 and 34 so as to narrow grounds of challenge available under the Act. The judgment in ONGC v. Saw Pipes Ltd, (2003) 5 SCC 705, has been expressly done away with. So has the judgment in ONGC v. Western Geco International Ltd., (2014) 9 SCC 263. Both Sections 34 and 48 have been brought back to the position of law contained in Renusagar Power Plant Co. Ltd. v. General Electric Co., (1994) Supp (1) SCC 644, where "public policy" will now include only two of the three things set out therein, viz., "fundamental policy of Indian law" and "justice or morality". The ground relating to "the interest of India"
no longer obtains. "Fundamental policy of Indian law"
is now to be understood as laid down in Renusagar (supra). "Justice or morality" has been tightened and is now to be understood as meaning only basic notions of justice and morality i.e. such notions as would shock the conscience of the Court as understood in Associate Builders v. Delhi Development Authority, (2015) 3 SCC
49. Section 28(3) has also been amended to bring it in line with the judgment of this Court in Associate (Downloaded on 11/11/2023 at 10:07:23 PM) [2022/RJJD/030433] (7 of 8) [CMA-1115/2015] Builders (supra), making it clear that the construction of the terms of the contract is primarily for the arbitrator to decide unless it is found that such a construction is not a possible one."
13- /kkjk 34(2)(b)(ii) vf/kfu;e] 1996 esa vokWMZ dk Hkkjrh; yksd uhfr ds fo#) gksus esa diV ;k Hkkjrh; dkuwu dh ewyHkwr uhfr ds fo#) ;k uSfrdrk ;k U;k; ds ewyHkwr fl)karksa ds foijhr gksuk Hkh lfEefyr gS] ysfdu /kkjk 34(2)(b)(ii) vf/kfu;e] 1996 ds Li"Vhdj.k 1 esa tks rhu vk/kkj of.kZr fd, x, gSa] muesa ls fdlh Hkh vk/kkj ls iz'uxr vokWMZ xzflr gksuk n`f"Vxr ugha gksrk gSA izdj.k esa rduhdh iz'u varoZfyr gSA fo}ku e/;LFk eq[; vfHk;ark Lrj dk vihykFkhZ foHkkx dk gh vf/kdkjh gS] ftudks izdj.k esa varxZzLr rduhdh fcanqvksa dk c[kwch Kku gksuk LokHkkfod gSA bl izdkj iz'uxr vokWMZ] izdj.k esa varxZzLr rduhdh fo"k;ksa ds fo'ks"kK }kjk ikfjr fd;k x;k gS] blfy, iz'uxr vokWMZ dks fdlh Hkh izdkj ls vuqfpr ,oa voS/k gksuk ugha dgk tk ldrk gSA vf/kfu;e] 1996 dh /kkjk 34(2)(b)(ii) esa of.kZr Hkkjr dh yksd uhfr ls lacaf/kr izko/kku vkdf"kZr ugha gksrs gSaA dqy feykdj iz'uxr vokWMZ fdlh Hkh izdkj ls Hkkjr dh yksd uhfr ds fo#) ugha gSA 14- vihykFkhZ foHkkx us /kkjk 34 vf/kfu;e] 1996 ds izkFkZuk&i= ds iSjk la[;k 03 esa ;g Hkh vafdr fd;k gS fd iz'uxr vokWMZ ,di{kh; rkSj ij Bsdsnkj ds i{k esa tkjh djus esa fo}ku e/;LFk us viuh fo'ks"k #fp izdV dh gS] ysfdu iz'uxr vokWMZ ,di{kh; rkSj ij ikfjr djus dk rF; fcYdqy feF;k gSA fo}ku e/;LFk }kjk iz'uxr vokWMZ i{kdkjku~ dks lquokbZ dk leqfpr volj nsdj ikfjr fd;k x;k gSA bl laca/k esa fo}ku ftyk U;k;k/kh'k us vk{ksfir vkns'k ds iSjk la[;k 11 esa foospu fd;k gS] tks fcYdqy mfpr gSA iSjk la[;k 11 fuEuizdkj ls gS %& Þ11- bl ekeys esa tks iap fu;qDr fd;s x;s gSa mudk vokMZ izn'kZ&2 ch is'k fd;k gqvk gS] bl vokMZ dks ns[kus ls ;g Li"V gS fd iap ds }kjk nksuksa i{kksa dks viuh lk{; is'k djus o vius ,srjktkr is'k djus ds fy, iw.kZ volj fn;s x;s vkSj mlds ckn nksuksa i{kksa dh cgl lqudj ;g vokMZ ikfjr fd;k x;kAß (Downloaded on 11/11/2023 at 10:07:23 PM) [2022/RJJD/030433] (8 of 8) [CMA-1115/2015] 15- fo}ku ftyk U;k;k/kh'k us] izR;FkhZ }kjk e/;LFk ds le{k izLrqr lHkh Dyse ds ckjs esa] fo}ku e/;LFk us tks fu"d"kZ fn;k gS] ml laca/k esa izR;sd Dyse ds ckjs esa vk{ksfir vkns'k esa] tks foospu fd;k gS] og vfHkys[k ij miyC/k lkexzh] rF;ksa o ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds ifjizs{; esa ldkj.k] mfpr ,oa fof/klEer izrhr gksrk gSA 16- dqy feykdj fo}ku ftyk U;k;k/kh'k }kjk ikfjr vk{ksfir vkns'k mfpr ,oa fof/klEer izrhr gksrk gS] ftlesa gLr{ksi fd, tkus ds dksbZ i;kZIr vk/kkj ugha gSA vk{ksfir vkns'k fLFkj jgus ;ksX; gSA vihykFkhZ foHkkx }kjk izLrqr vihy cyghu o lkjghu gksus ls [kkfjt fd, tkus ;ksX; gSA 17- ifj.kker% foHkkx }kjk izLrqr vihy [kkfjt dh tkrh gS rFkk fo}ku ftyk U;k;k/kh'k] chdkusj ds }kjk fofo/k nhokuh izdj.k la[;k 87@2013 ;wfu;u vkWQ bafM;k vkfn cuke eSllZ /kzqoyhu ,Dldsos'ku vkfn esa ikfjr vkns'k fnukad 31-03-2015 dh iqf"V dh tkrh gSA 18- bl fu.kZ; dh izfr fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; dks 'kh?kz izsf"kr gksA (MADAN GOPAL VYAS),J 64-Rajendra/-
;g vkns'[email protected]; Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 348 (i) ds rgr Hkkjr ljdkj dh vf/klwpuk jkti= la[;k 1] fnuakd 2 tuojh 1999 ,oa jktLFkku jkti= fnukafdr 10-3-1971 ds rgr fgUnh Hkk"kk ds iz;ksx dkss izkf/kd`r fd, tkus ds ifj.kkeLo:i fgUnh Hkk"kk esa fy[kk;k x;kA (Downloaded on 11/11/2023 at 10:07:23 PM) Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)