Bombay High Court
Malki Singh vs Suresh Kumar Parmar on 29 November, 2019
Author: Bharati Dangre
Bench: Bharati Dangre
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IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY
CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.228 OF 1999
Shri Malki Singh .. Petitioner
Versus
1 Suresh Kumar Himatlal Parmar
R/o Vinod Villa, Room No.7,
Plot No.212, 10th Road, Khar(W)
Mumbai 400052.
2 State of Maharashtra .. Respondents
...
Mr. Natarajan Narayanswamy for the appellant.
Mr.Meghashyam Kochrekar I/b Mr.Mehul A. Rathod for
respondent no.1
Ms.Pallavi Dabholkar, APP for the State - respondent no.2.
CORAM: BHARATI DANGRE, J.
DATED : 29th NOVEMBER, 2019
JUDGMENT :-
1 Being aggrieved by the acquittal of Suresh Kumar Parmar, by the Addl. Chief Metropolitan Magistrate, Mumbai by judgment dated 18th December 1998, the Assistant Commissioner of Customs has preferred the present Appeal.
2 It is the case of the appellant that on 24th March 1996, officers of the Air Intelligence Unit-1, Sahar Airport, Tilak ::: Uploaded on - 13/12/2019 ::: Downloaded on - 25/04/2020 02:39:14 ::: 2/8 401 APPEAL 228 99 single.doc Mumbai intercepted two passengers by name Arvind Vyas (Accused No.1) and Shri Suresh Kumar Parmar (Accused No.2) while they were proceeding to board Emirates Flight No.501 from Bombay to Dubai. The passengers had completed their Immigration and custom formalities and on being questioned and interrogated the accused No.1 stated that he had inserted bundles containing foreign currencies inside his rectum and swollen capsules containing foreign currencies. He stated that he was accompanied by accused no.2 and he also admitted that he had concealed foreign currency in his hand bag. On search, the currencies were found to be concealed in 200 hollow metallic buttons which were stuck on 20 dresses. The accused no.1 volunteered to eject the foreign currency concealed in his rectum and swallowed by him in form of capsules. He ejected two bundles and 13 capsules which contained 65,000 Saudi Riyals, 31,000 UAE Dirhams and 4,500 Qatari Riyals. From his hand bag, 40,000 US$ were recovered. In his second attempt, he ejected 11 capsules from which 17500 UAE dirhams, 12,000 Saudi Riyals and 3,000 Qatari Riyals were recovered. The total recovery was equivalent to Rs.25,42,750/- Indian currency. The currency was recovered under a panchnama and it was alleged that it was an attempt to smuggle the said currency out of India and hence it was liable for confiscation under the Customs Act, 1962.
Tilak
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3 During the course of investigation, the statement of
the accused persons came to be recorded under Section 108 of the Customs Act. The accused No.1 admitted the carriage, concealment, recovery and possession of foreign currency under seizure. He stated that he received the currency from one person and it was to be handed over to his contact person in Dubai and he had undertaken the job for monetary consideration of Rs.7,000 and a free Air ticket. The statement of the accused no.2 also came to be recorded, where he admitted that out of the foreign currency under seizure Rs.12,000 were invested by him and the remaining was the money of some other person. He admitted that he had transpired to smuggle foreign currencies out of India and the ticket and visa for himself and the accused no.1 was arranged by the said person. He gave an admission that he was accompanying the accused no.1 Arvind Vyas to ensure the said delivery of foreign currencies at Dubai.
4. A complaint came to be lodged by the Assistant Commissioner of Customs (Airport) alleging that the passengers were carrying the currency without permission from the Reserve Bank of India for its export and this act was prohibited under Section 13(2) of the Foreign Exchange Regulations Act, 1973 read with notification dated 1st January 1994 issued by the RBI. The prohibition was imposed under Section 67 of the Foreign Exchange Regulations Act and it was deemed to be a prohibition Tilak ::: Uploaded on - 13/12/2019 ::: Downloaded on - 25/04/2020 02:39:14 ::: 4/8 401 APPEAL 228 99 single.doc under Section 11 of the Customs Act 1962. The complaint alleged that the accused persons knowingly indulged themselves into fraudulent evasion or attempted export of foreign currency in light of the prohibition imposed by Section 13(3) of FERA 1973 as well as under Section 135 of the Customs Act, 1962. The Addl. Chief Metropolitan Magistrate charged both the accused for fraudulent evasion or attempt at evasion of the prohibition of export of foreign currencies equivalent to Rs.25,42,750/- and thereby committed an offence punishable under Section 135(1)
(a) read with Section 135(1)(2) of the Customs Act 1962 and they were also charged with an offence punishable under Section 120B of the IPC.
5 The Commissioner of Customs, Mumbai in exercise of powers conferred under Section 137(1) of the Customs Act granted sanction to prosecute the accused persons.
In order to bring him the guilt of the accused, the appellant examined five witnesses including the Intelligence Officer Mr.Jenson Peter Colaco at the Sahara International Airport. The Superintendent of Customs was examined as PW No.2 along with one officer attached at the AIU office Airport as well as the Customs Officer B.N. Mishra. The accused cross- examined the witnesses and their statement under Section 313 came to be recorded where they took a stand of denial and alleged that they were falsely implicated. It is to be noted that the Tilak ::: Uploaded on - 13/12/2019 ::: Downloaded on - 25/04/2020 02:39:14 ::: 5/8 401 APPEAL 228 99 single.doc accused No.2 retracted his statement and it was alleged that the said statement was recorded under duress and that was not a valid statement. The accused strongly relied on their retracted statement and alleged that they were assaulted by the officers of the Investigating Agency and in fact the accused no.1 was also sent to St.George Hospital for medical examination.
6 On scanning through the oral as well as documentary evidence placed before the Addl. Chief Metropolitan Magistrate to establish the guilt of the accused, the learned Judge deciphered the case of Accused nos.1 and 2. As far as accused no.2 is concerned, he recorded that accused no.2 was prosecuted on the strength of so-called retracted confessional statement and further recorded that the seized foreign currency was found neither on the person of the said accused nor in his baggage, meaning thereby that no foreign currency is seized from him. The retracted confessional statement disclose that out of the seized currency, the amount of Rs.12,000/- was invested by him but there is absolutely no evidence on record to show that Rs.12,000/- were invested by him out of the seized foreign currency. On the ground that there was no any material corroborating the retracted confessional statement, the accused no.2 was not found to be liable for conviction. As far as the conspiracy under Section 120B of the IPC is concerned, the learned Magistrate held that there is no evidence tendered on record and the said charge is not Tilak ::: Uploaded on - 13/12/2019 ::: Downloaded on - 25/04/2020 02:39:14 ::: 6/8 401 APPEAL 228 99 single.doc established against any of the accused.
On the basis of the evidence brought on record against accused no.1, the accused no.1 was convicted under Section 135(1)(a)(ii) of the Customs Act and is sentenced to pay a fine of Rs.1,00,000/- in default to suffer S.I. for 6 months.
In support of the Appeal, the learned counsel submit that the approach of the Court below is perverse and the voluntary statement which came to be subsequently retracted was wrongfully kept out of purview and it is submitted that this statement was sufficient to convict the accused no.2.
7 Perused the impugned judgment, The Metropolitan Magistrate has considered the relevant facts brought before him in form of the prosecution witnesses, who had categorically deposed before the Court that the baggage of the accused no.2 was examined but nothing incriminating was found in the same. On perusal of deposition of PW 1 and PW 2, it has come on record that no incriminating material was found either on the person of the accused no.2 or from his baggage. The only material is sought to be relied upon is his statement recorded on 24 th March 1996 which is subsequently retracted. The Appeal is premised on the ground that the learned Chief Metropolitan Magistrate has failed to accord any weightage to the said statement wherein the accused has confessed that he had met one Gurmit Singh and he acted as a carrier for smuggling the foreign currency and he also agreed to Tilak ::: Uploaded on - 13/12/2019 ::: Downloaded on - 25/04/2020 02:39:14 ::: 7/8 401 APPEAL 228 99 single.doc accompany the accused no.1 who was to act as a carrier to ensure the safe delivery of the foreign currency at Dubai. He also admitted that he had given an amount of Rs.12 lakhs to Gurmit Singh on 16th March 1996 as his share for procurement of foreign currency being carried by the accused no.1. Apart from this statement, there is no material brought on record by the prosecution to implicate the accused no.2. It is not in dispute that the said statement made by accused no.2 was subsequently retracted. Perusal of confession statement of accused no.2 would disclose that there is no warning in the form of intimation contained therein that the statement is likely to be used against him, the intention being the possibility of coercion or inducement while recording the said statement is to be ruled out.
8 It is no doubt true that under Section 104 of the Customs Act 1962, the Customs Officer is vested with power to arrest if he has reason to believe that any person has committed an offence punishable under Section 135 or 135A of the Customs Act. Under Section 108 of the Customs Act, the Customs Officer is also vested with power to summon persons to give evidence and produce documents and all persons so summoned are bound to attend, on being summoned. The statement made to the Custom Officer is not hit by Section 25 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, the position of law being very well settled that the Custom Officers are not police officers and resultantly, a Tilak ::: Uploaded on - 13/12/2019 ::: Downloaded on - 25/04/2020 02:39:14 ::: 8/8 401 APPEAL 228 99 single.doc statement made to the Custom Officer is not hit by Section 25. At the same time, the position of a retracted confession is also well settled:- without any independent corroboration it cannot sustain a conviction and retracted confession may form basis of conviction without corroboration if it is found to be perfectly voluntary, true and trustworthy. The Court is duty bound to examine whether the statement referred to as a confessional statement meets the test of truthfulness and being voluntary in nature. In absence of any independent material brought on record by the appellant, the Chief Metropolitan Magistrate was perfectly justified in acquitting the accused no.2. In absence of any evidence corroborating the statement of the accused no.2 made before the Custom Officer on 24th March 1996 under Section 108 of the Customs Act, the statement in isolation do not warrant conviction, particularly when it is retracted with a plea of coercion.
9 Significant is to note that the acquittal of the accused no.2 is recorded by the Magistrate on 18 th December 1998 and the Appeal filed in the year 1999 is heard and being decided in the year 2019. Two decades have passed since the acquittal. Since no legal infirmity is to be found in the impugned judgment, the Appeal is dismissed.
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