Karnataka High Court
State By Sakaleshapura Rural Police ... vs Dharma @ Dharmesha S/O Byraiah on 5 October, 2012
Bench: N.Ananda, H.S.Kempanna
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Per N .Ananda .1
It S U i fuel hi apc ag it' ,Yiejuier n o
a quiual t rnpondcnt flit relu2ltei referred a ai cusec[) lot
offenn". purLi%liablr under %eettnrz% 302 & 10 1 IN.
2. In bricK the ease of pinsecution us follows.
ft t d i a sidcn of H' banaldDl Wage
situate within the $unsc&tlon of Sakalcshpura Rtual Police
Stata n. Kair ala nm i (strut dc eabed (lit rei iaftc r cferr 'cl
c cc at ' v s rafli 0111 bbmnabahli VIHagt. PW1-
Phannappa is her hu"band. The ec-ucct had borrowed a
ii t ) it i e t d cai
're i'fl r'sereiun derasci ns bw,in" LrId nbultm'; 'lit
'''ru ih' ' tI;%rCt h. 'it r' 1,3 ..M. .', . he Jsi -'-v ed. )ri
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ii n c tock pu M gold carthgb von y lit
decea%ect tin] cash ol Rs.2.000/ . which was kept in the kniat
. s nc o ci cd ar] I' pç i alt It , C.
Ilci ift - ccu ccl lilt (lie h te of deceu&d PW1 i&lio
had t4Ofl(, to aiazt Cdtllr rctLimed at 2 p.rzu. arid fotuid thai
door ol he hous ia partially opcned PW1 found dead
bod ol his wilt- 'th bleeding ln'urlt s in h's hnuse mci
informed th mattci to PWo Manluaath. PW
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alt lip i i hlollccStitlor mu dgcltir rfornaior
as per Ed'.:. which' was regisiert d ii' Cnnat so 5/2005 toy
at nffencc put ish i.bk ii Ida SCt lion 302 TI gamst
k w p so ic w IW Ut 01k V ne i
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acrused. The Iiwnmiiiatini! nit tries were sent It) Fnrcnsir
Scienc. Ltboi aI or on ornp1et wia of iiwe%I igat ion charc
heciac1LIed ndntth e. 'i'o P ' t t dclii x
3. On ixhaif of pinsrcinnn. PW i to PW i; were txarnhwd
and ic•uumcnt', as per F p i to F P24 wert rn'uked
and
maitrici objetis iere rn'triad is MO 1 to MO 11. The
lee ' ci ins 1k of c I I.
4 Thc 'as 91' prosrcution c ets iwni i x umsiantial
cllcuefllcIrs 'I' I ddecItikiei.Iof)
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III flje 'ritUal 1 4 acc u'e--cl jini _'r Li IliC it kiti I
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VI Rec.ovi. ry of a *.hopcr and n in pun on ut.
'uforinatwu 'alunterrc'd ti aecuced
UI Sewur' ci 'ich 01 burnt rlr,theq cit as.. itc.ed .n 1
b e
rnfozniatluii 'olunteered I, accii't-d
5 Before app ttI.tI loll of evidnet adduced by the
proctetulon. , i nececsary to ctate the settled principles of
ia n latinit tO npprenatinn 01 ev'de,wt- in a-t recunk
ip ,n ir umstar tial n idenc e.
6 In a dcc then icported in 2IXLQ (4.1 .1. 2C491 (fri rho a.'c
qf RwnesI. Bunt .t Ancnlvn Is zratc q Rqja.sihan the
Supicn' Cu tia' hclcl
t,re
1 -) fl4 a cn 1%
(tV ha' heie '
1' %qla civ ir
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and 01% tklt{ 19M3 Sc .i224). T3alwliidei Sin2h
State 1 Punjab (MR 19 SC 350) Ashol' '
TCumar ('lnttcrjec ' Sia'e nil 'U P •IR i989 SC
ih9O) e rue' usu' c' rca üu h at
inference at. 10 ilit guilt of the n rued is drawn
haie ft be pro'ed beyond reasonabic doubt and
ha' e he %hown tr' be iocelv connected with
In
la prmeipal fact ought ft be I itt red from
those circumstances in Eliapat Ram Sate of
Punjab (A'fl 1951. %( 621). it q' laid dtnzi that
-lit rc. lit case. -Ic pend' u or the ccnc lusio
dravi ii lioni clreumstancv'c the "uniu lative etfc-rt
i C 'nta u i ia. t
negative rhc' mncwerue ii the :tccL'%en! arid brine
e if K sl-r t ' iii in iris a h o lx
. c na ars makc 'i nf jew' to .t -'iJor of
ilii', C ut. r 1i F dd' t ci Qr S at
;Ih. J SC ( lictt it Li j% lire.!
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chaIn 01 evIdence Further the proved
in umsi n es must lx onsittent n1 iiii tilt
Iivpothesi" of the izulli ot the accused and iota11
ic i isieti nh u ii o ence
' 'ii Pathia e. ia Rt-dd> . -nate cf A P. md
Jr'. (AIR 1990 SC 79). ft wa laid down that
when a case tests upon circumstantial nidene
quh eddeuce must catislv t he fo1lo1n.g tests:
(9 th irci mstin from vh ii
tnference of guilt Is 'ought to b' drawn must be
0R( till ant f rml stabilt heca
L2) hose cwc imstar e shuli Ic I
lefLilte (endtnc urieinni$v no1ntin towards
'tut o lix 'ic ii
jrlj de t't 'L flstflrrc, takw_I. •i. i.ljjv..
holoor. bin . )mpknnhcei n
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1PM MCCC )( - WP TM SITIA PaIiT% -US 6
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aq i Ut JO iaaja . tiPpuuna ai pun paqs1qP1%a
gni uaaq a.wu ui punuj N isuw uodrt
pp S)' ;sw 13 ) aiji t ) IflO pquiid )STB
q pajdnae q i lu.! pa flJ3t np j snowj
14 auo atp -%a.'ILuaJuJ o.n Jo aqndea .qnuoeaJ
'i uo paqas a)uapnn aq jj pun auai a)
ILTUR ) IUTI 11) Jurgunji. i) LI U1jt4 q 1611W JJL)
jca.fl sap mu p4lUTOd '-nt if it(,f I 19i) tO6Tl
r.u'1-tw au.ur joq ' T .1 iii
P "iS S
aauac urn siq qp v
IU3I9sUO.)L1I aq PInoq% inq pa-ilae t'LJi JO lTIfi?
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nfcicncc of guilt the mculpatciy fact' nust &
lnr)mpatible ult
i the
1 innocence (It the a' tu%ed
anti ii ccti'able c 1 expl tnafl ut. upor am ot1it
orabk har th t of Ii w1t )
p 1 tn
II then he any reaonah1r thu 'hi of the guilt ol
the acc usc d lit Is milled as of right to be
acqutttc 1'
10 There is flu doubt that rotivicuon can be
b d 1 r nmstaial4idr'e it
should be tested by the touch-stone of law
rdating to ircumstantlal etden e lad down by
I. ti a tad'- ,Ia 9S1
ii In ilanunmani (rrnlnd Nargundkar and Anr
t oVill at ,1 P I
iti1 in 1t wac ubsentci thus.
r 'veil 'c ren'cmbe that ii. tases bert.
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.ir(.IinI4.iaIit4 fpm !jftt
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ehaui uf evidener o Ia numb te a i cu to
ant reasonable grounu Fm a erniel 151(111
olIsIsteti! 110th lie i000t enre of th arc used
tnd must bc or I xs to shon that bin ci
htunan pi obahihtv the act must ha e bc c n donc
by the accused
1 2. A reference ruav he made to a later decision
iii hat ad Birdhiehrnd Sardi. v State of
Mahat shi a (\TTI 981 St 1(221 lhet a
while deahng xx ith mt umsiantial cx idenee it
Itas been held thai on u was on tin prmeeutioe
to prom that the cltan is omplete itd the
xlii 01 t na i nio e ton a x)t e
ur d Ia IcIer r pe The ditio
pm edn u the vomds ol this 'cju' betot e
'0111 1('im]l (mIld be based n oh cuntstaruia
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Id he I Liv estabh ed TIm ,
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00(1 Ii C t IS (lIc hon e In
os!;tl31cIcc-ri i]r Ldi H11stta r' fl a
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(3) the rirruinstanc es should be nt
cv'iicluslt' nature and tcndenn:
11) th s bauM ex luck cnn po siN
hyootliesl' e'tccpt the one to be prove& and
.) tbcre must be a ham il cudence 6)
:omplete is not to leave any xeasonable gyound
I flit on luslor eonsstt r witi thc nnc en e
cftht. a eu& I and mu I show that u all h imar
probability the art must have ben done by the
7 En i decision repnru-cl in 411? 2UW SC 106L' (in the Cast
t
o ci J a Pdu q'slzi 0 Sq n c
1la. uric,.
- A e" F r to t mc nc wI
fl t( C ilk d an fir I' n
.tswjlsjitad i)_ ihe r[ji nitil Pincirj 'I i""
t on ta ab tj
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Ihe Marheniatn s ot Proof Ii alanvilk Williams
C rininaI Law Review 1 979 hr Sn eel and
Maawtil 1
a 40 (342)1
[he slrHpie mull cpln iitioa niP dees fl(t
appix 4 the cj)arate l es of e idenee are
depend' nt 9
v entc ne dependent xxhnn 11w>
tend In occur together, and [tie evidence of such
erents may also be said ro be dependent In a
rnni r ase, different nae I x dcr cc
directed to estahhshing that the defendant did
the prohibited at with the specified stile of
I 1 ru rt erual1> uepciidtni \ timo may Re
doubt xv1ethei io credit an alleged r'nllfeQsion.
a id d )ubr 'bed ci r ink. gnilt fro i th Ia
1 11 dekr dat 11c fror lus i e lint net
is 3eIieralk cuilt> arhcr their aaiocet people
V 0 i kc in! ioi a I "o 1 x thit ti,
4 ho n ax h 0 ih
'ire em h" w Itc1PIed oLedle: the eie alec'
rid cc at ii' iii ih
t' tic e, .( tIn 1 1'ac m C
1;
a Ire h xi mm I' Ia
a ft a ax 4 lix Ira r
crr:tui ;e))'ei a aa ['' 'e
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of the accused persons arising from the
eidenre. or from th lack of it, ts opp sed to
mere vague apprehensiori A reasonable doubt
s not an maginarv trhiai r merely possible
doubi but lair doubt htsecl upon reason and
common sense It must grow out of the iidne
in the cise.
O. The concepts of probabi1ity and the degrees
of it. c annot ob iou sly he xpressed in terms of
units to be mathematically enumerated as to
how many of such units mistitute proof hey nd
reasonable doubt. Ibere is an unmistakable
sublfctue element in the evaluation of the
degrees of probaNli and the quantum of prooL
Forensic probability must. in the last analvsis
rest on a robust common sense and, ultimatU
on hc ri ned inuuti us f the Judg. ik the
protection gien )3 ihc crintinal precess to the
accused ner is not 10 he e kd h sa w
tim uninformed lfgnhinlzatIou of trP iJ1ties
ild nk a a c ke 1 dininis ral n of
urn i al iuslw 'this pe'nti in ilien n aittigh
taed oy Vukata iahah as I o c p
I ii s) n SI & e of I P v Kt 1
shna C opal
LlS(4)S'C l)2t
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14
8 Befor' appreciatmrz evidcne adchv"d by pie cutlon
'ii proof ol tilt abo'i r £ 'irctilii%t uat'es. it i' nrc C%%U to Mate
that the W'tile%%e% e\jiplllrtt hr the nrc'sec't Ion. 'neiiid1ni
theiiusbaxd fdccc.ased(PW )harmapa)didn t canny
r dge r ill viii again',' liv c"ised. Ibm have nt sprung
tram am tainted source.
9 In 'a Orelsloii reported in AIR 1Q53 SC 364 Un the ewe
o )alip Su'qh ani otters s The talc. J F gab tic
premcCornha lid
A witnes% is nnnDaflv considered to be
independent unless he oi site rn Inas from
sour ts whirl' are likely 'o be tainted and U a
us 1 me tat 1 ti ess F
ci iii 1 t 1
input im 1.s.
10 hi a rtrd%1o'. npoi red ii' .JR lull S( IJbN ii; i¼ cc's..
cs! 1' ' )g it ., H Si'ii '€1 Cv ), I'. j(
(a I
11L J %IL
Situ1' r .'KI ) ', .r.'t.t.i, .'.j' %.% t
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ft is m t u5ai to bear in rinnd tlit- abo e settft d
inriples of law ft appre a1 Cl idein ii io ution m
nrso)t of lollowinp H1rcurnsl31icet,
1. Homicidal death of Kamalamma:
11 - rhe iminjeidal death of Kainalanima around 1 3t) pan.,
on 12 01 2005 in her house his not been erious1v
r overted. 11 xi len( of lnvc sugah ig Iii c relating
r c ut t el( tha I od md sno risp i r inahamar
iducted by mr ha n )t been ((i t 0 ertc d ihe (ont nt
St mortem ex r it ion i eport liii F s Ex P 14 and
tht ox idrn( e iven hr PWI U D .C K. I nr would i ox cal thax
!he drecat-d Pad sllfHrc l )I1OVOIILI ifli!iiit
- C xvod r aoom -3 . 2 x 0 cxi wt- 11w
soul 'noO;trc vuli '5 oiloc. .t iiv 'dto il1iU
s a t
bat II s na of ah 'i:I 2 i
BNcf on if
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ott I xii
16
4. Cut wound of about 5 cm x 2 cm x I em
over
the left side of the skull just below the ab
ove
rnjurt
5. Blackish btown discolouration of both the
knee joint.
Abrasion of about 3 x 1 cm on the rig
ht knee
joint. Abrasion of about 2 cm x 2 cm (cu
rved)
over the left knee joint
6 Cut u ound of about I en x 1 cm iver the fac
e
below the right lower lip
7 Cut wound of about 1 em x 1/2 cm over the
face near left side of the lower lip
S Abrasion of abor t 2 cm x 1 cm ovet tht rig
ht
elbow joint (hack)
9 Cit 1cut. htat b'c'cd wnund o' chop wo
unci
of about h 3 cm x 5 cm a 4 m o'er the front of
the necP w ti h t inderlying cv t tnjunr of the
ti achea ocopndguS and major blo
od v sS'i5
uguI ii 'cit. ciofidaflciicS) and niuscl and f
t
nd LtvdcraltLg t not clcr of the th:r ii
a,tlat 2 '
3 /L' ae.tnrac t ni 1)
10. Cu uotid of abou 4 m a 2 cii tic 1h
1 cia; c oa. .rca 1
ft ho .3
t n be ho v flit npt y
jn)
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PW1 • has ophwd that death was clue to haeniorrhagic
sho as st t of irJur IC thc major tiood essel and
had a (a. r 'a') i the n ck "id ti lnj te', I nid r'
dceast'd could be cau"ed till'. to :J%%j ut with t rhopper and
den pitce vi' Ic.h "id I cer ',ent hc.r for )prnlon xi
28.03.200b.
12 the lexic 'j r c t con overted tin' t micid ii cit it
A K riala ralnlcrhoi eat llcbbniahaili illagc
13 We h;n thr n idenc e at flV I Dl 'annappa the
nit I de atd pr to tune dcali l'%%l
Dhannappa lla% depoea: 01' the dare ol incident lie had
aone '. giea cattle it iC di) . ii. the dee' as ci lad sne ic
at ir - C e
j'taik •' hs t,ru
,
1 ,-- iii'. €b' J--,'%.'fl fici qfl •')1f! I
'.lit PW Iii •l:af hr' 'c I '
câ ci ho
1k. .2 d 4 ii cli qu at
_1%.f ri, Ifli TLia ) r.L' UK.' : nr
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to hi'. house and took PW5 to lu?. house: PW5 saw dead body
at lc.uiialamnia with bIci--dint tnlnries on her neck
Then-fort. ii. can salt lv lw field that homic'lclal dt ath of
Kamalamnia ia ak r p1 nound 1 $t) p.m., (alu C r)
on 12.01 2W ii bel tiou't t Hebbanahalil Village
II. Motive
15 PW )ha r apa le cd his uk dc amcd
wa di%u re h ilagcr sedlid o wd
uni 00 f ased: cit i a
demand r c r loan, there ii c
frequent qt I c eased and ac nl%ed
During io ra tn IW1 hrz nlwratcd tha
I '( cr'i' .1 r-i j
1
len. 4
i_ r.;:rt-' :a 'h:wej'j 1r.jr.,t at the r it-s
il 4'' ;rn4 slw v u.-'irg lilt tt,nr in ill --Ji-- r;a I k i' a
i'jt .f p.., 4'LO'V i-.. ,c. js i'jj ij, .jjfte •jfl !,j r--cfl;. rI lb.
-- sil.l.4. ft• t 'V
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4 IUIai% ':. • £11-; •_,:1 r'.I1rj•
lIt t n.Lf.t . jg .,..e" n.--r'' ' $'iri' ' T.f it Ci; 'n't;,
it Ii.- j-- : .-_'l' -- 1..1t
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fl 3% 1 • I t • t.i '4! -- itI '-.11 l1f '.
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bonocrs to upat the loin, the deccascd ustd to ibusc
burr wer ni mdcc ent lanwrn.e PW1 H is deposed that
arc-i-tn 'ad neilht-r 'air! intent not riliukal
As alreach stated. P' I did in t ha' any grudge ot
gzievanc.- against the accused. -'W I appears to be a
simpleton PW 1 was graflng cattle. It appear that dectased
wa he snagei of tin family.
I)urlng crns examination I PWI. nothing has been
h t d pm that I dan ridge i 11 sill against the
accused to laist-ly Implicate h1n A% tould be secii 'mm tenor
of oss ocuninatier ol I WI ie aefeuc 'las night u
esta )lish hal ckceas d had ctea.ecl 'nny t-r.enues anin.igst
her 'jcnion'ers x biu,.iliatln&r th'-m v-hene' er un t"mniitted
In £ 5%) 1 L
C PWU, 'rk: •Y,",n i,U up"-ed: tjjq '-"S is ' ',idcnr
I c ic 11 I ' C d
'j: tP a
f ifl'it'fl t ..rn''rd iii .1,. ci ' C •,fl cJ
flhiL,
1
ii W Y si' it c i • - a!
I
! fl
£- 1 i". C'% :'' "' '.4 NI. (-'.. B,
'.'
ji - 1 I •. • ,' -I •
20
was telling ('IV 13 thai he had borrowed a um ol Rs5A)OO/ -
from the dcc e iscd and dc e ist d itt, frcquentiv scolchng and
h'ur lnthi.. bin' nrl hc t C kied r Ica h a I ss'ni to
dot ea%eL
Du ing ra' aannnation, I W6 has adrnatcd that she
waq not mnrnng a hotel. PW6 has cIepcsecI that accused and
flVll used P, work in he house thtrrforc. -he had
rrc r dc mitts hr thcm
PWG is an independent i1tness PWb wa neithet
1riendl- iit' decesned :ior -.h'- fl4% inimkai with accused
WE ias h.p stc wha I lac heard roar tie ix ft
accuscd. in'niedjatelv ijetort tile iticident 1'erecq I bold
that )FOrCUUuil I i rv ci the not'ie
ti TF, t'rnec. fl1 I i'ig( h.a .i,lrl 'cc' idc..t'
addu 1
v ri flifl'-t-• .itioxi c' pr'e - the q',rne :iic h-any j
1 b ) C. I
..-r L
•( 1 iq •c --_ I 'r
J •T
Izc " -- ! es I I.: --. £ fl --
i'..a, ad ri- 'i 1 c-'- 'b .evc'ca. : 7 S
I • I
a
I
a
21
the borrower' Therefort. possibility of 'ome .flhe
r flff5flfl
cnnrnurting tin murder of deea%ed cannot be rukd out.
The ipproseh of lnm 'cl UI' I J .i'lgc ' lisp flhrtie'i'
Ibi learne I ir a hi Ige iiithoiit coxmidenng the eudence
adduced b' tha jIosactition has i c ph'] the ontenhon of
hc cit fenc c that the possibility of some othet penon
havink
committed the murder of the deerised cimiot he ruled
o it
111 his tcndi cistAc cined ju t pnjs tfljlp
8. In the disnission nade cupra. a aiM C narrated the
e.ivk'nce ni by PW6 l3 6 had no grudge or eiini u'
agaIn't tlw accusc 'I and %he is in i'lde[ endent witness.
then- ne r )
reasoil-, to %usp4'.t Iwt evidence The eviden 'e
i' 4V( rj tiin' il-i C rzi •.e_gj
iontd il i H
1° fir 'e x'-i -.''l uckt 1
.it A: i di °a .UUlf' 'Ic
I C% C I
a ' 'e ' ,
i ) e ' Ii i
I
ne- ilic c c.stu
• i ' I , I e '- r • , • 1 e,g •j Tj,j6 •i
I • . j ( 3 ' •
1
s t • l4 tea, .. -It • 7 '4 SI I. •, •_
I
) ti T *
t
)Ij I Ic 0 UI a it
U .d t-. p;zn.rv •'P 1° 41 II .).ri111 1
'd'-"k '
11.V iii ta) '1
fT 'e 10 ii 4 I(,i) :3(1 T 1.1.1 •'%jS. _1T •7T
I I )
:;uapnm aq nyu
pasuaaap jo asnoq aip uzojj Luau $upoiu coas sna
aaaid
aapooa pus addo,a q,,s pai. inc. OUj j
L PT I I' cJai(Ia [ WU par )t
jo pww jo a;v;s 4144 ItajIullul pjrtu i jo auapi a
9A1J uj
%noaaolxa ci -pn- pui pausra agc jo .pr
t
nddc aiuja iaqj
flJf)U1 at' iojaq t'))4 $10 atp W Lk4tTa
T
pabTtaav aqi uaas pcq OMA jap aAosd o; 301)11% co d am
I4 p'u;uivxa %t.fl 9AVI ;i s 9A54 JO aauap!a4 pasapsuoa seq
paupuxa sa qaIq* .10) aodand aqj Wujpunszapun
)flO14IT% abprp 'w; p)UW3J uj asnoq iatj iuwaa iagv
auo pl'q tn.;)e aqi JJ.)qh 1 aat'd atp wocnj ioT' mi'
P14 j upnp ( .pok n' svq gj a ta.np jo asuc ii aqi
wozj ssnatuoinj j' TC jo auelbI[ p' a;e ip 'a no )14
ieqi pii1o 9j%4 10 .nuap; J aqj PaR3P jo asriog
(I'
23
moving away 1mm 11w house of dereased: PW2 thought that
a used mu '1 e going somnhen the caller. around 3
pm, PW2 i inn abon the d uh ol de a 1 tiler ho (
on The loilot1nt ilay. when polk e ,sIted his house, he was
not In hi hot * three dais afici the ineicltnt. his sfatemxnt
sas recorded on the s'tme div during evening. PW2 had
Informed PWI that he had 'en the aectised walkIng near
the hon e I dccc. ned. noldirn., a iooden pkce and a
'kpper '\ had erileici edIrm ditaic I 0
fret and he ha's identified a "hopper as '%LO (' and a 'ooden
. e as M.O 7.
)i1ing cress eamiaaton rw. ha'. adnzjtitcl that sitS
• * £ "
i
tie' t
t4'-r' I nit I ; 'a!' 111" 1 nrr f',3 ' i-n
• hi 11Ll' Pe i"3ifl _.r4 'fl ,I1e -ii iCoi_t a
ti','Ist 1
A *
I a..
et' i,i 1. i % it' isti 'a'i. iid .1;tjSt)Ii
i
a
1 t ii ëc' th'.ui' e4 Ii' It r'- "It -a' t :itt' lit .mudei
t plc ,.s )r I Lii o
r
I
24
11 From the evidence 01 PW2 it is tie ir that he 1 not
i chard to the deL i'W2 did not beat ttde or iii will
gam-J 'he ic med 1 (al-ek in pheite 1)11 The a cd
inal Judge in -eadlnv this en etimsianet in isohtto i from
tiher in u1nstait n Iia% held that evidence ul I'W2 does not
mpire confident e
The learned t ounsel for ainuserl would submit that
thei e was dela ol three da s in z ecording th° satement of
pr
ii ler ection 1(31 Cr1 C
it i 4PCfl ir,nt tile •FOts e2flnhiiatit,n A 1s. iitnstiariiig
the mt in I r s4 dS 0 it eammea
:i-t ii." %rIearn Ullltei jr f
i-
1 'ee'o's 'i. 'lthç lit teca)rdmg
i e 'irens i e4 V2 C -- 4
' r ,ia tiler if nit Cii t n -- ' find
A i apl. u it
2' ii. eaitaci m tI for v,t1 'Oil t (1?
1
,.bn
id' '1t,fl% i•.t1 tlt'gP:Q j.t tit'.a a_ it Jt
1' 1 '4. I I
- -- a; -' • 'a '-- • • ,
7
i" i y p. jr.•r,
- .t -- • ' _.41 I)' t.a •r, £
•., c.
I- •"
25
23. It jq seen from tiw coIitnil'a 01 lir tnfonn.ation ihat
flV1 lodged first information at abnut 3 p.m. 'i 12.01.2005.
The contents of first niformation report nnrkc.rl a Ex.P.22
u mid fl i a] tEat distanc.b betvcc ii the piact of incidcnt. anci
Sakleshpti Rural Police Station (junsdietional police station)
is about 15 kilometer' PW1 must ha c left his F oust one
hon befort 5 pa I iodgc fist mfoxmatio a r r i
th' pohc e catation Thereforc P 1 ouk not ha c stated in
the lint. iniormatim what b.c had learnt from PW2 As already
'..raw4. the--c. ate no rra'gji's to 'u-pecI the tIc'eii 'c at
PW2. PW2
nnt inten %t'd 'ii he ot Ui c jqf "I j)roe( u'ton PW2
,1
a1 r'ihtng 1..) tadi in false. jti,phc.arjji d'e atswea. iac'rt-hre I
Id I N r o. Sc ir in ii rn..d ,iu in.. 1% d r_, aey ica. C
I
'C' C 'in'_ 'is ii 1 (in'
r't ,('' lj cr 'or
['it 1 -i hit
1 a da intl fli) .1. 1 1 KU I Ii
'".3' ' • i' q-n r l' .i ')I taa i biqu
I. 'al--'k •t•-- ' a ' ',- ' ci hvl" 'c'
: iu Fk.' • .
•e' ,.J-o Jtt.q'•'-- I". ... '.'i fl
'r .7 •g ' •'t' 4
q
'I
ta .•d.'sI. rD.I.
I
alive with the ceuscd. ilK prosecution had tsamlncd
PW2
1c ic w lbc r ic enic nt', 1 tht ac c usc d tnnnediau li beforc
lh ncident Tb' leaxntd trill duc I i )t Li drt ni h
puipose of cianunanon 01 r'W2 Tht kained trial Judg
e ha.
not 'ippreciated the nldcnce '.f PW2 iii p.nper perspec the
21. hi rc lation to this c'ircumstanc C it 1, ie 'essaty to n fe
toniden oIIWIRaJesl
2r flV4-Rajesh is a resideiir of Hebbanahalil Village PW4
has deposed - that lit knew tilt aecusec' and deceised in'
hc'use Is at c c'istancc of 300 a 350 feet from U e hc
ant of
PW1 ii t2.012005 a 120 3 n t'r IWI vs In
c • e t r isd vx 00 9 1 ) 1 I s F ) C
f
i
1 w lciac, .i1stic_44nsi _tc
it r t t t Icr i C ra't, ?
1' ni t • 'it
• e ii ci quu'clrng '1 1. _w n kn..,w h.'t 4
,14
W
'
.1PE
1 .
ii',. ifc.
'Jj s re . r ' I I I S I I t I I '
I t. C) tilt a
27
Dining ci oq •exammation by the learned Public
Pt ose turn P%i 4 1 as depo%ed hat lx annot rc member
ivhcther irused wis 'omit near the hon 'ci dc is"d PWI
'lid not hear the deceased demanding tn'c'i'sed o
t r repayment
of monn.
1)uring noss examination 1w the learned counsel br
aced PW4 has deposed: that the hout' 'if areu'ed was
situate behind hi'. house: he had seen the wrused rnrrnng
out 01 his house: his hoti.c is at 4 distanec S 350 feet from
i u. 11W : dc enieca ins a mone. I nder PW4 has
le it su,g s 1 1(1 i t t f q cit n ii ls
eliot nit 'ilir stin 3m deposel
' ie iv, rr I-i1i11. vjp
h t
•
q .• 1i ,.
v 1 t.
.'t-,'&.irrd Ip rs ml toing tilt 'ict'sc 'i dcc. '45r(j
'1 c . i • i 1 iei
'I t''1' LI 4'' 1' iii ie 'ii ci I •j 1 idn
..: I fl41.',V flfl i • I.,
' t' ''r- l.la C
e' '--'
28
26 The leariwd counsel foi accused wiving on a dccision
ut the Supreme ('nut. repoi ted in 2009 ('ilL J 999J (in the
msc' at Rwnesh Pinit & n
1 ' Us Suite t i?q,a'nhcuv would
'.ubrmt that ii a C4%C %quarel 'e%ting on 'lrrumstantlal
eiidence. th. rnfeitrn t ci sulit can be justified only hen all
tic, incriminating facts md ircumstancc arc found to Ix
in ornpatlblt itb hit irn tree of tic uscd i tiu 111
01 dfl) othu pei on
The ca ncd ounstl for accu ccl ould furthc submit
lit w -c%rnbkv% e sill. tL csnbl
ri°n.nces irc p sibl omit fa'ourblc,toth"' t S I 'i tc
lie .j-.
t LCt
' 'ri sorj 00 ' rr' ,
1
o
W slee
i aRc id't S'a a r I ti Si it
• srt ;" 4.
1%t.i (c% I ,sj. L .tn ri.: Ia"
I ._' 1' _h t -. ' ix te t n I--
.11 a'rirls '%d! 1' ti
-'9
(2) those ircumstln(e shot id he of a definite
tendency unerring poti und low irds nih ol liii
(3l the cm nnisiane iakcn enniulatively
should_fhrm a chain so ornpletc thai there is no
seape Ii orn the conclusion that within all
hum:ni prnbahilitv the 'Time X a conimil ted bt
he accused and none cIsc and
(4) the co cnnistanlial et IdE nec ifl nrder o
n ir in (On who rn st f cc nip] etc md
ncapahlc of explanation of any other hypothesis
than th
t of fit anilt of Inc ac us d md --itch
0
xidctct sho hi nt ml fit n s n nIh the
atnit nI the actusu d hm t shuti Ed he mnconsistcul
ii sn
(undcr'i&nq stzpplittd ', mc)
2c 'h- r 1
pit iufl 1 UI OFt
pOsy
ilSi t ytj ylI%Iclyrt 0 (yflje(iV( e H lilt rn1'TNanc( c
iti I -
-I P -i msiu t
fl I ft n Ifi to h l ,e 'Ft ±sf
11 itt O 11 Ifl t ifu t \&
A 'I
30
29. the learned 'oun%cl br accused irking Mi flu
judpnent it Ills court repoitt.d n 2003 3) KG R 1791 (In
the USE j Sndhara a Srzpoihi inlAn tf'r kc
c.
f
Kamataka) would si bind this circumstancc done cannot
it' id in lrre'I'tIhle conclusion 'hat. It 1% ac'. ticd and accused
alone had perx trated the crunc.
St hi tie ifore%tated decision this 'ir la iti I thi
rncr xistcncc 'f Ire )Y Ill-will )f accustd towards dcc cased
few Ln pnor to inn knt and mci c. rec.oi en' of ai tic les
without ic finite indicatio i to ecused ou d nit lndieatc.
•tn thing again%t act used and that di c"jn.staice alone will
'ict in tug Fn:ne guilt "f a' used .
)1 ae ac 'I fc_eilr
Ii 1
bx
s sir I ceio c. liurInçcs utin ic
lhc 6
n1 hq_ • rrtl,i.tatnc,c .ill _ij ..
' PIE ' t' !l."rtfia "abiIsr 2, flj) t k a . Pt
41
)I
t t-1cnrv he iii
31
V. Recovyf a pair ofgç ins of deceaed on the
information vo1unteeredyaccused:
31 It ' the as of pr scutio that t c s ci vt arrested
on 13 01 200 P\V I 6 Prakasl i Rathod t h ihen P S I if
SS i]ehpni 1k iC St ninil has dt pos( (i Lhat on
I 40 I 2005 the invesligatinp officer (C P I f Sakaleshpur
Riiai PoIicc Sta1ioi) had directed PW16 to trace the
accused. flit ri'dihic infnrmation. PWI 6 x isiled th hotts of
Rangaah (maternal uncle of acued) in Ranaatta Villagc at
330 am. On i5012003, PW16 ippreliended the accused iii
the ho is of aid Ranahh. PW16 prohn ci he a cuseci
b Die H i nest'a in. flimr (C PT) r SakleshpIL Rural
i n t i n I ) 200. I \ 3 ii mitfe'
I pr i I
Di niut iU cxartiaiin1i H I esn
PA I th hf lJJ u I ir tn L J [T( Iyari miii
p Io H
r
iI i 1 15 P ci Ic
) Ic 1
ft I
C)
I I ii I
32
jurisdictional niaulctrate I hat he ii:u1 heei i illegally del
ained
u\ iiU fli1L e. \\1ier tim accttsecl xva xamined under
c'ctiou 313 C uP C in reply m qtmslion 110. 16 vheh claws
to his wre'-t at 3.30 a.rn op 15012005 from the
house of
maternal uncle 1 accused nameR Ranuaiah ni Ranagatta
\aliage has pleaded his ipnoranee Therefore, evidence of
PWI6 n p rof of arrest (f accused frou th louse of his
milcinal in h Rangai th at 3 30 .m i 1 0 .2005 loes
not uffer tr in any discrepan y
The accustd oluutecrrd knforma ion. tile admissible
e I rk ar pohu 0 n same na ocn lnarAed as
1-2 h i mc or n s,su 0 afurL
i It I I P, ' I P n 13 , f
Ii it i lh r a 0 i tc I i t a i
ict u,rd 1h H Hut 1 P '- iten ii k d F P P it H
t (T d Hi H' 2 0 ,
1
a ii a u ii' p ai ci
U
L -
;
•'( a -laza I I
1 1
-
let I I oih
33
Constable came there and wok them to police station.
accusal was in polict. tatlon: accused produrecl a pawn
tic]' iron i'cP t PW3 likcI I e 'an d fo 1 1 that
a pan ol tai rings i ere pk dged and sign ture 01 accused was
found on Ex.1'.3. The receipt was issued b3 Mm uthi I'awn
Broker: eaninQs were pledeed on 11.01 2005. receIpt was
suciurde mahvar sot I Pt
33. The aldence I PW9 HS.Mogappa is more or le'
similar to the evidence ol PW3. PW9 has deposed:- that on
1 200 wien W & 1W werc ar Pestvr Bu
SI d a p hc con t Jc c theic id too uiii johu
%tation accucd a' silting in the pohct- ',tU'oii. accused
vol na' il fonne fiat I i id plc ed j 1% ti at - v%ed
fl f C IC
I, j.u.rn 'jckrt udrkc I :% Ex P 4 j(c I1%.j 9i
o:''t ' _nr .'r'i : -i i• i e ' :•l --h"" •a-- p :i--
c d ap ic .1 wr ia
'b )) L I
I
I
I
I
34 PW12 H M Shnleridra th. then Cirde Inspector of
Poine of Sakleshpui Rio al Pod Station his deposed thai
or 1 3 01 9(11)5 he I oak p 101 ilter nx est1uat1o frorn PS'
Rathod PW 1 2 risik d the pla c of incident arid Field inquest
on droP nou'. on 150i 2005. PWitdRathod PSI, and otlur police
constables apprehended the accused and produced him
before P\ 12 alonp vith rep)rt as per p 19: PWI2
:iriested the accused and rec orded his voIuitarv statement:
r ned lrnte ii nftrn t n tat h nonld rodict a
elloppe nd a wooden pie e and also ash ot hioodsraincd
do ties i ceus I and Ix mtld shoxn Flu pawn broker shot
win c he had iedgc I a pair if earnns 01 deceased 1 lie
ar nsed r
1 odu d wan at •r'krr ix P 2. I'i he prurent c 'A
a 3 ° r n
tnarn1 jc AS 1) 4
ft i P (
E3 )I1,1 ; a-i toO IatiO(I ''u'tt r --d
a J at a )' I so iv
1 ', A' 1 ''r' P ''1 a r it oco-- 1' Ic. on:
I
35
3 'flit orosecutior has rcanuntd W8 Rakshapal Kumar
to prove- that 'In 13 01 20115 an ijq had pledged a pah of
nold tairings m tue pawn broker hop Mm uthi Piwi'
Br ken ii Liclut.
PW8 has deposed: on 1301 2005 accused caine to his
thoç and pledged a pair of gold wring an I recta ed a sum
ot R%.650 '- Ex.P.3 is the pawn ticket issued by PW8. PW8
In iae he tie ignat it i Lx 3(b) d unatuic of
accus' d as E's.P 3(a). PWR has deposed; on 15 01.2005 at
ab u I n. a Police Ii eu inc police 'onstable had
brought ic act u%ed rc, ins. %li( p rljcv kac br
nigh; p tun
1
tichel inrked EU- 3: a. c-%keC PWS t. etarn a pali
LI t
j. LA P 1a ti Ic
t ''fl3S ditel 'e.-,fjz' rk' t mtrkcc'
j)a.ri t
1 a Fx P. S The
hi 14 a itt r ci iLl .1 'r
i•ett t. a tk'J .. t•%V4 h aC". : (.1 t'.it'
,.ey f' j.. h'. -'
'c",
•
all If '
r
Ill Ijt'
t a ' 1 Is ) I3i)
I
nJ -- .11
' I
'e Ie '
a It f r tip • ':. • n.
16
was marked q E'c.P. 13. flit' corresponding entry relating to
pledge nf a pait of gold can tugs under pawn ticket
as per
Ex p 3 wis lound it serial no 7800 lii' rt-lc it t t ntn'
pledge rcgistei as mirked as Ec p 1 3(2) The trial court
aftet i staInIng xerox copy of pact No.76 Ire k ant page of
pit die rcwstnl. rtlunied pledge register to PW8 PW8
ha
identified a pair of gold earnugs as M.O. 1. PWA haq dep
ned
that areusccl had plcdged a pair of gold earrings, (M.O.
1).
During cross-examination, attention of PW8 was
drawn to certain entries made In die reelpr book PWS his
deposed that :ecuqed had giver his name ant. .ddress
as
Dhaiinsli OP ' DL'itdiiJ• ci Ran igatta lllagt pvs lii',
flh[fl I nt )ItI 'M• )
"! " '7''l c I i.ae Cgi ç
1
k nd S i I en c si,, ' C I hit
1 n %n 1
JJc 'idr q tiFen.,ttc nfpclie Vs
lit flP11. I 4
SQ
1 f' .1 i,.a ec c. hail .1 •( ' ai itt hi slicj.
£4 '% lit sit I cJ hat GA )i("l'( I 1! 't nd --u'i iL
ra1i,c'l %J ) 1
I
37
.36. On earelul consideration of the content' ol pawn lieket
(Ex 1 3) aid °xttact of pledgc rcgister md ieinant entnes. I
fmittittlisc r ic iar nil Er ti rcguar tin 0
hitqjie PWS did 1101 have grudtc or grici an t
aiLalnst.
ac c.usecl. It IS lint established from tile evidenre 01 flY'S that
he had any obligation t, seck from police
37. lit Je med ai isel Icr a eused i'.rc tild subinji tha in
1w pawn ticket marktd as Ex 3•3 Ic ian° f ylcdgcr h
ciinwn a Dbarnieh. nn nI Piittalah of Roinghatt.-i Village
rhereiore. the 'ae of prr'svcution That aecused had pledged
p ii fgoldea nrg.s m Ci A ' .t no b :ic ejtec
8 In arc-icr U) .1' ('tp
T u
1 '
'
4 d c.uLnil%siGn. I bavc ti,Iie
I ( -- I
PWS 1 W9
V 'ii 1)1 c. it l'i 0' - a
tcj s r, :'e Sl;Iu"JL, r -
t
n --ta ' •i 1(1.
•sii"it*iI' ar t.j "( tr, ;Irr I'. P t1t.1)l
1 yc ii - .a ;
L
t I
I • I
Ft
3
contents of pawn ticket 1' ich relate to pledge of i pair of
eanmgs on 1$ 01.200'S
39. PW9 H S Mogappa 'Ia deposed' tint on 15.01 2005
vhei Pt 3 & PW3 tie at Sakalnnpur Bus bland, they were
taken to police qtation: arrLI%ed had produced a pan ticket
"is per Lx p 3: the police setzed the same under a mahazar as
pe F.x P.4.
40 NV' 2 H M Shallendni ila% deposed aix 'it z%e nirc ni a
'awr ticket from possession of ic used' 'icc used had 'ed
these wimcsse% to a piwn 'n oker shop' 'm production of
awr ticket E'. P 3) PV8 ouncr ot o nm broker hop
iclrnlitied the i' c'used t's the pc--so" w
i
t n had pledget' a pa'r
,( gnhl arnx4s a-- per M 1)
cs hi o pLneIt
i i ,. I ' kct 1 ft
11 cc ci harp' ,l,c 1'
t nh r it's no'i •isdvn
ti '
1 Ci -
S a' I 13
39
As a1ind ated. the nidenet of PVI8 i' supported bs
doc imentir idence In tilt tlfl imst2nces tilt only
nfr v' U it ' itt di vi I ti n n 1 01.' Of '5. accused
had pledged p'ur ol' gold earrings wIti' PWS under pnn
tlektt niarkcd as Ex.P.3 and received a um 4)1
Rs.6501-. Oii the infonnation olunteerrd 1w accused, a
Pail
of gc'lcI earrings (Mn 11 tcrc tecoct red from PWR at lilt
vtance of ic u%.ed
42 The Iranied counsel for accused referring to tile
evidenet of P I and the orttq of first infonria.Ion would
ilm helirt a manr ?Vi 'tnt laeQtlatl
a ct Is i .te&e ae nm hi
iduibd) xefrc C i euo F sitdaliedl
')L" 1 r' 't
V--fl CI t nf &cI
1
pa 'cU'1yl' I') 'tilT Ci 'it
i:j.1c.i .Uth the jflie
3 11 r'' )1fl e' •I it •,'ci
•
a' . 4iu : 1' ' u i" qu' 'a l't a
n t.. ',
z" ' •i ':1 t
''C c's...,-- ,a4 tt ' I e
ii ! •
' a ' A nt a ' a t' ,.
I
40
information against urikuowi i persons PW1
must have been
shock d and stunned alter seeint the dead
body of his wife
wiih r1't dint! in ra . PW1 s i rustji i Illagu and he was
grasing cattle In the oiieuinstancc if PWI had failed to
nottee missint! of a pair of gold cart ings from the person of
deceased heforr lint! information n as lodged
that cannot he
iound to dIsc redit ih eidence of reccvci of a pair af
t!old earrings of deceased on the information volunteer
ed h
icsed P'V I hos depised: when police held inqu
esi on
dead hod\ then were no nhc earrings in he ears ot
1-W a Marijunath has Uepised. w h ci he aw dad ho' x
I a P
a cc S a g ii I cis it I
man' reccI nnked a E P 2. ici in: a M ci m
of Injul cs. t! a Pt t!we ''as
t i ola P
e c t I I P (lead I :dx
i ci r
ii a in jut I P\\ 2
ci1iii bac. li din ml cia, ii
I,
4'
on the person of deceased: afier post inoiteni e'camlnatlon.
I tiev weif gti cii to PV 1
PWI I ts kpos & alan S to)' f H nidtnt
p 4u t. shovit d him a pall of gold eamng' an.) he identified
a
pin 01 gold ejj Ilng% a'. flit can msts ni dc CL ased. 'lher
elore.
there are no reaon to suspect the evidence of
PWI that a par of gold c irnngc 'vhlcli were 'c oi
cred at tht
ln%t nil 01 t 't us d. belt nged to the it ecascd and tlxv wen.
found niss r .z 4e lit iu idt it 'he p o culion from the
c' Idenc c at .bon *tnessc'. has prot ed that accu
sed had
pladged a pair ol gold earrirms of keeascd
IM.O. II with PWR.
Mu r itt am st ci ac'" wed In pta Suanuc of voluntary
sta riei m I byac.itd tel an
ji -(101
"I it tli'TF.' s I,ni s
I He lard il dig tit
.
ci t.
C I it -- • LU r L xl. tn '
.
'
1 at. 1 jill
.fl IL a I' p.s. n.. • di C a 1
d fl r-rnL u ii.
U tilt •T Ca siC 'it ''it 'A b% 14(11 t d It" I' I' 1
ti. liar
)I%j j%l• I j q
I C • r t ' k 'I £
t
. ft •1
42
'13. A could be 'een fron the e\iden( e of PW1 md
evidence of PW 12. ii the I im 2 i nine thei e was a black
oeal chain, a maneaha and a noc stud found on th
p rccn of Pectased PW1 has deposed that a pair of gold
cart ings were missing from the a
mrs o deceased In the
eth nnistan es. the learned trial Jndge was
not justified in
drawing an tnfbrent e that deceased was
not wemu$ a pair of
old ci cit g hefore she w& done to death. 'The
learned trial
Judge has failed to nohec posses'Jon of
i pair of gold
earrn'igs by it r med innncdh I eiy after the incident. In the
h, nec 01 i ix expl inahor offered arc u d it would lead
N
an infcrroc that r Nec altc c imintIing hi inure cr of
]ceIt"I oh' 2
'r
f
a" rojr
r L
f m of cIecaco
t6 b' jf urIsC1 i't '
i I sitljfli
rb, ilT',i'0( tO* '
t Hrc'r1 Ic. nrc
1 I
%3 I
I i p
, -
, , , i , ( pt I o d" iniit
-l kIII3t 'j,r
P i i
43
all the circumstances and it is not po%sIble to cull out one
circumstance for giving dulfereni meaning to ft. The conduct
of a 'usc is dem'n t P that 1 'tad btii V1fl
iddre ss to PWH u bile pk dging ipair of gold e wrings The
accused had gi cii iii, fathei\ name is Puttalah and name
of his village as Ranagatta This would be an additional
circumstance against the aec used.
48. The prnsecu lion has pro ed that accused was in ieceiit
posst ssioii of gold o' nanients of the deceased. The onl
mf relt tia oiid be drawn is that at ii ed aflir caismg
tie Jeath fde i.,clhad n 1 11 rn , N.
pe '.. n ci dcenstci
a
1 "ics tcidr2)iS( ' S a
case ; Crude in' sI 'vu 'tin ucs ira ia Ai'a, PC' xsr 9 '.' ,I
' P ' 1•a Su)-at r "UI :irp, ha Ii tPat ,.,'."cs--'rr .,f n4'j
i._ c''; 1 .1''. ;t--.'i h: (la-- •n. gi%'(; t•an 1
t
& 'ei a'tr tilt
1. S iifl4ctC (1511.1 if
1 !. ' •a'!'i ''i $1 id t • 'I ." I 1
r
) w'
') I • ''
a.
S
of a pair of gold cart ings of deceased. On
the same day,
aecuscd had ph dged the told earrings of dece
ased with PW8
The accu,ed had not olfere I my cxpInition
for coming ii
possession of 'i pan of gold earlings of dec"ascd. Th
anm iced has not pleaded that lw was an mn
o cut possessor
The etc re, the prosecution 1 ins established the
circumstance
that accusd ias in rccenr possession .)f
a pair of gold
earrings of deceased.
of
offence viz a chpper and a wooden piec
e marked as
MO,6 and M7 on the information vo1
unteçç4b
accused.
In hc a.sinn made supr I I ave n I rrtd r i II
hunwa tate rrcwi midc T
n a ia n ft p cen ol
In s id i ir C ll Cr
PVc \I I r I tin (
Ipc 1
n n: Ia a a e 1 P i ri' g nat
(T S I a I cal IL
i p i c
i
45
wooden picee and a ehopr from a bush n ar the lice. Phev
tere eize under a mahazar as per Fx P.
PW9 I I S Mo ippa 'i lepu ad at o cc u ry
h1ood.ianied hoppei and a bloodst wecI wooden piece
which were rniovud b cu'cd from a bush near a tree in
the coffee astafr of Siddaiah ot Ifebbanahalli vi11ae.
P\\r3an1ut1dappa has deposed thai
accused led the
inestiating Officer and panch witnesces lo coffee tate 01
Siddaiah of i lebbanahalli \ iIIa&e; aucused removed a
chopj i and a uooien piue from hush near 3 twa in a
offc t ic C a Lt s ,r op c a d o deri
I
P ft ai (Q c ur ccl mi a use I x nub t ha-
m '
r I tIc mu I
bet c r I a o c II I a n
tnt Ii r ii nu Inc i e V Iin II F I I IS II
-
3- 1
t1 1
it_ -, - ) (it
2 s I 1
46
The cross examination of PW3 & PW9 do c not re4eal that
the bad tnmiLy igain I ac 'used o Ialel implicate bun
(hr inestigiting Ofli'er In] c311 "ci PW3 & PW9 o '
r ,
re lovely ol nn inilnatlng articles pin su mt to the voluin wy
statement made lr ac u,ed Therefort I do not find 21W
inilimily in the evidence idduced by prosecution Thc
lm estigating OffIcer b Involving PW3 & 13W) is witnesses
Ioi ret oven of incrinunating iniclcs ins not 'ommitted ans
inezz'iiar'n 'r 4
liegalir.
3 iS PW9 & IS 12 ha deposed that accused led flit
n ... 1Latn% Cifi & fliS & W) to the off. estate of one
tO Stflcj)2 rn sic o Btlacodi ithrinr, Ro'in and
ii
• r 'I rt t • u
e nndar F .7 2
lh i.trn
1 iii J, C S I. ' fic I ç)l in g I c
I a C I 111 JOt
fl i•t i • .1 .
1
r
. t..
a t'f ft JF..C. '%s .'--JL' I tnt :
¶ jst .1 (I - '4
1 Izfl I iii t
4 •jr
flat ' I )'1 list .1 ' nit
'I • %a 'Ic!? 1.11 £ • C, • g I
,
47
opined that ash scm n him contain burnt cloth pieces I
also ccc from the rontent. ni Foreitsit Science Laboratory
tçcrttt I I ppe and '. xli cc. c it! i lit
inlormation vnluiiteercd by acvuc.cd were stained with blood.
Thc t ontents 01 the it ports of I rensic. Sc tenet Laboratory
would lend rorroboration to the evidence of PW3. PW9 &
PWI2 c.gardlng ecosen I Incnnunatmt ir'ides n the
information 'olunteeted by ac custd.
5, I asc set, Irou ec.ords that r 13(12006 flit
Investigating Offieei 1PW121 had sublected these
it air fir art le', i cpet i Ia )btalrcl
perndc%ioii L.f tht jtirn..du ilonal Magkira.t to retain the
i4 Wi derfflcdM.O'&M( lot ecu id
c1t'.ns"d Ilii irv li!t'.Z ia• IL I ."i'e 'Xh)_C Ibis
tic I'iit
LnJTiiif.. .. 'n''. S rpI'•t'ic •. 'V. iM:'-- wit! ht•
ft
L lit d 1 1 di
--' : '.lsr"_ ut" .t't it '.!'n (I
I'
48
56. As aireath stated. PWI was a simpleton and he was
grazing catik. PW I had not suspected the nivolvement of
accused when tint r'forn 'ition wa 1 ded as hi i P% I had
lodged first Information apanist unknrnin persons PW1 did
not have grudge agaln%t wcuscd Therefoit. 11w contention
of learned coniicel for accused that FY11 had given M.O.6 &
M 0., to police .o ialseli inplwate the u
1 x wed cannot be
iceepted
11w 'ir it d ma J idgt 1mb iu oronerli anpreciating
t' idence regarding reconrv ci ut ruminating ni lc, on the
Jntormaul',n volunteered bs aciused and without taking Iwo
consideration (h: c nn eats if . eports at Foren%L' S ien'
oat C II i rn fuel n roe
iIe.) t
%',"lr' Pry' • yr 1t•) 'h : e -
'1 .1 d rs 'ii t
lurid iii 1
t ut,k .. urnstaws A r"tn'rc si .4inp,nr and t
'Vi r a ar • ,,. •.. •ir.ir- s,i i! i ru .i
'1 liii ft 4 ul .2iflt
-- it I ) £
.zs.i'L . ; •i.(1
I
I
49
ft a dccision reported iii 2O11 c t 0' tlr the case
zt Inspect r of Police. rwnd czdu Vs John David) the
Supreme (tttifl has held
2 It is well settled propositio i I lay.
that the recovery of crime obleers oil the ba'ls of
information gli en by the accused provides a link
In the chain of circumstances Also failure to
explain mc of thc circumstances 'ould not be
fatal to the prosecution case and cumulative
cifec. of all hit cir'umstans ist Lx scen m
such c'ase
38 Thc learned c un ci mi arc USC 1 oud Ub nit ili i.
clectased d monet irnder she was colclln,i and abuin
or siln tic. set niiikm iefor'
p)5'b1lt I' in ot r
t cr u 'a n 1 n )) h
'dPi vi he n:jecj •u'.
)'tJ liI. %Ø,t,fl)it''flT. z ij'(tl V
1 •W' CL e 4
( hr F.. a%fl
t r PC ' 'iltri I ' fl .-rY 'S. s' th 'i
U % -- I ( '
if. 1 ii I
1' ' 1 ".'i r' t
50
(50 TInts to 5011] up. flit' prosecution has roved folloxvinti
ircumsmnces, beyond reasonable doubt -
the Ilorraci 1 1 de ti ci K thar na ai und 1 ant 0
1201 2005 in tier hnii'.e,
11 I fit a eused had motive to commit murder jf
Kamalannna.
11 Immediately beh e F i uden d thc F o tsr of PW6
inn Dsouza. accused had expressed his anguish
against the dent ased lot s oidin and hnnHIiarin him
0 ) repaving hr ar cIt e t
P the jCU5C'i wa near the hen5e ot deeetseJ hr fore
n Ic rd Vo o ii ny n
i as ,' de ascii icr 'he tneid ni
Itt it (a VISA (iiiid 3 cit n
1 i d
i I iI "'I ;4JI I U \ J i H.
S riig r 'Et i
1
I
'
I
51
in the pawn broker bbop run by PW8 For the purpost
of pledging a palx of gold c urings. ac 'used had
d' rUne
1 blinsell 's Dlnrmesh, wi 1 Puttaia'i il
Ranagatti Viflagc nth in intention t3 upprcss p'edge
of gnld eat rIng' o1 decew.ed by the accused with iS 8.
II On the nfonnatlon olunteead in itcused a
bloodstained thopper and a w 'oden piece were
rec vei ed by the hive tigadni. 0th er [lie said
chopper and wooden piecc wen lyliis. in thc house of
deeac'd betorr 1 he incident.
VIL 'flu. accused iftei he incidcnl hid no wrakd a
chcpper nd . vooderi nit a
iii 2 T
s r,li 'r rIHa c:,IIe.--
• t
cit I )c do
P:' i' ' :'ied ,thc, th. ; 'dci" Lw t mu' at' bi',nd
1 lb •
'i p
r j:J igt ''es qi'jr - R. ,
I
I "
P1 C Li '. .1 1 I
)1r j' • 1' -t :. :-- * 'C, ' V 4)- •' '-- -- . 'h 1.' . •
52
of the accused. Thee pr'ned circumstances are
'ii i mpatibk w th the gulli ol 'borne otix r person.
bi. In the discus',ion made supri i have referred to
"rrorn nu appreciation c f e idenc and t n oneous reasoning
adopted by the learned trial Judgc Therefore
the accused Is
held guilty of ollenees punishable trndei SCetIOfl%
302 & 404
IPC A' tht t ase does not fall within thc 'ategt ry of the
rare t of tire ises. ic used is sentenced to undergo
imprisonmc nt for life and pay tine of Rs ô.00
0/ 1w an
oftenre punishable tinder sectIon 302 IP( The a' used is
sentenccd t., undeigo simple nip i o irncn be
a perod it
-i ca nd 1
6 fi e
a f 3., '5 )0O, in default ' undergo
sunhsIe lLnTtil%OflTflCait f,t pert "I
' x t it" . n "t tl't I 1.
ofleit" tijjFii.L "rc
c
1 ' fl4 P(
--c"t"an rki'cc the
i hioirnv
Okl)t'
da ' u tc to' i It td it
ix ' aprit •t
ctc'Iastt ii (1 '
r" fo fin t ' 1. all I 'flit uhf a U Ii I
) F C .1.1., bltllor
l j %%t C ' t
- . .
1)1 C
ace..sccl is entenccd In un"krgo Imprisonment for ilk and
pay fine of R% 5.OOu/ - 1w an nikuce punishable under
section 302 ilk'. flit weuscd 1% sente iced u ndtrgc simple
irn i isonment for a pet icd 01 nix , eat and pa fine of
Rq5.000/ In default in un'Icrgc Inpir lnlpri%oiuhlcIlt fbi a.
penoci of three rnonth br an offence punishable under
satior 404 IN' Ihe nenod of detentior undergonc 1w
ac t sed during trial is nen set off as prcvlded undei
iaecflon 128 (r.T'.C. Office is directed to send back records
alorg ulth enpy f tith udgmert to hit ala) C' wt to
u l' usdrlnplmcr hsen i a msc I
thl'a judgine't
I
Per i
1
S.G' u$ih1. '
I I i 1
t I ) (tijit ii ' the ' at
'
3 4
).':" .1 , .r,.
't.O"T-- U' T ..ttJ. I
I
IF
I
i4
Tlit 'Mau Is in lppe3l challenging thc icqulttal
ii oiled 111 S C No ')1/2005
2. Thc case of thc State ic as follonv
Kannltmrna the den ased complainant Dharmtppa
P.W I eic the c'oupk. The were resldina at Ilebbanahalh
i illage. withm th limits of Sakleshpura Rural Police Station
While ,o. P.W - I)harmappa filed a complaint on 12 1.2005
with the Police. Tn the complamr. P W 1 narrates that tie
md hi. wile iw re residing in the house They have two male
hildrt at I Its arc iorktng a Andh a Iradesh in a
3ken On .. .2005'it 1 m h trout akrng us
tatl freri ç ' tu in . isif flagon. or<J
a I I 1 t ra; 1
h n a ' 4n
.
1 ..r I o i
'"n r a i ici ton ielnl..e ar
k s ton iIej i 'b.1
1 A sI 1 L
1
n C.
tI .11 'fI, 'C
1 ft
I 1 ) rn:1 F\
C' I I I
i 11.
I
55
• tatlon U 5.OOpm arid a FIR is per EtP 23 Is iCi tc the
%Iaglsti ate. The F IR has reached the MagI%t rate mi
J 12005 3t 110 n ' 1 i 1' 4- R I 1 ,ta kt
on 12.1 2003. he as ui-charge of tht. Police Station Then,
P.W. I has filed a romplalnl arid It Is registered hi Cnnie
No ,/2005 for lix oltencc punishable under Section 302 01
1W. 'tent the FIR js per E P23 10 the ('oun and also
informed Ui highc authorities in act un of tht olfi net
icing h nous he has lisui led ova di turtt i iw s igatlori
t., CPT. fhe their. CPI IT.M.Shauk"ndra N riamiritid us
W 2 .W 1 ii it oust )f This In estigatoi lattsafttr
I'aving taken up turtnu Investigation ol the ca e fron'
f
1
7
W rqj 3.s 2005 .; r i tn.. l't. teach'd in' so. fona
3 IC a • r
tfi( ,,res.aras_ ,i pqnr Lia.. ' t)iif!';tti' .JCji:L : 1
' r• ii .--
r wI r.f C liti LiJYJIT C' a In cd. Ii . ) 3' n '. UI'
flit 1 'li i '2 I - a C
15t I ih vc --rig ti''a ftC'. jttr 3.' I "LjIIf 'T
r. ii 1 I lxi 4arI fl .
'
1
L it ii 1 r 'ri -- ' ' •' .c
p
56
niahizar of La articles found oh the dead body, while
di awing maha ar as per Lx p i 8 It is the further c ase of I ht
Ilivesrjao t1n Officer that or J S I 2005 P XV. 1 6 has
prodm cd th utsed at a ni P XX 16 PSI has submitted
a report as per E\ P.10. He inreiiogared and ieeorded the
volunlar3 statement of the accused
3 It m the further cast ot the Investigating Offeer in the
xofurrtar statement the a usd is said to have stated of he
volunteering to produe a chopper MO.6 wooden piece
M 0.7, moTor cycle MO 11 used for 1h- offence, asIie- of
I olhe o cisor vh t vcr ti in an t d
T\iIcI' were pledged hr him. Sn, he nncitcted rt'CO\ en of
tin eat 'a d in e z as Lx
04
rIb
flit (('t[t La,tha MOoS a Ii it wrI w a setteul.
afrO o'an'1Ifl tha air-- Ii i-- --
1
H ii rtlu
a. 1 1 5 r a I I
at 0 blent dr tmrn di a I
ha LU tx HI
cr' .--'--, a r3 .PI:i ,',I
r 57
5. The preseilee of the accused is seenred 1w the learn
ed
Sessionc ludc Alit frarnirn of eharues the prosecution i
peiinitie to lead evidence P Ws I to 17 we examin d
Exs.P. 1 to P24 art markt d, \LOs i to II an marked. The
learned Sescion Jndce has recorded the state
ntein ol he
accused wider Section 3 13 ( r RU In reply 10 the ease of
the S1ate the aerused has slated that he has riot ommitted
am offence. explained that he is falsely mpheated, as
he has
refused to go to the t oohe work
E\IDLN(b
P \V. I 1
Dhar nia pa states hat the deceased
hamalamrna P hts a tie. hr a cons nf him rC rvoi king
at
Andha F rad sh lii rd hrs o 'f-' wnr residine in the ltottcn
a
It z'I'oaN St UsCit1 c - I J
a ni
ini 11, U iiinitfl\( t a
d1,0 kantciamt±a a ts :sstru, pan t iU
c inni On it h at f
t
1 iic I liFt ilit
41 5 in cin!i 'hun 1
n 11 I n rp;, nat, P In
al' cii pin 5r at ' at rn rS pr n I tO a indcr t a a.
P 51 -
4, 71i( I( lecs i} -t$4 5't
a. :i ,-' I, *-p
58
houst. found hi s1lè being murdered he has flird a
compiamt at the polK e station a per Ex.I'. 1. On the very
ainc nwhi the police hare icned the house. eli tin nest
(las pollee ha e rc corded mahazar. 11w ear studs and
a sum
of Rs 2,000/ which were with Kainaltunma were missing.
MIt r 2 to 3 days after the murder, the accused was brou
ght
to tin village In the ross txamlnatlon in stettes tint tin
iccused as bought from thc house of tin telattce'
of the
iccused i'he nr of K'imalamrna was cut (tt t&
:
1 q
t t..aj In cgard i. hi wife ia nç Rs 2 000 he states
at para 7 of the deposition that fin a considerable
period.
thc sum of Rs 2000, was lth his wife. %he was lendlnu ti.
h. publIc 101 inter' t ' 48'. pci tunum. She ii s c
1nt ii
ilsnsll( a'ui lRs4000t/ tc is SC CO A u e
icS )or)vcd Is. C.) / 1 * I iii 1 e z ii
,r r c tie ru. cer I- 1 1 to r ft ki. ' . vu mm
pcojAt his. •e.a. . a b'. z 'il.-- ;','crt . j))jj. e hi,
1
r
iici r nc.d 'tb if tjt( uhiSsifla '4 t¼ •z flU •. I rt
n Je'ieIlCl'
9 59
In the complaint ( a'Z\.E 3t. .: ruJ.n . t
-- a -- . . --
%Uat. b t'..r_ fl Ti 1
_tjs. ,,,• •
7 PS 2 - ILR Kumar '4atr about thc accused being
found In between 1.31) to 2.OOp ni. on 12.1.2005. was
moving along with a katti/chopper and a wooden piece
and
wa', in a hurry. Hr kit that lit' wtis moving somewhere
in
the cross-ecanilnatlon lit ',tates that the reputation of the
iccusd as ioz loubtmi n dxc village ttc, n
8 PM .3 4rpuidapp i states Tint he was called by tlu
'1
oilc'e t') a' 'l a i'aiwh. Tin poh 'e r €n c "c ncluc ted i
uiqut s
t ,vt: iii' ci. .ti hoji of Kamalamrni in i '3.. 2tjOi
tdentilh-% hi' Jgv it ire o:• 'hi un1u.st a... jvv I tP Ti
'1 i
r
Tr 'tint!' 'iii U ".1) 't. sr C"
1 'i'ji I t 1 3 '
( 1.1 1 0 it I
(I' ha ('I :flr' 2)j iLl '1'
I t pit
(I ) iliC .It rn C •
a. 60
receipt showing the pledge of the studs. tlic pawn
receipt
('(lflldjflCd the cignatuie 01 lIft' Ic('L1SC'(l and
also the name of
the hnp Ma'uthl Pawn Brokers. On 13 I 2005. the slud%
bring pled&!ed was lound in the said pawn receipt. it was
seized by the out by thawing a mahaw'ar. a per Ex.P.4. It
is also in hu lhrther evidence that the accused took
the
pollee panehas to the land of Siddaiah. ii wis
a coffee
plantaUn there as waste land in a portion of it the
iccused produced 'i - lub from the bushes near the (offet
plants "he hopper md th lub pu duced wen blood
staint d The police 'hi e s wed the same while dra ving a
mahanrt% r-FxP5 'deitilk tin chopper ndtlr lub
asMo b 1'" lt",xtl iti ste t P3tit
mph lv tlh at but i i *hile
i
t
u g,tt 'c . ti 'i
cn .1 fl. ji
Ii 'ii F9ttc
' n '
r i o ne I t .t e t '
ol t i e 1- i I. .i n I t i 'n .1 t p we tar
. Jriwtt .1 1
) IT1 tflfA'l'O'
(i v1 1' h ' , • •ic 7 Tiprafirt
4.
61
it is in the funlier staieninit of the witness that the accused
led them tc' Maruthi Pawn Brokers, said that he his pledged
nud'. the police have 'evc.d 'lit' iru Ipt book wInk thawing
ilk mahaiai as pci Fx.P 8 identifies the receipt as Receipt
nc' 7800(Ex I' SA), idendlies the '
1
rna
arha as per Ex P9. it Ii,
his turthei esidence the accused led them to tht house of
Puttaiah at I3ciagoiu nd Puttalah repal I a si n of Rs 2000/
mc] a' that ix gait] the po&t have recorded mahaar a' per
Lx p io 'nrc x. s r of thc vitness la hallenged contending
hat it has do' 1 nk nih th p.. Inc and that he s mvoived
na ) e t offei cc 41 pa a no. 2 ftc 'w'tnes states that
h cCUL,bd asked I it aat Is epa the ii- rc 1
a id thou
'. L stac( ,oli tat ..aeR 20() . Acmil ti
Ift'tcsi tat ks
1
is1u stEals 1
t
• als.Ctafl'
els. n rcga d ic tic n.ep N.ck mu cr1 a U TM urar,t
di€t •.n h tic .. TIC.) t r e 1' 'instIl 'rcl tr] 1
,tntr ..*r
flLcllcitll4 C I .1
• C. a .
1' Pa iti' '4 jt :' Ic aste
Ii .tr i3'>.t u I i i1 t1 . J,.at ,,p .., r--.--.I
I' ,f .
CIas 'a ,t.4;r '-- 4
t i t( 1s r --. ai
62
was ilso norking iii ihe land of the \\llnes, denies lhei
being ill u ill
9. 1 X\ 4 - Raiesh s1atts thai lie knew P XV, I cese I and
dec ist d Knrnaiarnrna. On 12 1 2003 at 12,oO p.m he was
neai his house and found the accused going in trout of
the
house of P XV. 1. There was high pitch talk As the house
of Karnalamrna was at a distance. he chd not knou
the
C onvorsation that has laken place. however found at
3 p m
people aving athenc1 near the house of Karnalanima
and
t this $ ae the wi nes s rested a hotl, denies of
na inn sten h de d ho] fKarndanirna sdm'ts that he do
k ou n oe u en "I om tiC q iae1 has tak n pIac
10 P 'V Mciiij 'h satcN 1 I
cr ' I 200a Kaisalamma
va rnu
1 nal ai p1i'ia 1nre- ad'I
rF h;.
a
I j, inc aia' Or p
P L Pa oL 1 i P e d
I i iai wPi€ 1 ! Ia 0
I. p
'1'
1 1. F .W 6 is Irene D'Scniza. She states that she
knows the
a 'eu sod aHd also one athee-ha a he jot it w a' C rniiie
to thou land lul aricuitural a livin Shr further stak c that
on 12 1 9OO at 1 45 a,rn the ae used and said \athish
hiouht '-dx es and requested her tc' prep
are omelette and
they sat in the house She states iurih. r that there was a
nilk in between th accused and \ athisha
Accused has said
to Yatish there wis demand fat repavnwnl of loan h
Kamalamma and that Karnalanuna should
bt taught a
frsson Al '1 p in., sh Learnt about th nuirdei of
Kamaiamr ta iii rits ii si e d kn u
at not o r hirh pla c
In r (n ton bet f ue a ic that the house 2
KamaIamna is at a 52 tara 2 2 kirs h i' ii ii h 's
ii'PU"ii$ t ( lr1l i( Iij 'apa \ogap and
\r i indafj
t 1 'd \mi I i i iS / t 2 1
r
) s X I I i K aaI r'a rd hat 1
n
s d hr ot
1
11
L
ai I i i nhl I
,_-'o 1- 2. tj
I
64
that lie has not ii Ad the polkr aT 'out tlic' raislnsi of the huui
by 1dm
19. P IV 8 - Rakshapal Kuniar 'lain ni running a pawn
1, rjn• , In the namc cui'l SI) It ol flu uthi Pawn Brokers. On
19 1 2005. the 1c'cw4ed hasing reached the shop
pledged
stud. Identifies the reecipt as per Fx P 3 sIgnature
of thc
itncss a' per E'c.I.3(b). acids that cuqcd was
brnught to
his shop on 15.1.2005 at I p a. learnt about the acc'u
"ed
havmg committed niurder lie has given the studs to the
pollet afftr icrlfiflnu lie p'twr reecIt denufic thi
cigna tie on tF mahanr m egr ' thc. eizurc A the
st .td a pt r Ex P a(b). Identila &. tae re eipt as pci Es.P.S
hi' sbanaturr fl% pr In.P 811* reftrs Ii bringinu thc Dledge
I
)flO a on IlK lat ./ tlv'n': a'sidc u c t ' n'arkc' as
xP '3 '[lx nnyi narket ' Si ( '
a
P $t. e I L' • Vt I plclçii,., ftc
..j,.' s J I a.tt• a drhc%.. .Ite1thIr. W& -.J% •I
)ç M t) I (I ii I' fl 'h' 'in" c 'U iii: il'nh' tat Ij '
•' test
t. U' 't a '
j ftat i. sU 1 'C
'I P c dl' 1 .'
.
0' 65
found in the yen same book, admits dial it being not
(aa' cited a' ptr the particulars iii the original receipt.
admits that rereipt 7.1? date 1% nhered admits thai tliae
ate c orrec (ions in the pltdge hook in regai d to the
date.
'idmits that lie ha' not secn the an u%ed cutlet, denies
that
the said pledge Is 1w one Dharrnanna. son of Putta
iah.
esldent 01 Ranagatta and lie idtntifies the an used at Ga
nstancc M (lit. pohct He has studiec upto Pt.. C. denies
that u has iot handed 'icr thc. stud
j4, p w 9 is 11 S Mogappa 'tate-s of krowing the a'cused
and gives vcr'4on sImilar o that of other panch e''unwed
F.W 3 Nanjtmd.ippa PV 10 i D.xtnr C K Urna %latc' ot
tofldlh thuR f iii. po.t mc" tern r• c' ii.b dt-4d 1'c.d' of
Karn iamb "i. V '4 :1 Tha'tiIiL' hr t tet In prnc I ')'
f nyni 'n he psvina. mt a - use.1 Rs 2.00w)? Ji ra' not
"I iV I dtri '.1st 01 t J I tin ' , tEals.I " ,% it
• ii 1
%
1 '
' c d
., i F) S C
66
FIR as per Ex,P 23. stales as die officer of Belur was in
ehat.ge. hr went ta Belur dud handed over the same. adjynts
that Bc list am c is tO knis and 'an I a rc I VHF iH a
[)H ol C I Itoni
lb P\k 14 is UK Fohec Constable nrho takes articLes to
Foiensic Science I ahoratory P W Ia i the Officer from
Forensic Science Laboratory who sperks about the
examination of the articles that were sent to lire 1 ab and
report is as per ExP24, P\\ 16 is the InvestigatinH Officer
whos irvetigat is is sir ady rcfe ci t sr pr r I W. 7 is
h Pitt (orstr ft wh no c t ist I hI Fe Ic dbody
alter cunduttiag lilt niqite t
I 'I' a -F i I t r SI
r M tI-an sz sribnv' I-he vd in o F V ri is ha us rn on
tire de can 3 s his 'ht i a d;s;fllteQI, hnilornnt.. lion in
re sslh I rc rrriticI ]e it .t t[± - C
5
4 t
his tiiii \l ( L i rd
1 toil t t t it
LI I k i' (t I! I te t Ij . ,
S 67
said day of her murder 11w %ald jewellerv and money that
was with tle dci caSnI as on the said day ol her muider is
tecoerecl at the Instance 1 the ac' uscJ ¼cr tidh lie
ac cused had a talk in the house 01 Ire tic IT Souza P.W.6
prlnr to the murder Irene fl'Souea has positiveb slated
befoie the Court that she heard the talk and that within fe
hours ot the said talk that iq the deeh'ratlon ot the accused
to commit the murder ol Kamalanima. the murdei
Is
'omnil ted Thirdly. it the instance of the a• 'eu'ed recovery
j% conducted by the Irnestlratinp Offlcei ieoeflng the ear
stud. monc beiongkig Kamaidnin a
to o the recrn ery
throw', light 3ncl supports the ast 01 tIle pnttiron. Th
k iruci rial J d eIr% 'c c r%'de e Ii . ' i pc s c
na )r'i rotL'itzhii ttiuid'h' .Ct
c a f
ir Ihe at irt .j _ ii 'rc q; i_ J ,',t r .fj '.'i I h'
•K. •.ru ,.A.r".l '.' if %rE n i' iiIv or 1
tpnr. n-tfln", s'esJ;'' :ij £ t.ljg. . . r, 1' .T.ihn i the
•It %t(i' ? '
'I P,.--rs n.sI ii K
•fl. .tt
--. lj a
• 4,
Is a't •w
68
be prmed. proved clrcumstancec should point out the guilt
of the w cused. Ihete should not he any explanation as
qUji', the cvidenrc placed hi the vrn't a' 1011 di) not fulfill
these two elemcnt% to be pro' ccl in a ease of rcwntantial
evidence. Ibough the murdci of Kamalamma is not
disputed the point at issue is not the murdei of
Kamalamma but the charge igainst he i' med of In
• ommitting the m .irder be proscc ition has placed iehanc t
on thc c Iden c of PW 1 In the 'omplaiit kdged b the
complain im P W 1 he k es iii t tate ibout tIn nat tire of
inJw-ln. P.M. "epult iefeient'e to the nature of Injunes that
are found on the peisc'n 01 Ksunalamrna. While so in the
'ow %P of evideni e RW I sin tcs hat tht car stud of
Karrr'Jannn %U cut 11 we ionlp&ue lit nidener ot the
2)octnt fciau.l in t.;e P 1. --eperi virlI tin ttrion ot l'Vt i
1. n I _j .S i_len r .1_a L tv' c h 4
at lt"jti
'It l'( '.it 1 ' . oat. in F-, €O(
'lc 1 j 'I aflt2flaL Ac,
iiii F' It A
-
1
( Ini t
i 1
I
I
69
a tranact1nii was there. It Is the case of P.W 1 that a sum of
Rs 2.000/ was there br a considerable time with
Katna.I imma whereas P.W 7 AnI' Kurnar 't t' that hr lids
paid the money borrowed horn Kamalaninn. a day earlier to
the murder of Kanialwnrna so the clrnunMancC through
whk.h the said evidence to prove the guilt of the aecusc d Is
not atleast eorroboratiw In the material particular There
is a listlnction betwetn the money biting found with
Kamalamina lot sc me time ar d nioncv lx mg m possc sslon of
KamaFamiri.a la>pr rtc then'rdc.i s hearillciaht 1
tlic 'dne f LW nd P.W1 is fr)babhrcd. So, thc
iidcneol tcsc itists mc bcbehtc. I cgarltc
i cc r , 1 i' et y tu- 1 c. I rtacctscl
i • . j . I. . t a r t. v 'r v
1 1. j% r t itni xl vt t c,1 I Irir S irt-.t )f lit
1 ' I ' I . ., _1o J t II. ii It •1. iS fl(
ptti " i ! _ii 1 --c •e lip ii .,e .ta" I
C)t_ c li.r' •.'ii hr r
1 I •. .i tv' V. I'i
; tl'_r ( ?1 I --t." .I-- •g ;
1
'eli :1 c j lv 1
tat 1 tilt
ti' a!
'. '•1 '
'' 1
r .
9 70
itself is in a doubtful ircumstante. if ieall the pawn ticket
bias in pnssc s'4on of the aceu%ed as t)Ia the date of arrest, the
at 'est parttc.i ilars shot ild ha' e refle...tecl "te puse%c.lovi ')t tin
pawn ticket. fin. fabric atloiv ciorit alibis qi ige. leaving apart
the nihet niaterial objects. the prostiutlon relies on reeover
of Rs2000/ winch is said to be paid b3 th. accused to his
relatlvc P.W Ii Putttuah 'ht reas. P.'W ii Futta,ah has
tot supported the case il (lit prosecution Sn. (lie renter)
relied In tht form f 'it tucl, of Kamalamma. money in a
umofNs2000/ said t itiihorios..e.sinivnot rotd.
19 In rcgard ii' the iecoven- c'f the 'lub chopper two
wheeler I roiremcd. a iutnes said to bane well the
Chopper avid the dub with the a' '-use'! Is eatnine'I n
1' W.2. I- W2 tfl lflt (It % c_tjtTrnLauc,n ithiuts that ,l.a
cc '",ed did not in' a :'n. had nhttrtclerl% •' he 1
mid p(7%Oi_ ID h s-,. it t '' I. •j. P ft". •el 'lit.
I btfl C t' '4 P9,) fl" vs--I .i En titc' ",i tt. Lilt " 1% I•
ifli 4.flC'l'l. i rre Vt. jil'cJ pUn iple ' • '"Dl( v'flz 1'
-- •tlt i''t.i',t'lt --Ct 1.' '1' •ISfl ny',.r.irj"e c.ftc'n *1
• --
• g.i. i • I, •
a, £ i .: ;,s t P'
0
71
should not generally ifiterlere with the reasoned acquiftal
)rdez '4) suppon% hit finding rt corded by the lear ned
Sesslnn Judge.
20 In ti llgh f th b v e ,ubnussions ic nitmuea the
material on record The point that irises for 'onsidentic'n
ire as under
(i 1 hether the prosec utton pr ye q that Kamalamma met
with a homicidal death?
In) Whethei the prosecution ptoes that on 12.1.2005 in
between 1.30 pm -n 2.00 p.m. at Hehbanahalli village
vuthin the I 1nit of akales1ipur Rural Pohr e 'tatlon the
acrused 1.1% %o'-nxrnttcd the n:iidea of Kanwiamma o'
.1%s.zultl')e 'ntl- hopp r rnd 1
-
u b and -
11
f) nabi. inc 1
uisc
a' n 1
rnUe' i .)jfrjfl ,'in- Fable i. rpj r tic it 302 .'1
''ia t
-n-ae r.
2Luflaaug op 01.1 4 K' r li It
3.0 nfl ''t1i fi! ntt,.i
3., )fAii lift I
( ti
a 7'
l.a
nine injunes found on Kamalainma Thc particulars of the
i ijuries re i folkw',
I Cm wound ol about IN 9 \a 1 - thc Ight n brow
blith %UdlfYlQ 4 die wadtrlviiig u%%Ile ni about
2x1 Ii
2 Blackish discoloration of right eye.
3. Cut wound of 7' nix 1cm o'er tile left side nt the skull (
panetal md occipital bone)
4. Cur wound of about 5 cm 2em 1cm over the left side
of thc. skull just below the abo'ie injury.
5 Blickish brown dii oiou 'ition if both knee join
i. Abrasion of about 8 'c 1cm on the rlizht knee joint.
Al, is in of aboit ...cn 2cm (timed) cn th 1 ft knet
joint.
6 i. at wound of about 1cm c inn ner the kt r belnu i'ie
g
('Ut ')t'1ø 't t
a intl I. fl 14 the 'p 1 '
' ":
flTt
•
side of the lctwrr i'p
1). 1',. h g h t
• 1'' ; 11 IL '''1 Tb •tf ..lc. (S •It .. •,
'j j t,j ii' Ut
1 4 et 'ire
rilmu. r t 't::• •:,l• •I p --"JI'4Z.( .2.1:1 •: ar:a b'h I ". . p.
;jr
e i?sJiJl 1')l .11l 1. C lfld ...
' in ft I ' I I oct 4
'let'
a
S.
73
10. Cut wound of about 4cm x 2cn oi er the left clavicultu
aiea about .3cm below the Injury no 9
flw oplnloii of the Ikwtor is as there is i t t nu' t the
najol blo d vcssel it ha resuhcd in death of Kam2lam
ma
certifies that it is a homicidal death No n idinc e is brought
u in the cross-exammation to disbelieve the version
of
flr.C' K.Uma. So the fmdinu of tht learned Sesslon%
.Jidge
that Kamalaninia met with a honundal duith It.
a proper
appre' Iatloii of the material n idenc e 'o point no 1 is
answered in fivour of U c pro cci ii' ii
fl.. Regarding pqipt pjjI): lit as r st% ii
r 'sa'iial 'dci c %nglt)nsc ry Ia'
dSac
Ii Ii ,.
i ni aso h dtien C )un%el. Ibe
t £'tt' io. Ii i t prot ia --adi tJ the Iicumcuuz e jj
lii'-' fliuiei cilnurstau( c' should po' it (ifl thy unit •f the
t" .ec' (n' ti.' fl' he flP.
: f !flbJ.) ('
'i" I tn V c i i-cl .. i r ts ii € Sc I
I I C C I i iia I
lii •1 ,'lt cs ii T
01
Il Ill '
- 1
Rjy
; .• 'L 41
74
State of Katnataka (Criminal Appeal No 415/2002 Decide
d
on 3 1 03 2009) hs held as follows:
e \ ersnn has. fli, dnubt pr Jul11 1(1 right
n If to be ma 1 ded of an oflenc t hich is not
estabhhed by the e id. iitial sLandat d ot proot
beyond rcasoinhle donhi Though this standard
is a liiher standard. then is, however, no
absolute standard What degree of probability
amounts 10 proof is an exercise particular to
each case. Re1errin to the interdependence of
eldenc and tht confirmation of one pie e of
cidence by another a karned iuthor says (ste
"The Mathematics of Proof 11"' Gianvihle Williams,
Crininal Law Peview 1979. by Sweet and
Maxaell p 30 (312)1
The simple r iultij Ii i () a le I e i
mph if the eparae iC( e at C\ 1 11cc arc
dpnJeot. lin COtS riej-eT t Git'r;
I v i t cu T hcr, i I Ic
su I x ent i a Is) I e said ic r Ic ci d i
in min-d dIllel ( 1 ' I IO
C
75
that the defendant fled from Justice. But since it
is generally guilty rather than inrncent people
who make confession.. and tullty zather than
at ount p op wh nit aa lu tco dcubt
are not on the eiidenct before it ma's reich its
own ron'1usion both on questIons of fact and ni
laC.
Thereafter. the Apex C ourt has held as follow
4 An 'appcllate 'ourt. hoistvcr. must beir in
mind mat in case f acquittal lhtre I ioubk
prnt mptlon in lavot. r V thc. ae use I Firsth
the presumption of innocence is available to him
under ihc fuvdamental principle of nminal
junsprudence that "ten' perser shE 11 be
presumea I) be .nncen unless ftc is picnvd
...iitv b. a c rp.ten Court of lat. Secondi).
I € cit i t h iir1. tie
I i 'i cnc i In r
rcu 1' re 4 rtibrncd ri enot rae'
3 ' Ue
.1. • ,i.aaiksai s Sa•. ( P irj.H
. . 'liii fl.j.i : J)p( ii
, 0 6.'_( '
1' ye 'nOk t) fl I dpr, :.irt na
o
76
19.It is settled legal pruposlUou that In
ncepilonal circumstances the .pI)ellate reun
undcr compelling Ii 'wn%taxice' shot ild 'eerse
he judgment of acq dUal ol tht Court belo ft
the findings so iccorded by the toun below are
found to be perverse. I.e.. the conclusions of the
C'oiift beloa an cornian to the evidence on
ecord or its entire appro ich in th sling with thc
tvldence is found to be patently illegal k.adlng c
inI arnage ol ju%tlre or its judgment Is
unreasonable based on erroneous lai and facts
on the record )f flu case. While dealing so thc
%ppe1ht (our iu t a Ix mind In
pre-aimptioi of limo 'crre of the iccused 'tnd
I .lrtlD. r that a quittal by the Court heicnt
I olsters We ,'resumptio.i of In Innot'ence. I ide:
1 V
b Sat C ) 1 2. .J: 1I
Rukla Fe ri
Others Vs St° ot Kr aalr t
121111 4S((.779J'
ii itt iftI t, .-1. t
_0'_ flh. th •'P fltl" '0
'ii ic ti-sr tiTi t T•C '%'(!( iJ S
13t 't _ ....ke.' ..
a
•
fl i. 1 t '1
23 C.IRCUMSTANCE& 1 i) • aC 1 L 11 t r t
I eli t
77
ijjecoveiy of rnonçy as that of deceased Kam
a1amm
To pr t this Cll( umsianee iiw State has pliced telianet on
th evaden of P XV 1 'tad P XV 7 In the o ire f e1dcnc( nf
I W. 1. he tates at paia 2 of th depotion that hs nile had
Rs.2000,' wiih her. She tva, keepinh money
the said in the
pIai a cn er and i he said eover was kept in the knot
of waist
of her salue In the ross-examinaiion at pant 7. 1- \V. I
states said sum of Rs2000/ was thr some time
ti h ms n ift h subst ntiat thi poession of
monet [H a uni of 1is 2,01)0/ with Karniiainnia, tht
proeel ition has pae ci the et idence
i elianee 1 11 of P XX' '7
'-
XV I in thu'aan of m idenue sm
1 e 'na 1 a 1 2 200 V he his
h 'r o\vet/ 't his ,O[)O/ tront < Sn Wtmrna Un
ilU' "(0 se I ai tfe ci sit dIs2 V )
V nshi i t I t Ic h ta Is
c ( i -
I t I i p e a I I I rn I '0 \ it te SIS t i(
ir a t d '7 ih ai n pro
irnt ni on' 0i1i, 'h
r
I '7 ,.
, - -'
I
I ' ' ' p ,
a I'iJ 'I \-
I
I
78
that he paid the said suna. dav pnui ti the murdet that lb
01 Ill 2003
24. The @ldtnrc lacks c usi ten 1 r I upt
' I
improbability rathcr than pros i. the nrcurnstancc.
Ihc
learned Author Justl( c I .L.Bhat in his book on App
reciation
of e Idenee in criminal caqes, refers to the principle at Best
while ipprerlatluta the evidenre. Quote of Best reads as
loliows:
there 1% a strong and marked diffe' nice as to
effect of evidence in civil and criminal
proceedkrns. In Uic los ma a mere
prepondera ice if probabthty d a. i gat d bc mg
had to the binder f )r3oI s is lh"ic.rt asl'
of de'islorr but in the Lrtei, especially wien tlit
clien 'e clia ted a nount; to tr.pon or leIo'n.
nnsh hiihc r .Iegret ft a,su' an• r r, rc qairt'a
inihc. it) 'cs'lcn j4 P'%.i 1
1
j9l%
K1 r€ a' icai JA.alai It) ic
I
str I ..
Ui ii ' rg
19srti O6C t 1 (O/i 't
1'' J I £1 t 1 ft
t I 11% '. I / pt ti 'ru
f )S
'. j V
• '.1'
I,
79
evidence in regard to the probability The version of P \V I
that ht fo md Rs 2 OOO - wi some time with Kamalamma is
cent radietoi to tIle vrsioe of P4V 7 that h
paid I s 200
i day prior the mui det of Komalamma Secondly the
ca of the prose titifln is lhat Kamalamma was a money
It nder. Fha being ',o, n hether a person (RW7), ho
has
borrowed sum of Rs 2000 t o fid pay Rs 2000/ alone
This crlleiai material found in the eviden
e pla( ed by Ih
1
prosecution belies the lheor\ of leidiiii of
the mone and
aisi finding of th ie o\cred montv as that of tht deceased
Kainalatmna. Sc, this cir uins1an a. relied is rejec
le-d
Theqe1 said to have taken pjace on
12L2OO5
isthenextcircumstance, To nyc his ir 'umstaia.e, ii
Stale hay p>ai 'd clian evelene
o the of P4 1 t W 4
di iil C 1. Ii (IC! to ho 01 1) 1 >0 01
) 0 -iS 1e0 iH H '1'5 1 cC i H H I
i Hll lnt pit [ I fill I H i It 1
t i
r a h t. I t raf on 0. 1 Icek
OH-i tit t s 'I i iireIl
i\t ilci I i II Hf -- I
80
to thy bai. ktidt of Ins tiouct. do not know betwevn sihi
'ni the
i,alata has taken place So. the circumstance intended to be
placed 3
h the pro%eciltlon thnt n
1 ahmt 12 50 p.m. on
12 1.2005. there was a quarrel between accused
and
Kamvlanmn is not proved b the Stale
1111. Cqny!pt sit jhc ..ca jp4 ci!
9cr [he evidenc - of
PW2isrelledbytheState. I W2statesthat heivienl c
the
ilIagc. Ilosakoppalu for his ork At about 1.30 or 2 p.m.
. he
returned back to ilebbanalialli for taking lunch.
Then lie
found the accused c arn-ing iht choppet / kaihi and
also a
uoodei pit' c. he wal. rnc' mg fast. In the cross-exanmiation.
tie adnuts 'hat. he did riot ime -mv suspicior Further.
'ersloirwgtio tipj. )fttt ILl) I r
i. 0 ..W s
tat 1 ( 1 ' 4
' 'C. I ('i .' ' 1.1 5 r •
.L :.s' z C th-
.
- ..
.- 5 i_pr CtilV p1e
ii Sec tU,r ' 4--. i t$ -'%Ie'i I t 1' 1' Ti ii '
aiau'
deli" I Li it ' 1 1(4. ti it 1 t r 1 i
I '' ' , -h' r S tciltt ',,,,
hit 1 1 1 ..'fl lvpi
k. lt .1
..t .pi I r .
i
_,_
ttr ; .
j2 'V
81
ljrou&lii out in ii ir (TOSS exanhinatinii ii iat I he aceti sed was a
reliable purson. In vien ci tHe same the Court holds that
the rersion 01 this ni1ncs Ink' truth r 3 1 i t b cud
a Ii ustworth to (onne( I kathi mci wooden
piece to th
accused. Sn, thi' iiounistance relied by the State is riot
proved
Iv PiL9ii ythe accused to teach a lesson to
Kamalamma: Time evidenet of P.W,6 Irene D'Souza is relied
b the StaH to prote tht r rcunrstance. Ii is the cast of
Irene iYSoua that she knxx the accused and also one
V t esha ( \V, 13 They were rornmg to arici iit mm work in
the land of P \ b On their request she prep ired omniettc
ii ccuse I lr' \ a ish Ii e e s ttni t u
t u i
a H e I ,c,u 3 t a F 1k ii \ s 3
in I c house di had talk aid sh aol !rara to 'o hf
ai4 i r ta ic a ,cd o h3in '1 tI at I .irn-!1ain [
a 3 Ia n' a 3 a n' a
82
In Haheeb Mohammad Vs. State of H4c
lerabad teported in
AIR 1934 SC '51. the Hon hk Apcx Cou
rt has held that it ic
il-it dun- of the prose 'iitic,n t t\aninc the t
rn
a c nal ,ntnec'
parneuiarlv. when no allegition h is bee
n made that if
produced he would not speak tlu ii uth
. 1 heir Lordships
hate also further held that. adverse infe
rence has tt be
drawn aganist the prosecuuon In Iev of
the Illustration to
zeclion 114(g) of the Evidence Act hi
the kutb 01 the east
without am L' iuse being shown h" the prosecution.
C ii.13
is tnt exunIiicd
Wh3 the prc sccutioi intends to hold bark
a wjtnec. the
wire irn%Uuwe or whi 'h t I itendul t tel emains
yr laii d. P es r' of threc isons bein, 4
narrate' out
(4 on. i-,c ng t'"i. ,1
ro
Ltl_ ,.i t lit' t'flr % ii l..i . .t..' I 'it
' i ressec ti-ut u-F Tfi -"1 k e 6 be aanuui 1 So t'c.
"iii" %% tb-it ' 1
cia si t it pn if o ' itt • ista e 1' 'it
'it ilL 11 I t t C liM tic I i
i i ',Vl r
pi..ntd vvh ,u - it' I-' '. C i' r
0
(
, . ViIfl cL
'Q,l t
)-a..a i,i h 4]ij
'
•, t'h 0 1
'I I • i I rjt
j
83
2 gçqoq Tht prosecution
v has placed relianc e on the
ondence of investigating Ofhcer - P.W 12 ilong with the
enderice j p W '3 \' ijundat pt, 9 H S Mogappa
P.Wr.12 claims on 15 1.2005 pci Raihoci (P W 16) has
producri hc art ust d at 5 a ni submitted report as per
Ex.P 13. In Ex.P. 1Q it i stated he along iith P.Cs. 148 225
vere directed tc trace cut the suspet
ft d the acc'u%ed
f'eCn' :j, the said 'uspeeted accused was Dha
rma
(arni rnfotmation that lie as staving in
the house ol his
lather in-law name1 Rangaiah that
is wife s t
a ther so at
3.30 a m. he nnt to the il1agc of the father
in law "anicl
Ranngaiah and tapped the d.un ot
Ranwuah while sc' a
ftc ra ne '. run 1Je's o he ilona. 'tb t
i
1 e stall coild
tpn:tlitnd but ant prnd•ILC at ' ii bef ire F . 12 It 's
in c d hat r hrejmn hcaordTiigaktlst
a.Idvd Ifle npn'' On 'to cbs. in'e tt( too 'ti 'ii ' ci .
a 1 c proc c
5
'r c f 1k I'(-'td.t,; 'Ilcu
EAi lb .uitsiw qjn ted :heae.' tMd hi iT otne' 4flflP
I I c r $ f I Un t. Inc a ri t i' "o 'c i'
;f'i,, ...: ' . F - I lIb 1 .01 ' t .1 %I P
V
84
cit cused 1ien lie anested him rnnalns uns
ubsmntlated
This assumt s slgnillcanct a' Pii 16 states
that at an odd
hournamel 33(h n r stirgth e
101 ii act edrcn
away horn the houce. Thereby. 11w police Intended to ghc
an impression ihat the accused va' on heels
a' he Is culprit
Has ing c om to a conclusion that h Is a culprit 'that
prevented the Invest1gw lag Officer from corn
p1 Ing with the
mandatoiv rcquirernentc of arrcst remains
unsubstantiated.
i i view if thc conduct of P.W. 16 found, the
C. ourt intends to
crnsidei the udenc t of P31i 12 - (TI. The C P1 contends that
after (lit pioduetlon ci tIn act u ed he his anestcd
the
aeued in rcgizd to the airiest. no cloeumera i' produced
0' rnaTk 'I th 'nigh tlu Tityts iga lug 0111cc Furihc r stat ii lt
StiLt Ft d'%Ia .'la1 c i ijeaau
ia't lhh ' ji'C. kt
(a'? Katlu
(11 1 ib
(ci pctr '2 itd 0 tk .1
%a' fl • .F' 'skais
pi 'u ,v' r Ii lit bSast Ii rl( t"cs u'v - I'n ti..ie
o tat .irit C I
t a 4
85
(0 Rs.20001
Thc letoir. hc claims that lie has ri c'ordccl the
volunta
%ratement ol the accusted as per I1!.P.20
25 flit 'idmissthle pm-lion marked in Ex P20 reads
on
giving an undertikirig to prodtu c the c hopp
er. club, place
when' he has burnt Ins clothes, he has give
n nionev to
Putialah in] that he will take back from I utta
lah and gisx
money he ill identify the pawn broker whtn he
has
pledued the srnds The last wordmu lIt the voluntary
'tqtcn cr1 'ad..
'r it enLd: Sz:tt- r' r
t. fl- lit) 4Gt -'crr 4ct ..;
'7" il)b., .c Z" &L,.', '9i'1
S . . a.
i si ma Ofic. 1€ mi hat ta the i reset a' of
D3 .3 atsj.ndapp I' I l)Opj a nib i i ' c
• ("iC' •j•i T[a
j'a'ti i•i ec i t' Fe ln 4111a k
)i( I ,iiin iii flC.,Ci1flC tl.h mahair
• •sr rijeit trI I'jf• i'( ' I let i rl El J lb
• ciu•esl. r ri :iLmi,axIi l• t ' ''tetth.II. p!*
I
86
of burning his cloflic % worn In him 'c but lit.
c ommitttd
rnurdei flue mone being collected from Puitaiah and the
tud% beIng rec'ntred it bj jisnn C so n acconfaatt sah
the 'c rsion of these 'Utnesses namely two pant
h sitncsses
and the Investigating omrcr. the Court has to
wad the
c' idern e of Puttalah P.W. li-pawn broker examined
as P V.8
Rakshapul Kumar So hew dr umsttnc e arc examined
to find out the proof of these cirrumstancts.
Pi ittaiali is
examined as I' W 1 1. p w ii state' that he has not given
any nonev much less Rs.2000' o he virnc os Is r ated as
I ost k. Lbt 'ast of the Stak Is suggested So. an
indept ii lent ye "non wild I s' tight to lx (orrobnrared 1mm
I WY 11 is n)1 tortli'onth g Ti 'epard reco'i
t bi) )I tit tic'
i' 'uc'r' it'' S LthC kc
.
4 ,zti •i Ii '
1' 6',')? lit letijt'fn, Ec P the seiziuc In tns." anti the
bcka'pcz Ta' i1
cbu:cisasIdw ru ti" tilt
':rttil r• 'si ir i r'p I'
,relicj iir.--gid' ftr'j'LiI t I' i' i IlieniL
'f'i it' 't'iits J
cr
1 'i t ' tui ittet--ti
'. I' I icti, f
4.
87
evidence ii there Is 'i doubt in regard to the book relied or
pin neeipt relied. Irnc 'ligating Officer had an
opportunity
to cnllec't the day to dew maintained dec njnis c
I tht. husthe s%
'stablishmtnt of P IV 8 '%ao such a idern e F colle
cted 1,3 the
Tnvestlgating Officu. ilicieb effoit i not made to collect
best evidenee &I a prudent men approach.
26. In addition to the abo • improbability casual
approach to tlu reeoery. P.W 13 examincd Is the Forensic
Science Laboratory officer of Forensic Science
Laboratory.
Bangaloic Ills ieport i' n arkei as Lx P24 the desniption
f in articles ii. the ieport as pci Fit P21 reads as blows.
0nc sealed plastk container said tn contarn aqh
of thc shirt aid pint burnt bL', 'h' a
c'ised
n.arke.l a Artir'k Nn 8 4 thc Iin'
estiati i
Off'c"o
w ('flail
1 flit reau' a (iaO"%%
a' nil c' •kl V (I( flii '(41
ties
'ii flLi'it jibe .flt'' ti)Cit '' L
1) • i_Il S. ' I Ic 1 1.11, •l tt 't
88
proied by sending the a'Ji br Foi
ensk Science Laboratol3
xanunaflon. hai is ietc ned to in the description is answer
it i' not wtu the cas' of the Irnsi1,atuig Offiecr
that tie had
matenal to slim' about conducting
of DNA test uth the ash
recovered by fiLm. In regard to
F x P.21 ii only states of the
finding 01 the moderate and t tcnsli ( blood on the clothes
toun4 on the deceased 'Jothliig prnented to conduct the
DNA to bind out the nexus between
the samples collected 1w
tin Tnt estigatinu Officcr In this situ
ation and in the facts oi
11w cjqe the ('o' it ha' to find out
the rrobahle a1L'e of the
re"o' ezy 'o acc ept it as a proved eirc
um'tance
i ii jtaIe 01 Mahwashtra Is Dhcirrnu Gop
tn.ui Sit, Je
rpc it d w ) Xi') C 11 J.2 310. 1 c ii in'bl
p' ('owi has
held a' tn1lc's b
4
[he br,w ei tribe' kd '*' s 1)iiLd ) it
principk ha. f n fact is I's'c,'er'J 'i' .
ci i; ii I I Tr9th )i aiA ii Pat' P
'I .1 liv! ô ;also sad
a' t .hs m i i.
uararte rhit Ib' nf'rmatcn U ',.h' v b 1
i
n ; i i it In --' TI .U't t i
)• ' )i (.11
'' Iill J4ti 3 1
r
89
It results in discove iv
nI a fact ft becomes
a
reliable intorniatioiC.
In this iullng the Ap
ex C owl has refeired
to the mo1
quoted authority unde
r SectIon 27 of the
Evidence Act.
Pulukun Kotaiaht Lmpe
rnr AIR 1947 PC 67.
healing 'tth
the very same sub jft t
m Aloknath Dutta Vs
State of West
Bengal In Appeal
(crimInal) No.867 86R/
2005 dated
12.12.2006. the Apex Co
urt has held as foIkvvL s:
The sc opt and ambit
of SectIon 27 of thc
E Idence Act wei e
Illununatlnglv %tated
In
Pulukun Kotraa '. Em
pcro. In the following
words. which hat Inc
nirn loc.ts cla"ic
us:(AIR
p.70. pant 10)
Ti ic ftilaclou% to
bc hut disenereI 'lthl
n
ht' 'e' ru'n as qulvak in
to thc ni,j." I pnrlured
t'it ía' t c lscMead cii,I'r es
4
t hc p a' e ficin
t
'v'uch tilt hje t i plc ciu
r dc iiU tri' wrowledgc..
1
Q ti'Q tLc'US(e d'
10 iii" at) 1 tfte iii)iur
th
rt i r,l i 'i' diuncuv ',
this a
jat
e.
i tPn n. ?'st 'sci -ui fnLsrl stoy
1 ii si ct prxlu cd ' i_ t iii t I i.
II' •r •i'• (eth&i)vtiI ii' I 0-i I
liI( flat .'i s
t
1
p '
u .
p '' i , Iv hi
'. kii!r ii'act 1 •
4,
4
90
house does not lead to the diM
nvc'ry at a knife
knives were dtsccnsed many
e irs ago. It leads
to the di' nen of the lad
that i knife is
oncealed In the houte of the
Informant to his
kncmkdge. and if the knife
Is prond to hate
been used in the commissIon
of the offrw e. the
fw t JIseo ered is yen' releva
nt But if to the
statement tht u ords be add
ed with which I
stabbed A these words are Ina
dmissible since
flay do not relate to the disco'
cn of the knife in
the house of the lnfor,nani.
So flit Court has t, find nit wheth
er the material ielk.d b3
h Jr Jtgatincz Oflic.cx would
fall ithin he arnbit of
9 Uoi 27 flit tntire 1nformation 1' XL 'orded In
tin
ohmtan tatment. it doe' not
place in n-atar ci t ni )
thai the ' is guaiai.tee ni
the cllscoers )l a fact. Sn ia
.tc 'sen Lid c. b ha m"stt
'it'on U%fl fails lii (lie ligi t S
ilL
t ahni.-- alidirlg!. L I nirl ii, i
tie it' ii is ancs hcc
: kei :eçt 'if
ii
't ' ni iec.ea--'d Kri nil ii: .
liii iN. :11: . r) ca tu I' c.. it p' ic ' I 2 )Oz, Ti f
t
'
1 Laa.
1 4 '$. C.. L
r
•
'I S
I
V
1'
/ 91
(lv) Declaration b
the iceused to 'e
ach a lesson to
Karnalamina and
jvj Recoven
ate not proved.
The suhmic.s,on of
I In It arm d Def
ence
flounsci Skin M
ohan Bhat is acce
plcd. The subnus
sion of
tIn learned Sla
te Publtt Pios
ec utoi Skin P M
.Nawa, is
rejected kite appe )%
al dismissed
a
ski
As pet the j'rI°mc ni rendeni. ci 3
t' 'ust'ce Sr
N.Ananda. w ippial ic a' tted Tht n ..t
nelJ Jam ii
bft'% ixen
t aside dit
as'u
t ','. p, jt'ftj
id
nit met untkr.t' i
p
1 rl- nm t fty 7"
n enc
rinlnt,ic ides 'gm. flts
•h jr
ir
'.
' t
s .
Iso
oIa H. n!sen,acr'I
uni Wrk
-' i.'i' F 1C fl
' 1
v rI'A f rra c :. r
', 1
..f fr pu ush n. dc
1 1r e in Vt
10-' 1ff
is
92
the judzament rendet cci In' .Jutiec Sn
As pci
ed judgrn. in does riot call lot
K Go vndarafulu the nnpugn
missed
nitcrlcrence and 11w ippeal Is dis
01 Judgcs of Gil'- Bench
In vicw of dffltrincc I plnion
opi nio ns sha ll be Pla ced before the I IoWble (Thiel
the ir
Justice for further orders in
accordance with %eciion 392
Cr.PS.
'V GE
II
93
Per Anand Byrareddy. i.
17-09-2012
OPINION
IN
CRIMINAL APPEAL No.1255 OP 2006
This appeal is placed before this Bench for its opinion in the
light of a divided opinion of two brother Judges, constituting a
Division Bench. who heard and decided the matter.
2. Heard the learned Additional State Public Prosecutor and
the learned Counsel appearing for the respondent.
3. The case of the prosecution was as under:
The respondent, who was the accused was a resident of
Hebbanahalli Village. Sakaleshpura Taluk. Kassan District. He is
said to have borrowed 5OO0/- from one Kamalamma. wife of
Dharmappa, who, along with her husband, was a resident of the same
village. It transpires that the accused had failed to repay the
S
It
tniount inspite of e' eni demands in thi regard. kanialamnia t 'aid
to ha'e ontanII> abused and ,nuIteti him in making her demand' It
' t alltgtd thu ht. & utd thus anitd 1
ud c am t
Kamiianinn ft is ,ss lut the' tllcged IhaL ma I -- 1 '005 hneen
0p.m. anti I .30p.in the act.usvd had ''sited kamalanimu 'iheit
I1
he as ilone at ho ri ml had pitLd ip a quairei . ah tin and he is
aid tot 'c hsiulttd Katnal.tmrn' nh a pie o S(Od n hcr h ad
as Ut Ii a' Uith a hnppei np he' 'teck houIdei and i 'thet pat ts 01 bet
id3 anti caused her ilcatli Therealte,. h had taken ai ia' the g.ild
ar nid. ilL sh w ann II si IZ (IN)! .i h
he a %aud u ha Ii ii in in' in a p1 su p teli kit neC u'
tile,,'. I )harmuppa. Kti" ti lamina's iltisi 'and. tkj% ii' ii' i : 1.. jilt the
c
1 .
atI i' k ni na ak:.i ut r a, i,. I ft a ' n d I. ii at
u .
• ' ii r ipd '1 . ad 'j) F :1 "a'. '•' 1" ! t •:
:'ilLi a', k itati •jfli-j r.• i, 'i Iin3t...Jh .;Iii .1k". %P
'
'ak.e rt. R i1 . Iii' •1 I
I I
I
Cnnit. \o.5. 2(W1 lot an f fence puni.hahle undci Section 3(12 of
thi. Iniian Penal ( 'de. IWo iI-Ieieinalttr iekiicd it a ' UK. IP(
lot hit 41t%) ip unsi unkncnn pet 'n . Th In' ti_it 1? )llit
f etcd thc.
aftei ha' mg .'ompl iw t. '.n 4 lot mahtk. . ci holdini di)
nq'ic%t %uhjn tins' the 'kad bath, ta j pa I n)otl m ex jmifl ii jan
and it. osdinu she statements of the itnesses at urested the
accused a' 'a I i I It is ulainrd that oi r Ii rmauon
rolunteesed In the accused t 'uld eai stud% bekinains' to
Kamalamina a cII a cash of Z2.IH)O' 'icre saul tji hay" hecit
reoered Ironi the :acu%ed ht the Ineti2dtflig ()fIita \pan
toni this tlw 'eapon' bed in the nnim''ion ol ilk- .lletitc ere
a'' ak' LI hj' "ce i ' " 4'v:rLI 'u ih nAn; mutt 'n ' 'Iunte;c'i
' 'IC it I'.. (I •Tli i -- .:it !. 't nf ' t I n..i ,. S. Ltr --
.11 '1 ct )fl flif C fit Ii IL ii i Il_it P. I1cU hcc.
ii it • t 'ii)' t
t dt
I i 'I' C I
U, - . I
The prosecution had 'anuntd 17 utnesse P 1 to
P" I -- :incl had got mu kcd do. urnent. F Utihits P 1 i' P 24 and
1atcrt.I ( )hwtt'. 'lOs. I in !1
4 The I nal (. ort liarned the 1N1o lug points for its
c'n'iaIeiJtk)Il nfl tli hak t
f tile allegation':
'I' hcthei the pioetUfloti TOC%
beyond any icasonahi doubt that
12 1 2005 at about I p in the ac used
coninutted tht muidet uI Karnalanima in
as'auiting rn her head ith a oodtn pit
and on ncr neil and shoulder with chopper.
ndth it thtae x 1
ni Ie"c '1
ig;ijduihl u;itie' ')C' tiL'1i i ' t'I
ii 1 :n. 1 ( di.
%' It tIt I 1
1 ntLIt'Q fl.''
I. S
'.I J l!) '. . .1.;. .11..
I I
i 1' (s '1 f - I 4 - u Pt
II 1 t l 'I 'I
I'.' II i.!.. .:' •. I'
cash U Rs 3 000 which wa in hu Saii
Knot and misappi opi iaied the aiit. and
•herein the accused ha'- ornrnitted an
U k.ix c. puni habit i. ndci S,c• ion 404 1
Indian Penal CndeT
The Ii ii (oun hid both Ia. points in thc nç'att4 and
i.cquitid the Its used It is thi% 'sljith I in hallene' I 1k
n esent appeal.
5 PW I the hush mci ci th dt.ceased K rnalai P1 wa h
ornplaflhIut cia'rding tc in complaint. m the lawful itt
had tatci' cattle nu' lot raitn at '.houi I I ..' in Lii' 's ii h 'ci
fcffl 1
i"lCt IL hi)TPL. i1
itcndip I'. hti fIs)U.Chi)Id thi'n arid whtii 1
si 1'' L ,*4 • L'hi.'13 ffl!Ik.-- 1K4i fit i'('Ll' t••
a in i U • Ix. l cc i ii. h u ii It ii ii .ci 't.
4 I Ii
ii '9 1 I I a. '.:t ti.i -
• . i,...
..
; ii j. -- Li I I
-- ': • i . ! '• ; '1 ' ' 'C
perfoi med the pot-mortein e\amiflaLifln. P\ 1(1. would re' cal
nultiple injuiles that 'ht had sulletid 'euIttng in het death. It
ia Is( 'si ihlish'd that tk mji it •
it ' ui.. I 'nih C4
likt a itoppu- and ponibI a voodcn piect this is the opiiiion
expiess•'d b P\N II) iheit. i
r
1 n di%pute in 1 iegud
tiii
The pio%ecution 54% alleged that the acuetl had a' inotne
in committing the homicidal dcath of Tcainalanima . bile pIaing
tIanconthetidence 1 P landPW(.
P'Sk I Phairnappa hai Jepoccd that In ' tb.. s endin,
itfle ft iIla&ct and thc ttui d a i u4.l b mu I
tdlxm Ia Lfl I)OO dlii h ad t en h
ii i'liiiiyj tlK.Vii 1 Ist)flth' ill
)1rtut1Lquai I I n tim .1 '
d Ii- U I Ii
%t'1L .-- ik-' -'.r - I h. 4iI • a'z -na h it .
1% . 'i'f fl• vi Iii 'r:r' i-'•. - - •'! . .'. tj --q
jvi,i had I P. _Uit '--I c.i tHu. LI) Ji •'4 P I 't t' Ilk. ••.,• •) I"
;
1
i I _ i _t lila.. . : :i'fr I.I aft. I
'p
pilot to the incident. It na ihc characteristic of the dcwaed U)
abii. m
1 bci.ue liii. btnr 'ci r he'; th , defaulted in rtra: tiieltt
hat hit. j
4
t
' 1 ,
'it n the t
e'tahIish that the let bed had 4 Iliul toniue and had c. aated had
nlood amongst e'eraI hornners. including the accused.
P .6. one lient F) Souia as So a itsident of the illagt.
It a lie s4gjiflç
tI I i tht. dat' ii Ui nt.knt at dxut 11 4
am. 'he act us d ali'ng with one \ athish. had cIteLl her The
aetu'bc.d had atiied half a d"en eiig 'ith him and ha.' 'vquced
Itu u pitpaic. imUe ft him and Yathi h Sht had lep ). I thU
s1 w. 'iii 'a] Ui a u d ritoriitz 'sh\[ Lii h hal
'ioiin' ect 5.(KN)/ f..s,q
.hc tL%.2a'..d .aai (l.a.i 'Sit. c r. t:cqti''riil'
1
1 U i:i! Ii ..' I t h_ (It 't% ji I , _!o5h1th _.'c! I
1
1 j 1.. "a
I I I' I
d "c'el 1. ii. k t' La
• • It - I
• i s ii. I :
r
1 ,. .'•
h' :iJ ' a ' •.
1 \ I, •J :"
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6 1 he piosetution has ielied on the udtnce of PW '.ont
H R Kumar ho was aNt' a resident ol the arne il1age He had
lepost d ih it on 12 1 0fl he hid itturned 1nms 1k ifl HO h
'illage and as on hk W25 home and hett een 1 .30r.m. and 2p.m..
ht had coon tht a 'iisecj holding 't hoppoi inn i pinto of a tnt,
mtn ing from the home ol the deceased. It ":is one hour
kiwi tint he had Lunt ilx Ut flit dtatl d Kamalamnit I hi. nd
'itness had made a statement to the Police in this rcgaid three
da> sltei ilit ineidtnt. though lit 'Lid miotmea bhaimajpi
P .1. that he had seen the ,Lccu%ed alkini ava from hk house
1hc. ins uti )fl ha usc clicd on the icli.t c. ..
•inc k.ijeh vh
, Ii'' d about
5 kJt) te- I & d\ horn 'ae h i'c .1
hat apr in Kin tIail a. Ic I . tel t e hat x lit
Cci, UK £ tn 1 :" a' ion' Uk V tO L at at 01 ii
_Y!i _.tj ._a •i h .1 Ik. . r. -- ! ,.h .' iL.a' a''
1
't''':i itt t',iut. 'ids ' tih p
.:':. :
.
6
.
1 i [i'.gl f). .
• ..t "" I' •: 1 .''i u I.i, ti . .
I
"51
tatcm:nt reenided undet cctjon 161 f the ('ode "I' Cilminal
Jr 'lur Hue naft'i tentd t ' the ( rP( I r
h "it> ' I ho turltiei ciicum%lante% tlui ihe prosecutinti nas iclieci
p n i th' ret. n iiu mach. on the o1untu', inloj in ition
pr.n ideti In the .wt ntl
tiea1 i1 a pa" ii lit Lt said in ha' ' 1 en
h
d
iuocic
.
3 iron hi [1O' Slot "nUt.d li M/s %taiuti P 'n
Bioker Rein Jate4 1, 1 J)Oi narktcl a F hihit P & I V S flta
Rak'Jiap'iI Kumat a ' P w r Broket thu h at I ap.,eu to
- tin nat i i. 2O, tlit. U% mu iedgc. 1 iht. iilu at
s'jds hInna Iji Ksrnala'ni'ia 1
alit had i:tied a Ufl' i Zn9);
I :u lq nm td lb nbc. ad uJ Ii us d to
A". '.hn tijO9 5' 1
iT the pa's t rd% ! ziid h'd fri 4? ..ii ti the nId
I at J i
I Jt,.. •iIt, . t'4•',' h . i' ! -- It...i t' 1
.
2
t t.I.t. ijiiI'ttdlCt.. ht ib'
I I. C
j i ji' i4 n i i',;al' ; hat. t np.- .
.p. •
C d I' '1 1
._ ;._ . .... . .
bLunt hi blood- I uned clothes akin the inci&nt. I he mit werc.
'Cflt tn the Forensic S.ienet 1 :iboraitui and tb,. \nktant Dneet'r
01 the Forensic Stiente 1 ahc'ratnr. in turn, opined tIns 1k
cut to him ontaincd but nt loth pieces intl that th' hoppc'
eli a a piece ni snocI ere stained with blood. it "ak therelnie
tht ndeac ut il flit plosttutton to contend that horn fix.
t ircwnstanee thus established, the homit idal death lit
Karnalamma around 1 p.m. on I --. I _(Xh in her hnu
. is
estabIhhtd In.
0 ond ill tisoit this. doul t md that iii... accu ed had a
'n"tne in cnniinn the murder of Karna1amm jc also established
'ii imm,datl II dx. nilen I' iw ci at p id
J% 'aated h' I:', lit I) Souia that h na Ojiwt ' ttl. tilt. ncha' tour
I tn. .n a j ii .'h r.t, I'm ''in n a It: ii •t a
ftp ifli_ thi. an e.i it( n 'ii' .0 fl I dl di
ii a. b,% hil .'. e ,'
t,_ a; !'t h • ': !li. J .
1
I F
• ..t !' h
i -- .'i \t
'.:! . '15' • f:': 31 ' c s :.•h. B. .'.b.t
1 Ii,
103
from the house of the deceased after the incident. The fact that the
accused was not available in the village and was traced to his
uncl&s house elsewhere in another village three days later and on
the basis of a pawn ticket recovered from his possession and on his
voluntary information, the gold
ear4qs belonging to
S
Kamalamma as well as the weapons used in the incident by him
and the burnt remains of his clothes, having been recovered, when
viewed in totality, would establish that the accused had committed
an offence punishable under Sections 302 and 404 of the IPC
beyond all reasonable doubt
7. The learned Trial Judge. however, has negated the case
of the prosecution on the following reasons:
Insofar as the motive attributed to the accused is concerned,
the Trial Court has expressed that the deceased Kamalamma was
lending money at an exorbitant rate of interest to many of the
villagers. The accused was just another borrower and that
Kamalamma was known to behave rudely with every such
borrower when they defaulted in repayment. Therefore, the
s3
4
moti c attributed to the at used in the lace (I tht. en urnstancc.
that ihei e nun ha e been ct-al 'flier such disgruntled pci ens
lit' hail beep hurn'li it' d In Kanialamma. it ct uk) iot h rgtl ihat
the mmiv ii id beta established ith in enainl
Insolar a the conduct ol the accused prios to 11w incident
i oncuned. th Tiial (flint has nott.d that th. c.'i&nc of P'W 6
Irene I) Sou,a who stated that at about 11 45a.rn. on ! 2. 1 2(X)"
the accused iking with \ athish had requested tic; to picpart.
)ultIcLs 01 flitrn nid hilt she as jomo so he I ad s eih ira
the ati.used meun')nln& to \ athish '4 ilk intention in teach a
K nalanm i I xl 'ehavi wi n it ic..dtt
Ka'naIn'ni' ha' ing been murdccJ in ;!ic ihuluhsi aiofeaKl
c lii ft hi. itil o igI not agi tic Ii. unk I
nil ann tni. lit g 'nu I 'I i. secl nfl 'e ne u1 IN,
''C .. . . j'i'h.t ifl L . • ;. C t'u': •' ' UA. .p:IH "I td I S
j 4, a '
:• ''p1" jr. r3. ,:tl is LfIdt.i,IIP h. 'it •.'i'± !: it' i •"
• 1%
S i( 1' V . a ' '
uhnut P to 2 Kilonietics na from the house of Kamalamnia
and she ouId ii'I hae pnihI see" the s1CtUC'1 20 t.' th house
of Kamalamma and I urthei that n .1 ot tin 1) D Sow Ii
had o erhend the accused speaking to N athish air )ut 'he iho:
intenuni and wa not a talernent made to hei I's the .iccued
1k. 1 tat Couti has usa t. xpiessd a inisgning in ictepting iht
u ed ut prose utioi si uthi'h t wlxm the te at aid I
tune indkated 111% mind. wj not examined 4% a 'utne. lncottr
s the in idenu' ,ts ieizanb tk acuscd ha ii been ecu near the
I as I h d ' a at nrncdi hi It t cii dint 1 tonc.t.inc.
ii ' nott%.e I In the ii al Cout that th ut'ue s '
ii d sj rL i
shout the a used nrn in a'cas lion, thc ho'..r% 'd the 1ee,.e'I
hc i N\' dHtLdf C.. H (' ItI tit ijt.'Jtii
ti , U •' i TI- , I ' S
':
,.
'ti' . i. .
.
•: ! t'. Hj 'w h '4
-- :'. [.! • tnt .' u:'t 'P 'i .4 •.dt : ii k
I t 1 1 .1 4 I L C
I . ii • ' 1'. ri I ,
mit lucia! that it was not unimpe i hable e nience that th at used
had been 'ecu roming out of the hinise t'l the decea'ed. The 'ilere
I at t that tht aLt u'ed sas seen pa'suii along the i nad at or ihout
the time ol ihc. ini.ident cannot indicati. s ithout any Iouht ib it hc
vas indeed the peison "ho conimnted the crime
Ihe othu witnt PW.& Ix s said t han us th.
atcutd just beflire the incident is 'aid to hae occurred. ha'
nerd) stated that he had sttil thc. ac.c ustd pas -I" and then. iftet
he h il hail a enmmoVoii 'loin Kamalamma huu es a htate'
arurnent and the said 'uiiIe' haA nothing luithet t) add.
Thei fi, ti Tn (C it iasrc'att.dhi id a
lnof a' i. rec:c; ni ca'.h tim! lilt ta' stud' ii.' tht de",. i-tLt
t it t'k '1k ut ii on_rn h lit i 'it
'1k. lot I')r'ile 'at 'Ii IL aic'tc', et ii Pt' ht I.i
it; ,r'-- ! ' .' ' •., -- I JL,.L.;lv ,_i . •i a' i•'.
ii 1 ) I L .' t )
.n1 Ii. I 'i cut' itt .1' --h 'Iv' td fl, ii •' .ti it
• r ' r
S
'7
lx. i& as last setn wachinz cloth and thet lon the ei os .1
tuone i chshelieed In the Trial Caurt Insntar a' the 'ecn'en
I th ar stud% lroii the Pa" ii Brokei it the inst nice at the
at.us..d flit I'iial (ourt his obsent.d that though tht. iceovtn n
the ear-studs i' e%tahhslled. it tar the prosecution to prove that
the decea',ed Kamalamma had suni the said ear studs at the time
)l the incident md the' 4t1 Iound mlssin° tic ni lxi both It
i*sened l' the Trial ('ouit that flV 1 the hu,bhand .4 the
dcceaed identifieu ik' ar %ttid% a I() I. hut has not stated that
t' wilt vi , srn,yth i h t n ) ft rcidcn or u
rued : his ')mplunt either about the eat studs r the tash It
'tiI hi J --'ippkm. t,ttit %IatLmL'flt .e.'udtd iM.
N a i s it
Iiet,..!o, It.' • ! 11.1% spr.'%%e.s .bat .'
1
'it• '6. ft I'' •- •'
K '
:i Iv 'It i. ')fl• .r ':'r 1! :u;t a. K th a i'd
a i. '1 14
a liii. Ii ''he ur:
4 .
lnsoiai as teccnei', of i choppt.i anti a pieu ol wood at tix.
instance ot thc accused is eon..crncd. mei iecmt.is t thi.
"eapons. in the npinion . the Trial Court. would not c%tahlish the
'..ac ni the pr'seeutinri insolat as reciner) ot the hwnt c1nthe
and thc ash was also not siunilicant, in the abscncx 01 othei cogent
aidcnc c in uppoi I ol thc case )f thc. prosecution. 1k Ti jul
Cnurt has "pined that the chain ni tirtuInstante is not cnnpiete
leading to an irresistible conclusion that the accused had
urnnrtted tb,. ilifle driLl that there Wd no pt; ihlit I aitibudy
.1 aung nmiited lit crime In Hit. I _ht ol t aboe
icasoning. the Tital Court has held that the pr.'%ecutioII had failel
LU tsLablish di vjjjjj .'i 'I w.t'isd
8 H lbard ic. lirur \ddtt at StaL uF'l'
l''ne 'it' 't .nd ii1' ILL'l.'t'! • I It i 'hi.. c [hi 'Ct I LIh.t'.
.1 U said hit s'Sct Lh'Ic t''', ' ''' tail
(ii Shcihci tlic. Tital (outi as justihtci in acquitting the
itcus (land lfl negatin2 tht case of the pitt eutton.
) it i es idtnt that thi. cisc. ol the pi ne 'utl(r test' nti'ei
01) c.utumstantial tidenw Below appret.iation ol the euknct
adductd h the pi sec,utlon ii is neu"ssarv t( ku.p in 'sia dx.
ett1ed principIc ol law relatrn'z I.) appreci ition '1 'sidctvt' n
1ae. iikh tcst entirel' on 'i'cunistantial c's idenct'
ir t re'tnt sic nn S tht Supwri ( Lii 11th i of
s c 1 /PaI 'c Ii,,. V I s J, i )c i ' 1 • C '
lcaptACtJllIC x.'a uric reie the ate ' w n I
-t.ihj 't ta
I
t 'it ra il tk s' tied niH 'ri" ft 's old ti 'c. )
1k ti%C:llI tt ii.' U 1K p''ii '1" Tb
aPt C .1.111 ! is
.
t% .1 4 IUt t )% l
t
'w 'ph l. .. n •. 'i i
rI . I • Eric %. i.ri. Ia w. ct•'L • " ' , • , r
.la': . ., i ,'. • ! :a'i iIis•1u113flY t IILL U%t.hIi .P 4 :' • k
.L.'l i • .• 4• •)•' ':•. '. •.
! • --
tircunistanjts so pioied must 1mm a ham ol 'uiIt' from hich.
the )fllV iircsistibh' c mit libion iii t ouId ba.. dr n ii tli guilt )t
the aeuscd and that no other in pothe1s aoaln'$ the guilt 1
possible The ape' fl 'tin has .nitiiiled 3 110CC ('1 eatitiofl that at a
case depending largeR on$ elrcumtantIal e idenee there i
ah4 a dangr that cnnietuit 01 suspiuon lna3 take tht. place at
1 aal pinol. ha mit 'flu t ab h it elf that auous
ntumstanc.e ii tht. ham if 'tnt' ha bai stabh h d learlv
nd uc.h C )iIlplCtCd •hatn it C cut' inus k such is ti iuk. )Ut U
teasonable hLhihoot ot the innocence at the accu'ed It ha al',o
been indit ateu thai iIicn the irnport.ini link I!fle'. the chain ni
:lIttllt,.iaia.es iztts •flttti' and it ith:i zi,.umta;ae.' '.ti1iit.
I 1h ri iii L h( l't so Ii t lit a._'i tJ on! ill
It. (i Ii h i
'C IL d ) 1.1 ii
I
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1e ''tt.I I I b i i l't. LC 0 IL ) 43
P titI I --'tL --
1
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t.
:'
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111
/
Where a case rests significantly on circumstantial evidence.
inference of guilt can be justified only when all the incriminating
facts and circumstances are found to be incompatible with the
innocence of the accused or guilt of any other person. The
circumstances, from which. an inference as to the guilt of the
accused is drawn, have to be proved beyond all reasonable doubt
and have to be shown to be closely connected with the principal
fact sought to be inferred from those circumstances. The apex
court has also taken note of the principle laid down that where a
case depends upon the conclusion drawn from circumstances, the
cumulative effect of the circumstances must be such as to negative
the innocence of the accused and bring home the offences beyond
any reasonable doubt. The conditions precedent in the words of
the apex court. before conviction could he based on circumstantial
evidence must be fully established. They are as follows:
"(1) the circumstances from which the conclusion qf
guilt is to be drawn should be fully establisheS The
1
,f •4i7.iJfl, t • ' I ':. .1 •"iv c'. %45 'sf
,!
1 ,.i .1 rs • Is? g.
1(1)1%?
• •' l' ett.,rj,s;, G I" •, i'.T p: 5
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I ii lic ,' 'I' "c4111 I c IS I
'I' tJ,j i'!tl I.',! C 'I' tll?i(i";C s": '1 7 •J!g, ,5kstIJ qt , e ft
"
1
ti
tU Cd: riIit
• 1 ;l?c ;'('flfls•gr 5 ,JJ
b
4 • l. • •'.,,
vs.., ,',
t
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• 'di ndcvk '
(1 ilic' Ii"u 1 v t I,,ck i 1' ps's •l'!c I", a'!, s
f •iit r•, si, l, •;
:a 11,14' • I C ha,, ll!cg( .1? )?1 tic
'
',.
:.vn. i:,' I, ?' •f'g! 7•st 1
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I. 'ii I I t ii, c 1,i IC Sc 11 1 'S I
,,
,.l ;s,4,spq' ' • flf II(I't b. J.,,? I'.
I
a' Me I c.i.t '1 h jh
1 t y t!fl%iIilt% .aunind h_ (lit
'ft I 'I I 'F
' S
Lb -- P.O 'at" fl 'hi' I' ti 1
tr 'ii I Lbil ' ' ai
• .,' a, • , '' ft . ' It A,T t 2i'-- I'e ,I.aI' :fl 't• : lu: :11,
li I K ' I' 'a 'I k .1
I it I.' • •s ' 1
3
The Inst point hich arises for consideration is th motive
behind the alleced crime attributed to the ae used
It is seen from tht e idenc c of PW I that Kamalamm i had
not only lent money to the acc used. hut she as lending mone to
several illagers and at the time of the incident, shc is said to have
lent money to the cxtent of 5OOOO/ The acused is said to hav
bonowed the money from the deceased about three months piior
t' the tiate in ident Th w itiiiss has admitted that Kamalamma
had a foul tongue and she used it sharply against thc dciaulters
A ho had hor o A c d momc s from hc r In his omplaint ac ha not
ndic itc d tha c suspect d he i i ed )r am p iii ula I on o Ac
a at mgi t mmiti c ne m I he ende ir I
r i n t hlih h m t t h in
at pp
14
iccused as an unitultutal lahouret ho also us 'd ft soik lot
het from time to time She js said to ha' e o'i heard iii.' accused
•ikntIc)mng that lit as heitni humiliated hi kamalam'na. hetause.
he had delaulttd in tepa> flit nt of the loan and thu hc 'ould t 'ach
het .t good lesson. Beitnd this, she tas not pri to an3 other
lutthcs information. Si),niftc.anth, thc. piosecutu a has not thost.n
to e'amine 'h ;tthish, to hoin the accused I, said to hae 4ated a"
ahnt 1 hcsuuh this eteates a suspit ion about the in' ol t mtnt 01
'he accU, 'd. t does j
1 toom fn doubt is •t % thu tht.
'i tuced nad. in tact. an ted oU an' ill intcntiu'n that nt might
ta pi s d Ibtic. c tn I it till i ied hat thu..
•i' cubed 'na. ha' L' had n'fltie to .'nuirjl 'be ill
<at I-i. nu. i'u i'd .iu iig iii. .
1
h he 1
n
pet h'. i tic ' nitd s.i ••i Ilk 1ht tilt' '% 'Lu.
h. C . I %L%. •.l I') • • -- 'I.'' . ' ' 'I I.
.1 luSt A ii. tb'b ' f 4.')', t'.f i iii 'n
'I. 'C 1 .. 1
1 c Er C. '.
the house of the deceased and lie J% cal') ing a thopper and a
pace fi wood in hi' hand PN 'has stated that lie h id infoimed
P'V. I the tLnnplainaiit .'if ha' mu seen the accned tie tithe house
f PW I at flit umt. of the mncmdt mit Ibis i not nar'ated in his
ornplaint belie 1 lie Police nor ha c the Pollee mecorded the
t itemdnt l P\k 2 imrnc..diatc 1> aftu Liii inc.mdc nt It is nly
three d€a s later that his statdnient has been tee' 'flied.
P'% 4 is the othei sitnes who had san flit. aicu d nea the
r'laee of the incident hcfin e the ith. ident had ''i. culled .i.id h,.. ha%
ned th it lit heard omc emmg .zed ii i tic L'd m unnt c.ommng
I oni flit. dii ction 4 flit hou c ni hi due
ast. I
1 But he 'a
V 'attd as hc.4& 'U en Ihet c'mt he c'm ttv' vu ol thi.
it ,n c'4 "Ii 1 'i nit It .ici. cli 'dcl l
r'"" U tl
f It: .LlCilt n . I " Pp q 'U 11111 i ! 'till :tlc tilt
ii 1 4
1'
I--h'' '. • I; ii' .r•n;"i .:l ii • .1:1. 1% :.i • .: £
'5 1 1 it
•p,, I..; v e. ..: . I. •' ' • --
I.,
16
inoti'. or clinduct ol the act u%ed just print in the incident, leading
to an unening pith umption ih it h v i rnd'e I ii (fluid' . 4110
hail torniiiiited the criin.'.
Insolar as the rccoei ol gold ear 'tuds on the inlormation
iou inlet red In th.. actu'ed i unit:rnti he pros utlon ha
etitainly pic 'ted tli r.co'ttn of the am at thc. in tince of 1K.
accused But. then the evidence that the gold eat studs belonged
Jy.
in Kainalamma and that she.. wit wtarini_ thi same at the.. ljmc "I
th incident and thi strnv 'etc. mi mt frm tic. kd is tot
positn el :stablished The enniplarnani had nol statcil " in his
ci ripla in itt In in tan '. turn nit eithc.r t it. g d carS
SiLl' i I O( te is" a tn ira is
' e a ifli! thosi. eat tuct • Iii' 'i 1' 2-- .1 lipr.IeifleiItar .,lIitlflkmflT
tli to at Ii hi. r u. Hi. . me. Ii fl • i I.
ii P a'l 4 11 a t 1' 4 1 1 '1 I
tilt ''ni.n;.. "'I. • l.r' •!ll' t1 ...'. e.! 'Th '. ;'.ei' .'
I,.
53.
un tah oii1d be 'en more a veak cirurnstance to be alleg
ed
a°ainst the accused
insofar h the iecowr> 01 u hoppet and a pi 'c )I U x d at
the instance of the accused is concerned, the same soukl not
4' imice the .a'e of the pro &cution hen tia. othci ciii. umnstant.es
cannot be ustained 1 lit. hwnt blood t uined clotht s ishe
M nd
ft tRains at thi. atni. ha' e not generated an> I mndrngs to
estahIh the rnsnlwrntnt of thi.. acc.'ised in the COflffliiOii of the
emime Therefoic. thc. c. i&ncc. pta' I by the pn ' it c r lit no
cI:aml> tIahbsh a .nmnpkttd chain i i.u ftS to tul: nut the
't4OiudI Ic liki lihood ci the innocPc" of ik ittuitd It a'n"i'
r't ildint -- 'ie.'ii.If ..U ii. i h' I '.
's I Ii Ic I' U njun_ dta, a i licnr.
i.' i s i po s,I'i, .i
h mcI It t'ic oil Hi ;i. I hi Oh'UsbV' ifiji JI, j% .h 31
' K
1
•
UIIL 1ti
1 dn tkt'Lk. 'I
I ji iiI. '.'tiaIl. is.; nt. . 'at'
' Xli I i IP iii r a 'it" ') • t'l .. .'
''' t'.'" ! t
md i dLI ol thc I i ial ( OUrt ' dO ant Intel k I CflCC In the )j)lIIIOlI
I this bench tim ippeal i Ii ihi t di mm sed
II'
NAJ & HSKJ.
0510.2012
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.1255/2006
ORDER
in 1h udrn ni modt hx ihi ( un on 13 4 2012 n ol us (dusti N Ananda) has accepted the appeal Juctic 1 ate K,Go mdar julu h i (lisflHssed the ippe l.
In teirns of Section 392 (r P C , the divenent pinion Vs reli red 10 Jiitice \nand Bvrareddv dust ice Anand Bvraredclv h Opinion doted I 7.0920 12 ha opined that ihe appeol Is IlOOlu ni b disiiiscd oici Ihe unpuaned judrnen docs n a all ibr n{ crfcrcin'. lvi uh in i t nlent iit I hc 1udninl ol i an uflic h.Goindiiajul I 1h I]c h