Karnataka High Court
M/S L And T Komatsu Ltd vs All India Trade Union Congress on 24 March, 2011
Equivalent citations: 2012 (2) AIR KAR R 93, 2012 (4) KCCR SN 373 (KAR)
Bench: N.Kumar, Ravi Malimath
IN THE 3161-} COURT OF KARNATAKA AT BANGALORE
Uateté this. the 24%" day of March' 201}.
PREESENT
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AND:
{By Sri Vijaya Sh.ankar, Senior C0un'Sl§.1, *
Sari B C Prabhakar, Samar Advocaic a--17;.{:1'
Sr} S'ub1'a.manj;a, _ Advgcatéé}
A33 India Trade Union Cfiflgress A'
Eiarnaiaka State Committee
No.25, I F1901", =13" Cross
Sampige Road ,
Malleswararn ' _ I
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6 Principal Seclfetary A V
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Sri M Manohar, Advccaté' for' R8 aiitii 'f;*}_
Th{=, Writ Appeai 1S filed Ufitigr Sectizjn 4 {if thg Karnataka
High Court Act, praying to set---:ssi'de*€:.'ne 0rd§€:r...passeci,in writ
petition N0s.286??'~78 2<:fa<31_ Vam 35864-865/2001, dated
13-4-2005. " " 2 % _
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Workers Union
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Malleshwaram
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General Manager V
Engineering 8:: General T.
'Norkem Unierz '
No.2, M111 Corner
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Malieshwaram V
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14
A11 Endia Trade Un:i.0n Congress
Karnaiaka Staie C0m§11itEee
No.25, I FE001', 4*" Cress
Sarnpige Raad
EX/I.alleswaran1
Bangalore -- 560 003
Represented by its
General Secretary
Engineering éiz Géngrzzl " '
'Workers Union ' " '
No.1 Mill Comer
Sampige Read
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6 Praincipai Secretary
Department of Laban:
M S Buiiding
Dr: B R Ambedkar Veerdhi
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7 Commissioner of Labour
Government 0f Katmai:-:k&.._
Karmika Bhavana '
Bamaerghatta Road
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8 Acharya Ass0Ciai:esV_ _ ._
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16
In Writ fibneai No, 23718 of 2005
BEKKVEEN:
M/5. Gaeztze {India} Lid.
Yelahanka
Bangaiare - 580 064
Represented by its
Deputy Generai Manager (HR &IR} A' 'T
[By Sri Vijaya Shaitdfiéaj, Seziicar C--r;;u":1sué--1 ,w S
81"}: B C Prabhakar, Szinzar Ad¥6f:%;_ate*'ané§
Sr: Szgbramanyag,'Adxsocate)
AND:
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Kam.atak2;'«--Si:ate Cotirmrnttee V =
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A Ra_'§a.z1§ Farm Raaé
Psengra 11 Stage
17
Rajagopal Nagar
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S/G Rarnegawda _
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15,/1/3,/, 83* Cross
C' Black, Magacii Road
Bangaiere «W 580 (323
State «:3? Karnataka
_Vi::ih2ma Soudha V
Bangalore - 56000
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18
9 M,/'s. KRajan&C0.,
No.1, I Cross
HM'? Layrsut
Mathikere b * V' .
Bangalare --~ 560 054 ' ._."««Rv.i*sp97n:ie:;:ts?V
{By Sr}: M C 1\Earasimh.an, S€fiiOi";/§C:1'??Q.C3.i€ f<_;:_ rA R1 'id 'V
Sri Vedha Mt[zrtZfi=y. GA'-for R5~'.7 ; Q --
Sri N Manohar, Adzroéate f0r'R8'a1:1t_i 9}.»
The Writ Appeal i.:=..fi1€dE3':ide._f Section 5»; 'G3'? the Karrzataka
High Court Act, pray"in--g_ it) sat .':i;'3.E:Ci'€._'{}Z1*i€"'QI'd£3I' passed in Writ
petition N0s.28677'~'78 {sf ;_2-Oi}35"&f=;nd "f358.6¢}.»865/2001, dated
13-+2005. .. " :7 ~
In writ A9;;ca;1AA_;~é.§§%;%2v 5
E3E'f'WEENi
M/S. 1!v#1ang3.io%x: C1"i%3Ini.::é£}5 3; .
Ferti1izers*.Ltd.,' V% ' .
Registered 2%: C{::pG:ff;::*£e"€)fiicr:"
No.5, Cr€SCCI1?,R6ad ; =
High E-§r0umii':% VV _
Bangaiere W 5§{}'..QG}
Rs.gri3s§3.r;t::d by its" *****
V €.;3_m;3a:;_§{ Sécfetary
Sari S{E<;a.1f1'm9;12 ..,.z'3xp§€§&fi'E
« '§!"=€:§r Sr: Vijaya Sha:'1ka.2: Eeniar CoLms€E.,
' -, Sri B C ?:"abE1a}:3.r, Sezziar Advecaie and
v Sri Subramamra, fiadvecaie}
AN[}:
19
Ali India. Trade {E11101} Cozzgfess
Kamaiaka State Ccmxmiitee
No.25, I R001', 491 Cross
Sampige Read
Maiieswaram
Bangaiore »~ 560 003
Represented by iis
Genera} Manager
Engizaeering 8: Gezgerai =
Workers Union V
No.2, M111 Cornea' ' V
Sampige Road
Ma11esh.\-xéareem _ _
BailgaliifeA§;~580V€)O3 ' _
Re'p1_'e'se"n__te€.i.. V' "
Genegfai-::_E'>'r_:e:"efa13; A
Sri. O1i1'Tv}?'_.z'a}{ash -- . é ' .
18/ G 'iaie S;'.0v.Tfeek£ap_f§a ' '
Aged' abozift 3.?jvyea;.z_fs"'« "
Ne."}.G29, Gigniiegewda Bldg.
. ,Ra_ja:é'i E::~m1z'-- Read
Peexzya ii Siege V
13"iEijEi'g§Q§}£i§ N:%g;és;:'
_VE3a3;;.g;';i}<}1"e - $66 858
TE": a1§'::"n":e1:1:"122_
Sfe §%i;:fi1eg0w'd2z
;~%§gezi:"'abez.:i. 36% yeaye
~ .E;ir;'§,_:"3;/. 8?" C're£~s:=3
E%§{3<;':E§E Rfizzggzidé Eiezzfi
EE§::'1§;§§i..E.<}:"e W 55% $23
20
State of Karnataka
Viéhana Soudha
Bangaiore n-- 58{3€}{)1
Represented by its
Chief Secretary
Principal Secreiary
Bapartment of Labour
EVE S Bufizjing
Dr. B R Ambedkar Veedhi
Bangaiare W 56!} 903
Commissioner of Labo'u1*"--«,
Gevernment 0f Karnataka --
Karmika Bhavana, ' V'
Bannerghatta R03._d"
Dairy Circie _
Bangalore .5» 560 '
.Acha.I"V§aV Aéé@9iai*§s'--._ ' '
No.78 iifé-<1 Ma1n,--'5'l=*.¥_ Cross
"E'i'r5-at'E"3oO1f'Lakshir1air:appa Garden
Near: 83.13}? 'I§a}j§I'2ir;3" Mantapa
Bsmzi Stage ' ; ~ _
. _133,I1g$:3(}r€:i'~.~w5€{}. G85
13'E,z'sV;. K R8:.j3.f:"'Esz C0,.
Fig.1 , n£~.Cr'0ss
" _ "E«v::;%»é*:":"'%_.g:;;;'--;:-fa:
. ":*:::é;_:;f:<;:;3;,e;ye
B_a:ig.f€_J;€::*e ~»~ 568 {Z154 ...,R;«.€$p§:1&€r;%:$
gfizfi M C fiarasimhan, 333130;" Advecate {G37 R1 $0 Ra»;
Sri "2:'€fii?:a. E'.s§u:'§hj;y @131 £02' R53:
Sm E,-IE Pviafiaharf ééagecaia €52' R8 322% Q
ii
2}
The Writ Appeai is filad Under Secizimz 4 0f 'thcV~¥{a3_7:f1ataka
High Court Act, praying is set: aside the csrder «pass¢€iL--i;1V'agrit
peiitiorf: No:s.i28677--78 of 2001 and 35884~8§,5/2031';---,._%a.a.j;ea
13-4--w2Q{}5.
In Writ Avveal N0. 2720 of 2095 .
BETW' BEN: 1
1 Trivetai Engineer W0rks,Lid.,
112,/A, RB. N05836 'b I
Peenya Ind}. Area
Bangalom »-~ 560 058
Represented by
Company Secreta1f\:*" _ 3
2 M/s. Kar .§\ZEobile:3.Ltd..:;'V V A , V
No.26, _}Pe'<a;;;3e*a ixzgdustgaza: %makL 'V '
Phase} _. _
Bangigalfire #- v-23159 0553 _ 1
Represehtijd byits; .. 3.
.S'e11ir.:r "I?;Iari:#:gt9r¥'i?§2t*sonii'€E ' "
3 M,' Kwality'~Biss::.1i:i--?;,s gm. Ltd,
9.13.. N<3.3'302" ' ,\ '
1\«'iys?C:2?e Read ' '
g*8:=;h 3\£Ii1€* _ ' '
V 3;a13ga.1ore"' A ..... .. v
F{epr€s_ented by its Facmry Manager
1 vE¥f{'g'7.sn. fifanyam Cements &
E%:fi:1%;:*9;é;= Enfiusiries %i;:é.,
P~,£.a_ Emagai
Z E*i{{;3.déva§a §?as"£
Bfimmamahaééi
fiangaéare - 5&8 Q§8
' Rapzesemszi by its
Dapuiy Genemi Efig-'Ea.nage:' 3:
22
1VI/ 3. Stumpp Schuele &
8: Somappa Lick,
No.139, I-Iesuz' Roaé
Koramangaia
Bangalore ~« 550 695 _
Rgpresented by its 1
General Manager ~« HRD
M/S. Senapathy Whiteley F'V't';=.Li:d',
RB. No.10 Achaiu '
Ramanagaram M .571 51}
R€p1'€'S€I11'f:d by its V_
Company S€:c're1iary' _ I u .A.}3.ppei1ants
(By Sri Xfijaya Shankarv,--.SeniofvCé'u:.11'se1,
Sri B C --}?rajbh2{kaI:j, $e11-i4Qi*~v}§xaiVdc'ai;& and
H Sr1Q€51V1b.ra1ni3:nya, _ Ad.'vi;é3;'"L&}
2A1} India._--T1jade 'Ej"1j1fe--.1f_1 Congress
Karnaia1<:a State V{30;mT1i'ttee
Nc>:2:*3, 1 F196;-'.,. v_w-%'~<i;ros"s
Safrqgiga R(:1ad7_ " b
..Ma11€:§;x§araH1 '
» ' B7anga};0z"€~--. V 580;. 003
' }?{epf€.sez:i6:d its
.,C}i::1ei{3;i. Manager
5
6
AND:
1
' Eiztgzénéefing 3: G€i3;€E".Eé§
15,? m'§'<;;:;S Uniea
I'€%'Q,2.f Miii CGEYEEE"
" Széampiga Raad
Eifiaiisghwaram
V H Bangaémys -- 56$ SQS
Regraganiad by 35:8
Genera} Secmiazy
24
BSK EH Séalge
Bangalore + 560 085
9 M/s. K Rajan 8: C0,,
No.1, 1 Cmsg
1-EMT Layout
Maihikere *
Banga1o;"e-- 580 054 V ..,Re_3p"<)*ncie'r:=is~~_ '
(By STE M C I'sEa"rasimhar1, Sréiiigr }XCv.iX-'G(f;c'l'§§€_ SR4;
Sri Vedha 3'«'i'LiI"Lhu§'/'-_._ G4}. for R533; V
Sri IV} £uiiéuCfa'd;e 'far R8 and 9';
The Writ Appeai is 1'i_£_éd'i-Jridiiar _S1£:-<ij"a=£=;3i1--.4 of the Karnataka
High Court Act, g)ray,ing_ib0'--se{._asici'é'*tht:-- I§>1*der passeci in wrié:
peiiitiern N0s.28§'3'?7~7E-_' of 'L.2.()0.}A"~2i;3.d '3f3864~865/2001, dated
13_4_2Q05_ V . *
In vvn: Apissgaafi 2";".4»s:"¢§~E'L'2[0'0:*3
BETWf'EE1§;; A A'
Asea Bmwn Bower: "
1.310% No.53: 6 Peénya. "
§1'1cE%§_s_iriaE£5;r<:;£1 .
Be;rfé_gai0re »« 5553058
?\I0w"E%;;%r;3. by Eta "Ji{EE:"'
-. , '37'.1:65;;d_€:7a§:', Efifi}
_ *?.fE;_'I '?Qi.1'« " ,¢.Appe3i§21;r:i
_ '3__{A§§y SEE Kc Ké1S'§£§,'£'L Same? §&{i*;:::«{:a§.<E~i zxmi
" 8:': K, E'v'§z:~Eza::a Eiumazx £5i{§.E?'€}{?&'fi;€'. Em'
Mg' E§aS'E::::§'i A5s$e::»<:§21i;,:3$& E&£§2:'{>{:afLt?:§}
V/",.. .
AND:
25
AK} India Trade ifinien. Coxigress
Ka1*r1ataka Si;-«lie C0r11miu.<:-6
No.25, I Flea-1", 411": Cross
Sampige Road
Maifveswaram
Bangafere --m $60 003
Repreaenteci by its
General Manager
Elngtuee-ring & General
Workers Union V
N023 MEI} Cor:/1€?1'*~.._
Sampige Road
Malleshwaram A
Bange11Qre_~v56O D03
Rfipreséénicld' by .1155
Ger1§;r'2J' Séc2.r€é~;ary,_ __ h
a_Sri Qfii'5§?:'a}§éish
VS/G 1at<* S;'.(3'»T}'ee1{;;1p_;5a .
Ag.»-33$' zxboui 3-5 'yea-3:'_s" * "
N(3f,EO29,, GL1nd¢gej5?da Bldg,
A -- Rajazii. Ea1"m7'Ro:sx:1
» Peenya if :i3ia_ge _
j agQ§321E Nagéir
.B2uf:x,::.§;§;E'::-':f_<2 - 568 858
' S3§".i._"_*R 'V.?;E::'3.m:11a:":2':;-1
S.;'.a §§;::{:1i3;agm,a-*da
§5,:"é;'3;Z 8"; Cyoss
" iC'3£'i§<;::%;; Eviagaéi Rmad
§&i.E1§E1§@€§? -~ 5&1} 823
S%'ai.<: <3?' §§.2";§*nz2f: Eikéi
Vicihazza Sm.1é%:a
26
Bangalore ~ 560091
Represented by its
Chief Secmtary
6 Principal Secretary
Depeirimeni of Labour
M S BL1i1c§§a"3g
Dr. B R Afilbédkaf Veedhi -
Bazlgellore ~ 560 003
'2' C0r:1r:3iSsi0ner of L21b0L1;=."
(30v€a'11.m€nt, of Kar'I1e1t.£;ké{~~
Karmika Bhavana
Bzimaerghzxiia Roaé
Dairy Circle ,
Bangaiore - 560 E).2 4l»_ 3
__ .R€SpD1"1d€3I1'tS
(By Sri M. C.Na1*asim£<;$,fiVg for R} to R4;
« Veclihaj, rmyg. F01? R53?)
1_Th<~: "ޤed_ Lhlder S63Cf;i0n 4 Of T;.h<a Kafnataka
High Gourf; fi.ci;;' ._:f'3::a.y£ng-_§o" sea. aside the order passed in writ,
pet-,:z:an<~ }\E'Gs..28§_?'Z§78"*c;_£"'S3'OOE and 3586<1§~865f20®}, dated
13~4«200'f3._ M
§firit._£ap§e21§ of 2005
I V§5§'?§;O'{".V:§.i§ji3Le.':'-$§§'£°i€:tS: CG, Liizzéied
'N2s;g&:2z1§.h"_a;g:::;?z2 PEaz1':'.
S§.I,1ga:§23.:1c:§'i*:; 'P. 8
§'sf§23;§iv£;-{Ea '
E-33..z1g,{a,§z3':"t% ~ ééfifi 868
R€:jg§"._« ":33; §'§'.f5 §}'§'v§:§§e:;%:z21§ E5§{Ei§E21§:;7€iE" {§5'&;'%j's
'.:vi::~;'?. L, 'fv§a.1hew
j>;g>§3<~:H2;.:*;'£. _
2?
{By Sr: K. Kasturi Senicsr Counsel fa}:
MKS. Kasturi Associatxfi, Smi. K. Subha An.anVi:_h£».
Sri K Eviohan Kumar, Advocates) »' .
Workmen csf B/HCO Naganathapu»r.a&
Canitaen j. '
Rep. by the MICO Cantraci Rvgrkers
Union Rep. by its Presicieni ' '
No.43, £1: Stage, MEG 1: Stage
KHB Colony ..
Basaveswaranagar
Bangalore M 56(}
State sf Kamataka V
Rep. by the Chi€f'SV€C!."§':'éaf§I'.VV'-,.'
to Gex'€~udéI1é':1t * .
.Vidh.an';1 S:§£;dh_a--..
1.:Banga1LQ_'-st;f5€30QQ"1- .._ -- '
Trzg $i;a1Z€~Qf Karriatéiiaé
Rep;.._by',the Se'«::'€:!'3,::'3,r ta G0Ve1'z1meni
-- ..Depa:*'L::1.e1:iv'ef 1;,--abéur
NE § Buiifiinpg
Bmgaiem «M 569 00:
V * _CQ_iT§1.ffi§--SS_§.SZ'i€f af Labaur
if: Kartggtaka
Kzarzfiiéia. Bhaa-ans.
§3{a:::1&1"gha€;*r.;9; Raad
" . airy' Cizcie
Bangaiars -- $60 @ 31%
R B Szzbrazziani
Majsr, Csntmstfim"
28
MICO. Nagarmthapura CEH'zE.€€'I1
Singasandra P€::s;t
Bangalore W 560 068 ...Re.sp§31i.r§€r1fiS 2
{By Sn' M/S. Subba R30 8: C0., forfiil; V "
Sr; Veda Murihy, GA for 2 t0~<i)V_ __ * '
The Writ Appeal is flied U11dé:'r Sc:c:i5ici'ri".<-I
High Ceuri Act, praying to set aside Ehe'er€i§>;:"pas$edL:"'i.1j1"wfit
patitien 1\§0.28677~w78/200}; and "'-}§f1'iV1 Peiii-31311' E\I0'}j.3586%-E5
865/2001. dated 1342005.' . " .
In Writ Appeai N0. 2275,} of 2005' '
BI«:"_zW1:EN: ' "' '
Hosur Road
Audugodi 1 _V _ _. '
Bangalere _ __
Rep. by its 'G>e?n._eraEi.M;3_:1'2:gez'
Cfifnilfiijlfcfiai Piaiit A/1aneig§fi'1er:§
Mr. S B»:/<:>2reE«:2a;2"_V " ' w.AppeEiant
'v{}3y'_K,'Kas.i'z:ri Samar Advocats for
" Sr: K .§'§«'i{§I:1a1zz KU.I3'1£%§' ,1' 5; K&53f§.ur§ AsS{>::::ia$es
" ..... Advixteiiss}
' '
,.,. 3' %%s:«§¥€;~.Q <}f€} §\:T?'F%EC'E' §€;R»'E§3E,G"{EZI%ZS
ASS{E{:§A'fION
r»ée.2,i$;'L ii E""'1<:z<31: V G Gapai E§L':i§{§i:1gg
" E;-ééiihaaggéz 'Ravi', R532-zd
__ E§?a.z§.§_§aE§3§i% ~w 585': {E84
E{€;'.'§}. E33,: "$.33 €::':::':s3ra}; 5S%3E.*':'°€3f°€.Ei2"j£
/...
AND:
30
Repsresented by its
Exacutive Director
The Add}. General Manager {HR}
Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited
(filectricals Divigion) _
Mysore': Road
Bangalore M 560 C126
[By Sr: K. Kastu\;4i§'4S€ni0'§'
M/S. K. Mehan KL1fI1ai*"~3§5,f;,f.5, Kasiiiiri'§\S$0<:fi.a.i;éé;,
Advocmes. u
The W0r1em€"n }E1§np1§3'§,{e'd i..n"B'E~i_IEZL
{EDN') Can;:e'e_n _ '- ' _ "
Repr§'£§'Sei.1.i1é'cEv' by th.g..__BE% _ [E._[)N_}'
C0ntraC'i 'XV or}/;is~i'ss_V{}:"1_'i:>_:*: ' {'Reg,;d)
Rep. _by,thé' iE?resi--r1e':;t '
N0.z$3A," Ilrld F¥3.oor..'v 1VF.Iv_(3»._ 1; Stage
';&HB'co1¢::§-~ ' V 1_
B23 saireshvgfazxtaérzagag " ' «
Bar"1g_fa1o.re w.56Q
u'"fi~*.-e=: U::iV'b'1:..<:»vf Engfia
' §:"<;e.p:*:€:sent.8é $3.? {he Secreiar}?
:0» .{}93:E;rn:z1en§;
-- _E3*<;§*g>a::%'u:g2.7=:f.;/11 of Haavjg industriaze
« Ne*;:;.§}e:§_iEr'zi
'E'E1.€'rSi;ate af K3-rnataka
~ Rap. by $26 S€:€:'retar}g
Gawjrmzaem;
" & §,&1E}{}§.}_§' E}<~.%§}.23:'°€.:/:':<=,::},::T.
EE 8 TE3u§§dimg
Barégaéare A 5&3 €381
{Q} ' .
.31
4 Cc>nm1.issi0nr:r of E.ab<}ur
in Ka1"na':'aka
K.a1"m11<:a Bhavana
Ba.r111ergI1atia Raad
Dairy Circie _ ' ._
Bangaiom »»~ 580 029 ..'.wR€Sf}QvI1d<V3HL§'3',
{By Sri K. Subba Rat), S43:1i('s§*C§OL1i§:sé'i. €01] ~ T A
M/3. Subba Rae 8: Cot-4., F§dV{3Caf€K':-.'i;.A V' ' 1
Sr: 8 Kaiyan Basava'ta1j';"~z,'§SGI,A'Adv3c2i't.s3 iflGf"RZ:
Sri Vedha 3z1L1rt.h§z. VVQ-A my R3 fag:-;::1'-4)
The Writ, Appeal. ~.:£"i1ed."U::dr3:f SVéL:1.ion 4 of tile: Karnataka
High Court; Act praying set ?5;b1'Svi('1.{i.':[;l'1né'QfC1€1" passed in writ.
petition N0. 5293 of 2004, J.da:(4:~c!"123-452-O_G.5."__
In Writ AQ_ge21;1mmE;\fmc;;;f€Zm8_;_§3__:.',"£;{§05' 'V
BI31wEEN€;"' ' 'V " "
1. . / AC'i:£: r.yei' V;?XSsg>f:";va_t.es f
N.Q.305 , 7*" «M»:-1ii1.v.. 3 1'0f " JC'r<:»ss
ESRC Z:Ei}?O'..1'i _ '
Bangai01"F:;~«'E360, G29
1 " "R€p1"ess3:2€.eVdV by :35 Pmpri€~.'irix
' S_;i1Eg_ S§k_21§£éha...§':;éhar}?£1
. K§'§{faj.e1i?;--.€3z Ce"
' 2'3':-.Vr3:~ass, 1'~~:m' L22.j;~..?:3'u';.
' Ev'§a:§:~:;.;;:;~=s
._ §3a<;3._2;:i§§.0:"=:% --~» 568054
a Eéegfiesaizisd by $215
§?:"éi}§3:"éeZ.rix
AA Sim"; '%f2:§,$22_§a_ E{;ij;f-an ",;f7§;.";=';:2a%§Ea.':":'§'.§;
{SQ Efséizmegéizzzr, 2"-'a.{%*=..'T"<2{*,::*£.<:*'}
..m~a"'""'
AND :
32
A11 India Trade lfnisn Congress
Kamataka State Carnrnittee
No.25, 1 F100;: 4111 Cross
Sampige: Road
Malleswaram
Bangalore - 560 003
Representeé by its
Genera} Manager
Enginerzring 8: General * V
Workers Union V ._
No.2, M3113 Comer ' V
Sampige Road
Malleshwaram _
Banga11i>re}:~%4»5eo 303 "
Rap1j&:'se"1n,té::¥.v- V. ' '
Genera}-::S§:crefary 'Q
E3/Cr Teekapjpaé V' .
fifizd' afbauj; 3é3v§Jea.:§s" 4
No."1.Q29V, Gixnifegowda Bldg,
-- ..Raja.::{i }?'am:e{'R<>'iz:.d '
. Peanya if Stgga _
Raj2;go§ai Nagar
_V ,B:«3.:2g;;{§@1f_e -- 580 058
' S:"i'_'T§:a§§1'i:r:az::1a
é R_.~;:;megQwda
;:'3;Lg€'::':" abmsi 28 years
~~ ,:*.%:_;/1235,. 82% Cragg
'E? Bioskfi Magaéi Eaaé
Eazzgaigrs -- fififi €323
33
5 The State of Karnataka
Vidhana Seudha
Bangalore M 580001
Represented by its
Chief fiecretary ._
8 The Principal Stacreiary
Department of Labour [.
M S Building " _
Dr. B R Ambedkar VeedhiL.V
Bangaiore - 580 001
7 The Commissioner bf Labcfiilr u
Goxremment of K.a.rnataE<a"
Karmika Bhavanw _ V V
Ban'nergE?.atta Rcfsadj V _ _
133.11/§'f..C%~,i7l'CE;;\ék> _. . " I , "
Banggalgre 44-'E"336_€3 _ ' .'.Respendents
" Advocate for R1:
_ " *~x¢d1:;;&\z§;;r:1;y, GA for R5 to "H
TI:1§: VE?rit'A§Vp::%ia}b Under' Section 4 of the Karnataka
High COE}.V'1'§j' Act, p.ra'y_i1'1g..f;0 set aside the Order passed in writ
petition N0s'.:L7:_86'Z?~?8- af 233}, dated 13~'i~2C}$5.
V ' "*;ré.?-:~;:5§';%éx::{%'ss:~g_: N0. 2850 af 290$
§'=:'§,fs>§ Vv"€:"*§:€r Ltdw
Yeséfigsraigthapuranz
__ B&z;.g&3;_u:7;=%;°e -- 58% 922
.. é"~'éz5;--v;>_;re$&:f:i;.ed '$3; iég ?:°€s»;i{is:§1':,
' ':3$:§_E} RE Fsgiiéizfa ..,fia§p@E§amé.
AND:
34
{By Sri A.Y.N'. Gupta, Advacate, fer'
Sr': Arvinzi Babu, Advocate)
All inéia Trade Union Congress ' '
Karnataka State Committae
No.25, 1 Floor, 4?" Cross
Sarnpige Raad "
Malleswaram '
Bangaiere - 580 003
Represented by
General Manager«._
Engineering & Generai». '
Workersflili-an V
No.2,1\:Ti11C<§rner'--A f "
Sam.pigé;«.R:c;a:i;V V '
Ma11€5h*;§zéi»ran1" '
§':3'a:'1gaIE:*;re ??:f5t"3O
:vRepresemied by its
C'«cn::_ra1 Sécfeiaqg V. "
Sri Prakashv S
' 'VS;/G Tée:1<_app§a
» Aged ab0ué3__?__}Iears
NS. 2329, Gmldegowda Bédg,
Ragga; "Farm Roaci
' * ?£2;e;::y'a=.iE jfitage
' Rajagspgi Efiagaf
Bga.:2gg:.:§:re -- 56% 858
" St: E Thammazma.
S}? G Ra;m:.eg§e*=..>s:da
" figsé abaué. 32 jgfiars
15/153;'. 8*" Cmgs
' V' --. '13-»4;2--:335';
35
'C' Block, Magaéé; Road
Bangaiore -- 560 823
State 01" Karnataka
Vidhana -Soudha
Bangaiore M 580001 '
Tim Principal Secretary
Department of Labour
M S Buiiciing
Dr. B R Azmbedkar Vfiédhi
Bangaiore - 560 003.
The Commissioner of Labour
Government efvKarnaf'z:&;9.. V
Karmika Bhavzma. _ V
Bannerghafiia Read _ 4_ '
Dairy Circle _ '
B3.ngai0re._-- E§~6€;}VO1z§.' ._ ...ReSp0nde:nts
_A 1 E%. N«3::faya;nag Advocate fer R1;
" ' Sri_\>'sg';1.g;n1t;i''cIj§3?', __A&V:3C3.'te for R5 and 7)
Théé 'W'i*it Appéa.1 isfiled Under Section 4 of the Karnataka
High' ficurt }'L{f'{,V praying 1:0 set asicie: fix: srder passefi in Writ
pe.t:3f:.i0,r3f ?'€os.28'€-177328 ef 200: ané 3§8fi4~8§§ / 2001 dated
'?;:;T.é;>;f:a:§?;l:'z;;?o 7e'a:'r«..:e. 3124 0f28fi§
*2;*;'?,§§ge;Vi2%$€%'??»?8 2&9: $5 358§4~86§ 260}
8Eé€a:,g§$§;%
Eéaie 9:7 §iam.ai;a.ka
' Regrsseniafi 'By its
Chief Secreiazfgr
.::«;a _
36
Viciifxarxa Scsudha
Bamgaiere -~ 560081
The Prmcipai Secretary ..
Department of Laban}? 1
Government of Karnataka
M 8 Building
Dr. B R Ambedkar Veedhi
Bangalore -- 550 0023
The Cemmissionar of L.af§:a:.1_ur
Goverrmlent of Karnataka _ 7
Karmika Bhavana T
Bannerghatta Road V
Dairy Circle
Bangaiore m5£?§0 (;:i"-4. . I 7v..¢;ppci§3;i1ts
$ . . ' . ..
.1 The' '
Aiijfidia Trade' -1'. ,3_Tii«Ofi' Congress
Karnataka Stair: 'C«Q.:inmittee
No.25; E.,F",§0or, 4!"? Cross
' Sémpige "E2-3a;_d_: ;
' " P.3EaiE€:swaram
" ~ .5az<1§aE':;:_r__e --- 550 G83
' '§'E1:2"_"{}é';3é:'a;i Sacretary
E}:i:gi:fg.a¥e:"é:1g & Samara}
'§?'~£'ofl<:e:=,r$ Umen
" Méfl Garner
' Sampigs Rwfi
Eaéaiiegizzwayam
Bangalore »» 58$ 8&3 '
10
11
38
Bangalare «W 580 050
B32" its Prasideni
The Management 0;?"
Karnataka Vidyuth Karkhane Li:d.,_ _
Mysore Road V
Bangafigre - 580 028
By its Cempany Secretary
Bharat Fritz Wemer Ltd,
Peanya
Yeshwanthapur Post V
Bangaiore -- 560 022
Rept. By Secretaxy
Meter Endustrisés (305 L:id.,: _ . _ .
Naganathpuii F}2;§:'3t_VSinc£aéandra_ "
Pest V '
Bangalore ~:_5'5_C;fQ18' '
Rept. ,5y'TGefi;+:ra1"'§':{£aVnager
12 V'NS'Ind11St:5iCsMindia Lfdg
23%; 'Law B.eflar}' Rfa_eL€i«
D05:-:7I_ajalaf13_0st. " &
, ,B3.nga§Qre e562 15'?
By" KS P1311: Manager
.' E13 _¥5L;;}1CQA.'§';8.it€Fi€S and
V' T. €}§§:C€ at, Unify Buileciing
« ?Bs':1g_a§§2t'e
531* 1:3 Elxasutéve §i§°€€€;Gf'
3% *~ fiyrzamic 'E'ee::ir:n93ag'i€s 115$"
SE; ?€e:3,§a Eméugtziaé Agaa
Bazzgaégre ~» §§G $58
By' its €0m.pa:3;§r Secrsiargr
5%:
15
16
17
18
19
3§
'Widia India Ltd,
8/9'??? Mile; Tumkur Read
Bangaiere »--~ 563 073
By 1't$ General Manager HR
Mangaiore Chemicals
and Fertilizers Ltd,
Panarnbur V
Mangalore -- 5??) G10 - __
By its Cemgany Seeretarg
Senapathj; V\7hit<:~,1ey _
PB. No.10 Achah; ' I V V '
Ramanagarajn - 5".7'1 '£3 3f1_ ._
By its Vice Preside;;i' {B'in2_;n:{~:) '
Goetze ;Iri€§i'v2?¥1:V:.i;fd§3--. - _
Ye1ah»23j3§a§I_V;Ei3.n'ga;Qr*.:_-- SEESCE 064.
By its }i1}ifl:10FiSfi€i4R€p1'€S€fltE1}".§V€S
AS 63' Brow '~B<V3x»:.e1 '}";~ . , .
PEG: 3303.' PE-€;_¥i}'&'£: Indu.si:r.i.a1
Area' Pcenya, Bailgaiore »- 560 058
. By its" E2i¢:::<:VuTi:ive'- (HR)
isaafir-Meb::e's"'L:':i.!
_Nt:»,2€«; "~E>';eer:3ra Endusmiai firea
3 -- Fiigasé Elangaiaré M 5&0 SE8
2 '-
' E3;-*"_i'_%';.$ iiémparzjg' Secreiargz
'i.':§v::fii Engizieexiing 'éfarias Ltd"
* E §i.2,/1%., PB. 1\Ze:;>'583fi§ ¥e&r1:;a §E1§."iJ;S%";¥f'i&}
Amag Eazigaiaré W 569 $58
* Kwamy Bzsczms P2,-vi. Ltd.,
EBB ?€0.39Q2, fifiyssre Raasi
223
24
25
26
49
8*" Mike, Bangalore
by ifs Ifiirectar
Ingersefi Rand {E} Ltd,
Peenya Izzdusiriai Area, Feenya, b
Bangalore -- 560 G338 " ._
Rept, by its GP, Human Res'c;ur§;'es:-..
Managerfi V "
Hindustan Lever Ltci.
Bangaiore Factozy, RB
N0,18'?'6 Oid Madras
Bangalore ~-- 560 {)_i}'3 _ _V a _
Rept. By its Factery ii/£afr;age;'r
Panyam C,eI1<3._ent.;f~§ and' NIinér&1.._ .
Inéustfies }1a;=:c1. , B: _N'o.8_9'Q_1'* "
Mad;iVaI'a._P9sf:_, B0mm:1naha§_Li H '
Bangg;10%r_é;»'_-- 560 088] ._ * ' '
,R€;pf__ 111:8" ';.iI3},r€:s1'6,.en:
::"_~3_t:impp '<3: "So__'Hiappa Ltd ,,
1 X2, Hesuzt Afigaiifi "i{7era;rnang3§a
Bangaiore 5567) €)$'%}§3
. ' »R:ept. VB§,?"'['§E§'*'3€1'I€I'8.} Managcr {Admn},
Ci')?-'i?P9<¥'i§é""S<i€?_1?;.€"§*»5»1"§"
WEI Appefiants
' 23%;'? KG.4§Q91 cf 2GQ}
.. $.16 CfiE'3fifi1§SSi0fi€1' efLab0ur
's:';'.;év"€, Q? Eiarnatsiaza
AA "ai'ES§4B:3iEé§:1,_§;L§£., Reaé
Sa§':g3.Ea'r$-2
41.
The Un.d<-:1' Secmtary 20 Gova,
I)ۤ3't. of Labeur
Govt. of Karriataka
M S BL2i1d.ing
Dr. B R Ambedkar Road
Bar1ga1o1'e - O1 ~
AND:
2
«' iE3a..I:1'§§e;§0re -W560 C130
Mica Contraci, I:',n1p10yé:e$
Association ' ' ' ' "
No.20/1, [1 F100;} V G GQ13aE'v.E31;ivi,§di11g "
Lalbagh Fori: R0aVci~~._ ' '
Bangalore -- 560 004 _ -- L b V AA
Rep. by its General Sec;'ۤ'i;2iry " '
The Ge§16:*alV:'Mar{:ag§:r_ ..' _
C0rnr;1e§cigfl' Plant §\/E:3._n.a'g_{<::1f1--r:n
Motar In_éi.L1S*t:'§_es _ '
.1iosaV.1;~'R0aEi3;:;:Adug0di
:._Bang§a}0'1é:2 5;» 56()--.Q3~Q _
Tf:§: i;13{é:";€r.;1E ?y§a:é'a§;_éI*«
(P€fSQI1I1€1 a.11dA}Iu.1}3a;:1 Res0L1rces)
-- .,i\;'I0t0fI:1c§usi;rie$"4 CE}, £161.?
H<>su:' R(>-ad, Adugedi
., .R€3S§}{1=i";.5z€i1§S
" 'WE?' ?*3{':.4.§.{3Q2 of Efiiéi
v'"EfE."';&.=3* {f<>m::::ssei<2::t?:* U5 L2--:';>{>ur
{£02/"1; 5}? §{;2::=:2at§:ka
VESZL. E%:.2.':E{§§3;§§g§, 13.5,: §'~Z{"}::"%{§ E _
Bam.§§a.§r_2:'€--2 /"I
V I .-- 1 5'-z}:)fi3<:1_1';:111"'ts
JKND:
43
The State of Karnataka
Repi. By the Secretary to Govt..
Dept. of Labeur
M S Buiiding
Bangaiore -« 01
The Commmsioner of
Labour in Karnataka
Karmika Bhavana
Bamnerghatta Road
Dairy Circle
Bangalere V' "' L. _. ...App€iEé§Lnt3
Workmen «Qf'-Mich
Nag££?ia§*.h3;j:2u3:a VC-aj,m.Ttée:1 _
Rept. --,By*. .f.ff;e M3' 00. C'0fI1it.raCt
¥v'c31'1«:§e1*:*:' Ufiion ¥:;--y its Prkzrfidént
No.42," Ii._~S:ag<:, 1*-«m*;.,_1I Stage
EH33 CoiQ:i.zyf';~LBas3A:tees'11_waranagar
Bé:.:.1j1g?'a1<:::":«:..¢~ " "
j ' /S.'4;iV§s'{£I)v'f'L€V}I"?1"I1(j.I':{ST;;i.Li€S» Cemyany
L§':ni:ed., fia.ga._:f1 aIe:ha§ura Piami
;'Z%};ngas.an&ra Post
..Bafi§9?«§i3re -- 569 Q88
* ,,§{€@; §"}'3,¥.f.§?s;43
G€f:€z'3;2 Secreiayjg
E3: B.':§ubrama21.i
" ._'§?§gf§*aj€Gr; Ceniracier
Miss; ffiéaganaihapum Ca:*;.:L€€%::
S'in§as3;s:2éI'a Pas:
Bangaéare ---~ $63 038 =..§'%.e$p9;r:é€:;.*{$
gig/,..
45
Mysore Read, Bangalore »« 26
Rept. By ihe Executive
Directer
The Adciiiional General
Manager (HR), Bharat Heavy» ~-
E1e<:tri<:a.1$ Ltd,
(Electronics D-ivision}
Mysore Road _ .A <
Bangalore -- 560 026 V ._ V ..,ReVSpajr1»:ienis
(In WA N0.3124;'_2O€)5 --_s§;$}§;<3I_I&:;ts afe «rfipreféented
By Ashe}; I~Iarar;'ai%t..§3.1Ii,_AG Se Q2233 Veda Mufthyg GA;
In WA No.3 124/2005.' } R%as§on;;¢nt5a;«g represented
By Sr: B Na;'ayan;1 S'<;=zgm1§,?, ;{5xd%?Q€:ate for R1}
The Ufidef 'Séfiiien 4 of the Kar"nata,ka
High Court Acjt. "p"ra3.*ir1g;*«-':\Q"'*s§:t_a;$;ide the order passed in writ
p€3tiT.i{}1'1 N0'Sv,2'8'5':77m78'-.€)f* 2QQ§ Bjfld 35864-855/2001, dated
13M4w:3,o05..._
In writ mfpeai giéé '-2605
BE'1j9g'EEN':"~V ' "
_ 3%'; C3-Qasf, Paper Wgiiis Ltd,
, 'Ba.I1de§i,-- ;§f8«--3;_ 325
{_ "Bahgmiag&r.' "
" .:.?=5:ara*§§a:;na;d»g Dirstrici;
Efijgfis Exécigtiaie Siraciar
{§:'1"éus::3;"§a-E «Reiaiiem & Famargz E=€a§:age2*}
§§.L, Chgndak
V V' figfié 5531 fzaars msxgpeiiani
{B}; 8:32. T T Abduiiag z%&'<.;G€ai:e} H '_
2/
48
State cf Karriataka
By its Secretary
Department of Labour
Muiiistoreyed Building
Br. Ambedkar Veedhi
Bangalore
The iabour Commissioner
Kannika Bhavan.
ITI Compound
Bannerghatta Road
Bangalore
The President _ % _ , . V
Karnataka State C0Vnt'1'act *
Labour Advisory B_Qa.s:dV '
Bangaigrg' *
_ *
A Regis?.e1*c:{i»..'I':'adé:afini0;i
R€:gi$f.er€d.V_ufl Cier 't---}j;é*
Tradrj: Uirlion Act 19:26
A. -- Eiavirig its Officé at; Heogi Btiiiding
Scmam'. Raga
if):m€:£s:1i Read
,Dan':f;;_e1:. {Uitara Kannada}
' '§"E:%fi_'~G€$éraE Secretary
'=5? %?:sif313ast Fags}? EIEEES
EH§§§30}7€€S C0--9peraiiv%
" (31% eéii: Saalety
Bianguynagar
fiandaii
Ufsiara Kannada ,HRe$§>s>f:é€:'2£$
48
2. Ass iihe sL1bj€c:t rI1ai1<-:-'1' of aii {hese eip}3e:a1:1
q'uesi.:i.0x1s raised and 10 be c{>'r1sici(:1'ed are 0z1e?. €'~;nd_'ti1éj 'v§:é;s':z€,
they are Takan up for C3()Y1Sidt'fI'E1,UOI1_;i£}~g€§'E.§"}€lT"éfid _ 2
'(hi3 order.
3. For {he pu1"pOSe 331' cc3f:ve:i':ie:ac:e:,_f3_;h§3" §3art:;é.'s are
're£'1:~:1"1t'ed to as they are refes.if€:*<i to "in ":,h e: Eqriginal V£--'§'Iii
proceedings. For pr0p:é3*..;1pp1*é§fiaiién £13.? ._ the §egé11"ifss;ueS which
arise fer t::<3I1sidem.t.i0n in .t.hes'<,>7§:s:foc.¢é'dAAi:71§§js;_ iheé fexcis in WP.
Nos. 2s677w7_$,:'--2p@_1 are 3q'§:_§;>:1y.44fst§:"us_c:.' '
'1}f;7s5v53,_ pt3 '§ivfiO§fi€3j" is a VNaL§e'r1a.i Trade Union Cenrre
;*ep;:esé.m£r:;g 'ihéfi:*1ie1*::é'Té[.__{fifths working class. The second
§}{f'L4¥L'€.i€}E1€?(:"§__§§'£3VTf€1§§é'.§§'I3,i5{.s*} ;'eg§s3t.e:'e5z under {hf} "Frame {Enigma
A€:';;; }..'§'?;.€§ ar1<§~iV:.Vh.as :1 ::1:t:'11b%:1*Eship in Engi:1e61*i:";g Indugtriés
mic} :§{{3152'f3'.E'2i§..'S€§"J'§{Té'"E:SJE,E1'§}§;§S§}§1}E3§}.§,Sa 'E3fz=.5~3iées :°E§}r€S€:§§,.iz:g file
:_:»:"§f_§22¢.?j1i':e:s?:{E ,Vi%:<;1*fé;e§'s, §'l:7E{?'%,' §*321v€% Eieen 21$5§i{§a2{>::.&es§}7 €;'},g§ag%:?C£ $.21
:.z::{;rg22_m.§;:i.s;%{§ E.;/:§*;s:;2.::: 'E'i':<e §§%i{T.'€."3§1£E §;<~*:i;.§E:.i<>:":2::~;'~
§}':2%;'{m <=:}~:=; ;*s;§'§§i2:§.sd 3.9 the ffisség. g}::=~.'§,31::;'.{;m;*,:"w§':*-:5?€:m%;.s1{::':a %;h.§:~:§.
4:9
fiflé fourth petitieners are empioyed in the C£1?i'§€€1§1V'»I_"{.iI"{ and
maintained by the reependemfimanagement.
The second respondent; ;'.ss1:ed._a. rt{>tifiVeext}£er1V"v§de.Nu.:$.1.
KAE:6L\3VA:9'? dated 114.199? ;pm15j_ib~e:n7g~. "
contract labour fer industria1__ea.;1teefi:: :21.fae.:ei'iee--.Venf{p10y1ng
250 workers and aboVe__:in the _Vfi{arr.ia;':,«3,k_a efiereising the
powers conferred u}:1<:'1e'1~*.§fSe£:'t§.Qr1{_"ivVOf"i};'vaif;d.,b (2) 0f the Act. The
said notification. earne""iof?:>e'--Aiseefieij «éifjer considering the
unammoueteee§jfimendaéions_<.ef-- ViheV"'Si;aie Contract Labour
AdViSG£§?"'E{§eij?a ;e§;g:1siit.{;te'd' bytiié Siate Gevernmezzfi; under
Sectio:1:'*2._%'<:§f Rule 3 of the Rules and eonsiste
of equaIuV'e«--:3}um35er C=_f" Vfiepresentaiives from the em.p1o3->*ers~
maézagefment, tfad,e;__};£1iene anti imdepemdeni; member,
' _ 'fiéere that: '?G% {eateries in {fie State ef Ke;:*r:a%;aka
.§c::':;:e Eifieiei" purview and amhit ef the zzeiifieafien and were
§'°€':(.§Ll;i:§"'f',"§. abeéieh eentraei §abeu:° e}=~'si:e*§:'; in iheée e23;'r:tee§;e.
.AE-§evs;e%é'ezi eeme 45} mamegezgienie eeing aggréea-'ed by ihe
Ea,/'
53
37. Statement. of Obj€C'£.iOI'1S was filed on the
State. They admit the earlier legal preceedings, zhe "1'§~').'J['1fE'V,:{f"'c'V{3;,i.('3!I1
under Section 108) of {he AC1 and the
Court upholding the I10{ifECEiUGI}. _Hw€)'.i«-"C'.-"€1'.",' . 2
the Supreme Court held that the p1'0i";i'bi1:£ei3. of .
eorliracz Ia':30ur is a 1'z1att.e1' V(2'£'_p<)1i.ey'*ei'=¥,.he
could decide whether to in ah
esiab1i.sh.meni,. irrespeetive xvheiher workmen
were engaged. in core 2V1(>i...iii}'i13;"AQr ._aciivity. The statute
requires that the GGx*e_r;in1e1':i_V ?{1as:"~~.i;i3f¢nrisL1§£. the Advisory
Board: be_{0ife._--vV _i&VsVs1V;.i;'1«g""'gmy _' Ilotifirsation. iiowever. the
GOV€I'§'§Z1}6IT[ is nt:'IA:_L"{:_€:3;;.:}Vti»..b37 {he advice given by the ;«\dv1ser}=*
Beard. 'T§f:e_VSiva§.e ~'_3re:A>'v_er'2'3..%:"1n-52:11. inéiizxicéd aeiiorg Le glmpiemem. the
said ne'£%_§i.catie'1<:_,«AE {}.1aJ£ peiné; Of ?L§me., Kaz"nat.a}~;a Eimpleyees
A «s'§$e<.%eié::;§e:_n"«gave a 1'epreSez2{,a2§,§.e:1 ii} the C{3}1'}.'}.fi§.§.SS§8E1€1" GE
1 V§..;§ib%§§'L'%3?;'~..§{3§'€;:~"f'?§§E1€?'§ii. of §'iE.iE'"§}2ii.§.i§{2-3. ':*ea:;:.:ee::§::g iihe wiéhdravsiai of
E.E?:,eV §;{>§3'j.:'.;.:5.ae:;é>Qi;:{;£>:": iiziéeé §.'i,»4'.%.§§§Z?'. The sub:%?iaI::1:';e: Gf fiffleii'
:*e§§$ee§%':':&::§5ien @215 iéege ::-:{m'::e>;£ 5%' {he §".1'E§:"iE':'€i;'fE. {::'§e:z":§.e.;:':
' ..;§§eba§§:5.er;§ Zifiii? eezéenemie §}{}§{ij,-' :3? the €rearer:::1";e:1£,, eke §3:"e{:e::+S
54
of dwreguiatiéirz and de-contra} haé been intrgéifiéed to
faciiiiate Cwcrdinatien of market ferces. IE.'_i.§ wfi"1'\"3'~. '
siiuatiorl. industria} establishments have to ~f9C1:if3«_O1'1.:.E1'3£€1'r éuxe
competenciea for survivai and growth Qf T'$:>§;$'inés3s=f0 :'..whic}1use "
of outside specialized serv£(:§:5 weré*--¢§$sent1aT},';--'V--A. f€§ec::.i_1sV:G:1
peripheral activitieg such s§cufi:34z,'«"':.§*§o1;i:§eVV keeping,
gardaning, transporiétiqn, 'ifihléading, feed
preparation and servicé strain on the
eStab1ishme:r:}.s;:«.gV§iistr§§§cti;;igf5 from the core
activities. €'4DiV:éi1"Si'd:i.._obf Sources to peripheral activities
weuld ma1{;é'vL'._--1'hae7. ;esia'5*1.i:V$13m_ent ineffective and inefficient.
There $13.8' no §:is--iifiéé.i.{s:i1:"'.f0r inlpesing unpmduttive Work
'burdsn an 'the' §rian%;:faCiurin.g aciiviiies which wouid cause
Aer£.g£m5n..:gwv%. _fmaz1%:ié;1 strain, egpeciafiy when there are
'V;«:a.pé7cia3'i:~?«,VeA<§ agé_;i:<::es regzdsring {base servicesfi The expansion
e3f__ih€ V$€§*§:'33';;;'é seam: is givizfzg mare empiaymezzi @p§<:>:":u:;iiy'.
The 5%:-éaéis €§@*ve;:nme'§3.t might ta enceurage mdireacfz émpieymané:
3:: '§a§'*$ice Sfiiiéi' vah'§<:h has gaeat smpéggmezzi pgtentiai éasisaai
'sf fcsrcingf direci erizphynaerzé, gatemiafi 'iifhfififi paieiziiai :5 very
=';~%",3%
<:%xpe.c:1,a;tic}z2 in '$126 mind of the cc>z1€.2'ac'i'. laéjcmr tE221t;v%1i§%'@§jT';2;9L11c1
be absmbed by the: princi.;:>2a..l c%:I1;3i<)§ge;' is LI.¥"::§;.BIi£tbv§C..:'
p€'ts'.i,i0z'}<:r:~3 are c()mz*ac't. 1ab0L1:'er.s. '§'h€§_£ i°1.a\z'e';*' 21:3 "2:c:
bx': absormztd by the ;31'i;;.{?ip;-11 e1Ii=;f>1c3y:-31j }.}.z2{i¢' !§é"€. :£}'::§'t'i.{1cfa{.i{3x3
e1bc31'ishi11g2; '£116 céo11t:ra(:i. 1.3,§'fiLL}L:IZ' is' _i.s§::1.2ed[.'" fg'TEi}._e1'e_§ is :'1x€;.
rn.2:1f1c:§21[()I*y {}§)1ige1i.i<>'I1 on the piizti of '£,he L':31;_'11'i£={ C}:>i;'€rt11:3'1€r1t' 131::
a1::o3§.ss§*1 c:<>I1.tr2-Let'. Iab{}L'11j.«.'I'h<.% <i:}<%<fi'e;i<.i_,iV=:_3;§"«is vestssci in the State:
GC}V€1"{}§I}f;'I1t. {,0 issue <)r"_z}{'it..i',<;v:is&§L1.e:--"£E:€' ~~V::1C>%:i.£'i<:a.1ion, '§'E1e1'e is
no aL1f,<>1}.'121ii:::" 213:3 "-£;:>'1'p{'i.1-*,3I:1 €05 (:c5':'1f;.921-é:i.12z.b0tI:" an §SsL1.iI1g__§ 0f 21
noiifictaléori p;*()_§1Ibi'%.i_rug"-[.'.'jt.§"1é3'-~_.:;af;1e;' much 163$-3 that the
r20i..ific:,_a{.i<3z";_ s_é1..;c';"1,é1"*« .:f_§g_7;'%1i'_' in c:om.:"21m:' Iaboxu'. The Siam:
G:}ve1*:}:1':¢mf'LM }ia'1§_§'--ié3;~1'11.E:Ci"'ihe i1':'1pL1g::<-xi 1'1<)i4ific:21'£.1T.(>1'1 21ft'.a:%r
C(3:'2s::1'1'aI.i<>1:i' *;&;'§IE1' i,E1<2 'S'€' 2?:t.e fioafd. A53 heid by 17:18 E3L.1pre:m€
C<j:;::'i,. 3--f?c<>1'i":?=..1'1h;£1E31{)'1:f{Wis <;*:0:2'1_pE£*é;.€ =2%5he':1 {.he:'{2 is @x<:haz1ge of
:'i7gL.1.i':;.:A;%§ k?§e3v? ;::a_<3§;=1§',5 arzéé i;*.§gz:11':i:'}2;2'a.i<3z: {:i"iE'1é% 'rs::1a2'£'.§v€ ;';;1e:"ié',:=s zmd
<:z};':'_j:§Eii':i:: ffhisea; §"€3€§1,E.§E"{i?§1E€?EE'§, §:..:§i'f§§é:>.{§ in figs"; §}E'€';":'*SfiE'£".1.E. (tease.
ii?' * V "§"§':a* :::§'11;:}§{:j~;€e':* 2-zésss} §};Eé:%{;§ "';.1%<%<'§ ss;§.:::§,%:%:':§:"::':¥;'. <:::si'
f}f§§;§{."?Téi':.EI§f{)E'"i§:§; 1'%fi,€::' !"'{?}3.'E&'.E'2?iEZ§¥§__§:{ whzzéi: {her $%;.2«1§i& £2218 $a11<.§ in 21,316:
59
statenzent. of objéctioxls, they c<}z1'uer1d ihai. the a1{:';i{>.:'i r;f' the
State: G()ve'rr1r11e11t is legal, proper, vaiid and in §L_?;ii';§"bf§V§':$i...j:i1§ij'€I'CS'('
of the industries and workmen in the State 0.? :'I"fi§}§3::'I;LE#,:i:'c}:§fLE1.>
progress 0f {he -State is gezlefallyté
prosperity 0f the iE1(§'L1SU"i€3$.; _' if
closed down 01' new indusé'1*ié.§§L<L..;:j§i'{* 110%, State Vbf
Karnatakzi, the Number of
jobs in 816 111.':1E1E,I§".?L(Iti'.}LVI"}:.£'}'3g" vSg(?'£01:.,:':Ei::¢ v €ji.3?xfiI}CUiI'1§§ due to
auionlation, sassy £mp0ri1S
and 0i.hers::.'[ i;;"e't%cfer1t:::g;§LEé"'o.f_'j3353 zzre increasixlg in the se.rvi.c:€
sector which 'ii:a.r:1;:de::s ihé:.i_nr1L1_si:ria1 canteens. If ayiy restriction
is put (in {he si31f{fi<f€.sé'<:*i€i:"«.f3siab1isE1n1e11ts, that W311} aise result
in zfedtxititignv in-_ The1*ef'o§'e. the" S€£"'.;'i£'.€ secior
esIVr«:i.:biisi'Z1,:r:€~:1é;'s' =..sh0L1Iri be er:C:>:.:ragg€d Wi€;h£>z,zi. putting any
':*te_sé.ri.ei;?;1":_, The a<:'::ia:>;}. =3? {he Stats in ;*€e2=»::én<:ii:1§; 'zhe
Vz':<3E'§fi{:v2-"{%i'i5}:'*: 'd;é1€:e:E £§;4.E§*§Z?" :°€fZ§:.:%fi;;<s ma: §€Z}h{.'.:=,='" e::=i' Ehe
G<.t;j%:€r§;z:§€%:':. 'zmti E31. é$ in 21cr:.0':'C§;me::€: 2. «";'%'.h éams.
60
1}. The Union Finance Minister in his bud;§_§e§_ p,1aced
befere the Pariiameni in 2001 has Zaid .311
restrictions on out sourcing of work without a;':§,r"ci§ff:3;*¥a:iiia._i£z:3f:
to core and n{3r1~<:o3re activities an gnantract _'bas:iS: ; 'VF}1VV€3v',"1'i?/Vr£'.(*V:'--_'V"VE¥,1VV:\,? _ '
published Ecenomic SuIv<::y reficyrt -»::1r3éLr1«}',--*..1s.fieiE€é' :Eha'i::V[ ihe.
contract Iabour laws as it existés t(>C1'a§,§"rnak€$.Vi?'TAi.1fiz;§0s§§i§§Ee
genuine smali seaie entrep:'r:fi§%:s::_rs "to---- vé;éfx}ices
industries. Over all Eabgur Ea» are au;rg.en{1Ey needed in
the wake of ecoraornic '3"1':3iérai£-:;a:i;-i€}};1'4glabaiizatjom that has
been accepted by the_GI§K»'ernm§:;t, éf The impugned
I2otific:ati01:f;he *.i4;;i"ts:;fest_'0f industry and Labour. The
measure: 3:31:63. State G-Gvernrzleniz cannot be
charactaiztad as 22.-nti'«.§é£b;r;:bi2:'. 011. {ha ether hand, it is required
in ia1%;eresf'é>f'§;_E':e«.}abour itsazéf. Gui saurcizig of werk. wiii
':1:i2._c::"r3a.$:3; fimpisgrmeni in the 0:'g;ar:§:»:5é seztimt "£11.35, me
§§r:_2§:ug;§.§V:75:Vs:§§"::{§Ti;§§§:<:atie':§ 'Si-'hi{?h §e§E€~r{:'é;ss 3.3} :E1es{;% asspeittg £3 2-='a;Eid
is téflpheid.
6}
12. In the field of Inciustry today, the running of a
Canteen both in India and elS€where is regarded as a
It is a specialist: activity. There are: prefessionaimziaijéffifs ¥;éqh0
have commissioned spur Kitchens Gf employing-31 1:3i*gé' iraéngd'
work force. Canteen services are an iffipariiané,' :5@7g:<:_16::fi: 'ef ifrie T.
growing service S6CtDI' in thew ié 2*
business Venture. The n0;!_ifigé1'i;iQi1:
€Xl'St6I1C€ as an importapt 'iufl-,'§h€ géfiiicévjaector. The
Canteen activity being a manufacturirzg
Organisation?» tfieen able to deveiop
rexpergise inx .e;fea. 'F§ 'i'sV__the_'expert, bodies who can organize
such aétiyity such expert. éstabiishments are
avai§3a§":'3€= i'{'V\é;?£?_u§'(3;"'1Z)€i '§I13:16 interest of the industrial SECEOY to
{eri'?::ri:s€i'L'A i:§;..;:;": acfiifify :0 such es'i:a§o}.£shme;:1{s. P;'a<:':,i.ca1
3ii'1T..'r:§.::"21":i:2g,g 'aha canteen é€:Se:r2.---*e R} be acted if {ha
c::n:j;k éeeé: fzzrn mg} fez' war}; SLEd§€I11:v_¢_F; ii WEE: be pracéicaiy
impesgiéifi far the mazzzigementg ix: make aitemaie
_ :%a;f?z°3I;:"':g€§'£§e:~:*:'%;,. S:,:.€:E'3. a .3§iuaE§sé:: '=§£E:§§ iezzii :3 §.ffi5:a:$£:1"§a"£ r:3Ea'€§3:":s;
prebiemg. Whfireas the Cantraciegg 'arszha aaifi be §T18.1?iIi§ $233}:
63
reforms. The Union Finance Minister has mamted v:.1*;:3f"';'u:1ea of
aiiowing the engagement of centract Iabaur bQ'1;'rI"i;r:V'~<:_{$c r%&:§__'é;:¢:d
I1OI1~COI'6 activities. This is with a View to aiiQsa2_'ji1'::: i3§d'us1rie5 1;)
cancentrate on their Care-competifsncies' e;§'Jh_i;:h '1'<-'::V<:;.,:5:£i.:*§;;c1 for V
the survival and grewth of th_9.if}C§auS3;:f::f.~. Th€fieé'affér;' t}i'€;»E"hétw%:
traversed afi the allegations in Fégitiéns pare?
wise and they prayed t1'1a,_t theV'Wri§L.:F:€{i:igns bévvdistnissedk
13. The 1eaméé:i'sing1§2i:§}vu£g§éf_.AA,affrgr considering the
rivai c0ni:entio_n":3_ hefidw V'V?;1'~.-véii "a::'L».Go€rernVme'nt can issue a
flOti'fiC€a1IiOfi1ffi'S{?i1j1&if1g'.iiEs. §f3if1i§EE' notification under Section 10
read 1>vi;1':hV Se;::1§iGr§i2---:.£ '~::f4'i£:1;gé"C§énera§ Ciauses Act but if, has to be
d0'r1e--3i11 a mazrgziér accéptabie in law. Eiewevezz the Gevernment
hag nQ?'i: taken i:i':u¢i5" Ce11.sidera'5ei0r1 {ha reievam factersg thus
駧éC'z?'§i'g.V_iizé'-.£€%s:iSi0n Hiaiimg §}F@€€SSl< Yhefg faflfid ta see ihe
éajgfier jucéiciai appm:--"a2 b3; the §":::gh.eSi: Cczura {E16
Qbjeciifii the $3.01; irnpacéi 9? Secimn E${2},, divided apizziazzg eta
ziaihflssr 3~§'"E'§'%:'iE'E§ aé; a decfisiazzg 8:": $253 {:eEZ*:er' hani €:E2.€j; 'mafia §:*1't$
cansideraiien the ééviéaé opinian ané the dissugsien the
2
64
Secretary had with the Chie.£'Pv'H11iste1*. That. by it4sei'§':j5t:1d net.
be acceptable factea' in the: de<:1'ss§{>r1 making pI"Q.f3.E§SS,. '*-:gfi*t§'V.iS
welt settled that ifre1evaI1t' .faci,0rs are emitted vif-iffeT.ew;:nt'
facts are 'take};1 into c0'r1sidemtior1, jt.§'}Mé 'dc.f~.ts3.or1.;r"11;flii1'2,g§pmcé:.ss T
13 said to suffer in terms of t.h€ju&g%1'g€3h!; thé' Sufp.t'e'nie_.C.gt1'rLV.
Therafore, he hate! that the inaptgncd 1.1€:1ti.fiC21I;..ic3:2 i*';11Vis"cé1atraf};*
to the very objectt. of t.h£3«,.--,§c,£, a:11.d"'é1"2{é_"s2ii€§.notificatioii requires to
be set aside and ztcctordifzgiy'hcsjézt}asi'd§?:*§Vht.sz1id notification.
14. In Sf'? far V1'ega11a*rizaE,iv;jrh1 of the Contract
labour}, thetAAVE§t:'a'r':1xeV:c1A Jpdge held that. the stat'ut<:>1"y
canteeiis u {:{J1I1'L'§'§1V{..'.'C stzmd on a diffamzlt fasting
Cempared ti; g:St'h€:éf'-CO:1t.;*':it:t. §ab0'urers. They' aye entitied for
z'e§:'ti:Ea:fi;:ét*:t_Q;:. HE' £7:€.1.r:i' that $0}; q2:ashi.:1g the 110'£'ifE=:21'éi<m dated
~ Z';.tt?;;é"vs:_zt:*E.te:" Z":{5E.if§{':8fL.§(}§2 éated §§»'é'E99? ttsmés; Ema
<}§3%%_;;2ié:'5>:§:._f;t'i2é'v€§'§°€:{ét €'.h2%;t é;.h€ {':€::>zT:'£,:'a<?t §21§"',%{E{i§'€E°S *<.a:0r§§§:':g 11:":
s;tt,2;a;*-:.';1.t<>'Vr*§,.?' .§;7.i2::";é'.<:':e;'3.ss are ersttiiéészi ix-3 :"eg_§uE2=.:'é.:2:{:{€ by the
€:.>:$g3£:{?i§%;'%_: §E1§i?.'iE2_§_?;_€§'EE€3'§'E§.E§ ii: 'i'€:mh::=:=; e.:>.§ aha? §:':zp:.:;e§ 2€{§, <>r:§%31*,
EX/,._.
66
jurisdietien under Article 225 of the Constitution cannei
judgment over the merits of that deeisien. itjlss '
decision Gf the Government. Secondly§:;.e._c4en1;eIiéeée.--i;hel1f V
if the impugned afzotificatien is quasheltil iflclraes flat"fe'llQ{ax:l'l1i.%3;§i.i
the earlier nofifieation stands
by the learned Single Judge. that (:VQl§e'e:quVe_»;'1i tel iil1eV._e;1;e3shing of
the impugned n0tifica1iie:.':i,..l:lAl éfiiilficatien stands
restored is e0nt1"ar'y5f0 l.':LV£--':_5?3'.'i"';x".3.. ef the
Constitution Be_n§eIe1 lfilegfurther contended
that under no! .g:3re.1£§n$te1neeé;-itheV'1ea19::1ed Single Judge could
have i;decl3A{rAeiil._--v a'};E.v:°v.rg;:1"ls:e1*s e§11pleye<:l in these Canteens
weuld b~é:§::Cr:1.e':*egz;{lar:_le:;f§%jj1éyees of the management by virtue
ofgotifleafilen"E1::1eieI'zSee'{i0r1 18 :35 the Act' if on the date of
gssule ea": n€:%.ifieaiieli1m,ll the statue of these workmen is that ef 9.
leent§'3§ei.._¢la'be::::g 12:; {he firet neiifieatien iesueei me eight is
ee1j1.fer:*Ve:E_?c}{'gi:'li;hem 31% make éhem germamearzii emeiegees ef the
fe;e'§{>i:';;,_3 '§'l":e managemezaig 22$ gzehibiied fyem empleying
er;-§'?;:°ae€'. Ezéfeeufere. E': zieee net; Eellew thee. {'i@'§"§3;.§'E§{f§ le.':2eu:'er$
(fife emplayed in theee canteens? by véziue ef the ::ei;§.§ieatien,
lg//,
68
request of these appellants requesting the Ge%:7ehfi_'r;1e'n1: to
rescind the earlier Neiifieation, the Governmméi of
Section 10(1) of the Act, sought epinion ;af"t'1':é'1';7s¥:'a+;:¢'.,:;3ag;?&;L'
On such request being made eaelii {«h»e .
Beard expressed their epinief; Bed i1Vie're'21f1;Ver
the members were of the View Efiotjfieatien is to
be rescinded, they the Government
aecordmgiy. Even at éiseussiens took
pfaee, The e0siee«f;ne'd §VEini§3te'r was against the 'rescinding of the
Notificatiozdg 35- :2 the _1}a'be;1"r"Aeiiefgzrfzissionez' was against the
a"escin:y:1ing e'fTj:h_e7earl1e'1r'_Notifieatien. However, the Chief
Ministeffifl' C0113?flefa¥'.iG£1_.ef"ei1 views was of the 'L-'i€W' that the
matter requires'V.ee:1S-idemtien and ?.he:°eaf*:er 3. ee:1scieu.s
V'"-.deCé.S:§011eV.W;a§ iakeééwtee rescind the eegflief Eiietifécatiern The
d1£ee'::eeVi'::g::e VVée:éki§j..the reaeeee are {Game in {he preeeedirzgs of
Ae'§s;ise:"}*_ €'e::;'e;1i:tee amei the neiiee zmtzmiained and we reeerée
ae eXi':fae':ed 'B3? ihe Eeamed §.i_ngEe Jueiggez in big Jazeigggelené. after'
"«_"§s}e%};;2§.?; mm éfihe e:':T§:s:.n.e,§ reeerde ef iheé Ge:?e§:n§:1e§";§ E eieefljgi
' ésemerzetraées éiihe en fieatien ef fliiflé 'ie 3}} me :'e§e:»-"en: faezere
T E3
3%//..
71.
extension of the said benefit to the workmen. Tk1eugh*
cf 22 canteen is not the primary er core V'
employer, Certainly it :13 incideniai te the~$aq1§i it 'A u
is statutorily provided in the P'aetorieeWeACf: ; tee'
activity includes the mnmi§£g"J'_§3f.... 3; the = L'
Government. being satisfied 1e'ga§,.:v_;fe«§;vv1:3xirerr:ent
prescribed under Seeiiori'««V_Qf::j;E%e"'-{Seepassed an erder
abolishing e0ntraCE.._Iab0u:r;V-- being given
effect 1:0, giving effect t0 the
said order, or€1.,;a. the empioyers, they
couiciarleft; earlier notification p'rehibit1'ng
eontraet _'en1fi3ie3z_ff1e.iT1+_>-V:'4§e::':L"'eénieens. The gower te abolish
eemf_r3.c§ sieteieriiy provided under Sectien §O{1} of
ilejgce Hs:i:'e'§vpeu?er is exereiseé jug': fie achieve a
ihe Geveremeni £133 :20 pewer 'E0 reeeinfi the
iii mes eenirargir Se {he ebgfeefi ef me fie? under
whiefii f£§%§=&i §fi'x?%F@E' is exereisefi.
§§:_,///t
'72
18. Sri M.C.1Y'arasimhan, the learned Sen§<3:*V:'ééL:1.;:1*:.seE
appearing for the respondents contended that
aboiishing the c0m'ra<:1; labour Was... "
'T°I:1o'ugh the said Notification was;
'there was no interim order
Hawsver, the managemefiw didV_;%6:'{.. Efifiiification,
They continued to 2icQL'$'itré:'.%f£i"1a.b0ur, even after
abolition. After the dis mi3:§32}1 £ when the
matter was was an iniérim
oréer of stayt Leave Petition came to
be -:Ev¥1'%i}"I"€'.I'£'1_fL'.VVV€:tZ)1,E1'1. instead cf abeying the
i'\§«:>tififiVéj.§;;>1<1, approached théz Gavaynment. In
the meai'1'x:2{i;1iEve. 'ihé'._'f'1*ai:§e Unions had {fled an appiicaiian
E3:-e;,f¢§§§'é% Vihe f3a:.:}£evV:f;'§:2:€r1£ for permissian E0 prosecute the
A m;3..:;.¢:§§c:§;w?:fi':._ for reaarizing ta Efinfair Lgbeuy Praciicfis anfi get
A ebeyi;2g":%:"& Eéatificatigm issuéd $3; ihe G-ozrernmemfg B; is in filifi
C:.;s.;;i€:<:ij. .%,h'¢.-- Savernflzent §FES'E€&fi sf taking aaiiom againaii {he
magagéznazzé. igsuaé: aha §§1'}§*d£§§":€€§ ?€e:}€1if§:::aé:.i<>;":. '§'%;e':°a§'13€€ a
iiiéeazf case 9%" maéice in $325: is made gut T§§€Z"€fC}E'€ canixnds
E '4 ..
73
that the management has defied the law, and theref01'§;"f_hey are
net emiitieci te any relief at the hande of this COtI1f?}sJ'v
Secondly, he centended that as ii: is
10(2) of the Act, that the perenniaE fiefi1iI'e_ (if e11I1;§ie§*n:efi'fVisvfhe
decisive factor which shouid w_gig.hA:'inA:ti1e mi1};e1'e;Aef
aboiish the contract ..,ii,.I1 VVVi1;'1dustej?.
Explanatiefl to ihe sai::1._ sub~VSee£ie§iVV"}*r;a}«;;ee« 'it' clear that if a
question arises, if any ether work is of
perennial I1Ei?;_L1.f:Cf-'."1;h€3Z1€CiSi;3I1.'(§f~. Lh€ appfopriate Gevernmeni:
th€F€G1I'S12~E§fiLj§3€ '~'.If'}i'1erefe$3*e"oi1ee when the Government is
being Veorixfineed '{he'eA.;iéU:'_ure of the 3..etiVity in a canteen er
factory is' of peren-13131 :r13_i:'Lu:e and they have taken a censeieus
d.e~::7'£sie:i' fie abeI'ish____:he eentrae": labour in such eameeras the
' Esaici er:d?er"é$t"fi_na.E and it cannot be the subject matter of any
re€:éew.V fgafthey eeinieé 0:33: {$7.31 this 53:0: has an G1?$'i'E"§§.i§'ig
€§§é;::; :§f}:§ ifiriue ef Seetien 3% which eoniaéns nemebstanie
" 'C%a;.:ee"' 321$) éeeiaree the? 3:13 'eyewiavr.--"e 333$ agfreemeiéée
""%V§:ee¥%zei.$f;e'::t zviih {hie Aei zareafid £292; affect {he pzwsisieme ef
'73
74
this Act. Therefore it is a 5&3}? ceniained eiéactxmxif, and
iI1\--*akir1g 'the: provisions; of the G€1§€::"21I C121us§;§"'A'Ci.,__!"E539
abS€3f'tC€3 0f a specific provision for i"€S(?if1(ZiiEfl.§__5',.,'[_h"<?.VN§fifiCa1iC2'i71$
issued m'1der Sc:ct.io'r1 IOU) is 2'1{:«:t ';)r_f;$p§:r"'_;1f:§1'
irnpugned NOiifiCEiti.Gfl §.ssu¢(j; ()fiE:--Af§?iih0:.§i;V, €§i1£§ z1E§,1*£V}'1:'4r3'1.""1'£;§.'%' é:;»'if
law and is Ifiabie £0 be struck on E§.§'}()%:i;:é%§;;3Ufld.
aiso contended that . fiV)ir'1._ r'ec<.:)'rV(V:'1'A discloses {he
question of rescinding o'i'V£;3.d¥;> was discL1ssed
in the eXpe'1't§.s{~ffé3fV:' COI1: E";'{.ii_€3;?'1f:€fC1 purpose. It was 151.0%
a t'§Ae..--dectision taken cannot be
the is only perimasive in nature
and I1 i*1z~:reai'fe:*" _ filisfif. {:%{§%i:3:E%i7i§'I1€%I1'{ $1213 to 'sake 2%. ciecision.
H01VeVe1'fi {.h:€ .n1éi{,§:;;i;1_I"reC<>§d ::i§'.53{:1o:3€3$ ¥;ha'E'. {"2163 Cezzcerxaed
fv'§i.:3f§st.ei"=, fhe §;&;;§."x<}z:r §;eCreia.ry we§::~'t 0p'p{>s€é is :.'es{:i.r}é§:1g {£12.
A e2_129.E.§%3:"iNc>§.'iff:{:2%_ii@13;' "§'.?.':.€;"€§bre €.h€:r€ is-3 mefijhing <33: §'€3{';01"d E0
V-$§:.r§W ..§§'":{: ';:é:.')§~"::§3<3:~i<3u$ {§s::Ct:i:':;i:}:': E4;«;1E»:£%::1 ':3?' {he Izzzzjeriéyi K%?'E';&3'£.}?;£%:"
i}:':_c ss2:§<i §'t?€2_§E§§.(}§}. 'W232? 5:;;§;:¢:}%;°Eéé{i by zémjsg 5§21i,i$fa{:'i{:sry maéeriai on
E'€i{?€§§f§§?§§l E55 £~:2'§'3ié.:*2a:§"§;' ;:me:§ §"§§§;§E§.§f{ 323%: §€?E%?§E€?{§ S':*§E'E§_3:§§fT fizziigaé
"32*?, ;18:?uE§€ "£§'};€f 3;;-m.'1<3. E-:16 aiiaéié $::b:1:§é:i.€€i "iizéai it ifs :':{t»"%'. CG§":'€<7E. {.0
E;
76
ccrxtrexct, ii: cazrmot be said that it is; not r1ecessar}r 5LC}'.l%I(§2':1.I"~_1'13...IE1
before passing the caid nozificaéion.
19.
contcntiozas urged, the points that;arias:}'oz*:,oi.:1?"cc3r':S'1dc1¢;§_i:iAon '
In Vif3W' of the aforesaid §aC"Ls.-
in these appeals are as Lindcri
1} \/Vlleizher the GoL:e;ir_:%%';»£2_r1€»._I1as §:J'::~c_pou;ér to rescind
2}
:32
me earlierA..fi£3£.:fi(.§c1i'f§7Ii" z.4.199:? which has
been upheld by A lfié' p'éx_.CC.=.n1_Zr.IV? '
If 'i'z";ji.§' Iléid izixdit 'i.'I":§,> the power, then.
iL5?Ei:+fa_ihVe;'==rA {'?E§3 ':3t;ii(i power is exercised in accordance
wf~2':h 'i(::tu'?' w. _
1Ar'héi'f:é':7 zgizéfebtmed singic Judge was; figusiggfieci in
'V<:Z.:2c:arir1g"- ifzcic a£Z ;:3£3%'8€>?1§$ w-he are cmpioged. as
<r<3:1§rac£----«'Eabo::rcrs in s{;c:£'u€.0ry CCéf":{"€€I?;S wouici
. E?"
. WW.
, §:s2_c{}me {EH3 cmgsicggccs cf she p¥'i?'i{?{§}€I,§ empiagger by
.z}i:t';';:zc Q3" {he n<>§:§f'%{:a§'ic:z cimtczi E E .4. .3 9:???
éfiaei 5;::4:§;§c{;f;:.acs':.z' :'ac}£.§'jEc:>:§:z'z>:*: {:Ta:.e<:§. E ,5't%'.2§Q.§
z*§;>:;<?§§':.s:§i?:§; $.52? c{z.2"§:'.c:' :'za3»§'2j§3.=tr{::§:€.crs. €"§.{,é§.£3::'§ E .5 E_;'??:¥"§i?' is
E
2::/' '
77
held :0 be invalid and set aside wau:ci.ji:.f;mi--V--z;aue
the effect Qf reviving the eariier no£1:fie;:_iiiO%:?v*- .;.
POINT No. 1 ~---- POWER TO RTKZSCINI} ' - L" %
20. In order te regulate f;"rieV 'er;i.nif--3e£ f
labourers in certain establighmeehie
prohibition in certain eircumetehees a rid.__f<3r.
there with, the Parliarziegfkf; ena3::$eeE'L'vfI£:in.§raef, 'La.*.§O1$..;:'§ {Regulaiion
and Abcslition} Act, 19575 13970, by issuing a
notification in i_h"epffieiéiiflg;a§i:ef,ie,:fQr efagxfi' hereinafter referred
to as f,he'*2 ef'£h'e~e3;§id Act prohibits employment
of contract Iabei;:rf;-ffiie pfovision reads as under:
_ "I G;-. Pfoh;'b--itie:_: Qferrgpieymeni of contract" iabozarx
;?\?0§'§§e'i£f1s«z0ending angzhing eonzazlned in {his
.Ae§j,'«.Ei'E1e appreprriaie Sevemmeni znagg aféer
A "ee::ea:§%§§i§€5n waif': She Cenimé Beard 0:: as {he ease
53.25% a Szafe Eearde p:*0?*:ibi:', by n3£f§ff.ea:€,er2 in
.. ffge Qffieiaé flazeife, empéayznenif <3?' eerzémaea Eaheuz"
a'%: are; emeeee, e;:2emz"§.e;rz gr celher L§f{??'§€ in any
e$£'ab§2;s?::2':en:.¢
78
{2} Bejbre issuing any notification under
Section {1} in reiaiion to an eszablishme_nt;"'»%ne -1- V
appropriate Government shall have regQfL£..
conditions of" work and ben;3fiis";:2r§>i2:ideci tine:
contract labour in that e3:nci;'Jlis,fin1ent:e'.an:i_" L"f1'_,'VV}"L;é1"~' { "
releuanifaeters, such as
(a)
whether {he 3 "proce$s;,__ "of
other woric____ £3_ ':'nciden'€0:lV_ ZQE or
necesasflary fat . iindusiry, trade,
business, A rrt{1riL:§fa;;1§i£:<e.".Vor".. occupazian
V' that am an -in {net tablishrnent:
§¥:e"LL_*.hetf1ef 113 ..r§g'f-- p'e5emézaz nature, that
1.,:;;;;3"-iG~--.say, if"i:;~E>f sufiicient oiuiration
VV to the nature of
' in.d--z:Si:q,;;":%ade. buginess, manujaeture
._'or "voeL:'iLpation carried an in
{hat
V " 4 estabiisnmeni:
e%ée,2
whether :5 is done erdinariigg threugh
regain? workmen in éhaé es€aE3§is§':n'2en€
9:' an €S{€.1E3§iS§'%??'7é€?"Ef. siyniiar ihereio:
wf'zeE'f':er ii is sagjfieieni in enigaiag
eensinernbie nzgznber 9}' :5:-%z9§e»£:ime
zzierignzené
79
Explanatéanu if (:3. question arises LUh6f§'f%,'fi'""r.
any pracess or operatiarz er other wQ"{'}§
perennial naiure, {he decis£0n_. §f :"
appropriate Gouemmerm there-_r:m--»..;§fa{iii'.::b<?A
final." ' 'h V V
21. ii is in pursu.éir:V{;%'t:=V..V_0i' Aé.;1r;i:§_ tkzé
Government of Karnataka " v::o1'{r,i£fic.a$i£§:i:.c{ a1i£:::§€:1 11?" April
199'? bearing N0.KA-E€E;WA .:1§§;zasV duly published in
the Official Gaz_rr:~it.§ empioyment
of corltrati. 1:1 Ca_nf}v_;f,éf1 V {1ii;dustria.1 Canteens) in
Fac{oj§iE:?$VTVé1:3.}:1Qyi'f§g' and abeve in the State :31"
Kama{aka,.. notificatien is as under:
_ _ }."G,;:Z};:'-i*TE NOTIFICATIQN
I_5@ngaic.)§*é-Vd;a;_£€£i E I ~4~iQ9?
. LABGUR SECRWARIAT
V _ A-'OTEE'fC;91TIGE2~'
55¢; :i:_;5§5E 5 wig §"}i
h' Bangalare, dated 23"? gépréf, E99?
E:'£«'?1e2'eas§ She Gavemmezfsi had referred {Fae
£55239 €33' §mh§§§E":€0n sf grnpiagmeni 9}" Cgnimgé
iabazazr' in "Canieens [fndusériai Cmzieensé" in
80
Fact'orz'.es in the Stage o)"Kamaz'a1<a to Ka.rr1ai.o5a'€e.
Si.a!':e Con'r;racI' Labour Advisory Board. __ __ __
And whereas {the Kamaiaka Sta(:e"«.(_3orvr:ri:*<;i<ii;
Labour Advisory Board o;fi.e*r.._4ConSide§'i.:ig
relevant factors. advised the i-Goiaefilraeriii r§71'ai'
em,oI.oym.en1 of CO}'1€T{{%';'_[' Laiaoiof in,_v--'fCAa'niee%1
{Inoiu.sm'ai Canteens} z'.n.._ fize P'a9ci',ories;A 'en1jo£o;i;in§;
250 workers anaabooe f$___Io~be'g2_rohibiE;ed:._ _
Now. in e25ert:;fse_«"oj' t'Tr'.:e_' power conferred. by
s:;4b~seci.z'on (1) of Seeiiofi..7Z.L5::oj'Contract Labour
{Reguiatoioz 2- and ;{Xboiz',1"iori) 'Am Q_?(a) {Cer1Irai Ac: 3 37
of IQFO} Elie Goverri%71eziI,.V_c'gf".I€Tama£'aka having
{regord"7£.o _._i'he oofidmong; qf work and benefits
p--:7oz;idea: T'L!k'1€2Kb{:'-f_};VIi'E§£'Q;2Z' Labour and other relevanf,
hftzciofis 31,Lch._a$.I:iio§§e referred {o in clauses {a} {o {oi}
ufififififi. §n¥;é£-u_s:2;e} o,f"sa£9--see€;ion. :12} of {he saia S~3£1'C§Ti{}§"?;
LE3', VE';;e;"'eby ofoitibéis wz'.E'}'z ej;}'eC§'j}"om {he dazfe of
V _ ';:2;;Z:>EV€Ca.£}:,:3§: of Ezizio E\§o£'g'fiea.z.zTon in {he Q[,2'Ee%£.ai g:;aze£:'E:e.
e:2gi§§og;z%ée:2§: of Co:%§,2"aez1 .Z,a§;e:>z,::" in {the "Ca:?;§:ee:"z
§_?:é2o}:a;€;£riaE Caz"zZ.een:§§" in E5'ae:?{"or:'.es em;:3Eo§;z'z2g Qfié?
" .?,,§.*«or§«:ez':§ aim? :"L§?{}¥JE' in §:'E2.e Sijaie of§{amaz.a§«:a,
E35; €f}ra:e.:* 532?} 6;: f;§2,::= ?"%{I:§'?E:? of
{Ewemor of .§<'a,ma§:'a§{a.
any/4_
81
SRPQEEI _ _ _
Under Secraary to Gc)zj;e:;rzzznzé:1§'~--
Labour DeparI'{21er:.{" ' T'
22. The said 11otificatior1 C.a:aae._t;.e téé c§:'a1.1§Veng§cVd'»b<-sfpré' 1 '
'ihig Coxlri, in W.P.Nos.286?7~78 E.
learned Single Judge, the 'xafrii p eiif{it,:~I1_ £3-§21s§'«:._h'<:--2k1*r:§': by
Divisian Bench and byprcier théi n0tif1'.cation
was up held. C0Iaseq'i;1r:amA1y=.L ' \"»,g f;'{i;A 33e'titii0I1 came to be
dismissed. Aggié-ex-*ed Sfi1if;1"»Q£'dé1",'V{'}'1;é' rr1a113.gem.eni of Edi
these to the Apex Cami. The
SL:p'refne"C0uffifiV"ti{1rc.§§Vé1a;_§"(>f BARATI' FRITZ WERNER LTD Vs.
STATE {(2001) 4 sec 498], upheld the
jUi3§ZfE1€Affi1 Oi' '€1'ii'i>«.C;_{_>;:,1.:'%:. and d;ism.is3secE 'aha ap;3eaEs, Apex
' _{,':::-;u7i':...hfa:s'«r)}:}':3¢rveé in the said 3'ua:1gr;'1e::£, thaéz
5'373€_é4§'..--§*";"g5§.a:'€es A53' Ems Ecxeefi. 2:-,>r:acE:s3§. 51:; ;'egz.s.Ea£e
~. :£:';_§Z3fI§i»i2" 5:3 j'0LC§"cmfes4 like m<;,€.:': aicgjacé, Q?" §'.?2<::: is; 2:0
Ve3}:'::;:.:.2'"€ &{§e5§w3;i,::>. $::gf5s3§.g; :?'s€€zs:.s.res;r 52.2255 2:52 _;:§"<>;'r;3i§:g
5.329 E'?aez2E§'§"s 53.3352. :,z;::%§§%z{':,-? <53" 532:9 w{3r§<'§:'_<; €§'2E§.'}§{}§_;é%{i"§ 31*:
jCiC§.€§?'i:?.§§ s':":.z'§'.a'a§.in§; L'=a?§€}U;S :72z25:s::rs:'s frsém Eiime :15:
82
time to ensure that ad.equat.z3 standards of safety.
health and wetfare and achieved at?' at£..._Lt29f£~c"; "
places, In part:i.cu.tar, tn the Context: Qf' {I13 ta
secure maximum pTOCi.t.tC{i1'.OT1:C1.fId pradizciifi-_ii.t;"*a:'i,
appropriate work Culture coi:tdttci.t:ejj.t,a,t'§':£:" 's.af:>.:y,
health and happiness of £L>Ofk€~?fS"?1_aS to Aév-aE~t:e2d"
in the factvrtes. To th'c'S__e
Qff€Ci'iD€ltj, this €3f1(1Ct"I71(3?1'i'.'%:}":{I,:.$ bgert Irtjact'.
by amertdnterzts to
include wtt:htn 'l't'iS_" m2ax"itz':__r;: f'¢;;.;f'i.tt*:fact labour
ernpl0ye<:'i_"' __ih }"'?'EQT"r'."¢,{.t]";'.'tVt\C't.I,,.£.'VI"i;Vr"'1'€';{ process.
t17ipr"apér%vme}"tt j§1'Qzj;histOit.s*"'t*;'t' regard to the
satiety a;tiz:f. Qjjtcers. reauctgton
AVr;t52t;f1.i:7'i;ar*:: ':.f_3'j'vfVVVl'.Lv3'v{)I"I"t(3I"£ emptoyees have
:":':>_eé?t ._fI:~;}'"ttZ'_u'.VS"%3I:lfi£3: _ériactn1eI1I: was trltendedfor
tghéregutatiotiAAtn-- ;S"t::...r:h a manner as to bemgjtt; the
5' ~v?.t:e§}'an3.,Qf"t.?ie :;;>arkt<3rs. Thereajfartz the objectttre Qf
;_::-hcs siiact. is 't:0"'<:;3'2g.f:irzz3 the appEt'r::at3tZi{.3:; af t.'f":,e Act: emit;
~.i.€Z§'~§f?'£Q.§é;' __wo7:?<€~3r3 an the garemtses Qf thehfastgarg as
"_;";<éi€..§:{_}rg;t'_'a;a;%t>r§mte:1 and hat z,::a;"i<:it1§ in the §?2,{f:£§E§lf"_t;
55:; ;--§t:t--.é§2_. "§'he t?2cft.t5t.:fg; G2" the €S§f{Z§}§§S§Ez'?"lé'??"E§' z.::htc§2
rtgng t:§t.e2j'a{:*t;ar;; is a f?7tZE€§'Z §s:"é.F"§j€f' €;'Xp§'°€,'SSiQ§"é mast
t%':<:§tat"ies E"'2{}{' §"E"Z£f§"££'§.§§ §:§"ta> ?.t.§{}?"_§{.??2€:'fTi in f.§Z€k,F57{3.{f§1i}?§j fiat:
{3§l§'E€?"$ 5:535), in that t;::t<%§<:g:;r::;z.z;':si t:a::§{>2.t5; ;;m:.:§5és3:2s
have E'}t'3€3§'E. matte {ft the §7'a::t:a?°tes Ac:"far 35.5162 2,:/%§.f'are
84
without the knowledge of the principal ernpleye-@s._
We may also notice that even where {he "
Act is net applicable {(3 an eslablishzflen:-.llj:::ls H
canteen, faeillzfy is provided; cl
service, this Court has in se::;eral:.lCt;se-s p
the Question from various ciilgles 2
conditions referred to in» ef
arguments of the Zean2eii.V eo;lnsel" is be
accepted. then ._u§ihete theezleszion
of considering a falling within
the ambit gfworl:e'r' the Acl would
not arise 'z'a9--{=i applicable and
woulizlfl" ojfifc-ef"* Qf Vestablés hments to
be €u1.«lv5l5lVlcable. That is not the
inle§1ii0*n jof This Court having found
:m:::~l is ':>ne'l:3jT Vlhe ' imzidenlal activities of the
--establisl;men?:, abfzieh is necessary for mnziing in
Qgfad eftez" ese--eséa.£:2£ng its perennial er eph,emez'e.l
i'lQi;lF<?.b'{i§3?'l€ erdérzerzly lhreugh regular w»:;rls:ers er
ané necessarily employing wheleweme
emeleyees have all been eerzsidered afifi lzel& Else:
llzese empisyees are regzllar emplegees 513;' me
esé'e:bl€s?zmem'. §,U§E'§'lG?;é.{' reference fie ifze A52, 5::
{3€i?'E.¥?;{}§' fie éispeiseel {lam éflze presisies. jizér selrseeyz
is es, welfare meesase and necessarily a
*2,/'
85
requirement to run the same is incidental in :h;=--.:»2
main activity of the estabiishment par€ic::_laf1_y._T"'--
when it becomes a condition of service.__ ;'_'i?'ié';Q§~:i ;. 4'
from this angle, the suggestion to e ;;;;i}n=£f:e A_j.'t}1n;2M
definition of "worker" in the-¥F'€a::nrie s
find cut the necessity to hate s2,:I£:I1:z;12§32f_l'«:er:"':::"s'%"{i:1_ T6'
the estabiishment wililgnaajz fitqiiemic u
semarztics without any ';§:7g{#.C{iCal.€_Vff'€.,éCf., _I§?'?1r§':fefijr'fé,
the argument of Shri Pa;'.€'.Pz(iiv-'Ché3..¢::£n!:§2%énvwgricmen
are not engageti*--«..riii'e¢£i_y 'worfers in a factory
and therefore we juorlcrrxen as
workers not be correct
but p1ain:yif£:¢:'Iac:¢;;s;%f.. '
23' 'WT1ié:*éa§i€:rFréjjresentatiens were made by the
a§pe}f£anés._i r.1_t§9ic_s§é'.:ca$}§::3 :0 {he Gevemmeni; of Karnataka
'm"i::i;g3TE};1g 1:0 '£}V'1Le"iw:t :;:.:>*:i&<",:e the effect arid cmzsequences 3? giving
. §ff£C'i is.fg1z.=::"nQtifica£ior1 dated 1E.G!3_;&19Q"?, which was u§ heié
" ~bV§«.':;§2é"§é*g3i_»:::;s:'§:é§u'r'a. Ehezsaféey, afier taking mtg mnsideraiian
th?é'* C0§i:§€11£§QfiS urgefi $3-I fitafisa aggaiiams and after ibiiowing
fizc §r::'>'%ce&u:"€ §3;:€$c:*§b€é§ 'ihfi §{}"1£'€Ff§£'§1€'fl"?; 3% Eéamsazaka isgueé
' '.:é;':f:{§tifiCa'fian datad 3%? August 2Q§E, which §.$ éuijg ;3u7é:)Eis%1€é in
%V/,.
86
the Official Gazette on 04.08.2991 1*esCi'r1din.g the nefificatien
dated 11.0-61.199'? with immeéiate effect' which reafisét-s%'_:u:1der:
"LABOUR SECRETARIAT ' ' V A'
Ix'o£§fica£iorf;m
No. L123 1.3 LWA 2001, Bar§grfz2z;c;r:e';'...' 4'
dated 18: Angus; 200': '
In exercise of p{§c:,;;éi's canfe§%re:?:.'.=b_ij:
section {1} Qf Sectian 1¢J---- Conifact Ixgbaur
{Regulation and u {Central Act 37
cf 1§f/"0? read . --%;he Generai
Clauses .1 8:97? {C,e:n:r_é1.L' 'gags' 1}*3:Qf' 198?) the
0]" rescinds the
'*no:g;"acg.z¥::';a.zjxgio; 97: dated 11-4-1997
u5::;_1':mn:ed;:iate-
H By erder and in the nazne cgf the
""" ~ " Govemment aj'Ko:rrz0:2f0}<:a
S 52' Umapaihg
Under Se<:z'e:"arg fie Ggvemmenci
éabaur £}e§a3'{"?:'2,er:§""
2%, " i%gfgr§€%:ed by E115 said. na§§§§€a':§G::=_ $25 Tradé
fijziiitns sf ail H1686 appsfiazfis praferyeé *5-'JY'i?; §€'ii1?:3Z§1T§ befars this
'P
87
Cfoufl; in W.P.Nos.28677m6?8/'OE2 and oiher <V:'@§i::t_e£:'£ed
matters, Chalienging the netificaticzn and a1so;"'Smighi 5 a
declaration that by virtue of the earlier...,:£§ziaivfié:«§'tiQ:; Z and
consequent abolition of c0n€ract1:.'1ab=_fi:»t£:<V in '1'ii'1&_js&:.V{:;a"1'iij;eei1s, 3
_persons Vifhié are already &_TI.1p}G'§%'{'iA v§5::k§:1g
c.anteens as contract 1ab0urerS"'v:<;[email protected]£neri_:tt> in {He
factory. The learned ;?;i.;{1g1€:¢»AJ'i:ci.'§j' '@115 héfiré' tfigase matters
heid that th.ou.gh USE'aCrQ*€CL§11I£i§:f1f'::fi3$:. 3.h.€ power to issue
notificaiion 1f§:&é:§r;.g;1ing.; §%19fi§éI whiie issuing the
rescinding not referred to the State
peiicylor i:£» _bfi%V::' reI_e%;§1nt factors in the mzaiification,
the said.__ziawéi-w.._{SA:--L ;;r§fi"'-€§%it::?%:ised properiy. The said power
camnat. be 'V ex».t:*ci'sed - at tha whims and fancies of the
Gé"i£%rf1i1?ei1§., Thevvffiéitey is geverneé by Statute aid statuifi:
meihaé and manner in which it can be 36:23
Q:.§1&r2rq:3€'j.:E':e Gmrermzzem aveuifi 'as taking an arbiirary"
d;eci;<5§{;;:330§ zeseinding 3. netifécaiigrz E£7i'€E1%3iE?; Ca'n81;é€-ring 311 the
:tie§é%;3;§2'i faséers if: Erma 0:" '$5 $€,3f;u?,€» Law is; fafiégs wEE.i
séeifcfied ihai even :1': afiméniséraiiva fiecission, the fiesisigm maker
89
sI":aiut.ory ctemieexz. employeezs-3. {hen parzies have M} ::1pp_r,Qa<:h an
E:'1dustr1'.aI Adjudicaior by way 91' C{}I1{?iIiEiti01"1 in tr3'r"';*:.1:é'-._dfVVi.he
Industrial Disptfles Act. both for 1'€gu1ari55at§.0I_1":21n€;i"--f?§3*----fc§i;fiérb
benefits.
28. From {he pe;:u.sa}'éi7--.S€:c:'£iOr3 18 of it is Ciear"
there is no express power Lxnder E-'he sai.d._pr0xr'fs:ion which
empowers the State GCv'eif=';1n1<%n1.gm \}S'§,':['hd1'EF.XV. rescind or Ifeveké
a notification issuezcf ux1 (,¥..r->:r _:~",»<:c'i:.i§31:<1L Act. Similarly'
there is no pif*ov.'{.;Si'0I1 .1411 $che_1ii'r3 ui*""£.he AC1: p;1*0v'idiI1g for
such cjxpres§§'j3;70yié.§0n "~I.:v1 f.j.«1<_:1, $'h<--:re is no i11dication of any
such p0w¢r*"be3L;:g{_VeS'Ef:§'s.\yi'i}i':i.l3.€ GOVt3l"1'1I1"1€§"}{, L1.:.}{§€*.z" am}/' Of the
provéaioizs of.'?;§1e~}&Ci.. - TT1.6refor€5 the State G(}w:r:m16z2£ has;
V' "-.iZ§'1V:i%§;€iC1."€'!f3Ciii€}E1 21VV{§§;'{.he Genera}. Ciauses Ekctg £89? £0 mscizld
E:2%:.;f'§'L:::"'v i1:;3_£§_£§i:_?2,1E:§an. $6.215? Wiiéé Seeéiazz E83} <1? {he Aci.
S€~.af_:§<3n 2.: {ii {he {Z2@:1eraE {iizzmaézs Eaiéi, mzzcis 31$ z,2:":c:i€::":M
"fig. Fewer :5 issue; §$ inesriz/5&3 gamer £6
_ afié ta, amend; vary gr rmsizté ::&§:f,f¥$mf§m:.,
arders, miss gr b§€"Ea{§}$.*' E/'SE2!-area fig; 5:22;; {f:;>n;:'z"::Z
27.
90
Act or Regain:-r.a'ons, a pmuer to issue
n.{>£;']"icai.z'ons, orders. rules. or bye--l_<:;§iL%s' ;.
cor;]%3:'red.. men that power ir1c£u.des"__iii-._;){2}L;}c>r:, %
exercisable in the like r71aI1f1eT"a!1d. .s?_41L£3j.£v;ji:"{' ,f:"c~
like sanction and cor1diI.i011é~;< -gjiid
amend, vary or rescrind ggrlg fIcr:§f'éCai:i0If::éV;-
rules or byelaws so issL4'ez;:i:"*-M, V. V V '
§:3xp1.aining,.--tjhe p:,%V1'p:3.if'1*.éiV:i:d 0bj§éc%i.v-.r3{.~ihe General
Ciauses Ad. in me caseuhf:IN§i§E¢%iv)R OF MINES AND
ANOTHER vs 1961 so 835],
the Apex : :
' $Zai.:¢:'ie ;?i2§.§.;f7}'i---«:"e3rzE'
" ' "112;'5?;-.§ZI'{{P3f§"i;'Qfi1'?§;f to a.r1su,.>er this c;uesz;:'.or1, it
wité. prég;'ii"4iiE:{ie.. ._rE3§71emZ9er rhai: {she pL:_:»"pGS63 of
-- ..rh.e Gé;1erc:£vC¥.a';:sa}s Em: is 3.0 piacea in (me smgiss
pravisions as regarzis
::"aéT<3:";:zr£;>--:.'a_Ijiosns ef 2..L?GF'd.$ and. Zegai §9fi??Ci.p§€E: zfizicfz
1 z::«:§z§ic€ ?;%§,v§t£5m.:és€ %"a.{2z':s;'> 5'0 be 5;pec§.f§.{3d sep€zr::z'§.eE;; in
;m;:?:.:"2.§;'~,a§§}{}'é:'e:":I. acfzs (15205 :°e3§2.:§0:{,€e:2$1s, 'i;'i5§:.a§{3z2:2r' {$2.53
, ifiaérzeraé Cémsstes :%a::':': saggsa :4::§ze§"E2.er as z"e»,>§;<:/:.:"ci'. ifze
;%é{.>::s.:":§.;'z§g5-9 <55" :;,=:<}r{§$ :2? as; :'aa§:g5z:"a's fésgai ;:z"§§'2:":i;3§g:«'-sf
91
has to be read into every statute to whieE1K§f._V
applies ..... .."
28, A Full Bench 9:" the Gauhati Hig};__{:e:grt:.§1'; ":1¢:=;'e.égé
of GAUHATI TRANSPORT Associieriex 'ANB.Q§ibJe1*IiE1é"'.vs V?
THE STATE or ASSAM AND crimes [AII§,_'gIA9'75 VGALIV 33}
dealing with the power of the'Geii'ern1'1ie:1f; teeié:si§e;1{§ti'fieatidi'1
interpreting Section 2,*'.'£;.__0f eaé' C13.§.isee"' §'xct held as
under 2»
'fSee.tjic"_>'n 21 Qf Clauses Act,
u con.3truction and the
:'q_ues'1ion.:LD§iefi?1ezf' t3r_ it applied to the provisions
Q1" "ye *pa.fiicz,}iirV;ir»- wouifi depend on the
_ ..\<;J;;bjee:ar%A:a'£'{*er? eeniexi and the effect Qf the
:?fi%{€Ev§{EfE'€ ;e%*0'2;se;~iens ef the said S'€C£€2£€€. $5 weuéd be
~.§;€C€'S,§Gfy Ze examine earejuéig the scheme ef {he
A zzeveaibjeeé ans: eii fie re§e2;an.€ one meierieé.
p2*aezi;s;:eae eefere deciding u:?2.e;?2e:" by {he
~. sfxijepiieeieien Qf zhe mie ef eenezmeizien emmeiaiee
Egg 8,23, :3' ea}: be eaid €?2e;:' {he peeve? eezgferrefi
made?' ijfzeég eeeiiee is eee::eef :11": §.§"i€ eaiieerizy egg
necessary impiieaifera
92
29. fiozvexzer, it was peinied eat relying 0;; "aȤu{i'g19r;-e'r1t
0f the Ape}: Court in the Case of STATE 02?
GANGULYLAIR 1958 so 10131 wh-efé'ihe Ape;§4'¢-ggyi' §1<.»j:1d ;
that the rule of construction enu:£C.;ai;éAc1A'i:>y:Sf:§Li{;'r;..
General Ciauses Act in so i€.".s:e_fer5 VEQ Vpéwer 'crf
rescinding or cancelling the <3Ifigi.rViA"3'~1._e':'r55er c:é.i'1i1--"m}: invoked in
respect of the pr0visi0' 11;3 -0f'-- of the industrial
Disputes Act. Tha Sfiiidv'ffi';idi'I}g _§.S can the folkrxwing
reasoning §;_01~;iai_f1ed i1'3 'p:{":'1E';C#lSV 1 L 15 and 2} which
read as3"a;1'nr.i¢i5.: ~ °'
_ " 4' "é'.?_iai' the peiicy of the ACE is {O
se«c':;r'é~~ and ;:?%'%3's'e'fir;2?<'gfl00d relations between the
.-- ,5 '€€?td.'''i'héir warkmen and £9 mainiain
:1§_"2Le:::£:,;;=~.<;i'":'£a£ harmony. if is with this object
9}' me ACE' cenigrrzpiafes Effie €$ZGb§iS?'U'}'E€i';§
{if $33..-'{7rE<3 {,'€}E'3'?.fE'2.i§"€€€S 5.831036' duzy :2 is :a
p:3%§:§§:e" measures jbr' seeming and preserving
..§r§iE§ and gaaé reigzéiaszs @{5E'wee:2 {fie emgéagers
#39155 SE28 zvarkfizen. if {fie E?J€:r§<;s C§m:m':":':53€ $3
'« ggraabisz £0 seétie {he dispzzées arising fieiween {he
W"
93
employer" and his workmen, Canciiiaiien 0ffi<;er§"._
and the beards cj" Cenciliaiion offer assis£.+:2rw.ee..::c"Vj* "
the parties to setiie their disputes. S€'C'fiOI?.!::3}."3, h
12 and I3 refer to the working eef
centempiated by the Act.
conciliation machinery' fail; 'i;o_ brifzgr about ~ '
settlement between iI2e°'~V.pa.rtiAe::V__ Lhgi
contempiates C0mpul$0r'i; "-_§1£i{i;LdiC§€i2?€§ifiH' of? the
industriai d1',spu.ieS=. by febeigr' :.eez:i'r'!.'e andV'iriV.5unals
as the East altemciiitie; Jae'C£I3pfc}5ei:ie¢ie..governrr1ent
is authorised £9" 'liS llI9C}.I.;L7"» 'COURTS and
mbunaifi 'zgncfle-rv::'iehe provisions of
section Veihbi. ?}Au'~..reVspectiUeiy. It is in
:'%"e$g§eeA€"ff:";f t??:eV'cQ'r*n;§'ulsergVdiijudicaiion that under
Sectiora 1C',f":jhe.pipp"reV;3r9iate gmaernrrzent is given
ediserefiéfz .-- to decide whether er not the
' --vdisp§éie..,§3eiwee§é {fee empiesyer and his empioyees
gfgegaifi Z3e"Vr'ef'e?fed :0 the beard; e0z;£z'"£' 0:" irvibunai.
.Se€,£€<)}€"~,§_Q{Z} Id} pmuides inter aiia Ihai where the
"e,§g3;fe£ae%fiva§e gevemmené is ef epémien. that any
it;/;<.i;:ls';.:;"T:°a;E dziseuie exists er is e,ppre§1e:'zde&5 ii' may
.. e;:;e.z"s§ tame, bg erder in wiriiéng refer {he ééspuie ige
5; §'F"§'_E}§};§':a§f§§"' aeifudieeiéen, '§'§*2e Cfififiiiiflfi preeedeni'
' jlésr sf§'E€ :"ej"ere?:ce ée {he ifidzgeinjei Eriezelaé is éfzai
{he aeprepriare geeemmenit mmsi be ecziisjieé ijfizez
E
94
an i.r1dusI:'rz'al dispute e.>cisi'.$ or is appreI1e71cIed.'I:'.. "
not". in every case where the parties dZi%i5Qe' Ifze " ;_.
existence Qf an §ndus;tri.al dispuae that a ':-cg;-:>:~i¢n«:¢
would be made Lmder Secr,EoI'2---_ZO{'1']; if" 0%1{vgf«.
where me test Qf sz.z.1:3jeci,i.v%:a3 SI=_1'f*iSfCtCi.7f{)T1 Egg" 'Hide.
appropriate _goverr1mez:£:_'_ is Vs:dii::3i"ied 1s5'i1jfz»:1.VZ: 2l,f1'éf
reference can be Jfiade,'-~,{1;;?i.:.:s ii,"
appropriate gove2f_n.mem. 'di:wer'1"..q1'1 1' rr'21§ori:dr1¢IV iivoice
in the matter f)}3rr71fz;ii;:g,}'. i':12_¢§:I._L:§€;riaZ dispute to
seek adjudication big mduszriai
Zi1"f§3l.£.T1(1i: _:Bu.£:_' onfée V'é:f1j~V§3:'der?férg u5ri;;iz:ig is: made by
the ap;};*o;:fi:e'i'§:I_:e.;;e,feVfi'i%;zg an mdustrzfal
disp:Lde.;:_"iQ xvifie» 4I:':'1:'i}j)v:2r..fic*¢l..e'_]'()":j "a_djudica{,!on under
{he Tribunal are
ideenfieci et;:r:iVi1'2e:':eec1 and they are deemed.
to have eOf1cZ'i:de.d."?e:1the day on which {he award
-made' 3:51; the f:rE':bz.£ndZ iaecomes enforceabie und.er
,3:_§ec:'..zT.;<>zr"i E ?;'¥§,'v'------'7E73':V€s {S the effeczf Q_}'"S»2G{3} Qf£}1e AC5,
.,ffi'af3'._g5r:>_:2€3iOn .s;if:.0zz:s :"32.a:" egf:.er the d:L3p2:E'e is
1 ":*é'_§§7e§Vfre:d~V::&} me §.r:'E>:.znaZ_, d:.ar:'.ng {fie eez"az'z':2z.§em.ee Q?"
§.%:,<--'% ::*eg'ere:'2{?e ;:2re:>:éeedinggs. :3, ffze §r£§:mr'2a§ 3.ei3:°e§1 is
.. eeized ef' the {§§S§'}E£§i'é2 €€.3'a€§ z.e§'2.:}::%'1 ear: -%;s:e:'eise
j§.:.r§s{§.:'<:£§:2:% in :"£>53'g§e{f§. £3?" £5', T§"'§%se e;};}r<3_g3r:.5e'.e
§g:}:;e»rr'2§':2e*:3é {,'€i.?'E eiezi is: §*e:~;g;see§ gig? 5; :"e§§'?e:°e32{?e
g:2en<:E€rea§; ad_jz;i<:§z'.e5:::ier"z bejféféf :3: iz"i§;:.m<;:E e:'zE§_; under
'§./
95
section 10(5) 0f the Act, which awiharises it to.
0'i'her parties 1:0 the pending dispute subje'c;i""ic..'§}1§j
condiiions mentianed in the said provisianf 1x;%¢'ul&
therefore be reascmable to .¥':oi::?,. é rihcfit
cases flxlling under Seciian V'~,E'O(.:<'_;'}'r:fr1e«'r:1f§;:zr€j;'>rit£i::?_ A'
gouemmeni stands Q_utsid:€_ "rlhe ..;%-:;;}'féréncé§
proceedings, which aréafiiader V. [§'?é.?V Itiflcgi
jurisdiction of the L';r'i}3wz.A:.V:r¢,.a:3,vI:A"'its'u:';*.{,_]'". E:';si3r:_§;ftér the
award is madeVit. r§':k _0I:{_Tig¢;i<§.r§;.._o.fi"'the appropriate
govemment under Sé{f:iaL%i}bl {he said
award a civaggsvjrom the date
of 1-qpprupjriratéiQrivemment. Sui»
sectrcnfi Q)" "r'scLV§;gsVV'§hat subject to the
Zhe award published
:i;rL&é;r 17 shall be final and
shafl riot Er).5:.iZ£ed"§z1'§ruesiion by any cmmi in any
' ~ T{EanF7;8F.§flf'£CifSCr§E3DéF. Seciian 29 {3} provides that an
zggzwazrgi s2£aaz--, """ afizbjeci' £0 {he aéher pravisigrss af
1r.sec::g;}%eVz_9, rerrzairz in operaiiamfor 8. period af 8118
A V' {he date an which: 2': beesames ergfbrceafiie
v;.z;7:fi;v?ej2~'ASeC:iGr2 §?;"§. E5' :13 §'?"E££' :.m:: 83, 3 27A and 2%
~ r:ia:=rg?E?r GE': me apprapriaie gazggmrraem'. pswerst é§
vrraafigfgg zfie prsmisifirzs ef {'5/253 award gr §;zZm:':: {The
periaé Sf 53 apésraiisn bag: :5: is airzascegsarg Ea rqfler
{Q éffiese previséans in s:i€ra:Z.§, @253 ssrzgme Of {her
95
provisions in Chapters III and IV of the Act would
thus appear to be to lecwe the rejefetie.e7.t_
proceedings exciusiveiy within the jurisdietio.}¢eej"".j' "
the tribunals constituted under the Act
the awards of such tribunaisgt bir;ding_--'i5e'tLueert"th,e..V _
parties, subject to the speeteit pQz.,ue rfs téeeiflferred. t
the appropriate government z,tfer:le2i_Ss.l pint?! V'
The apprepriate goverftnten.t Lzfidegbteefijg thge
initiative in the matter. uiheteit fifiakes
an erder in wrttitig}t_ jindustrtctt etispute
to the adjudicatiofi the- the reference
proceedirjgfe pan 1 eeheme of the
relevarét pj;¥:9'v_i.s'iQ§'--1s jrpieuldt pr":'rfia'faeie seem to be
in the appropriate
the reference made under
Seicfiertz 1G{I)."' .-- 4' V
inf. Affhet power etaimed ey the appeiiant ta
reference made under Seeiien £0522} seems
« ineettsistem with some ether prezjzeiene
ej' The ereuise {'6 Section Z§ {age fiewzz "Etta:
€?f;e'v5§r3prepriate geeemment. ehaii refer' :1 fispute
z =§;'_.§EaE§,.?':g ie the gsuetie zztsféiiy service when e nettee
under Seetier: 22 E15125 eeerz given, é§'.3"§,§€SS it
eerzsidere that the nettee has eeen j'z'i2;)eEeusig er
"I:
9'?
vexatzioasly given, or that it would be inexpeeiieni
to refer the dispute, This proviso inrziieaies fhtilip-2'71'
regard to a dispute reiaiing to public
concerns normally {he government' is exp__e'eiee?.f_' ;. '
refer ii for acyudieaiion, In such a eaee gf:_i'i.he
government makes ihe referefice. ii' if; eiiffieuiiiéof,
appreciate that ii' would be open {oi zhe Govefizniefi-i.' ix '
pending the proceedings of * saideV.v'§~'e,i5e:rencef
before the Industrial To ""tz'z§e
reference and SI,i;Z3f€TS€ti§£...ff£§."vgfigifial 'order? ini that
behalf. Section. V1Cl_,Rfs_I,i£::_--_s. "o?_ea.l'Sn iuiih the case
where the parties to'i'a,i_1 appiy to
the appI'opr:',ai'e§; go'oe;}nrhef?"i--.._ih "the prescribed
or Separately, for a reference
the 'appropriate authority, and ii
proeigtie:-3 i'hai@in»-- (,1 case if the appropriate
'-g;o::er7::r¥2e:i:*i Svaieiéfied {hate the persons applying
zfepreseoi xi'VZ'ieWo':ajoriZ:y of eaeh para; ii shaii make
rheirefereriee accordingly. In each a case ail ihai
the' .. g}€}1V;'K%{?;"§""?.Ef}'"i€:'?'§§' has io sai.i:3;"y iiseif ofooai: £5 {he
%fae§::i:§?:ai:' ihe &eI}'Ea§'E.§ for" reference :3 made ivy {fie
.. riiejoriigg of each pariy, me orzee iihrie Cflfidiiififi is
eaiifsfiefie ihe gopemmeiii. '3 i.mei.e:" £$§fi§§§&§'§G§'7i ifo
refer ihe dispiiie for isiaiieifiai aajud2'.eai:io:i. ii; is
ioeoiieeioaeie ihai in eiiefz a ease if/ie gooemmerii
98
can claim power £0 cancel 0: reference? made u.m:i€.Ij
Seczzbn JOI2}. Indeed in fhe course "Qf
arguments, Dr. Bcmnerjee fairly cancedécij If*v1.}:Cz'.{. ii'
wcauid be dgfficult is susiain a~ei<:,in'zf_='f>r
power of camzeilaiion in ré..sper:-3 'refé2re:"éVg;;;:g.
made under S. 1 43(2).
15. Apart frezzm pr0vz1§z:;*ri&éToVf Act,
on general prir:c¥ipi_es ""rc._zther« 2jiz;[1"i:§LLlI' to
accept the _V appropriate
government shou.ld. _:'f:savéA power to
cancel _ziis":i;.z_1 5n ofdert :{£r5§Cier__,i§.AlO(1}. if on the
repr+3SVe'f;:_ia§fa9;*5;_V_ 'emp1oyer or his
1 Viuoi9k'rné%Lv théf éippfragériatge ,g évemrr1ent considers the
Vf'?2C£f1'T46'f"flfli§jV'*--{;£f'£zi¢ u3"?._(iC§fl€S the cortciuszlon that an
if1di£f3I1"i.;zl.!"i".3,3L;éS{S or is apprehended and
'fljzen un:»:i{<:'es '€31? Qejérence under' 5" E052}; there
:;:ppe_ars :10; §€"'§"iG reason 0r przincipie to supparé éhe
~s',"'vC3'§?V'{5é;'}f';f f'i?:é'%,_IiE, 5326:: if has an impiied power to canceé its
. 'e:-5&3; pui an and E53» {Fae reference proceedings
:r::.ri;c*:;»e& bg igseggi in deaémg wig: sms qaéegéiara is is
~. Efigpariani" E0 bear in miméi {fiat gyower {Q €O£F'£{,'€§ {Es
<;i%'de:' made EEFEQEE' S, Eififijé E£5§'EiC'§'7i :'§2,e apgeiiazzi
ssiaims, is an absaiuée §§2;é}:??"_." {E :3 no: as if 5516
pawer" {'0 carzcei fmpizies {he abiigaizera :19 make
Es;/'%
"99
another reference in respect cf the dispute in
question; it is not as g" the exercise ef the power.-z's
subject to the Condition that ree:s0rts_tv'~.fo%..r7_l'~l_
cancellatten of the order should be set et:;t;"'§T » A'
power claimed by the appellant is een<:'eCte._d trj:fé_*ttie'l
appropriate government it U;0£t{€3_ «be epe'rtft'Q Vthefé.
appropriate government '.__t£> ;_-«:erzf::'tlat'e"
proceedings before t}1€»t'iT'ibttntf1iA{ii'- any .st:.::ge anti 3
not to refer the f:I1dL£,Sf'?'--€.:%I:l' VI:e_ ether
incltlstrial tribunal at all7V_.1'.'}:te.etLeeretten' gitjerfie the
appropriate geverttliiietfi _} in the matter
of rejerring indusltr_ta1l'V" industrial
1fF17l3uIlC?L¥.-:i'..S'-.?_)€7'I:,f_' b;lt..',it..seer::zs" the power ta
Zlcartcele..et:ghte?ft'L=:_ 'etgiimed Vie wider still; and it is
lelainied en the strength of 8.21 of
the ('}€'.7'?,€?'Vr.V'.Zl Clause; Act. We have no heettatten tn
-- .. the §"Lt5€ Cf Censtrttetten enttnctateoi by
;S,A2E._ sf t?ie"'€2et:etaE C§&?,é,S8S Act in so far as it
,;fefef:=sj "te__ the eowet of rescittdirtg er eaneelttng the
veftder eerznet be tnveised tn respect ej the
p.;'ee7te:et2;s efS. E 8515} efttze Endttstrtel Eieptztee Act;
22» The test case ts: tehteh reference meet
be ezezete is {tie eteeteiee ef §3Q;§§:FE't£?'tt'2;&E' Clef' ezeel
E/enistttaramtt Aéygger J, tr: Seutlz Eadie Eetete
100
w
Labour Relations Organisatien v. State Qf Madras,
{8} AIR 1955 Mad 45 {F}. In this Case the Madras
gevemment had purported to amend the referett'ce t~.._
made by it under $5.10 of the Act and the :,:a:z~at;-t:'t;g.;_;f"'.;* "
this amendment was chailenged before
This objectian was repelled the g_(r'<.)ti'r"t"cte..Vthé?t'
would be open to the gouemn-vent ta .'m'Ctke> .«
independent reference »:::Qr1cerr'2z'1f2g';v-- ._ any ° not A h "
covered by the prevt0tts'r_ej*erenee. .f1"ha,ttVtt;
jbrm of an arnenctmem': 'te__the». e)aT.$_ting;.rej?etenee and
net additional 'tejeren.ee -«»;;v,Vvt'r1ere techhteaiity
which does not a'rtyV:"t:51te:;'_fe:5e:1hce__ in the writ
proceedir3.Qst__ '1'71té'VVt§'ly'e{§iiQft«..:'wVcIsV-one' of form and
hltuiijould, thus appear that
'the' Court was whether the
appropriate g}O:}e--rti'ment can amend the reference
'-otftginitiftg 'r'§:tde- uhder 8320 SO far as the new
matters 2'tet"e:evered by the ertginat reference are
e0:1ee_%t1e_d. and the court? hetd that what the
. ':7tg§g:é§fe;:§tfiv5;te gevemmettt. ee:,zZ& have aehteeed bg
3?j"u:?.f:CAt'§T.E§,t7 an i.{£d€p€tide{'t§I rejjeretteee it setzgfu' E9 «:50
.. by amettdtttg the ertgtnat referetztee ttseifg 'flats
eieetetezz weutd rzet eeeist. the aepeétent b€C{3{iéS£3 in
the iereetent eaee we are §tet'ee:1eiet7erttt§ the peuzer
0f the geeemeizent tie amend, er" afid tie, ea reference
'a
101
made under S.10{I}. ':'Our present decision is
confined {'0 the narrow questien as to whether an
order of reference movie by the apprepri::%e»e.
government under S.lO(1} can be
canceiied or superseded by if. "
230. Reliance is else piaeeden. t__he 'ah: Avpefx 1
Ceurt in the Case of LACHMI NARAIp;"'m*C;a_Etr¢;, Uisrxow 1'
or INIIEA {AIR 19?6 so :€14_1f, xvfieré if; iagélé 1..1m+;;; helti as
underzw u b T V
"59. The p<.§véiJer'«giv§e'::}. eexhausts itself
.Ur"t"" Of» éffiet 'ene:e'i'me:11': it cannot be
:7exe_;eciseciV. 0% Subsequently to such
e}:'{jef;sViofz,V.V_'VI§%". be exercised oniy once,
__vsim:ii£a1;ieo;,:g~;ly7._ V:,v'iVth the extension of the
efiaeémefii; ,'.{_'_if;:';3, is ene dimensien z:f She statutory
which eireumseribe the pewez: Tee seceneé is
* §'?:a>_§::e:z3er eanriei be aasedfer a pureeee eiher
t?ie:$é'j__?f"aa§' Qf exzjerzséon, fa. the exercise cg? {hie
4' . gfiezeevr. enég such "ree:'riei"iens ene me&;'f§ee.£z'e21s
Yzseirz be eaiidég eszgmgfieeé :32': {fie ezzeeimemi sezagki ze
be e;::,en,dee§_§ zehiefi are !'?i£{?€SSQf"§,;f ée b:*§:<:g is éeée
egeméierz araef ef§?ee'é' in {he {mien Terriiery»
1.02
"Mod§ficaI.ions" whz'..:rh are nof necessary for, or
ancifiary and sL.e.bse:~vienI: {O we purpose
e.>c£:er"z.s;i9rz. are
"mod;'fz'.CaI.i0ns "
.:--:.I_f
not perrmssibie. Xmd, only
can be £egiI:i.maI.'eiy r:eces_5;a'ry..'
such ur 039 as are re uired to az:i.'usf,. dda fannci %
Q J
make the £3I1CbCII7113I"iI su.iI.abZ.e »{;o-_t,he ;5ecLV1.Zia%~ {€5('ZC1.'i'g
condiifons Qf the Union 2?'erI"ii:f)r_gj'cnj féjafrying'-fl
operaiion and r-,3fl"ec:t.. In, the c>cj;'2ir,¥s;é Qf zfhée; ,s3éci'iori:. .
the words "resI:ricI.i»:ms r71()d§[?ca£iQrts
cover such ait'era'£:1'ons a3____f?'r;:Q:a:¢ a éhange any
es:;eni,iai_f'eat:ure,;__isirze'VérI§1§jiIn1g;r3Vi.' or the iegisiarive
policy b1..£fZi"mio it. his {."3"f:a7V;L£;'V I.I'71jfdV1:E.{r i1e2_r1sioz1. of-'the
{Emits izhafjcigjcumséfi?)é§V¥:[h§éAgjtilwef. «. 2 "
_ 60,-V ii, t'::s *1':Ij_z.t<'%_ _'£ha£ Ilhe moms "such
fes{:r'£c£i0r1s":i§2d 'r:r;%id.i}:S~r:aiian$ as it iihirzics fa". gf'
C0IisZ';f:ze;d Z'i€:er€;?._£i§/,:'.u_c:LI2517, in i3(,:laI'.:<:>2'1. appear {.0 give
' "u.:;f'e§::e??¢»'a2?. ;i):a:z:e':' Qf amendirig $2562.53 wzodgjggirzg ties
é?%za.C'§":f2f:€n.£: S€}£.£§}?2,:. :19 be €,'<'E€?7i.d,8C§. =Su.c§i: a azzizfis?
'V _ ':%:J§%*a:?,VE4.:*~:gmfirm. m:.z.:<;: be {3SC?'£,€:,£,?€3d. E635 E516 ve:'fg;
:%0z.E€.;:§«i::§;{;f:3f' {he S£".'{.'§.i{}§': i::er:7::2m::$ z;z:Ezza3z"{2%;§e'> an
:f;é?::m.:.?'z.:: 32:28 :2:':?s-3 {3} g:1:<?s;%s5=,:€z>g3 5/Ea3Ee;:;£z€'i.{;23,
" ,3:/'§€2r<;={}v»:?z". 5-§';.£{?§Ti. <3: {?<:s:zs;:rz.g:z';:'@§'z w{;.r:..:§{§ Eye ;"e.*p:2§::.{mé'
{:3 3.91:9 «if:",}?E.§.e'E'S%.f§. {rand 5329 {:<;2;--'":2"e3:§ :3? s§e%<?§§{>:'":., @5255.
:35»; <2 Ei}§?,0Z€§ anzi size ,:é;ia:.§.z.::{;r;; Eimizzz; 5:225: {?e:§?1€§§€I§O?":£%
__1oz2;
62. There is nothing in the opinion of this
Court rendered in Re: Delhi Laws Act; 1956
M7 2 are 1951 so 332; {supra} to support Mfr;
Serfs eorzteniion that the power given by .;.
could be oalioily e,>cerc:$ed within one
extension. What" appears in 2:fz,e"o;:--zz1ior§T of J}
at R850 (Qf SO12; = [at p.36o'»36;if:;~f3'AI}:%)2_ as :h:ef¢jz3;.4 fr'
a quotation from me report' ejfthe co:m¥ng::%¢e of; 3
Mim',s:er's Powers whichv..eé5n3idered_V1hef'_pz;ogfivz;ietg:
of the legisiaiive pfactiee..qfVi'zr1,ser£ing "'rern;o.§al Of
Dyfficultg Claus2ef%__"'jm_ g:_ct5j1véj'~~..Br£iis:f: Parliarnent,
empowering the ttsegf so
far as fl_€eessary§for bféngiftgj'ii ffifG:'O;¥3€FaiiOn. This
Zéfieoieee. 7kidue'r3eiy cohirrzenied upon, While
some er'fiie;::"eoi1eVeucieoi" moi' this device is "partiy a
dr'c;zfi:5r'r2anV*£: 'éirisaaféflce poiiey in case he has
.« ooerioofizefloii 'sorrzei'§'fi%z§" [e.g. Sir Thomas Cam page
cgffzés §ooe§:""€3or:eernmg Engiish Adminés£'rc1§.ive
§;o:;o"},,,_ 'e{j_¥*ze:'s frowned upon: iii, and raieficfiozmefi it
@352 eieuse" ogter {he British zeanaree.
zofirj o. zzoierfeus persongfieation 53,? abseéuzxe
.. d:e§;po:::';<sm. E': was in {his perspeciioe ifiaz' zfze
' p2='eeEz'ee anfi reeemmeizoledz
C'emmé§:E'ee en f%»firzis§er's Peaeere e;::emi.:':.e& fizis
105
.... .. first, that {fie adoptian cf such 5: Clause
ought on eaxzh occasion when it: is on the initiatipge
cf the Minister in charge of the Bibi, pr9poseV§iVb'!f§b._V
Pariiamezzé to be jusiified by him up
essenriai. It can bniy be essen11'a{ for
purpesea Qf bringing an Act {raga opercitibrfazicii i:"_
shbuid axrcordingly be in mbsi ':
restricted to these pureiy mab'}1.§r1;3r;L;}
vita/Hy req:,u;site for ihCb5'V.f3L£fp0SAé: 'and i?;:e"«:¢'€aL:sé
shouid always contain a rbmxfirnam 1;ii*'7*;:e€Zii/7"1izi' one
year after which i:5Fze'__poz_:bé'?fé}1§:;:Z;{:ilapse." V
31. Yet_anothefjiidgmveiafign iéqhtibii reiiance is placed
is the:'jVudg;:i2%;Vri£iVVsbffiag Bench of this Court in the Case
of - V. AND RETURNING OFFICER
AGI§ICLfLTZiRA.Ig '25RdDUCE T CGMMITTEE BHALIQ'
Vgfi ANB 0;":1=zms {AIR 1976 KA R 233; where
:€«:>§,'aé 'E.E--1?':d€i":
The geraemi; prirggipée sf Eaw £3 {'§'€3;§.'
" sréfgg the §'3?"2i}'€,'&'$S 9;?" é'*3é3C§.'i£%§'E :5 ssiaréjefi, :;§";e Same
sanmzib be £71;::erra;p§:§3a§ 52:56 5': bgg Q3"; asrcier 0;?" Cbzgrip
' 'F?1e resuii Qf 5:519 &c:bf@n Of {he a;;:Ipei§a:'z€--'Z'a%i5iE:iar
108
is it) ir2ier'm;;::I' the proeess of eéeeiion after the
nominaiieras had been fieid and accepted. If the
prineipie if Seciien 21 of {he General Clauses
can be availed of' by Remming Ofiieers,
likely to be serieusly abused wherever
in authority find thaf their cangzgdaies hzikézg'
to win on their rtominaiionszh'are ne:"'«aga?iQ§.V._.:}isVaei
present advised we are of ihA:eV__oj;--i.rfii'0n t}FL5'1.i"lifll€$;.§"..
there is an express p0LL5e_rI:Qnfefred by
the '2"ahsildar has rzc3";:_§ew_er E23. :;::caéj'2<:evZ} the
notification once" he ._a Cc'zvleAndVVar qf
events and pttreiiazjt ':.::»__i;::f::e nominations
have beenfiied qnc§*arjeep£'ee;fi_"" " V
32- = ' 3t>hé;é$;;-,>,e >:in the Case of STATE 01:' MADHYA
PRADESfi'»_vS AND OTHERS (199311) sec 302}
§nt.€:§jjp'fe"£ing Seefievn ef the G-enemy: Ciauses Act heid as
. umder:;v- -- '
5:' :3 eemmen: gmasnd befare as {has
23 ef the Genemé Siauses Ac: ear: be
.. §}z;_2e§:ed ezeig gt anzi {(6 me e}::'e§':§, if a§':§,;. £31253
eer:E.e2<°:' and the seézeme of {he Semméssiens ef
1.07
Inquiry Act so permils. The general pewer
Seciion 2.2 cf {he Genercd Clauses Ad. is "$0
amend. vary or rescind arty n.0I.'§fi.c=:2fi.0n$--'*':..ef:r§;;~. '
Ihe coniexl; Qf reconsz:'iI'u.!'ion Q)' the C0r_rz:nf:§_:sf:(V)zéf;'[.:£:f1<3
power i:'ofz'Zi any vacancy in 13.318 €g'_['}":'<;e7«Qj".;¢,1 .n_1'L:--::';2bé':' "
Qf the Ccnmnission is expre§3iy7_pi'év£de;i." in .:3Lz'E_é:"-"«._
section (3) Qf SeCi:iOr1V3'«--..gf C0nIr:?';':S.§S§u:2V§Wqf'
Inquiry AC1". Sfrni.ia1'i;;. f,h.éL'L»pf}z:2er I:d'{iiSifu::'iI'ir1 z',;6 the
exislence Qf I'.I*;r;' .C0r71;:1iSS?{§i*: 'w:.'1en 'if"'I3e:»&'<.')r11es
unrtecessary Cari fl issue Q1' (1
noI";'j"i.cai'io:f:_ in ac;'ordar1.CeV._LL;:gi.f1".SeCi'£b:%"7" Qf the Act
which :r'~e3;=3"-:;:,i!'2:_.'%' in.:2__rescéfi~Edin;;} ffiew. fication issued
undng; r" Sc{:i.i.a:>vrz';V--2.'3 "(:32 :$"1.é.£:.:.{:£=.="1g*« I f1e_ Co mmission. Thus,
Vi:'}1e"pezf;.»e:' rescind nOII§fiCa.I1iOrE C{}TEf(.-'?'I'€3C{
Qenierailg Vi.:i "&">T.€3ciI'zjcA)'r2.__ of the General Clause'; ACE:
is '*~":41ec:.rlyV" i§ic;f3pZfc:zEfil.e in ::he scheme of the
*--v(1fomni:;35io:"tS 0;?' fnquirg; AC3" mfzfch {:«:pressEg,;
p.:7j0vvis:i:2sfé:*'£*}':e'?22<a>rc:Zse of {.?':is power fin reiczaiorz E10
.a.'«C€mji§s:2§ss€oz2 {:er:r.s§:z'i.u{.{3d §,£;.r1d.<?:' Seczmrz 3 Qf ifze
"2':é'f'::..__'§?::g{}z2E;; r?2cs§':'2:'i{;E z'en'2ci.im'z3§; gerzemé ;;:=<}:,:::@;*$ in
S::>e<é§::'§;;.:'s. $23. Qf {E29 Gerz.e:'e:z;E ifiazzses sic: em: £.§':g>
.. ;fis<3:§.se:* :9 "ec:§7'fag2r:{E" 0:' "':::z:"§; €;r':§; :":o:.§fz'.ca::':'«:m.. 'E"'?:{3
9}<§.€§':§. 5.0 :.a:§'zz".<:*§': {$2.5-3 {?€::s1$§'f::;§:i{}:'2 53;" 5.92:? €if<.2§32m§;e2,:5;§.:m
{'.'€i,5E 52%; <:m_e:':::€a={§ 5):' ::a;"z'e{§. §3;;'_§EEf§n§; arfzgg ;:.%:z<%€::2::?g; 21:':
my <:_s§:f'?:{?e 53;" «:2 ms23m§3e? as yriézsidesi in i'§":.s2
_I{}8
Cemmissiens Qf Inquiry Act is also obvfollsly
excluded from the pzzrufew of Seciien 21 0f the
General Clauses Act which CCLHFIGE' be Invoked
this purpose.
28. The eonl'e.>ci: as well as lilféjrl
the Commissions Qf Inquirfg""Ael, ;l'eIe0.xrlyf,
indicate that Section 21 of L'f1e,Ge;":ez2:ll Clauses ix '
1897 Cannot be irmeked ._t.o? enela}gs?Vl: 'the
Govemment's power r;ec0;risl£ii{i,:iel"1.b ihe
Commission co11.<m;_li.iui'edAV:.arJeler Seeliorl 8- nj" Act:
in a manner otfierfi{;'1_ar.«._ th;_:a':l"e::p'reS~sly provided in
the Commissions oj'l-Inq?:i'iVf;}b being no
given. lfllellfiemmissions Qf Inquiry
:7.fXCl".'._ to 'C§overnment to reeonstiillte
{l*1'<;{_ "Corfin1iS:};lorl"'---.g§gf"<'Ynqlliry corzsiifuled under
_ _SeCtlon .3' qf"V-{he-._Ae'i"lbg.; replacement or Sl,lbSfi{"I,li'iO?"£
Q?' iis sale'-Vrrlegnfcxer and {he exfsifence egg" any such
§eu%ef'..._beiz1g I1€§C{f.iUE3d by clear impliea:'z'on.. rte
* can be exlreieeei by {he eappmp:*:'a:'e
Ge:}e%f:2.}*nez2£l The selzeme (3; {he enaefimenz. is éfzaé
{fie efieropflaie iiéovemmené sl2;eu§& Emve me eeniirel
ever {he Czmmaieeéerz efier 53:»; es:m.5£'>;':::,:z'2'en zefzdier
Seeéiiae 5% 513;" sfilze file: e:{eep:.'§E3r §;E":.e pazqyeee <g§'j%'El§::§
any 2::e.ee;2e§; zelzéeh may §'TéQE}{:" e,:°z'se:": in Eifze Qfilee 53;"
E 09
a member Q!' the Cammission apartfrom wirtding
up the Commission by issuance of a r10t7;f1'eati§?:_a»e.
under Section 17 Q)" the Act if the z:en:'inu.ed V'
of the Commission is Considered uaneces.s;dry.'A '
vacancy in the office of a rrzemfjer
Commission may arise »~'f3eL'efaI
including resignation by rhea'.V1ne:ffi}aer, '2a?1et1 T
Gouernrnenfs power ';]§lI V'vL'Lea:'ée;g;AVV,:.'c;n.d,ez;
Section 38} of the flat be efiéereised.
though a case c;j"~.zjrr2;:;li.ea" re.é}:g§fia:_ion <:fe'ai:ihg an
implied vacancy {he State Qf
Madhya Prades?;Abe,fi.mfae the that stand
was ri._c3'"'r1.'£'Z{;.eiabafidoneci befere' "li5/§'%)}} Sim' Shanti
:B}1Lis?aa{1.
" ._ 129$. VV ':e'We"V.:r:o doubt, that the rule of
eoIiseig":£e:'iofe: in Seeiion 22' of the Genera:
' "CEauses"~A_e{: Veaafiait appiy :0 {the pravisiens Qf the
£3em1~n;z'ssie7iSV""bf fzzqazirg; AC5. £952 reiaiing 5'9
;*ee€;>?f13£:{E.;;:_€€0i1 of a Cammissierz eansziitzatea
é:ae:_e..;:2'2aer since Eihe subjeez'--mazier, eeasexé; aaai
;f,.?f}'"eeE:f.:ig;'" sue}: pr"a:}:i5;z',0a3 are irzeerzsiszeaz. usizh suefez
~ a;§pEEeaz:'er:., ziéaeeaeer, {fie C8§"%_S{.'§'E.£€§f€G}'I azaae 452;; :53
Eyes: §":<:zr_ma;z€s-es waif": :"§:,e :§:.z§g§e<?§:' :'gf"'§:?1e ena::§mer'::.
and She aiggieef sf Efze §.eg:'s§aa'er2' Res£'a:"z'ag pabéée
110
coryfidence by C0?'iSf.i.'i'l.lf'i.T1g a Com.missz'.or1 Qf Incgairy
to invesligaie mm a "c:i<,gj"ir1i1ie matter Qf
imporI:a1r1ce" is the purpase Qf such an
is, I:h<«3rejbre, {he prfmrs need, that the CO{}'if?l{34§§i(.)vii" 'V'.
fimczfons as an independent: agency;
gouemmeniai control after "Co:1.vs'z"i'z':u-Ema:
foilows that after appoiz1f:fi'cen.i':; j iihe T 'z?e_r 1z,;:1rVe3 ,
members Qf the Carin':-igsiori'-v.}ge23
dependent on the will Qf iiiai _'C}oI;err1V§n£2r'fliVi"; sacxare
L:hez'.r i.IId€p€nder1r:€£ A I;}aj'€':1'y'n!i(:}{;I S()._ inde;5éndér1f: is
not liiceiy to ergjogj*i.}'1c corgfiderxce
and may not: a!::tArar::.r_:~.VV;71t2;1A }_qf°'q:;a::::y" and seg/-L
respeci:.;fi7'V;§uCh*_ a g s--%f1LaEiarz;§.V"Viilcgfobjeci of the
{2%iaE{:?*:%g;;5a{; +1.'_;r'V*VL:zVL'9Virat'e3c17.. This aspect
é'a.;gg«ést:: 44VuCz:=__a'S!j_1'*z,a.C(:ior1 made by us. apart
j'ram 1;ar':T1<5niS'i.:i,'gjjmvisions qf me st'aE'uIe, aisaz)
, -prQrrzauf'*e3, £i"ee" Ciléféfgi Qf zhe enaczjmenrg whiie zizhe
C§_:rz§3:zfazcE.£.0a'ssaggesfred. Easy {hes appa3£Ean,i'j%':.zs:?'aE:es
c
« " -» 2 »':>.o{§'2M.
«A EL3:<{ "2116. Céfiffié'. <:>§.' fianguiyw Eiihe agmsaiwn '%'§'}.§{fE"1 amse
"':2fg';s.<§_:.%.s;*::r"§2'Q§ i%:és;§m%;::§% i?:a:'--; §:;::%€:'1 :"4:t:?%3:°z'::-:{§ 2:1: 21 'E'.':"é%3;1z":a§ far
€03"'~K:0.:::%§{E<%:':2é,:L<}:: b<3§1:}:'e {E23 §%.§;€:X €{§*a:"§, ax»-'3:siaé 12332511 Em
112
statutory obligation is cast on the State Gaxrerizmenfi. {§; :*es01yre
all industrial disputes amicably' at the: by
referring the 1'E'iEi'ii€1' for ccmcziliatéon. The re3Q1z;_.'L!i_a3:r}
is a must fer p're:serv'ing iI1dL1S'£I'i8:..§:
fails, then the only made: :i_n. "
resoived is by referring Ehé diSfi)u'i'§t: ffif
adjudication, When, a. £i€V'I'%;=;3r</':.yIV?:1'ij4:*§VVV'Vi5:,-i.;11a<;1E§"thév:'Fribu'naI is
seized of the dispute. ';4$'<1S' in accordance
\x?i1:h iaw. fix: reach of the
G0vemme'r;t'.' ithe said ena<::trne;n.'L and the
dispute res_d1'1iiivo2; i1r1echétn_1jsn_1 which is provided statutorily in
fiche said e:2act::1ef;:f.V; §'.h€¢_ 'E*:.r;'§3reI1:;e Court heié Ehat, when a
reference ifimade'_§::»3?~,'zhe3"Geve'rr:1men£. being sa':i8f:i.eé Ehaé; an
£;:14':Eu'--§st:*ié.§ dispu°;'.€_______§:v,;is'zs? the Gavemmené; :5 under an
Gb§v§; g3.:§:;§:1 é:.f§':: e§'er 'ihe dispzzit fay Enéusiriaé adjzzdicatian. E: is
£:':g:<>§:::za§*;:§iE'§1%'éha: in sgueh a C3565. {E35 C:{}V€E"f:Z'I}€2I?fi czar: gflzzim
power 1% éizziyiei a :"e§"ere:i:£:€ zmaée urifier Se::ti,i<;:*s. 2&2}, En fact;
in %f:E*r:--*; :?{:uE'$=:'3 {sf EEK: z-::"§3§:;2_'§1'7:::%':'";"€. 1?; $5223 s:":<mc€,{§{=€§; Eimtz ii. :%"<;2;;E:E bzfr
e;:'E:f'f§€L:§€?:e szmtasira 21 ciaim fez' an émpiiafi §§*x-£781' af czmceélaéicn
.113
in respect 0f 21 reference maeie under S.1€}{2}, }?L1:'tk1vs§7{*';«.._ié*--f.Is7a.s
heist
"if on the represe11i§z'£iQT:_ rm-"Leie"'*
empboger or his werkrraen
govemment censiders the maffetf fiflly reae'he.§ '
the coneiusion that anV»ine£usme{
is apprehended and :heié".fr1e,i;es .i31e[_'feje1}enee
under 310(1), t?"{er*e agigeeezfs no er
principle to suppoff fire" it has an
implied power to ifs' an end to
the refiereAr}E3e'_V by itself. In
dealffig €juIes'iie:§:_eit «ie important to bear in
order made under
13.1(3{E}, VLi}izée,f§§'tE§e'~e§z5;*3eEZe,né claims, is an absoiuie
pAee:t;ei",'_£t %he'.pewer fie eaneei impfies the
_ gibligeiéiofz £e'V--.m£3;v§ce"*'{:e1other reference in respeeé eff
dispr;£ieVi;1___g_ues€iem; ii' is net' as if the exercise ef
gfewer is subject' E0 the eendiiien {Piaf reaserzs
' j€i1};7efi'.V5¢'_;:(C:;";';;:£(V"1:¢'i3v5:'§_,:%3.i'{{'J*?'i of {he erder sheuéd be sea out. .3" the
Ae0«ae§9fi93f_e5iaimed be the (3£,§§€§§{Ié¥'Ei' is eerzeefieef {'9 {he
4' afypfafiréeze govemmeni' ii: Leeuéeé fie epen fie {he
.a§;§3?ep:ia:e geeemmeni {G éerznizzeée the
ereeeeeiémgs eefere éfze ifibunei as' any eiege ewe
R93' re refer {fie indusmai dispzgie 50 any eéfizer
114
irtdu:st'r'ial tribunai at ati. The diseretien given :3)"
appropriate gevemment under 8. 1 0(1) in ;. é
of referring industrial disputes tow
tribunats is very wide; but it 'Seems 7:he_ ;j3e"e2erVVto:'¢.
cancel which is claimed is :wi:7£fe":t ..3tiit;._cm_ti it
etaimeei by implication or; thettstfength
the General Clauses Act."~ve.§Jf:Ve, have 'me 3'2ee_:i.t'r:itf.0fi"tn
hotding that the rule efVAce.n:StrL:eni§<3n ¢n:,m.¢A:a:;e by
5.21 of the Ge%:ez:;é;z_'c'1au;;;,~c§§" ~.g;gi"'ia 50 far as it
refers t0 the powet bf ejf.gfiu1eeZitng the
original, caitinettt _:i;§e iizt tespeet of the
prou_i.sir}rts the Disputes Act".
'I'11er<a:E'{3re; 'ti1e§1eeVfaVfat£'<31f1"0f latxitttijy the Apex Caurt is in so far
as it refefs' to th;e:'pe'i3.2'e;"afttieseinding or eaneeiiing the originai
Qrder matte under 10(1) of the Endustriai Disputes Act;
fihe;'§pe%-fer est'-tieiffoeaiiiam ef the same under Seetien 211 Q? the
eteit
¢G«V¥e=:1er}:%f§'A Ciauees Aet cannot be invekeci. "fherefere, the said
' §"éi:ign':e$;::'§1aTs.._ne appiieatéeiz to the pewer exercised unfier
H '--$%€1?§;i{3:i.;§'€.'{3*{'§VE7;;.G§;ihfi Camtraet Labeet {ReguEatiet1 anei fibeiitéené
11.6
be used fer a purpese ether than that of extensgiexi;-.<'_:Ei:V_ the
exercise ef this power, enly such "reS£i*ie'tie:xe:_" :.,2_.rid_
m0d1'fieat.iene'* can be vaiidly' engrafted V 'ei:1aet1:1e'ze:
sought to be extended, which are;:A'neeeeeaf3z>
operation and effect £11 theU1j1.io'n4«'*ETefritery:.'v--'V*71§};£efiAifie§§xeierie"*L.
which are net: neceseary fer, er"Va::1:eii1ar3? afnei '&7se;§j:sei:y*ieVf1t t0 the
purpose of f;3Xi€}f1SiOIE. :3'1T¢ only such
"modificatiesns" can be for such purpose
as are requi1jecI':..j:§§:j-- the enactment
suitable to of the ijnien Territory
for if.f§;;t9»:V'§,§35ee;tee_n effect. In the eomext of the
seetiorw€f,§}e«we1<dVe'*.;%feeTi:"ie%i»e:f:s and moéifieatiens?' de 129% eever
Such altereiiens as}: 7".?0'Eare."'a change in any esseeiiei feature ef
'the»»e;;avetmenie1=Vf;§;e__Eegieia'§ive peiiey built imie it This is tee
,3:h:'.§d rieeéexxeiefi ef the Eimite ihai eiree.meeribe the peeserw it
e'~-wee }ie§d:"'-fzhefiikze reepegzdezais emme: derive egg; eutizeefigz er
:?e:%.§iiy §;:r::';":'r;:.-- Seeiiee 2;}. ef 'éhe Geeeeai Ciausee Ace fer the
EEQ§§§{f'~f5iE§s:f§'iS *e2§"€E1§:e'e*,§r:§; iéée ezemeéiene. The eeeree frere
f.,:ei':§e§1 ihe pewer fie amend the Seeend Seheduée eereee ie
.118
are 8.130 invaiid anfi ineffective. Therefere, the 'p;é$;e1:u to
withdraw the notifieatien was struck dawn er; g2tev'1;:e=i%'1'::'.:i:'i;a*i.v.
Seciien 21 ef the General Clauses,Azzri4has ee e?{ee{' 'lr§:eee;ea;e;e'e.
be-fore exercising the pewer, the ;ét2:ii1te';=§z"' _requife1:iez{1ts
yreseribed unéer the Act has'%1ei~.I.3eenAee:r;;>1ied \a2i._ii'i;.. As such. '
ihe said judgment 3150 has n0___ei§:p1ie.37tieIi'L0_the feats of this
case.
35. the Division Bench of
this Courti :jg3eWe'r of the Tahsildar to
c3.nceI1._}thev .fQrHeendu<:ting the election to an
Agfieuigumrei ="CemmiEi;ee, Eieetiens are to be
eemducteefifi aeeev1fdAe.fi{:e.'~"}iviih the previs'ions of the séaiutea
Thefifehsfidar V'e;%s--..£;1f:_e__§rAet:,e*rm1g effieer is vested with the gee-sex'
, iie-._§se«u_e 3 fieiiiieaiien fer heidmg eieeiiensc Qriee the eaiendar
A ef«e:refz'i:.§f"'§s: E;-giiéaiisheéé $1: is eetaied Eaw that :he eieeiien giereeeee
ealygnet be arreeieé in any mannez", Er: fee? {he Apex Ceurii
éime 2*§:i:é°i-ag'e;.i:r: E238 eazfiéemeé she é3.em"é,e {rem paeeézzg ifizerém
*?_ ' eréees interrupting such eieetien gneeees. 1%; is in that context
'5
"120
Enquiry Act, 1952. a notifieatien came to be issued setting up
21 Cemmissien of Enquiry {':OI"1SiE3ti11g at fitigtiee
S.T.Ran13.iingam, a Judge of t.h.e Madras to
investigate into the affa.irs of the society
conducted by it. The enquiry was-t'te'--be
period of 8 I'flUfi'11hS i';ron1 the date if;ti
As the enquiry eouid not be by
notificatien dated 1,8.;__1.99O 'vpe'rt.gd --:r:QI}fi1;:§31eting the
irxqtliry was extended {f1e1:1 by another'
r10tifiea'ti011 d.ated-- extended up to
3I.3.1:§92' 2_A:.i*i:tIt'..'tV3£1et';..VbyeLé::1Qt'he;" netification dated 2713,1992
the peried; 313:' eC::tf;A§.teti;m*%'g...:fi'xe""enqz:i.1y was ;{'urther extended up
ta 31_.3.t99h3t " ¥'§§zen~.e_%_he'tV teamed Judge seught fez" eertatrt
._ f'°aC"V_'?i'ti'i'i??.%1ef.:3__L"iehefiagh"'th.e_...€C§ever11ment. pmnlésed te Eeek tnte the
»3:t:2'a;7%;te1*, €.it.ej;tS;~.:;:ed the impugned notifieatten ;:e;:aE.2:eiz1g Juetiee
"'F§3;:*§_:a1i}*;g§7a::.1 a;t:V2"§ £i§§O§I3§'E:"§g &a:st.£€ée C:-.Q. Seham it: his ghee;
It ie..__the_v%:a§§€i'it,}; 9? the eeezmd ::et.:'f§_ea:i,i{>;b;. whet; c:h.a§ie}:1§._>:ed._ the
V'-».;'e';;:}e.>%; {'.g;_:.::::'t. Ezeéd fiiéitlt Se::%;.ie:1 2% et' téze Seezemé Ciémsee faatt,
{ta,:1"«--t>e tnveiied ant}? Zif, amt t0 the e::<;%;.e::t.. if am; the eefitext.
....
E21 and the scheme of the Commissimls of Irlqttiry Act 30 _p e.m1i'Ls. To the extent: to which téze e_:«:pres:-3 prev§si<:=:1 is n1.g£d.e:««.§:f;V.»vthe er1aci.mer1t. Section 21 eannoi. be ir1V0k_eei. The Section. 21 of the Generai Clexzaseshgxptbi.' is Vary or rescind any notz;i'.icati0'r1s' the existence of the Cemm.i.s$.Ee1zyehefi':1':bv:e01:jeS..':Lfi:1;1V¢{;§esea;§s;g ; can be exereiseci by i-SS1,1("3 of a T_8'.<':?,<~%c3:Vif<:i21'nee X!§,>fih Section 7 of the Act :":f_€;S:ei:3,<_:ii11g r1eti..fic:ati0n iseued Lmde'r Seefgion 3 t.§i~evV.C1'e.ifefif1issiot.1. Thus, the power 1.0 " -:><3:1«1i'e'rred generally in Sectiofi is ciearly inapplieabie in the sehve;1}e'--Gi; ef inqzziry Act which expressiy provides f::>i'~ t}'1e:%_';--'3xe'.;ie1*Es"e of this power in I"€3EZii(}E"} E10 21 Ce3_'z1'i':{1ise'ie>;: <:<>f1'&s*a'i1:t_;_1§[ed Lmziier Sf3C?;.i{§1'1 3 of the ;\e';. in "the .a'E3=ee'z'1r:e'.eE p--:}'we;' zznder the C<>1:':missi0:1s of §nq=a,:i1"";,--° Exci, L':-;::':.e'zyci:':2e'r":§ v2::*€ai'.:£<>:'1 :2? {he :':eEi:'E{:21'ié{>:': éeeaseei 'u:1de:' Ses::__£?.i<:>n Z3. fcézj. the pm/*p<:=$e ef reL:{>':":s.;§i':'.1,:iEm: ef ihe Cemm';e.:-flex'; in tE2<;>~.:3;"§¢::1':.m%:" i1';{Ei€::z'£e{§ a:;«':;r"me-i: he v';'X€;?§'§Z?T§:"%3%;?{§¢ Eizzegé Eha: §,se:e<~::;."
"fr: ::':":.f:3e;~r":{% <12" vgaz';-' zzééy eeE.i§E{:z2;:'§<>::é. by '~.-»'§m.::e ef See'z§::::e: 2;} is? {me § ii; ./' 124 of doubi that the exercise of pewer to subordinate iegisiation, includes the p»«::fi,=e:'~*~. :"
rescind the same' This is made ciemd.
2.1. On that anaiogy an adm:fiiSir'afivL2 deci.S'ier_z revocable while a judicial c{ee£3io%i_' nei~.reL?Qeabi except in special Cif'CL£f17'.$'E'C1_flC€3S..' A§~:_;%'ereise'VVLQ,f§;;:%c};,uer§ Qf a subordinate iegislaifdéa be }:i;'<:2Spe.€':'iau:'et: and carmei' be retrespeetfive' ;g:rz'Zess I}ie"~.. gezeatuze auihonises such _ A e.a:e2feé:.se"'*--Veex%ez'eSsZg {Jr by necessary impiieaiieri;
in Section 21 is of geféerei TE-§eV"power to rescind n'vaeVi1e{eio;§é+';ei Seé'£'io ra 21""i5"'d*-ithoui limitations or e{3ndi:i£0IIVSu.V.1f'£'..i:is power so Eimited as to be exereiseden{y«.Aor:ée\_ "E"?1e power can be exercised Vfrem Liime :.:: §érrie; iieiving regard {*0 the exigeney Qf éivrgiee V W'hefz «E?:;;___;9av Cenfirafi Ae:"_;:>ewer is given {:0 the S:'£e.{e.4Govvemmen:e is give same reiief by way Qf Ve'::*.;_3::':::;e';«::.%;V%ée:7zi.~ an:d;'er rebaée £10 zzewiyesiabiiehed €rz.d::5ef"I.f§s:££ unéfis by Q neixjieaierz, {he same can Eye ei:;§ji'0;££ed arid,/'er wz'{eZ*2,draz.e:z by isszsirag anezher :?:':3--i§;':'e<::2f:"e:fz made? {he same gsrevisiezz argd 3335?:
E,};"£'?'{§§S€ Q?' pffiiiéé? CQEEEEQEJ Efiejgmiieef 5;": size g:°e:;.neE Qfpremégsesy esteppeik 125
40. It would be prafitabie ta remembet' the purpose of the General Clauses Act j"
in one singbe statute different provisterL€~Vas_:fe&g?a;*feZs. interpretatiens Gr wards and }:3?"iI1(f:ip§e3,:t;£j}'tj£CV§';L" ' would atherwise have to be specfited sejfiafatetg Kit A many dzflerent Acts ans-tjftegulattene. _HttV1e.3 General Clauses Act say§'a»z.;.jhetherVar_ the meaning of woretspr aet"'fegn,arduee._{egat A ;artne'tj3les, has to be read e.*:.ei%z_§;:. tea which it applies, Further, po.z/,Qé3*.Vto'V.eutta'tI"ah.etg'~a% withdraw the no£§}"tC:2t:jé§;n u'n.ae}i_"-Seetfton 4.9 Qf the Eleett*iCi'ty~.. 'Ct, _ giving rebate is L'.Y?'i§it'tr,'I:.'3*,{iV":: "Seetfotri ttsetf on proper tr_tterp~ret'atzaJn_Vibf_Seette:'z':21' of the General Ciauses Ace "T_hefefere;-- t?tt.3 'C1i>urt is of the firm eptnten that, po'wert--_ ta etiftatl and;/or withdraw the neztfieatiewe .;Z§;_~;g,;=ed tzmaer Sectien 4§ Qf the {Suyptyj Act, E348, granting certain avaitabte to the resperzaents.
' By virtue eaffieettetzs E4 and :25 of' the 'fletizerat Ctauees Act, when a pewer is eergferred er': At 'T an &£§€?:§?§i§; tie ate a geanftezztar aet, eaetz peejer eat: be exeretseafretn time te time arid. earrtes :5-=>21t§': it ' g:2;fet-§?i{i<;t€§; it": rS:~:<t:'ti{>z*: 2E <}§'tE1.<-5: E:<:t,, E31 erée: €18 {mat em?" v:t':e:t.§1s;%:"
E26 the power to tt;z',t':'hdrau:. modg'/'y. amend or the rtottficatiotts eariier issued. to be -1- the like manner and sz.t.i:.3}'ect. to Zike any, attached wit'h the e,>cer{:i;éée"C3[ lite péim». would be too narrotu a cieeegfiii C}tcz1'geabiiit.y once fixeeit' £§§1Ifl!10f ctliere"tti;VVA the charging provision it*'g, :Z:j.}'tE? Eleetrttrt£y:.'.={St"tpeEt;} Act, 1948 is sz,,tLg_z'ect. t'Qt.-thé'v.SZa.te Get:'ernmerzt"s power to issue ttoiigffé-'sattagrt :_trt.dé=--é'Seei_iort 49 ef the Act granting rebate. the Ge.ve'r:iUr1¢:rt.i., in view Q/' S€3Ci,iQI1-.'A2§_ Q]: the _:'V;3e.rterEEV._Clauses Act, can always "1.i'/'iZiK'A::l!Qi_?f£IL':i/','_' re-3g:irz:i., iladd. to or modfly an exemp.tio>fi__ Vr:t_Qt'§fft*atetcir:.§_' Z\;'cj"2;%t.ci£gst'r'y can claitn as Qf grigftt f,?t£3?§€)L9et't1.t;ft(€t1iJ sfttntld exercise its power tinder Sectfieiéi attd rebate and it is for the G-OU€?fFtIT"le?"Lt" ale' whether the conditions are , ;'3:,tcf't ifttgaii rebette Sheuid be grantged 0?' not". "
£*'3i§}:a'é the zafztreseid (tissue:-3;'.en it £55 eleze: t;.h_a.%;:
at "¥J§E€E1 in at';
5/ Se{:t;3et3 E3 E1}? the Gezzerai Ciazzzeee :"a<:.t ztppééee {ml *..erta€:t'.t"i:e:éi-E. tiizezre 3'5 me tatjgéeeifiér §}:*:}:z:7.ss§{:s:2 pF{3'%7iC§EEZ'z§; .§7t:»:° '%fi£§'§'£{§. fie 1.2?' such 21 p'rovi.s;;'.{m exisaiss. the schenle: of the be $<:rutir1%_:'2:€:d. If there is no iI1di(?a.'{.i€}E} of V expressiy or by i.mp1ica1.i<3n then Section Clauses Ac: has to be read into order is passed under a [.)ariic,u12x.1:'«§;i.bé;1f;ite 3».'r':'r_i. 'if Lt.
6:-ffczct to, acted upon, e:0§:seq%;:x':::_§':;i;1E i'Li.:'zh_e1° ,<3j e*psV':._{,=;:i*&:VV{:{keI; i:2 a<:C0rda11ce witi: 1:--,1w', gmd {}T1VA3'_,I.'f3VVV:A.[i3'«':_?tI'"¥E"-_3._v7" i'n{.§:fcs'L_s Created. than rszscignding or :'e\;dki_§§g_$t§:Ch;_be1%§ at that silage, would have serious co;3seque;:3.C_c: s;--.V'1;fiV¢2;;L circunz;31_ar1Ces it cannot be said i£#'a1;.'t4hé:._poa.Ic'f 'Lé'Vi_S's1.:'1':3.:1_Q:t.iI'ic:a.ti011 inciucies éhe pOW€1" '{.O 1'f3;5'C.i~'I'1£T1 '*£)1' --.1jévQ_k<--3. In the absence of 2: S§)f3C':",ifiC pI'OViSiO'}'23 [§}'TU\.:"'i.§jfig..:ff}?'"S§{?€.§§' 1'€C€iSSiOt'l 0:' revocatian and an EX§1'{*;S_S< er i%'r:;; ii6<f§.,§3a1?*_ibi""éuCh r'e<:<5:ssic;:; or rsvocaéiong Section V' 21- ./.071" %;};1§: £§€m:1"a1"€*';'ai~é$r:s Refit. asppiies, anti smith :1 power is to V 336" %'75§£*;ii ii"§ '::@ ':'<;=a1s::h &§}21C,'§.:"m3z3':.. O€,h€'rxs.=*isss;a. Q16' 2-"61"'Z'F <'J'{),§'%::%i of e:3;1z?:1:%1:g ."_"*,..E2';;é' §}i€{'..€ <3! k-3.gis§2ép1§<>:z 3e«:?{>me5.»:» :*eés.m.{§.az:"é;. '&Eéi'n1eiv::e§}2'~€i}:@ ap;:»§i{ta¥:)§Ei%,§; {>f{S<:*::€'.31::;:": 2% »3§' ihés Easi: e:%e'§_}%:'z1<:E$ €22':
V iE:::: s;;a%?:e3:1":'3<?: E}? 'é,%":.e ;§€E:' 2325: m,1é:1.:z:"<= 51%? §;<}w€r {é<3::.§':%:f;°<¢{§._ %i.h€--: s'3'§:»_j£%s:::, ' ;s3:_:_ghé ":0 be zaaéhiséwigi a:":& 12:6 §;:11gz:21ge €3f§I1{}§{E}f€':{§ 123:3 ilrzez said 13} mafice as Cen't'.e%r1d€d by '$116: 1*esp0nc§e::1i;s' E1 was cécifiended that aftes: The chaiienge to the Nei:ificat.ion p:;:>1nT_:s3::;i:;g;~ contraci; labour failed. ihe State insilead of i£i.§<1..i:I"1§;§:vA'aC;{.i0f1-£0Vb impiement the said N0tific:ai10n héis ié§s';;€{i 'ii-.i:1.*;s3 "'E\éi_x3tiVfic:a'£:it;er*; rescinding the earlier NOUI_§€38z1'.iVQfl. 'is of law. The S'1:a1'e which is to .L1I;}1'.1.f)1C§V sjof iafii? iiseii" is a party to vielaélirgxu of;{he:i§ifi.xffié;.gd t};é§'r3'§£>:"ig the power exercised is vitziated. ii afiez' issue of a N0Lificati0:r: v'iai1$;f3ur H1 3. st.atuto:<*y cam';r.~:en, it; did defend its action beforeiifihis the Apex Court. Theugh it W213 c0;1i;§fr1d5éd* ~x}v~21s my i:1i;.erim siay 91" {he eazriier N0t.i§iCa€;i0::",*<Ihc 're:#_a'r¥}S d.i';éC,ios€s {hm tires iearned Smgle Judge ha€i€.gram.ed &:'2"V-iTn1.eri£31 {}1"d€'E' af stag; ami the interim": Grdez' 0%' . S'::'c?:,.§z" *<,x;f21$ i:"; i5¥:">;'€€: ever} whén the :119J¥."E.€:;' xxszas §3€f{:1'€ iihe Apfix £§£;=%_,_z1*'.'ig'*'E"§2§*z"<:3§%:;:'é:, éiis :::a:°§.§':>.r 'E\i€,='{é§i<?.::E:iz>:1 muieii 3303;: ham: been giv--::_:; €.f,7§<:>a_§*;':j'..-- "it: 3:16: ai. 2.§,E1§_.7 1"Z3.'§.ff.'. i.he.2*; Gm-'e,:'r1:':"m:1§ a';am"1<;:si;: E>€:::
L'; a, §:£a§::::;%%:§__'£._:'<}.:° s5u.{:';"a. am 2515'/Z.'§¥;3'§'E as-2-. sif:::a3jg':;§'3.§Z 'E26 <;z'{§::3::" '§}éiE~§E~§éi'{3i by C{3LEZ"i5., The {3C{I€iS§{§E'2 is i::1;;«E:s;%§:"3em'%; {Ems E'«Em;§.§3.<i:21%.i::»:1 a:'<:ss€ ' '«;,w_ I", .
':32 only after {he Chaiienge faiiizé in 2116: SL1pren.1<:--"'--._Couri. Emrnediately, 1.h.ereaf"§er The ez11p§_0;J<~31' made a Y€3pf€S€§IifEa';fi'QIi'..f{)T resc'indir1g ihe eariier r:0tificati.0r1. They re.fe'rr::~d 5; 4_ representation to the St.a':€~ Advi301*y"A}3'uaré é1E7f:;-r Vre.c}ei\?;;..r,1g j {be r€:C0mn'1e:11da{,i0I1, the 'impug11é'd 'i:.0f.ifi<:ai.iQi':--.,c;1I;1_§'.\,:;;,C5".'$Qe issued' 'i'he1'e,-fore in this bait:-Eg§a:tQL1nd.," ii, vsajid that' {he State deliberaixeiy not itshs' éw:.1A.§\IAc3Et§fic:ation. 1'': 1S a policy decision. If {1*xéy* g:'a4{5iVifijy :<;i<:Vc*isic:n to withdraw prohibiting CE11'1'{,€€1'1S afier following Q26; as {hey VV€1'€ of the View iljat was not in the best imeresé ef the xvofkmén, *c1}.1_ ?'.3:t:-;1'&~';»;is.:_}é§%:«;}'i:~Cieéd 91.' them is to foiiow me law p1*e$r:2:ib<-:::"i ;jdV..x%;*i§1.§v;:1réi*;v the said Natiiictaiion. That is praciaeljg whai. €;héjg.?"§éave done. 'f'heref0z°€, in the absence of _ Va:-;_3_;.+' _SVpé::.:ii.§'i'€:.__§}1€g§a¥;im1$ Gf m.aEa {idea agaizzssé: am}; 3? the é}?f:;{fiaE$._ é;.;"":.:'<%"r:er€ '{a~;'.§ §.h2;.':;', a ?*;Eai;i£31€a:::§G:1 whészth 132155 u§;E':e§.GZ by Exheiz .;'*;fi:=;=::a;' Cmsri. is; '~5.r'iI:h{§ra\>;:} 3ub$ea§.:§::é€'EjJ weuld :35? A{:{3I§"s_;%E.iiu"§".{% :"m;:§£::<: in Egg? 3:: gas: 29 :€%;§a%i.<:% %.E";z;=: E'*=«1%'§::9Eé§E:?.;r,-=;:§<};3.* "'._"F?:;::%€§0§'€9 we {E9 30?: see any ssubss'€a:1<:«3: in {he s~.2a§€i {:0:1"i<-*:m.§0n'
41. in $0 far as the violatizan of primizipies GE _I1at.ura1 justice is; C(}?3CE€31:'iE€d, while issuilng the eariisz' E'\:'c}¥;if_i*c;':>._iir._'3zT"1--;_ the views of the r€§3'rese:1t21t'§ves of the w<>r1<:m€:'3. who.-\5Fe14é ":."I:"1":;'.T:T1:'{'/<f1?:I*:€».
of the Advisory Esoard we.1:'<-3 <:0r1sidé;1jed. E11151"'L'i'1{%§'<ZfiE1f?;€I"'Abfiifoffi. rescinding the t1otifiCati<:)r1.. the same p1*9;€e::ii;31'e-.ié§- t"0'iYt:x§.*€1d;%3y the State Advisary Bcaxfd. '1'h:5 112_:;1t¥;e;5 wziiss di:=s;.V:2;,i':~;':';ec_i at4_Vien;c;t1jifi The repz'e5entat,iVes of the 1LQ.b0_ur '{'J':':_;'«(§'r1' (V:§ea.1'1;,-I and u.11equ.iVGca.l]y expressedfl ilheir-'_$*i€:!.v:§ 'agspdiéirlg Such withcirawai. If-i0\,veve'r. {he GQver11111§:;1{. .g;?:€i__ Eis?'"~e1{:{:*:%j;}1..~" 1,1116%: views and §31"0C'3€d'"3d m' 3..iS$7Té§l»E' ihéz i1§fiIJ3'L1_£§ii6?i 'N"<:-t.i.£7ication. Thcireafore ii <;.aI1:(;0é. be séiAEC1'V_-I.h';n3.£.1':a;'€2~ been a Vicfiatéorl of }JI'§§"§CZipI€S of z§ai,u.m.1 j'z;seé'.ic=r:. ' .
42¢ §ead7.:_2$<f;:é t§3<: qL:€:$'i;::{>:1 wheéher r<~:s{éir1d;i:1g of " '~ 'ih€."3 4€'€1%"13.é§" §'5€>'€.if§.€i2'a;i.i--.<3:.:i.":«';s ii: a_£:r:0I'£§2::m:<: with law: m" is ii. xrééiaieci L '$72?":E'§.{3%1"v§&*;§?{.fi":.,;§..Vi.-EH2'? :'€f1€'i£&1'£";§ f;2<*.":{s:"§-.3 amt? :15}? z21E<.i21.g.§;j :}.<}%'.:'-3 of £,%2é:
€':3V:"§iVé:" E€5_ga1E '~g;%*=:}<%é;éeci.i.11;_;&s Eieki $33; éihe §€iE1i"§E€{§ Simggk J{id§:§€3< E:
f WEEEE gzééééz {:::§3::'a:<:::':<%€:<% Té:i':;.'gé za?§::%§": g'}{3'm5:' if} §"€{}é.§.§':éi:a%;.§<};::: é:'§{i§"z_;c§as {'56 pamrfi? '£0 1"e:§;{:i:'2{§_ GE' :'@'s;{} me §'~.?<3é.iiE{":;1zi<3§*; flail ;_ é 1.35 {b} whether it :3 of pererlxliai 1131:1363, {hat is it is 0fsL'1fficéieI1t d1,1rat.1'011 heaving regard .. n2=;tu:i;£3"0f inciustry, trade, business, _.zr22;1;iv:;i'aJ_.::{:L1.re R3? "
occL1patio'r1 carried on X wh{-:1'.he1" ii is {4)fc§.%'f§2Jriiy 1 workme'r1 in that e.§é§.211gs:1ishIne;3%;
simiiar 't:her<;%1fa.;_ whether E': cc)ns'ide1*ab1e :1 2,tjz1':'i>t_3£'_' of WI"! Qlff,-.:':Li{11€'.W§:jI'}iII"i§§E1 . "
43. _ ve;"}_-? factors which the State Advisory. Board' iVs"e,_§:§3c'{;%~{§€i:'§«.f;{; %;,a}~:€; note of beferrs making any reco111111e:::1a,1;:i0::V to 1'.ijeV'~Govem:11er11;. Aié i,1V1es€ fexctters were Ezelkeigi n1:31'::é: e.:>§ "i:r3%. £136 f;»ave:T:11";er1L which xvzzs aamiizzbls $110 {$29 i39i?z3rr§:1f:e:2,é.'* .:;1E£s<>K Merely ?:3s:%a*t2m$e in ihe iirigxxggzéeii E\E<>i:.if':€21*{.§o:1 'Es? _:*:=:>_§" %§Z€§f;'.:fL.E@I§1€{§a :33 W225; m::%:1't.iGz:<:d in ihe: iiariiei"
iii Z%\E{3§:'i:§"§<:aE:§{>:3;; <%2.m:t:0E'. E36 sgsaizé {E131 §.h<;=; G{}z;<::":";:":":€:2t: 'Ema 5143':
EL.a§éi&i;*::": §%:3!.5;:{}'v£f§}§;';S§.{§s3'§?é%.§.§{}E": i.§?";é%sa:,:z*: 212;":-%;:€_:>'r&:«.. iE3:=% ':@2:r:":${§ EZ:i:.3..g.E:% z:§¥.§d§EE'g}:T:é¥Eé in céeizzié r&iE:=;":'€:<i 3.5; 17:25 przxteéiéizzgs §:>:":§«:>::*€: ?;.§':s:% E ;
E53, / /,..
138 Advisery Board. He has also leaked into ihe faetgz. are made avaiiabie to the Government at the time of__E;§e'af§.:;g:; the aforesaid material en record ii; t§'--2e¢ recommendatien of the Advieery j;£}':$;» i~ eariier Notification was not Vur;ani:e'ep:£é;
epeese such a move 11rhereae'V"S1%i»pe1"sr:3fEeV_ ii::§Qde' *ag Mfevoufaeie recommendatien. o;%;:'~ec'£n~d discloses the Labesur Minister mthfirawing the eariier Cemmissiener. The Chief .The::ef01'e he Wanted a exercise that uitimately the Goxrerzimenf '§.0:e"i§:':e'.Va,_ €§eej.sien $0 xvithéraw the earlier ';\?0t§.fiea1':iu€,I:_1_J in i;he"1:igh1;"p:f {he aferesaid undisputed, aémittee £131ei;?sfi'£.i.3 not ..aVease'Where a deeieien is {alien eianeiesliineiga = w.i't--§1 eL:i'Ae.;:§'g1§ring iviéeiiné and witheuf; eengiéering 'she Eeiearani _ "';?l:a;.:*'£;.":2.:'us%*;«»_ "F§'i?e..e_zVr£:>;E{e:" hag been discussed at Zength» There was ':2 eéiff v0§'§,;:;3§:;:eiA%Z9'£§ie;}. to the Eeeve ef éhe Qevernmeni. The Chief E'v'§i£:ie::e: egg iereeé %;.e C§Z%;'?aSéE.§§, gsaeei eeeeuede 3}: eezzeemefi aééd AAu?:ima¥:;e'§:; 3 deeieien was iaken fie wiiizéraw the saifi E3'?
Noiificaition. Ur1f01'{'u.I1at,e1y, ¥;h0L1gh ihe learned Jsidgge has si,a1;ed the law on $116 §3oi.m. very C.0rr€<:1:ly £0 tlhfi <§fié'cff§'ET,i9:'a1t. 21 judicial review is pe1'm.isSi.b}e in iaw only 2.0 fifxjii 0.;if.'u.\§s'1i1¢th6':
{he process 0!' detrision makiI1.g wasmxfzn aLt<:(.;'I'Ci2(n£:5€.'$311': 61'. not and the validity of the dec:is'ic};1. i}.1e= . " erred in s;i{t;ir1g_§ over the JL1dg;<11_<§'r11'. \.*iewg,§.j{T the netes which were made Coufsfi and the other 1:1at'.erig1§ on :2.s§ if he-..1gV_:;11. appeliate auth0}:ii.1.y, It is S€tfiéd'--.1}i\>_»f Césurt. cannoi: sii in appeal over the Ac1ec:isi.or;_.._V:A;31 %.1'iévC(>;..'1Vrt*V"h21s to £00k inia is wh.ei.h:er '1,hé' ._~fiecVi':3i012_ 1?:]_21%:i1j;g ;3'r0cess was just and in accordéuicée wiih .1233"._21:25:11':=e:;;sor1e1bie. Once: the (1:35: is gassed. the High C<.);u:"i' Vc:£%;:_1;":'-oi; Si? in &'udg:I1em. 02231' the <:0r:'e<ti'.I1eSs sf %;hc5--;§€:Ci::i.m1 o£'"tE":_ev_ G{;.vs;"11.1:2eI11. in this; coiziaxt ii. 1}€Ct€8S&1:'}-' A '{..0_ fiiéié . £,§1e"':s_e1.E2€{i Eeggai ;30si'£.im'1 cm me p»:>§§2§;. in the :::as€: GE j2,:;«:¥i{%i:3.;§}21EE aha ;a:.7€.§<;:3'zs; gf 33$ Caz";sa:é%:.u§,£.:>:121}; ;m.€;,E10:*§i§;}=*', n<;'i::.-Egg an 2.23%: gzfgzzxiéd {E3215 E319 {§§3{fiTIi..':§{f}'E.?. wfrgézih .:a§3§)€:e2.§:: is $31.6: S"£»F._§i":§"': 3.3 i'§;f:£;A' 8%;-3.E.€., E'.§::3 C<§z,2:*i4 <';2::r1:::.(}¥; résa-33:33-' s:;u?<3:?s'£§%1;2*;'.<% {he €§€§::§:%~,:i:?;§;_ :*s:%;ac:7,E'::'.?<:ié '£325; 21: $1.33.' i;721"<>{%<?{iu§§; $3; 2?: §§§§§%é2°s;';.é. {§§:>.<:%s5§{>:z=, ii I 139 be heid m be withim iis Cempetence to frame 3 the aciminmiratiian of the Siate. UYHES-S the p§s7;i§§:§?"A absoluieiy capricious and net beinVgHA»Vi;1.fo'r11?;e'a?'»--%§};*_..§f;éf§ r¢a3:¢::s ~--. Whatseever, can be Cléariy held to a1rf§1i*vr$;ry.: " mere ipse dixii: of the e>;ecutivf:-._fur1c«i.io%i'2iri¢s Article 14 of the Consiittfiicgfg' gr o£'f§:n.ds other constitutional p'r0VisiOI5:§":ar statutery prevision, tha Cgurf; outstep its Iimiit and tinker wifghé 'i'gé'poE:§.cy «e#xec'utive functionary 0f the stajéiéy. 0: STATE or MZP. AND ANI) OTHERS mpartea in 1986 held that iha Court Cannet strikg dowti ..1:h'<--; p0:_i£:Aj,2V-,_:déC'is§<3n taken by the State Goverzzmem , ' m<:»:'é--;};}rBecausé"i¥: .f¢;¢i}3 ihai ano:I:1e'r poiécy decision wceuid have "b{:'.C}71 fa§s;::1&:j Eéivwiser mam aeieniifiic 9:" Eogifial. The C0:/gr': can §n:1<f:rféré:"'~«;§§:;.E.f{;-..--£'§° £136 peiicy desigéan is patamfiy amiirayy di3.g'fimimé;_i{;.§f§} er male; fide. in N & BACEAG Agfifififififi vfifi gyigzg 32? zgmgzzg rsgparieéf an {mm} m 3&5: $54? me V, Su§>;fe::'1 é Ceuré; heE§ {hat ii: is 'flaw weii setiieci $313.3 th€ Qaurts;
E//..
I 42 farce has no c7om;)l21§:";%. in this z'eg21:'d. Gb1i'gEi'{i0I1 of employing p£3:"I112111e'I1'[ l€tl'){)L11' {.0 run these CE1'I1t€E3'f3~.'£~.'f:317l_C)1,l:l!§laflof be forcecl on t,l1(::m. So they 1."<-:*qu<;*:.<s't@d for r<;j~__I<3'().l§ Cffihe KI5(}l§.§',}-l decissicsn of the G0verm3'1e1'1i'..
45. T116 Efinien F§.:f}£1lI1fif'<;4_:.v:l'¥i'§.lI1lSl:t?§~., placléld belbre the I--3;,1:'lian1eI1lfi 200 {Q Eifi all resE1"i.Cl,i01*1S on cut sOL1;;él1";g <3lli'~V--*a;fc);l*l{ di.l'fereI1ti.ati.0n to core and. l')€1S'lS. The Union FiI"ia§'1C€ l\§€£l'1l1il';"'i?(3.i:""'iliifsfi}"-l':~€1S'".1}§'é"§0l.fL'§,V.i1'1f3 idea of allowing the engag_emer_1'{C' gt<}3nt,1'e:g:i?~«labour both in Core and n0nAcore a(:tiv'i1i€E.1. ""§"§3.1'Sv._§.$--..'wil:E':.___'é1« '"v§<:*W K3 allow the §}":ClL18lI'§€S ':0 C("}§3Ci3~Tf1§.'l"E."l.~f.'.'l :11': '§;.l"3'€?E1"V'€f€)'i;'€-COITi1p6l,€flC§.€S wllitth is requirecl for 'Elie .st3"1*vix?';1§ anal lllgfexxfth of the §n{lus;{::"y. Largfi n.um':3€;-2;' sf 1 l'l§3."?:§§¥li":Iii._ll"i-€,r'_*:S'; lse _:,: lzirge E:'é{';&3.l€. m€;e:%%m":": scale :33' .s::3;1a}i}; :1~2{?aE-1% aaret x:§fi:}:«s§.:":§:_§V. siaéfisgzii. é..'Ei:<-:*é:" 13121:':::l%2{:%1.u:°§:'1g iiI'l§'€:',-3 all m-W313' §:§':{~:: {?{)§.l.H.§i'}="
:L::l<:E:.:'::lVi;_:"};~g; E/ii;1:':":ai.2:§«;2L Ewing zmzlbisé is facz": {?.{3m'peE.'ii1i{>E:1. '%2<>é%1 3 '§'":_"<?;':%_: "2-viiéfizé §,l"§€'. <:{>'%,:.:1:.:"§? ;-:':I3I'§§.; §E"i_','2E'E"%; 2?fi<}:'»a:=;2::e:§ E'-='u:°'€.'T.%':€:i"° i?;*a;:<'% Eta"; ?::<>;:§7;p1:§$§<m 0? <.*.€ss;":'. a%'£'"E'"€<'tl.§*vt%*:2§%s-;s;,. 21. 1'm.::'1%3é:r G? i:';.<§1.2.é&:a"l,'%."é€:s~¢; :;1:'€5 143 reéucing the expenses and cutting jobg, as a rasul-if manufacturing sacter jabs have drastically C{31I1£?§'':€1{)i?.zff1;x:'''M§3'31:"€''' :
1<:)t:a1 industry woulci find it imp0ssibie__1:n. face <::éV:;ir'1§:5é%§iV\%;i§§r1 countries like China and South As§i.an:;"'(3du:€iries_"avEig>;»._¢,3§*é_: manufacturing qualify gocsds andT_C'ff¢ringA'th'e;1: a;'£iv:<f¢:1s-idVer=ébiy --. L lesser prices,
46. In the fieici Qf...§mT.d:L1si:+§f running of 3.
canteen both in 'isfégafded as 3 busirless.
It is a specialia-:~_t ac%:;§Vi.ty'. ' 71.'1i'é3'a fife firofessionai Caterers who have ::ommiSsé_one{i.Vspu'f~«.Ki1:_c}_;ens of employing large trained work f{)fCZj:f€;', Caf1i;eéri'sef-aides'. are an impertani segment 3f the growing serizice 's<:€:1;0::* Er: the country. it is also a specialist "3:.n.i;€*;ii1ei§.s: ifantzzreé "file impugned neiificaiien recegriizfis its ézgit-3%L¢;--:: ce:A asé imp-oriani iE'1C§1i$'5C1'jJ in the service sects: The r:&»§:{€€r:.. .as:é::Z\f£i§z net being 3 COE'€ aeiizfitgi in a I:1am:§aQi:,m°i'r:g ergafiizaiéang the miafiagemanig Esave not been abie Ea éavsiep '_ rE:i$;'§§§_:'"E§S€ in EEEES area, E': :3 ihfi sxgeré; haééfis V5228 {tan argganéze siuch activiigg §2re§€:'§§.-2 When such exgsrt fifitabiishmenig are 5%/.
E46
47. The: E',stab§£sh.mer1i and 1'L1m1ing of 3 c.2m§;£~:e-n is, therefore, distizaci from the principal, czere iz1dL1st.ri3.}..acfilaiity of a factory. This 0biigatio'r1 of {he tamploying {Q run these canteens should net be forced 0n_.'£VZ*:_erij;;.V nsfééanb inctentive '£0 "new invastment. The é:3tr¢:p:fe1fr;.eL1»1'S.}:ax2e'V.fi.O,E:1c3firiéve ' excellence in their field. Thrsiy hz{v<': rtU be esiablishments should be the Core areas requiring focus; t.he';§s'%i'r4;;1ce sector is giving I.'I"10i"€ e1'I1p10yr:1.r:1fi# Govem.111ent, eught to ex1;:0:;«r2{ge indi__r€::.r;ft.'e'r§*1p1ay_n1ér11i in service 56010;' which has ¢:131.plsy1n£;nt_paieniial instead of fosrcing direct e'n1pi€}y:--:1ep..§, p0té:1if'£211"'w»§-'hegae poieméal is very Ii:":1i1:ed. The recentiy 1::§;,ib1ish.€é__ §':A:L'.{J:'l'1C?E:I1iC Suzvey reperfc C1€33.I"§}=' states that Eha'i:;;e:1i.1:'acé §a§i}{§'L'z,if_'_§_€iFJi:'S as E: exists iaciay makes ii. ;%mposs;1b'I.e 113:? gfa;11;:ji;";.$."~3a1f:2z1I scaie €1"1T;};"€:'f}2'€§"i€?.1iZ'S ta §1'0§?id€ SEFVECSS to 1"%f£f"i=,€:%* §:*;i§;i:a1§,:.:1g Ei%3€::';fli:aa:i¢i<>§;.E 112% G{3if£i'£':'iI1'E€i§}fi, is {:€"é3{::::2*::::é:::3:§<: §éE3€%'§'2:E§;»:ai.§{>:2. zmai ggi<§§i;22§i;e:21%,:<3E:. S€§§(}L1§Efy'?~ €'%':i.e:iA€a%:@r:r::§_) E0 bmirig Eabzéur ism: re'£'<';2'rnsE in 532% waiiii ,w.-~qv.e M, 147
48. In '£1116 C.o:1ir3Xt of the §"11E1I"k€:1', or3'.€r1{.€:ci_ »g%lC:}§>é:.1isec1 new e<:01."1c}miC ])O1§C'}-7 0? the G€}V-'6§'I"1}'1}€I11.. the reguieltion and d€*COI"1'[.i'O1 had been §:1£,1'0dL1¢¢g1'T't£fi. E'ei{j'i.~1if2x§"é 'e;Qf ' ordination ef market. forcests. :Iri'"' V:ss'i--I';i.:a{.iQ11.'j' industriai <3si.a1b1is}:1:.11em'-s haw-'9 Conipetencties for Sun-'iVa1 &1II1d."g1jOX-£~"'fhV I?;;msi11»:;;~;#§2 .'\K-'1'1:J;;(i}} 'L1§f:y of 0'L1tsid.e Specialized Se1"vic:€S €SS(§'£1£V'it;:1xi;:.V-1H§'OC'LlS 01$ peripherai ac{.ivi"{i6:g ;.¢;;1ch ,a;~.s--. 3é€:'t:ri1,3r, 1*;()11Vs§{:2 keeping, ga'rdt:ni:1g, ETr£i.1'15sg)0rt21i'i:>.1fi,.A Llnioading, food p1'eparati0n 2mdA._serv1'cc:. V(v?},3fL;',S€',". iIZ1;1f};fi?§';i{§3€ strain on the estab1ishn1eritJ5§._--v di§tV1'a1«;>£.ii":1..g_ _t.h_'.:-?i.1' a¥;,1';e'111i01'a ;{'r0m {he care:
aCiiv.i1ieS.._ I:_'3'.1'."'t-'(*31'"S§'{)V1'i« G1F b'm_$ir1E9:*ss SGU1I.'C(-ES 10 p€1"'iphe1"21§ a(:i:ivitieS wO111:.i-nrxake.' '€'£3ta?%;Ei$11r:1s:*.;.':*: %.r1ei°f€:t3ii*v-'E: and §"I}€'ff"i(T'it§E'i3;.¢ It '"=W€>V't:1é E'T_"€SLVi'I§" in .i.I"{}'éC!S3'Ii".ig,{ L1f1§}Z"{3d§.1C;{§'v'€ 'W'OE'K bLu"'d€'~n on the I IVEV3.*;§..'F."1'VI.E.'5E.3;.'{."~'.'I"LZ'E iiég E1€:tiviI.§§::s; whficiéz. weuié C23.'i§--S:'=f;f s:%'§:m"m<ms §'E;;*:2:;:2<éi21E.~3s:'2fgi%.:'; e:§;3e<t§2§EEj; ax.-"§":€;'1, U:':s;%;*s;: are Sgfifiifiéfiifiéfii a2:§§3:2.c;t.§:%$ ;*€:2de%£:1§;; iE2€)E-Eff 32%;':-'é{*:=:s' Ass §{}E}§; 22$ éhfii s€:21*:'ut'<3:i§; I'€{§§}_i:'€;%Z'§'1fE§'§'é', _<::~§ ;3éi:éé:§:§§z:g §";§;g;§<%:'1§<E ikasd iiié-;s:.*§':;~2;";;§fé5:{§ bf; %;..'m:% 3'-.:z::2fi§.".%.E.{.>§-'z":":'? '$11.5':
' v§"@:"k f<:I'{':€: Ems; 2'10 (?<:m;:E2z§:::£, in %'_i":£:'~:' 1*e3,:§2:.:*c§. U§:.i:":"s2_1€T€E§,I zzéim' 4 1&1-8 'taking into coz1siderai.i(m every one's View-*s§ {he Gosaférnmeni. has; taken 21 gzaolicy de:ci:~3i(}z1 ta ITE3.-i1"Ei(,'.(E its st:e;.3e:W2_1i:qiV"'id-.r<é€1211l the €i"c1F1iE3I." order prohibi1.i:1g the c{>m.ract §¢':'Lb()'L":'..1_"" i;:'=.,.s§%eitt:1:g3ry' ctanieezas.
49. In the earlier reund {sf Judgme1"1t of the Apex C0L1r*{: tie;:l.i.fié;% 10 it was a policy decision'. The .:_t:;f1«;;-14.i_»(t3,-* taken by the GOV€"E"I'1I1'i€11i. afte1.' presctribed under law and vizher; iaw. 'the quessticm of Cotgrts E13 fiérfferfizig V\.x==ifg;§'§~ .i;_1'1e_ pjlicty decision did moi' arise. F03' the saIfie;._ i"€;1st::1:é'-ii'Gfi--..;*<é'c{§11side'r21ii<>n.; the Gm»='e'rn.Ir1€ni has {,a.k§311-an poiitty. de%{:.i's:i0t7. 2?§1.<-Er f0l10w'ir1g__§ she ;}1'<>Ce3€i:;::*e p;"<:*sC;."§.b<-zé ;:13;§¥.:5Vt'";*3~E»- ,E'3»ff€:t"';.§.(}f} ':€3V{i }:"A21z2{"i (21) of the skit. {he q%.,:e;<si;.i0n ef {his V£fjg;z::";..._$:.'E;,fin§g~.£11: J'udgr:1e3:?r:. waster ihaé saiéci §_)0§i{t:j';; d.€:c§si011 215 fa Cé3§U.,:'§l .a;;.§'_";j1::;;.3;:r:<;:1 w:>a.:'£<.'; net; az"§$é;%. it 'Wi:*3.E=§ a><>:'11{>.11ds%{i '{§'1é':
Cifi',i}:};EiT;$:%.E3.Z'14Ci{'ffé% Wfiliétéz §)i"€:f'%"2%..i§;é:'{§ :51! 'EEK: 'é4§z":1€ <36? §..:»3,é§i:§g --<§é3<:?is;i<:2:£1. 3é;s*:i. {?§"§€?;§E§:§i:f{§ 2:: ':,£1s=:: iézmsr: =:>§" Ezsjgizzgig i%3%.,E§Z§E3§é'?{§§.Z:€i'§'"§'Q €§a%a;::'.:-:;i{>::;( 51%? 51326 «:":<>11€.<%§":i§£}:':s§ w§":§<:':1 3:33, :.1.1"g;<-rtd $3}? E;E";<§ <:*.m§3Z0:;e.rsa: in %:.}":é3. caréiw 3 IEO procedure prescribed under law taking into c<>nsidg§i::./3§£i0_V:1 aii the I'€1@VaE}§; faciars and Wanted to ;:*e~1;race £3116 from 'thfi earlier View and make the "t<3¢ pmhibii contract labour in staiui;:§§r§;IJ c:§a::ié¢:ig'f' ' found fault with. rH'1€Y€f0;ff€?_4\>g¢r€' {§.Q >"-1510?, cemmiiteé by the C:<:>*~.r'e:"1';1fi9is:>:a:j:i':» in secofifi Notification.
POINT No.3. jA;t:fr€)MAlfi.tf1ctV_
50. J{;d ge has declarézd {hat all persons u:.He§ é1frf~:.,;é§iI1_;;)}'oj,}é£1_as [con1;raC¥i labourers in statutery c::an.teeris would "E:if:ceir1¢""<.f:i%1e empleyees cf ihe principal empigyer Ejjgr '1'§§'1;'E»£i€ .Gf'fi1V€:~"N0"{ifiCa€i{)fI daied £1-4«-199?, as he 'sva,s5"'«:s€;t}';£11g asié'fe'v%:}:u:a"subsequent. N9tif§cé.:f.§0'n rescinéing the ' €_3;2"€_i€:"..§§'efifi¢a?;§0n, in tha fir:-'«:»i piace '£.-=2;-'5: do 31:22 ssfie anjg; prayer '£zi'€h'e ;i?"vf?fi_.'§..__'§?*§*{:£ii¢$E"E seeking such fa dezjtiaratiozz. Sficazzéiy, Em viéfii 0f__"é::r*"'§?.mdifig£~2 9:: P932: emd. 2, ihfi quaseiigri $1"
;:gr;az:ii§;:§;" gush c§s_%{£g::°z;*::%;§:1 =a:<}2;§.:'§ neé. ayiga 22$ sarééer "E 53 employer and w(>rl<:rnen, Gujarat. I:;'leei,rz'ci1'.y 's AIR SCR-="' 2.942}.
....... .. The comraeizor is an interniediaryj'fieIeu,:eeri''A . the woricmen and the prineipai en1pEt9j.,.er.bV"I7}1.eAV moment. the cronzlraczi lakpur s;;;s':=¢::¥>; _ A' prohibited. under Secimrt ?Ci{.I__ eiflbargc} V' Coniizrme as a c:0:2iracL 3{a}5{9;e;r is §:r.;.i' ax: arzzii direct rela(,ionsiu'p has; bgyrezsideii ._ieefu>eegr1 the umrkmerl and the 'prinei1}e£1'erf1pl»eys3r. Tfie'?'eI§y, the prmcipal employef Lfesponsible for iaicing {he ser;;:i':"e:;.e1'f?1_e V:;;sQfi{*h'ter1 h1'II1er.{o r regulaiied the' "cori'2'".%1c1:'*i.%9'2*v'.--------;'he object' Qf the «pen:-Llf!;rO1Ji§:§0!1S"-130,8 :'.ec5"'preiier1I. the prohibmon Qf
7._£:I'1.e--_ e:11,r§E'£3g;'c>.:"E:; C'L'>.{fi'f'?".liif breach of the provisions of If}.'ié§'.f'§.C'£i andV_p.i1z:' L525 :10 expEoa'i'a{ion 63)" me Eabczur _ _ ar1.d"§;0 'c£.e:ie--r }1;'r1'i"*j%"0n': ca.e1"':'.ng in violation Qf {he VCx07:?s:iZ':.£:.f(}:':=::E___§"§gf'z.{. Qf the u:0:'im'zen 1.0 his d.e{?en.E:
$:'g::ei.r;;{rd QfEg'fe§ Ewing, uzagee. z"z'gg§":.§:' fie ?zec1§Z,?'2.ei,::,E, _ 'E355; . }_"I'ia;s. we fmfii. :"'E'2.::::. :'}'2:)2,s:g?z :Z,?'ze:'e 'is :25} e§<:gfé':j:,%§§; V;2m:%2'sz'»:3:2 in me fie: fer :;:bsc3rpE.z'0;'z <3? {he ve:"e;2§:<§yees z.;::h:}s,;e: {::_:u"sé:r{:c:" §{E?§€3§.£§" s;g_;s{;e.m. s§,::::>::§, @;f;.§3e§§.:2:Z':::;.>{§ ;3z,:§:;>§f{:'s:z§:':e;3 §:f':.e m:§g°.f':'es2:.:'{2§': zsgzefer $eC§,:'e?:; §€}{E} ef" Elite ,:1'::?::, 2?": as §}§'{'}§}é??' eazse, fhe «:ff<;:.::*:' / %/ 154 as ser11'1'r1aI in {he €52.12' vim-e is required {.0 direc£"V:T.fie_ appropriaiie az.a.(hor"i.£y 10 act in acrcerdarzce 'i'..';3'I;.I:'f<"L"'{.,VC'{"af.}." :_. and submit a report to {he C{)ur'ff and bc1§;__(,»¥éi..VVz'.11e%;}e3.r>:'2 proper relieffshould be granI.<,f{i'.'"' '-
59- ........ .. I: has (:0 be kepf: :'n1I;-i§3Lv i',i1{:;_£j< ACé;'i11'rczV.c'=l"
labour sysienl. in an éS:.:;%i?3.lisf1:§ier1§:' z's £:e t,f'i§}ariiZ,é system. In beiween co%ii'r:;;1'::£..x 11.:«:)z"?~':'e:*:s 'arm? the principai ernpioyéiz' tzhéli:;i§eL:*i3_iefZiafy c(;1ifr'ciE!; and because Qf {ms " iVr;_i:er'f::.¢2f;;izf:;c:r;_;Q":A:'fT;.5§ :5-;fmplc>y(3r is t,TeaIled. prisLiCipC.i Z" ';:i;'iI';i".a various s(;a{.1ziT0£5'_:U '}L;,¥'9jZ?'1s3'<€?i::é:--:'«<3r'i:_;" "_f7%a:n1 I:'he-2 Act. in conrV§'<§cf?z::'>"n_V. Vqf" the working .<.?<>nc?.i(}iO:1s A'qfi_ Ihe'--._c*on1'r'ac.§.* labourers who are V':;_br'o3,.aghI:V _Vat'¥7t.§§Vi:ii;<?_r:m§di.arg cor:£4rac:.or on the _p'r':fnCipaI's.Vgés~ia£'>Zi3§f;}*:;«Qi"zI;for {he E:}e12,<.jfézi atzndfcur the _ pz14rpC:se"QfV£?1eApri2zéipa1 empir:>z_.;er* and mite do his azéoriz art EH59 es{.g2.bZzsF'1mez"z: ifzraazgh zhe angrgg (sf {he 2:':§':2§.;*C;<j!.ar, W'?l€?'E these C<mE:'mcz.': warkers carry Gui':
« :.z§:.2§j§:*_.Qf" {fie f}?'i.f1{fi§}Ci§ u;§2:'::r?:. is Q!' Ca ps2n»:>rm.:'a£ ;"£.{}i§'E:'€;§f(»fA§):??iE3§ if g3r"c>:2is:i0;zs o;{"Se<:iz'0n IQ gees', a£.€:mCi'.€:"E ::::'2{% sszzsfz c<§:'a{.m::;:?. E:::b<2:,:r sg.;sia~*rm in {fie ;:2:§ia%;é'.i3?irz:.en:' g;i'j€;'.§.§5 £§.§3:'}E§.S§'2§;%{f 9:': '_;%:§f%'£;":'t:,r:,z'2§: Q5' zzfw »:?{>§'z{§):'.:'.z'.{3::.:; §"é;?{§£.»:§:§Z,'€e:' &§3<:w§" §..T"z¢.> §32é§'§}€.}E§€'_-?, is 5:; <;l?.:>2::"<}::,:'§ £,§:(;.a me z'rz:e:'r?fas2;<%€5;:r;; e:::r,>?2§:'ra<?f" :.?{zz'E€.&'§F":e:=: czmé. aizmgs / /' 155 with him Lzarlishes the term 'principal er7e1_pl<)yel9";*.T Unless {here is ca CO7If7'C£€3{OI' agent {here principal. Once the eer1:'rae1':or ir1t.err71ediar;.g-jzoelé '7' lerm. 'principal' also goes wiIE'l1 ii' Tiler; ~!'.£_'lV.?'j:1'{i:.£:Tl.;'§-V.:lf)i,if. of {his Iriparifie eom'.racI;uoil seenafio {€)I'LVl'l;'.'?'ZL;'{}"V parz.:'es the beneficiaries; qf_._;:'f1.e__ 'C;}(30lfl.i()_fl ..Q,i'_ ersl.wl"u'le contract l-1:ldc>_l_l.rs ';~:__L;e:em worlcmen on the one l"£(1IlEiH§.l}Ec'i l"!'"l.(3l:'1*11,l)VVl'{}"3vj:€f!'!:(;3:?1 the other who is l"£C)vl€}.f.1VQ'E3I' l;§'ieiz* pal e;f:;}lGy"er but necessarily. beceirzes. for these erslwlzile _Conf;rae1l...lelb;:u1ffefi3. 'll? urged lllai.
S€Ct.:iOr1§.V for such a cor1lyZ:'1g;;:%r2e:L;V.v-if; ex. II; is Obvious that'. no :#SLlC'Hl'l"é3.X:lC}I'€S§:Vf)F()'iJ'ES'lOIl L(?'Cv{,VSHl"£3C_}l.liI"(-3613 {G be made as iihe' very VC.o:'r':(;epr.;' l'q,1"'_%CalP)_<)l1"1l:'i{>7'1 Qf a conlracl: labour systerré LL:l:erei§1 work of the eonzracl: labour is Q?" perenrifall flCz,t:.£re far {he es;i.c:zblishn'zem. cmcl jyhiefz o1l'2.er"w%:;e zeozzki imve 3396?? done by regular .,;e'erEc;3€e.r;t, weuld posii €mproveme:"2;§. of irlze Z5): 53;"
"e;<§"a~.:e_§2 i;ae%*lcz:*:ez': Cmel neat" 5.5.3 we:"sem".ng. Empéieil in ::§t:.e _§if{3l:2§s€ez'z <35" Secfizien ii? is {he le3;::'s;l{;:iz'::e Eirzéenli .. éfzgtzl on ::z§'2e§z'z'.:'<)n. (.3? ee:'::.m.ez' £{:.§isez,:r sggelem, E3516 e§*$§::.%f"e'§e :f.'{}¥'E§"Z"{?:{?§ri.lf?{}?'§{§"?'EE§E. ii'-*€}E駀§ bes:*eme siireati. e:?2§*}l.{2geee Qf me {f'??'Z;'}§{}:éj¢Z??' on §.§2.e :.e§e2.e5;e eséaielésfmzem. éhegg were earlier :e{:2r§<i:2:;; azzd were 3 %.,_,/"'
3. 5?
OTHERS Vs. NATIONAL UNION WATER FRONT ._ AN!) OTHERS reparieé in 2001 {7} SCC 1 expregséjg V' the said Judgment prospectively, ._
53. In Submparas 3, 4, 5 and 6 of'p:;"1 rJa--125'i.¥.A_ i'$"i*;¥;a1ci'3*a«.,§< unciert -
"3. Neither Sectiafz 'Of;- t'11{_f€ 3 Labour {Regukxtion and Ab0l;:ji;§T'n§VV other provisian z'n_.. Act; or by necessary ;pr_ov£d§§vv form" auI1'o:naI:ic absorp::'i0n., 5;Vcohtr*aCi"vvVL_'iabi:§ur on issuing a j'€ou'jicafi.r§n 'agfipréipriaféiibuemment under sub Sr.;ct'£r;$n'f SéCf.i§§n__ proI1ibiting employment of conigraxsf Ec£b9z,fi',. in i',:»ny process, operation or other .~:vQr§c:' V:r1 ar1_:,} eSta§§Eishmen.é'. Ccnsequemlg. the prfinciipai é'mp§&ger Cannaz be required :0 arder €§E3SOE'Q'§fQ{i of the canirafif Eabsur working; in the & C0%i€g>r;*?éd'QSEQESESEIHIQRE.
.. V We 9:,'-emzie €?:€judg:"r:€rzi' 0}' {ms Cam': :2': AIR " 4_ Eréaiiaé €9.33 fsugsrafi prasyeeiiveigg arflfi siezcégre ihafj wag ééireczian isgzzzsé by any ffifizifiiififlf adjud€.€aZ02m/any Cami: inciugiing High Cezzrii, jbf ;.
158 absorpiion of ceniract Zabaur jbllowing judgment in Air Indicfs ease {supra}, :_.
good and zihai the same shall rzat altered or medgfied on the bqsié 'oj«'jL;;i#g frv2eni§: iri? cases where such a direc£i0ri":ij1c1:;§'been1g_i1}e:f§' W to and it has becemefirgal
5. Or: issuance of 13-rc:>f:z7i'£;iVi:z§i::17:f; noiijiegiyiion £J.§1d8T Section 10(1) V '. mg , "~Ac: pfofivibiiing employmeni Q3" c0fzfVr.;CaCi' Eai§>c3'ur_.&:dI~'e in an industrial _ '(',{T:f.§}:JLLf'€';' Vb'2'V"(')':,:a".L€fl'ivI';:' b§§fQ2"e I emy c<:m'é'rax:I' labotuff V. CQjfiedf:it§ri5"""Of service, {he indtistricéi'_cityLI.diézitc1f"wzil have to consider the :'qLzeS'iiazji _ u,%';:j~;e:ez:1e,=»,r._" {he w"cor1.i:raetor has been Viniérpoeed .}:3i£i1ef'e'e.__ héhe ground of having uneferiakefz i5:: prf5d.Ltce any given, result for the * -ve$taI94luL€~E1'Ifze:i:' 0}" fix? suppiy ef c0r:tra;:£' iabour for 3_,§._2Q3"5€ Qf £'?ze'es--é-abifshrzzezzii Lander a. genuine eorztraei; .er«.i5«.;;"":::ere ruse camaufiage zie evade eompiéerzce "<;;f';2gréeij':2:é; berfaeficiai EegisEa;fé':z'.en3 33 as is depzive zfte §,a>e:'§<:ers ef She benejié f?"i€?"€!;iI2,d€§"'. 5;" {he .. Ceffiraeii is fozmd 5:; See net geymifie Em: a mere eiaezetgfiages fiize ;$'{}~{faiE£3{1?. ee?':§,;raJe§ Eabezgr aeiéi Eieve 51:: be sreaieeei me empieggees eff {Fae §.m:';z::ipa§. empéogei" whe shaii be ezifreeiecé 5:0 reguéafise ihe 159 services of the contract. Zabew" in the concezrrzecie estabiishment subject' :0 the r.::andi.tior:,s ;. ' specified by itfar that purpose in the Zigf;:"£:jpc:%fa hereunder. ~
6. If the Contract $;f::'_>und '€Q E:re geVr1i£é;?e prahibiéion rzeizficaiion Llifieiéf Seeileri '1.0f{_:Z) ":h¢~ CLRA Act in respect of €hee..eeizce'med eéiahlisffnienir has been issued _f:he c;p;L§r'epriez'£e_b Government, prohibiting employnlefgt éfw'r§ern.~:?:f§i:E9.:'V_'Er::Ifioz,:r in any process," 4.:§)_p.erar;§eVfi':b "c{§i;er V" iufxrk Qf any ~{1':Ii(;i:'-1v.Li}§'7,.'(»;'1"é:";. i?"f;"m 'SuC}'l process, oper€a§ior:__ Q_r of establishment the to empioy regular €;L?DTfCfT1€fl: to the erstwhiie corttrqcei' l::a}EE)'r)z.:{::, if Vc)fE1ez'u:z1s*e found suiiabie and, Q' ':?eces.§a,r;;.' " by reiaxing the corzdiiian as {'0 maximum H apprapriaéeig éakéng inie <?'Qf;3is:f;ef<1_:ier2 the age Qf {he workers at {he time cf €'E;e':,*,,_érraz;§ia;E empisgmené by {he eeniracéer and 0:550 ..(;i'E'*z;_-8:" Ehan ieehnicai qua§§fa'ea:€.0r:s, re£azif:§ {he earzditieza as in academia q;£ai§f€ea:rier2s
53. Thfi C0nsti¥;.'L1t:;<)'n Bench has Siaied ihe Judgmerfl is only §31'0Sp€'C"£i"&----"€. '1The}; havér not 1&~fi..;gn§fb:§d§% ..§i'} doubt. They have expressiy stated what. is aiiid L wh3a€ is' not saved. E~~I<)w€:\.--*e'r, regarding' thé''§)Osi.ti:01?. ::2f._fij0i1t1"é:.Ct '' labourers working in statutory c:2u":iéé:n.s 3.1fi1 c_E_ fl'1e'* stja.{'ut0';§,r liabiliiy to maintain the cant.e€;n'V"=big2* the'--;3fi11<:§pai"aecfiiployer 1:: the esiablishrxzerit is vf?"<1%{V1(T€I"ifE€3'i§,"§l'3fE 'Apex Cij'z;:.1*t"'ir1 the said judgment at paragraphé 2:}. held as under : ~ E V the question was ,;uiie:;h%:.r--'i{.hé eqvgagedjbr worldng 'At§£',(»§'.'._Ef'C?t<'~V.:';'i«V("LLIT!'.v:'}j§k_if}'*€3 _'CooperaI.1've socieiryfor the cippéildm ...:,§:-ere the empieyees of the ap;u)'e«?_1aCirz.!; fis_1:lA£;f;." The respondenis inflated "prOC€€dik1g_$VV Lifldef Seeiiarz 1?? of {he Barnbagg «. 3-fi.é:?.uS:i;"z'aZ Ré;$:H€'l"§:Ii%3?1S Acz; iQ46f&r paymerzzi qfDA in _ file award 9}' {he Ezzdzgsifiaé CQIETEI, The :é:pgé?€f\--?.ia2§.ffscarziesfged. {he ciaim an {fie gmmzd zhaz; iiiaé réép0nd.enEs were empéoggees 53;" {he (?OOp€?f"filI§i}€ "5:HQ3%3:4:'e:L§L; and 23:35: Q5' the azppeéfianzg A §'E£?{3=«j£.idg8 ;¥E3er:.{?§2 532:5; {f0;:,:r§. 5:.;3g}:*{;€2:7§:.£?{E E15255 =:ga14€$§§:}:'2;_;'%"0rs% size pain!" 53;" z?z'€:.:: 53,5" szaéaémzjsg iizzbiziiy 53;" {"319 gvl/_/=,...-4 ' E61 appellant to run the ecmizeerz in z'.I*ze*j'E1ci0r1.; an'; hauirlg cronsirued the language employed d.ej'inii.ior2s Qf "employee" and "ezr1ployer"_';'i%1"':é:g.b.{ " ;_. sections (13) and (14). respectively, oj'See£'iQr1 fhe Act, and the de]1'mt'ia:'2 qf .'?'w:;;rlcer"5_con£rii*nedinf, Section 26;? Qf the Factories Act argde f";VCll}'f¥'ig"?'£%fi'i"%'lZ%if..' ' 1:0 Basil Sugar Mill Case held. i'.'1al=eL:er1.1.i.*l?e;lg;!i iii; pursuance Qfa siaiz,ttory'l€giE2--flity Ilhe .cl{;.pe'E_{a}'i'vf: 25213 to run the canteexjz. in l.I1eJ}':?1;Vc:fI.'<:}('§,r';«»_.iI 1.ua$'m_n. the Coopermive socie£;;.§:é'~ szgeh "£l'_1e_ markers in the canteen {the respor1der1L'3}' l.L2f)tll--ci.Vl9é.:iPf;£§:. employees Qf {he ag::;§'ell_aI1{;._" VT'f1e ._fr:1'll;~:.~= in Class {iii} rnentzioried 7
--_ ' IVL5}. In G; ,lli';<ee'--;.I:l.dge Bemth. decision Qf {his C::iz,:r:" in I?iu_.Ss':ii.1*1lb'i'1af'ease {he petitioner Ll>l'zo was _:?1aI1z§,}'L':e€1a.r§;'i;;: i'=.:2peé: er2.fz'usi:e52l the merit {(3 {he cj<>5%1z"z"eze£.<3I'e*' ..:;2§f:.e engaged {heir 025:2. z,l,?c::"I<fers. §»ViAz.e*r:,A"«.;c;jlE,er some ijimel the z,ec:2:"f«:er'3 were me: ;?§é§;_ags%;§,V.i§?1e;; rgziseci an :°:2£.it.£.e'~;E':'rz'a§. efispzzze zlizaé éfzegg' :.i._.,fe%e ciemfed ezmploggzneszé. €331 refereizee Q? ihez. af.'isp$.l§'e 52;; Else Siege {}<2:>eme2e:e::L meg; s::.£eeeeeie{"€ E52": <3§}:'a€r2€z':;;z er: {é€.§,.?€§.?"€§ {:§;e:°.r:s;I. Elie ;,2e£':'2,f:'.s'.e::a:3e:* :.::§"ze zese:,s<?<:?eee_;"%;.zl§;/g :::§'z.es§Ee::g:;e{§ Else :;{:.:'?:s;% in éfzzgr» §~§§._e:;§% {Iaz,:3°E. 5:52:13 Sher; in {he S:,sp:"eme C'e:.:rz3; Q5': §/ .....
I82 eXarI'11'm'ng uarizms fc1:7i'<3z's and applying q[}'écI"i1:-e rsiomlral test'. {his C€)uI'1:' held (hat,§f?i(fiz:zg{'E;._ ;. {there was no ciimci relaI.iorzshi;';a bei"_:,;:€3é?n' jfize p€ifI,{C3f1€'f and the resgygarzdem'y'é£"otz E§f£'ir't{,: £731-<--'%_r.:r3z'l--f2 and looking at", the cv:mspecti'a.zé;':.Qfjjtzeioré.g:>:J_érr1i:'af;'---.¢ employment. the naked' I',4_I'1£f'.'h. 'IfI(!}";£(;'h ;:€':*c;;pg}d id a',;'[/'ereni: pez_'j'ecz'. paper aé*:={§f3zgeI1'zer1i'; L}.§€£,S .=f}?VC'.:I. Hz':'V1"1<--2 real erzrzployer 1195.23 £"'3'"zf;>--------- ¥:?.i§C31'1'Ci'¢§{A{£I?'I£'I1"Ii'.' ~~.I.1().ff§ I"}1.e z'mmedi.at'e cor1I':fac.:{t}r,A ".Sp{;a{.ci:'2g gibzj {Re Court'. Justice Kr1'.3I'ma £'hiz::.$ :' pp. 259 & 260, pa{C:$:.,:3"_tLI1d:;A7}.§ VA H 'V I 'f1C:l:j:}1.idCZ€I'1 in jéaid.
""" . '*~iegal"';v,'%3--rfi1 d(3p€1'Edi.?'1g cm the 'AQfbt?:9.fit?e2_aimeI"ai' maecfed. the type Of 4' £;'1{I.i,.:'$if§€;A'-- 'E.%E'.€f«.."&E"('}'x}g','{.11: <:<md.fI,z'ons2 and 523162 like ?TE¢£;j. r§;>_s<52é e«:I. {:0 whzgrl labour Zegisiaziorl. c?a»s"£';-.4; .VV__;;_,?«e3;j?:,'g.:'e3 0F3£igai'i(3ns.: an :,%1€ I'{i'(:',.f A£'-3f§'1_{f}ZO§;€F, base-til on fim,i.cié:s 38$ 39, 42, 43 ' %:T:;fiZ..~Lf£:35»A Qf' {he C{}?'::§€.iEi£I.i.€}r'2._ 5§'§"2.e Ciermrs. may 'Z. 5535,2225: {:3 r:z.z.:5.>§.{z7 :.?':.g> ?'1'1fS{}?f'Ei{,ff anci {é{f?3§€?E;fi{;' fiijfze g§u.:*p{2$«:2 {ff §.i'2.e2 §{$iiE,.' ::z,:'2{£. 7353: 53:? misfectzi 52;; i?§'2s3 32:13; {"21 »:;§§" §€>§;{Ti§ a§,2;'3::}<.'zz"s:;:rz.<:s;>§y (__w3€3:5"""
1. 83 Of ceurse, if there is tom} dfSSG€§{?,fifif:i in fitci between the disownfng A' and {he aggrieved woricmenf the ezI%§ii0gm,?gf§?:'A T M is, in substance and another. The mafla_é«:§3WI€-Hi}S? .' Comneciians cannot 7._n:pen i:IT1';OT " "reVc',.{i "
employmerzt. V h __ _ V VV 2 This casefaiis in Class [ii)_L:h2¢jr:£iQned"a§;3£;>::}e. " %
54. Relying dr§.._._.'§he {made in these two paragraphs it was cQ:1t e:1Vcie'<v:i ._«s:§*0rkm<~3n that the Constituiion cases COVEii'€d under par3.g1jap1:1._ labour can be treated as contract w0rk1né:1V_ Lckfé the._ they have deciared that izhejj » g<;fcaI1{'f1V V.,é,utom;fii§.c8:iiy abserbed in the establishment pfo%:iii3i§fi;'ing..:he ci§'iii':;8;c%; labour. Therefore, afi sf Ehem have emfieysss sf the pzéncipai empkayer fiQ§éa?iih,3§$;'%;;&.§ng 8:26 {am after Such Eegai afffiiéi; the Sam Féaiifistzagéiazi Ea w1'€.hd:"aWn, §§/,,/""
184
55. Per cantata, it was corztended on beha(1:'f.._5'f_ the amployer ithai; the quesiians whkth arose f{.)I":-.C{J"I'1VVf3v:3;:Ci€3§'ét'£'1'£§'T1 before the Constitutierz Bench are &;.$5A L'1_I'1§€1":' --H ' a} Whether the cencept é1's,;{omati_::j abs0fpiiOh %3f coI1t.1'aCi. labour estétbéifisgzhiiiefif Gf the principai 5}'T3'}p1€3'y"€'f"';_)¥:;E:i; iu$s1.1ance'Vio:f {E16 abolition Notifi.c::ai;ior1¥' 10 of the CLRA Acfik
b) 2: contract Eabour """ H .A gihe work enirusied to him by 4' the' the 1'e1aU0:1ship of master ' ;cl£'%£VI.1:VVS€L,'}k"'i«'8?.::i7"1'L'%€3E.\V€€'I} him iihe ;>rin.Cipa§ €rmp1o}»'er} étgnfi the CO1'1?;.E"E1{,';§; Eaboua emerges '?
V ' .T};3:.é:'e§b2"€* the {§E.E€'S'[§{}*§': w§":6:E'.}?:€;° iiihe C0:1i.;z*'a<.":'E: §;ab3u;.r :%.1f;1_;>E{:~§;é':~d ii': sie:§u.§Q3°j_,.-* :ta::i',een:"-3: 8;iI§',E3§'§"1é}3;.i{3€1i§:§' 5,_,z;;e1;.s,-*3: .ab:5{>':"bec§ in " H sé';::':.Ej:. <:S%::abEi$%;:n<:':":'€: by '§SS?;EE1:"E{.'§3 sf ab{;E§E§<;'n Z'€:}?;ifi<?a.i.§<>:3 zzzééaz"
Eéaézfiiazz ESQ} ef ':ha:3- C<sr1i.rae%: Lazbiztzr 1:/%:€g::}a:°isa§,ian Aei z 165 prohibiting the contract iabour in the estabiishment was "met formulated and deciéed in the said case' V 5?. Therefore, the questicfigs Consideration amp ' % V " V (3) Whether the J:,:c:igr:1%%:::T1:'A.V'g::::t' the Bench applies to woxking in a statutcfgfy C3.IA3"£€:§::1'_1'-.V 46 01' the Facifbffiiég.-"Act is aépf5&Iicé£b1é*?' V' {F3} J1" I'i":§.ft_,"x?i2':E1';fc_1t_£x:x?c:§ his fighf;sf5 58,' In 0rVcV:ier5"t'0 »--:1fi:f:3wer this; question it is necessary to see gage' <_u,TudgrricA2i£_féSV'wh§;=:§: have direzzfiy fieali with these issues.
' Bench 05 the Laban}: Appéflaie Tribunai of Hidiiéfin :he§Ti¢g.§§e Sf rag AH£i£EB£§B.&3 Agwyfiagrvfiizga Afiffi mLie:§" Aimxxrxwe mamaw Lmmga Arm $'2"'.§$RS vs "..j~.'z*§;:5z:z;.;q gzgag if L33; 54:22: ma {baa %A%%:%3r$ 53.: an « ezfiactment a canteen is cfinsiéered mzcesgary far 9. mfii, the E86 estabiishmfim cf smash 3. izazzieen must", be rega.rd§.§i':é::u§§:. in the caurse of 9:' far the purpase oi'cenduciiI1g--'i:1f:i€ Within tha meaning sf Section 3[Ezi§».,:{e} sf Athé: j "
Relations Act. Hence, the xvGrkme:i?¢Vefifip'ii§yéti-- though run by an independefifgi?:Qp.trfiC:=:;f of thé' mm
59. Similarly' 'fi~:buna1_ of India in the Case of ANI) WEAVING MILLS S.M.SABL1§I AND 9 011'-m§ z LLJ 7521 has held that the establfihzxxézzt in a texiiis mil} has been sta.i1..;1:z:>'r'§E§ imgaosed as" Eegisiatix-'8 recognition 0? an emargency '"=i:_@ V'pr9*.?§€1:%: V2:A:1 si1j; avaiiabie feaflgmin "€20 werkmen. 'What was éfiaé [2;E1'V"é3:I:'1<*1'=?é3§?~:C ha-3 aimesf bsceme Gammon Ease wziih the . _ _ 5., y P <::9T::3{:§nu&§_ _2fié::{teSsit}* ei' suppiying grain {is aha w'csr}<:me'n fmm ihess gggiznshsgg and 3 gramahop mdajg has fieiécamé a regular ;?:~,:aJ;::';re 5? a ';£:>«:EéEs miié 'E31: $.35 in %:§fec§ 22$ §"§"}.:i€i§'E 22 par: 9? figs vgfazrig GE' the zmdertaiiirzgg' as {he §'m"§:ha$:3 33}: ms mifi far 22/" % E67 internal dis€;ributi<m of the var1'0L1s items which go '{OW?3._.1'(:f§3 'ihe mlzzning of the mill, Iike stares, water«~s'upp1y, A21 ihese weulci become erdinariiy part of ihe:
the meaning of Section 3., S1:1bvC]»;~ E._4{e} ?7"m-- f a required by 3. statute to do SC)H1€i§"l%:I§§;.
part of the unde;riaki'11g"" fer ¥;.'i*;§: Vn1a_§?' not deckine to give e£'§'e§t: 10 tI%1eV___g<?;:vVr'}a3:.«:§i:":r}ient.:. as that er1aCi.me:1E: lasts 1'1 bec§)i'n..é§'s _pé:;_rf; so. m, :;_:n;§' Qasé of THE SARASPUR MIL §QMI.'fE!.?_ vs; RAMANLAL CHIMANLAL AND OTHERS zfeiying on these judgrnems heid éhat, 'an e1n§330y€:<3 'engaged in 2:1 W<3:"}g er <3pe:r':3,t§.0I1 whizth was i:1éi':§é1fi'22TE3% ACO{1}'.1€'(3'£.€d wréih me Ifléliil i11CEs.3s{r§;' 'W218 21 woz'kmar1 if.Q€;§éé:1f_ks:q1.:ij:~ii:§a€z2%s of Ehfiff st2:'Eu£.e 'ii-'€§'€ -s§8;i';isiE€%d zmé ifizit the ii: 15.§'3a_i, ::555':€§j'..i:?%::*:=% 'i.'i;'{3§"k€.'?§"E*§. U}fi€§€'§' that F';-m'i'.:?;:*"is:%s_-3 Fiéié. ii. W225; élizzi aim}; {>§' _: §*;s Zi}1%§§€:'f§§é.1'§"N.' Ea ram am: m22imia;'::";. aha? gr:2mE.ee':a fez' Eézsé _:.:..:%;~:% E2? iiiss iEf'§}'E§§1€3:y*€;f€E:?. '§'§§::?:"€rfm*€;_ "ifne r;»:%:§€§ {sf %;.h:;é §;<%<':i.:5:£5z1 in V' A mmsagm 3m.as:zIFAcrz;R1NQ mfg; CAQQQ ?R£;'§'°3"§,§'\é'G 1638 COMPANY LIMITEDE Casi: wouza be .fuI1:J app};-.cab1e in"
the same prcsvisierzs 01" the Act were ccnsidered.
61. In the case of V.S.T. 1NDUSTR;:_Es§ LT1)_§' LABOUR UNION reported in 2001T[uI}..LLI A470 a_t.i*:'°is ob$€r\/'ed as under: ~ In the present _. recorded by the {earned s_£fig_le e}cd:fmf._n:.i'£ic;nVV'VQf' the feasts avaiiable is4_V:F3:at within the premises {.0vz'¥1e §.f;éar 1982 and ii: is 0r'tiy'Tv_--f;:§§1j1 "--:::J 1*LuarCES""'f?ie rnanagemem': of the cfu1£{eenV?i&ii:s'}':té5en é:1f%'usic3d to a private contractor; that evéfl 4'=5L.f:§3f$$ the contractor, the Canteen L{;ork«é'.%::= fiau§§;.céi'z£ifz'Lied {'0 be {he same irrespective? of r:ifzanQ<'2""ir;___{.}1e COI'l§.iI'aC{.02"S from £;irne--£.aw:ziz':'ze: {hat were paid :10 {he wozfiicmen in Eihe Canieerz by {he T:'?".{¢;r1 "*:.rV:%V'§T;'-'f:§:,'>_'.>vzzT, zhrazigfz {he scorziracéar: that" the appeiéaniz " 'V«§za$.' gi:i:ra§:i(Ee& {he &CCG??E.f?E{3dQ§i€€}fL j';m'z£.':'u.:"e._ fzgkz {3E£§§fi:'%£:§§:;g, u£'i{a:"a3€§.s,~§. @E":z::; éflafg éffaés maizageamenz €§i'&§;'"C§S€'S :w:2:faé:mi aver {he :;E5mafa,:'2:§, in <g::.a§i{T§.;, ;gu&n'€:'i;; j?;a,nd Sgfzz? §"{£5i8 sf z;%z.é;=jé:><;e:2' ?:i€??E""§;'€ sazgcspiieé 3:; Szfisss wa2*"§é:z?ze'32: figs' whose §s2m,jf'z'Z {E16 ciarmeerz is es£:;:b§:'s?2.e&. 'ffm.s[, 1'72 experience and factual crarufeacis before arriving the saiution. It has been contended ;. é financial érrzpiicatians would be rather f§::§c}::VA_e'i5%.> % heczvy on the University tQ.<be~--.bome ' unless State assistance is mzide c:2.uez:;§,lcz.§:2I.e , ' <1 weil neigh impossibility to r7'1ee'ir' {he 1:;:.L%?::ler1, 1 we are, however, unabie V :e.jreeordV. our .cqn_.c;:;a}érzcé' thereto. Pragmatism necess_aI'i;f; be deprivation of the4_.iegiti.r:1a§fe t{g.ézri;s«_qf the weaker seetiorls of the society.' Lf we may say with ériespectf'ie"i'0ée;ZZgj does not warrarfi. fuzfher Eiiscuséiori thereon.
53. in the Case of UNION or INDIA VS. M.A$LAM reperted in AIR 2001 so 526 hekdes u:1€'1uér:_¥ A h.
; . ..{f'A '3-he «Canteen Szeres Deperimerti farms _ --£ih,e Mirzzfszry ztgf Defence and if Eiheir jirrzds Qf' {he Cerzsaiidaéed Fund Cff Eadie and §§f_v'£;s,E~E*ze Saioi Canteen Sieres Beparimenf which ";3:féz::des fund as weii as c€§{jf'erenE' arffcée ihrougra A {Ere reiaii 0£.é§"§€§'.S Q33" §L?n.:.iwE{':,zr: CQ?"£€€§'§$ 5559?: Erie A empieyees wee Ciiecrzarge {he &::€§€S efeaiesmen Er: V l i':e..l V the eenel' 1373 such retail outlets must" be held to be under the Government, The officers of thelfiefeeee --'-' V Services have all pervasive central o1ger._Ai'?=ae Run. Canteens as well as i§zeAA"en"zpleyee.s _eew:'Vrzg-i? therein. Regular set. of Rules if determining the semieeeeetldilioéfisvh cf the in Un1'l~Run Canteens. 'find£n;e;'* lee provided by Camieen Sleees. Beparlrlnen.i ..Qhieh itself is a. part' ofVtf*se"MAirlisfi:j§;vefI§efe'nee. The report ef a Committee of went into cleiail :h.e-:A':Le0rkiifzg 'of ijlhve empleyees engagealv 4' ._Unii--Qun lliarlleens and eateeezflclzilly .. eerlelusion that these i'ee%*:lited, eefilrolled and supervised by llilgg R¥llee:'V'aJ:id Regifiletfons made by the Defence Services alihei;ggr;-- these have been given the name , -- Qf Exeew;;ieeVflzsif'ueliens. fhe said Committee came 'e--:1er: filial fer all {elem and purpeees ?:lfze«, egfipleyees in the Um'l>Ru,zr2, Canteens are {'3§tL*::'f»l"}"é,3'l.?l'f££3i'?.,l emplegees and should ee lreaieef as 3;;,el'z:." fr: {he egferesaid premises; we are ef Elle ..eee,ei§ered eplnéen she: the slams ef llze empleyees " r 4_ §.%:€?2e E}r:;'1e§;:.:: Cemeeene mz,ie€:' be Ezele le be Shel; ej ea i:}$§€3".?"'£f?"%B§'Ei errgelegee and eeeeeezgerelgg fee Central .z%ém;ir:z1e{'re;eZee 'fr{bLmel Leeald have {he 174 jurz'sdicf'z'on ta e-2r1zerI.:az'.rz applications by «S"L'Lé?1".~ employees u.nd.er the provisions Qj' AdzIiizz;§fra1.i'u.<:: ' i.- 'I'rzbuna{s Act. .... ,.
....we have come {'0 t'he;">' coriciusiorz -:aZ:>c;¥u;:_ :1f1Vé"
status Qf the ernpioyees 1711."_:}f'1£v{j<RL}i"f§"'. CCtI'1i'e€I1S 1.0 be that Qf :G«Q_verr1m€ariz'. senj'c'ir5:,;:;:3... _HbV11_:3:
that. by izseif ipsojtzmo 'iizfiiizid n0I €..I1'ifi'I.T£é: ifftzjrn {'0 gm. ail the seruic+3._be:1efz'i'.s*.2:3 ui;<;u ::1vai£«<:.ii)ie5* the regular Gaverr1IIzéf:i ' ::ser"a{::zI3':2,£'. =.fhei:* ::oz.znte2rw parts serzgirzg i.nAA...!.fi.€'--.. ('f5éiIzié:é;z--:;'§ Ii: would r1ecessq.r£{g./_. jdep<:2__r1d§ V_.__{:z:;f1I'1::*s3 Qf duty disc}1a'z'§ic3pi£A:--bg,}--' i.5he>.:7_:1__ u3eiI_ag3_ on the Ru£es and Ré§fiz'iaj"f{}z1s "5: Ad:ffi'i;2Visira:iv<3 Insz'rucz"ior1s issued by 'r.:j;e..;am_a':o;;é:~ have come across a set Qf <.::Ld+n1inVz'$-zr7CzIj:i?.:::a.:risI:mcI.i4:>ns issued. by file
-conz;3ele:1z:" ~ 7au':'.?z0z:z"£.;; g0v<«;>mz'ng {he S€?"UiC€ :1:-:'_3,r2c;*f2:T_E"z2:m:a: {g;'7----~f'<h<3 empioggees Qf' gush Eirzii Ram. {j::z.m;<:%{éf'zs_. En {his L?§.£'iL' Qfz.}1e maigiger, £:'f1z;> <€.z',re€E'i0n g_;f':'i'F:xé: '..?fr"{Ij%:maE ma: {.318 empioggees af 5.319 Um°§:'~§€zsz2 C(.':1?.1§If€§'.{%s s§'2.:2:.:.§z:.§ E26 givezn aii §:'i2s2 %}s3m;{féi§,.$ §.2:<:£z.:d:'r2g;:
..i.?:e? :*:2:'r°2z'a.Z Egerzégjiés Q5" :":;>gz.:§<1:' Gaz.2em;:rEez"z.:. $e:>:*:;a§1z,s {%%i:r2;?'w§T 5'36 S§E.£.$§i"£ff"§€f{§ 322.5%. mg {E{?{?{§?"{§§?'iQ§§;1 :-99:' (zgigie 5 §"E2.€:.f. @723': 55;' {Ease s:"§.:'.z's;%:;?:.':'::'m. ii,»-'2}. .:-§"z<;:::e::*::'9s,»=z*. E36553 ifiazt {$2.638 sfmpizégfiies Q5" E15252 ifzéiz-Siam Ca:iz.i.@@:':..§ 2&5: 175
draw at the minimum cgf the regular' eeaie Qf' available to their <:oz,znter~paris in the (35331 ;. A' further direct the Minwuy of Defence,__ India to determine the service' ' employees in the Uniiflun date, preferably withineizg rr:erfi%L.§'fr0m the this jucigmemi. This appeafia» accerdihgviy:":dfe;eeeeci of with the aforesaid direcf.iei':..ar:d ObS€}'U€LfiO}?.;§
64. The Apex ix; of India's ease (supra) after g0i:;g"'&fe§*eeaid decisions, at para 1.06 has if . " u 06,- haf}e'ege:::e'é.h:"e:,-igh ihe deeisfans of this cam-in x2*s:f'i:5;.;:;:s-:;}%e:v">sase ; 2001 (2; sec 298;, _G¢B,':%2:m:'vzInz;;:e%s§z~g~.-ease [2000 (7; see me; and iimszané' (290; 5:; see me]. AZE ef {hem . :~é:}a::(§' ir;._s€a€u%er'y iiabiliig :0 mcainiain, the eanéeen H -- prineipafi empieger in {he V'bfcéeiefggsffee€abE:;§hmez/25:. Yhai' is why in ff?EGS€ ceL:.<;e.S,"'V'es ifs: fieraspazz' Ii/fiiis ease Q?«r§ {:3} SCC éfze fififiiflfiii Eabeaér aeerieirzg {:1 me eamieer:
H were freazed as werkers Q? She princépai
1. 75 eznployer. "l"'l1<-339 Cases sz':a.nd on a d§}ffereni__.
footing and it is nof, possible to d.educefrcm2 l.l".{.(;?gvtrv't'-_ll._ the broad principle qf law Ifhai. on the labour system being abolishasd under S1A£l:?~%';:§i('3C{i£?:VTV'IV' 3 ll} Qf Sectiorz IO Qf the Cl.lI:fiZ>¥"V AC1': z4l"lé"'C.§fi_ffli{?i labour w-<)rking in the esli;abl§ls§Alinj1e'f1TI, ': ';g]'.: 'V principal employer have V regular employees Qf t:'hé* .és~f:ablisl1rne1z.ff'. T' E35. '3'her<~:f'0z"€.' ~:hs::"Apex Court it is not possible to dedL1ce frc>mV_lf1.e__al.§r:§saiit;l.vju:dgfi*;en1;s of the Apex Cour: that c:0:r1.t:r.:u:fV léib(§i1~f"'s;§:éten2 being abolished Llfldfii'i'S1£bfé€3é"fi~§{)]f1{V1}uQl='=$€C§.i0'I1 10 of the Act, the contract labour Wcyriiixlglixj §34i5'~l;§il°}'}1§tS';f{1E}1(f§'}E, of the priricipai empleyer have. to be ab53.;:;>rb{~::i as zegsszlaz" errépioyee of the estabiishrnentl 'H'}l€3.V"3.::3Ll.§_."}.§T*E:i'EE§3 Czmré. in {he c2159 :2? STATE OF '.§§Ax'¥N;§,3'A££Z§y"'ifS. I{sG.S3'; wgnyaw ASSQCfACE"}&?%? AEEB {)T§<3ERS§ 'V-'§:§'E.:€i'1' :":':f§:r:'§:;g is 'ihéit 2:£{2':°é:s21iE§ J't,'l<f§f,f_f'iE":{':§"§L'.E-*3 held 21$ :2 :3 {§;';*,ff.Z V 178 6?'. That is plecisely the C1{i€'ST'i{)I"1 whélch. w'e_a1-'§;'Tc::a11€d upon 'ta decide in this ctase §.e.. '%,V}"1é3'{.1T1f3fI' f3'.'v"f3}:} Wrlitére employer is reqL1i;"ed to run and mai111.a'i'r1 21 terxné' ef the p:'c>v§23i0ns of the F21cf;:ories Acéflhebg:g5'x1.t::523:c:€1 A1A:2'b.é'u.1*~;§Jo.s:§~;ing ' in the s*La{L1E'.0ry C2mi:ee'r1 would. _a12:i0If<'1;1i.i.c:e11iy hfiiii tax'; 'the':
w0z*k€:".<s of the p1'i::1c'ipa1 <3r:1p1()};Vé1f.;§"f<3r all i"1ii€' f1"L' iizadpurpose.
68. In order '{,O:"C.§f3(3iC;§fi*?""'§«"tv'1'?v'§:1'*: .;:irr_;~ {he i"'1gh*a-S3 which are corxferred on a w01"kme1'1 '2is_j1z1_ici£_%1~:VVi,1*1~<: Fa<:to1'ies~s Act it is necessziry to E1()T;i;C€~._Ih.€ jflbjEfffi;E1I)Cf'~f€*£1Sf}I}'E:} fer e1121cti'IJg the said Eegislaiflion. _' TL
69. " 4'.I'§':e '»wVE1T§,§:h__ was e3z221Ct:€c:§ as ih€ ;3:reser:i:
Falctofies }§e:.'.1_¢ §XXE1E'0§:~'E>'g4$9 r;?01'1i'.2*:1'r::<~3«:i §i"if:":' f{0I}.Gw'ing§ S'%'.&'ie:"11e::%;.
-V V. & sf {;3E'tg§€é::i:;s; and E §€x.s_Q_§ias :
exis§"éng; {aw reia§2':'zgg ii} z°a»§;:4:E{z£:'i{3:2 533,?" ' §:<fii£%>§::':;£:?f é[;s'.'$'V:gz}§s':§g;.)1:;'»:z;§ :3: §*'::;:czT<;sr"§es 5:2 §§2:fE§.{;: is; es'?2§3<){£:'€£E :'.z§" §%'a';z{=§,{}r:gt:=; .§:<:§.? §é?,:%§:§; §}:§3w2':;>§2..<.2;s <35' §"§'2.§2 ";.;,§§%'§{€rz§ <3? z"?";£% ziafi. Ems; :"£%:..ng::e.Z<%€E. {>5 zT2z..zm%;s@r" {gf defecis and Lveaknesses, mmeh hamper e[fec_i.iue'e._ adnu'nist.rai.ior1. A£z':h0ugh the Act has_......£2eer:7jj amended. in crerfain respeeis in a ;)fec?err1ece.l:_:faA$hide whenever some particuiar aspegs Qf {§£b(§t":;?'; _ or welfare assumed urgent. i:3'j;pofi'§{f2.;je;'._t.H.e ge1r41'ea:"<:;1A',w _/'rameu,:0rk has remqmed :4':;ricf;e:Igeaf£._--v_e v T provisions jar the sqf'ef'g..;-;ealI:Ah' and. n~::__«f workers are ge:1era£i;;_[bz.£f2.'5Zfybe z.n'ade§;:;aze}az1d u.r1scu'--isjjt1C£:ory a.{id..«_ VV"'p.:jetecI.iei€ is provided does nei V'€_?.,5{€'F;"'J'?Cl':7' £0 rnass of workers employed' in. a "covered by the Act. éthie 'z&u~g2;» g-sewing indus£.ria£ aC£e1'v:"I4ies_":'n'fiie >C4C'}-L:/,i:'.=3,hI"'fi,):v,.. «:1 uI'.:1c,i.z'ea,l overhauiing Qf file {I4"Lzej:'fo_rie$1"fV{awV;;5'<:z.e: es§ez2i'ialfy called ft)!' and c:'oz.zZ'd nor be:tieZagV;4ez:£., " __ 'TI1.eV.pm._n'0sed_ Eegislazzforz dgflers maieeriaily _j}*om Z$.:i:;is in 5;ezser0;E res_pee'{,5. Some Qf .. mg izngaortfagrz:"jeq.:':ures are §'2.e:*ei.r2 rzterzziozzed, Sizzcier {fie def'€:'2:':'::'0:'2 Q3' ??"eze:<>rg;* is: She A92'? zaff
1. 'Q3. z.:.r:deri{2k§ngs are e:{eZu{fe<,:f. jE*«.:2m {'33 'se:>_;:"e._ 2': is estsemiizzf i,?'%z::§" §.mp0i"f0:;"2§ eaeéir ;.1%.f_'=s.'i;»%;, :'S«€f{:i3"%;',-E reizzzliirzg 3%} %2:ezz§:i§':.D :.:.:er§<:':':§ fzezsrgg, "E2{;_Eé,{§{z;:;s_. §§§;?zz?:'7'2§; ::::3.«:§. ::e32:.z'§af,§s:m. s;§":e::§:;€ fie e.
180
extended to afl workpiaees in view of unsaiiefaetory state Qf q[fai.rs prevai..?_ffig'« -1- unregulaiied faeteries. Further, ihe.V__gi'is.iine_1tion between the seasonal and jjereenniai_.fi:1:i::3I*£es:? which has little jztsfgfzication has ;'_da;ieie The minimum age of eVn'1pi_0;;me:'2:tf0r been raised from 1:2 to C2J'iC1'._VIf4'£(€¥'i?.= Lz,;C-;r!ei}1g hours reduced jfféém 5x,:£? 3/1T2.,L'LuiZ'h"'pou)e;"s to Provincial C§OL3€r§""L'?T?f£é'Fl'fS"'_'IO ;prLesc_riE§"e~eeuen a, higher minsimum age for er:{bZe_.ijn1r3Iii} hazardous L£nd€TIaKifi.gS.,_ ':~z;:s. general in Character c12'tdvIea;=:esV'Ii:e. rrtuch fro 'tfheev-ride making powers of }?roL_:érzcii:tiV.5-oVUezff1men_is'. ~W'hi£e some of them do hazge"rules.V_<igf7.'vrifg,;.;§%ig'etyirzgertcy, the position on _ the ibhale .:'gp.o'~;; q 1:iL'e sai;i.3faci:ory. This defect is edughzj t5o"'beV__gfe;:7eoi:ed by Eaying dawn eieariy in the BiEi.._i€se§f {fie mizzimum requiremenis regarding }§ie.:;§E:i:§'é;geéeanifstess, verzieifiaiien and iemperaizzre, dangéeraizs masts m2d_fu.m;es; Eigémirzg and' C:".}?2Z1?"r:}Z ef giare leis.) scg§e§.g_; {ege pre§:e::£:'£.er2 eozzimi <33" é3X§3§0SE¥}€ 54,2'-5&4 éygféargzraaézie dasezfs, em}. emf. §€3§E€:"?"€3§ weifezre <25? zzéerécere fzeaeftirig fgzeééiziee, f§re:;~e::'e£Z {;%{25"::'eem;3 s§2eE:'e'r reemsg ereefzes, e€.::7,,} a.mp§;'g?':"e& wfzere $2 18} necessary. 13;; rules and reguiations to prescribed by the Pmvineied Govemmenis, Further the present" Act leaves an;p;:%m,n:i,;;;::Q::
complex points to the dis;-'retzun.
placing heavy responsibiliiy 5:; i.hemf Iri[['L1ieLr;:"c;2"::1e ' specialised, and hazartioys riiztpifaé Qf';
employed in the j'e,ctorieé';«e.:£if'~is tooV':I::ueh :o Inspectors {.0 possess c§?t~---e«Qq3eff..}cn0u§{ea:ige.~egf ail these matters, TFi.€.V:{i€IL(;il€£i'§%T;G{?V{3I%'j?'i$ contained in the Bill will go Ae..V_ Tl.::=.r_f;g.v'V__"VLef;1y--'"~é:€L'eléjgfi-f.eI1ing their burdery. « 3So'run_e "z3f§}f]'fei.'dfiie'e;...e' e9;:p'e:'i.en.eed in the V';1dmi--n.is'£:~":.;€«iQ%Ie of, {he Act especially relating E0 'H./3u':"se' ejfV_e:.ifg:>le§;{_f:er2"i'9 hoiideays wiih pay e{C., heave"ubeeria 'meg making the provisions znere €§€§f'"f.fifiI€ veiewer. 'f"%:e penaéiy eéauses have aise been' "made in {he Bifii empowering Previneiai
-- {}eeer%;v:rzeni's to reqtzére éfzei' every 'fG£iO?:E; sheuid be z';iefg_gz;:~§'£eerec§ and sf2.eu§e.:% {Take Q Eieeneefor wer§<.:€.:1§ be renewefi 05:' periedieei z'.n::e:'va£s. Previraefai €%e$er:m2;er:E:s are j'a.:r§,%"zer being emgsewered fie re5;:.s.:'re §:'§'2ai. eefere 52 :z4e}:::'j"e;e§:er§; is ee{:.s'§:mei:e:"£ er any e:«:5en$§.ens are made ie an eseséing eneg She 182 plan, deasigrzs and spec?;'f£cai:'i0ns Qf the pr0p:}s.<{CE--._ consi7mCz':z'on should receiveéi izheir prior appré3'i}ti1--; ~ :-
If, is expected that the £3flI..:.;:_hen 1".r"zIT{) A. V law will considerably adL:ci;1ce:.£:ié;é €,orid;'Ifioz"é>Qf .' Luorlcers infaci'ories.
The subsZ:ani'iaI cflaftzgés madé 'in EEi'aé existing law are also ind2'::.aied.«.<i%i ffftt: izsmes c)ri.V"r;-flciluses. Oppc>rI'um'zy has beef; .:fcii:ef§ I§.:) 2ir:f':::;2g;=_ the existing law and to revise e.xpz?essiQI1;3, Lfr}?1:3fé'V-- tzebessarg
70. A?_bin§i}s5'e§fii --vi<éw'"of {h<::: $ai<§------Ac:i rz1.a1.:es it clear that ii p'royfides iz1sA§>e<:1_ii:'1'g i.'r;e-- staff, preavisions relating ':0 health. é:.afe:ty, thé';§x'QiI"is_i6;3s*'miatiizzg Le ha2:a'rd0%.:s processes.
xvelfiare 0f {I153 wz3;1*kmé::1."e*Jork,.ing hoaxes of adults; e§1.1pI<33.fz11e13i. ¢_ 3%" j;6's.1::g';36;rs0:3é'; '::..r:.m1.a1 §€tEi'v'€' with Wzlgesg Spémtéai pmvisions, »;}§3'I~1€i£Eir:S'«smgi"p:"oC<3t;i'uz'esa zmé (§"E§1€"£' s€:z1mi.<:a"§; r<5§u3;z"e:11e:ms;. E':
E5 «:1-.V&xIeiV£'a:?;"',€*__::'::€'2:é§u;'é:: 9%' {he a>m§%i':'::1g: f<};:°e:€. S4:-7<::i'.§{;:§"z 46 of ihaé 31.32%: E32-'ec';,;c;':"i{--':s; :'~E<:::,, .3 rézzzziise :.z:'1d«:=r:';--
5saié£*--A<i€.j §3:':;'*».}'E{§é2d far <~:.:~;i2{3EiShm€:'::' of C&Ef;TE£t'.{EE';:'-;§= Ss€{?§'.fiG'§"1 48 sf
1. 83 "46. Canteens « {E} The State Govemrrzezfii may Inake ruies rezquafing that in any spe<;§,fi.~_é3L€._'»T*-._ factory wherein more than two hundred <:_:;f"zs::s';--
workers are ardinariiy empioyed <1 canteens shall be provided arId»vmaintja.irir§d'r occupierforihe use cffhe 3 u ' ' ._ {2} Without pI'(5>_}'L{diC€"fC'f file gerzejn:rZi{'g' Qf «. thekforegoing pawer, suVci:._Vriz~1¢s fa} the date by 's_V;;ch c*c2:1t}{;en_},.-rial! be V _ % {b} the respect: of V' ::;)nsz§.ri:é:'io:r;, furniture "oj°":he canteen;
""" H " _,{%j0§Vi:s??uj}5§Vi:é' Z58 served therein and which may be made 'E516 éérzstiiutiort of 52, zmnaging a'C<:s--E¥1§?iiEE?&*e for {he carzéeerr and répresentaiwrz »::j" the workers in the . rrzarzagesmerzi aféhe canteen:
fijizd} {he iéerrzs Q? exfprirzaférzire in {he rzmriirzg "V 'of {he sarairgsszz. which are rim :0 be éakers ziraia ascazznzg in jwrég €326 €035 <3f"WfQa§.s:z§}ff3 95:55 w§*::'ch gfzaii 59 Ezarrae fig; {he er::pE9g,sr2r:§ 2?:
184 (63) {he delegation. to {he Chieff' Inspe"C'éo:f;~._ subjeci to such conditions ;.
pregcribed, Q!" the power (0 rnéfge r£;ie.§;
under Clause {C}. -
71. 'Fh0L1gh the :*:'a<:tf"i:"zi§;.i(3r1 'Qi ' ifabiorgf' ,Lmde,r " V VVAQE apply 1:0 pmznises "{3} 'a2*h<3z'<:§ji'1~.V_ i.e:r1"a_1f '2"{1{)}."§3 VV"~%3:51*kérS aft»:
working, or were working 0r1AVa:i3;94:iajg..?Qf t..hé'*pr;3<:»:5C1i1ag twelve months. and in any 13211'? "f£',5N"'\»'¥2"'1T_1_i(FE'§{}:v 21 V'f1i¥,V§";1A?,1¥~'£'§'?.3»VCi,L1§'iHg process is being carried e;a1":"w_it:,h t;hVé"¢1:i:1:r)fg3.€2we1*;. Q1} erdinarily carried on, or (ii) \?b'.}1~'3'{'»f§O1i;§',';%LI€E1if'0i'.V11}('{i"f:::fW€)3'K(fI'S are working, or were w0r};.iI1vg'C')fi'-;12':i:5z €33' {,};e; precé'dihVg twelve mzméh-S, and} in any part of? Vs-*h'ic'r1 21' .§nai1=1;f£:tQfE;:'rj'i1ig pmcess is Ejeirlg cawied on W£i:h01,1t. :h::»:_a:sa_ of pom-*e'i'.' "(fr is 01'dinari1y so CE1i'1'i€d an the ebiiggjaévioa on" ._';.2§e <:r1:§>i0yer €52 provide 5: <:;1m:een as « "CQ%:Lie1:{';iEe2 EV:€",s§1" under S€<:t.:%<m <16 applgz eniy ':0 spe;<::ii'ic .£'actory '> {$2111 215% w<::rk€:'s-,2 21?"? e:"{i§:1:1r§§§; stnpieyeci. En _ V @:::L§>.E.:>§gé;::*:" is is gsraivéfifi <?a~m':e€:::$ E52" €:ho5=3;€. x:%;@:'§~:€rse;. 1&6: 'GLE/::«::'"v:i§'*:ii¥s3;. £2: :*€S§><«3<:21 of fz;.L:§a>r:{:ss where Ems sham 25$ w:>§"Z¥:-e%r§;A& '2>=:é3:'°é?=. c:-:§:":§:E{3§:é:§:i §;';.22_':'.1:*:.<3z.j%; :'":::.1<:=.$ §1"2':§><3:=:§€{§ on E1239 7'2. In this background. it is -rxcicessary objects and reasens behind the enactmeni a Labour {Reguiation and AbGIiiiOn).:ACt_ under: ~ "The system oj"T_ef'f21.;Qloy?fie:r:11: of labour lends itself to i}€1:*fC:,t$ CL'b?.ILS%S.: Vffhe question Qf its V }::':1';'~:>.c«:ii£;i;ii£W_f"z:.--":z'$. Liricfiierw the considerc1t'i0n of '[<3:'r* £_2;A.{cL3§":'g Iirne, In the Secorusi F§'f;"'ez"Yé:C1rV = Pianning C0mmi55i55;1l'L 3: ; 'cériteiii Qfecazmmendations.
nameéfy, V to ascertain the :é§cfé:'tf: ° 'confi'}f£i1f:.V flfabour, progressive 'abo'5ifi0n inlprouemem' of service C(;i'£Ci:L;EiOTl§"Qf"i:';i3:'1,Zfi1EC"t'&]bOLU' where the abaiifien. . was aiiaijiipasisibié. "}':'E1e ma€'iter"s was discussed a:
gzggfirégéus i;%é3€v:E.r3;g*'sf of T:':'p0.r:'.iz':e C02"?1T¥"£.£'Z'{€€S ai Szaée Govemmemzs were 0.530 1 mréd and the geraerai cansensus 0}' apiniexz 2:;-_<:;§' -__::?¥L::;§. éhss sgsiem sfzmgéd be; abaiisfzed ..z:2:§1{2.%%3z:e:' p<35;$£§Ese smfi _pmC';z'.::a£©§£2 aznfi ihai. Er:
éiésés wfzere Ems sggsiem m':s:s.£d nag: 3&6 afggiisizaafi aE§_'€2_§:ei.§°:€?, me z:;{;:'k:n'g :><;?":5%ié.:'<::.2":s :35' {:<m.:,§'acé Eabou? ahazeld be reguiaéied 3:3 as :9 ensure;
.... ..
186 paymenl Q)" wages and movisicm Qf essentiai ar71£3I1.i.fjieS.
The proposed Bili aims car. the abolifggri' Contract'. labour in respect (Bf such caI'egofie3s may be zloiified by the appr()pr;'g(.e Go1_sa:'{';1v1:.«§%3r117ii{z = V the Eigflit ofcerI:::1tn crzlgeria {fiat»'ha:.v:éx_be?en .V£a{d ° down, and at reguiaiing I:'h.e:> 'T<:ori»c3fiii}o;1:; Qf Con(r(:z.cIZ iabour where"i§zb--Q{iI".iori.'visx ;'"r_0z':' The Bili pmuidesjbr [he' °':s¢¢AiV1,€r;g }'1E:i.viL¢;;:>r"g Boards Qf i:ripamfz'.{<3 ._ repféseéfiirtg various in teresis. "E13" Vffifi.' and Sijalje Gover7m'Ien_{,s in ifics Vi€5Q£3'ia{Tion and regist;ra;:vi.c'ir' _ as {:'a.bZ:'::«§}'1r'ri.r-2i'1£;€:'* ~~(/£'I_'}V(:7; COI11'.FCLCiOFS. :'?j11.a§c--r' AV{,Vfi--é,S_<§?t;efi1e%»_T€gfT__the B1'U. the pI"OL'--iSf,OII and n€c*§z:'f;r:r1ct:'2.:§E,3 'Ci'_":.¥'_":E'f.4*,Il7;"i. basic weifare ameniiies for {:¥:r:1('raczf i «;z?A30 :_:z:*;~.-'iiVik<3 dri.r1.ki.ng wafer' and first :c:a':f_f*a.s:z'£ni.£'%s:3,vf;;;fz;i in cerz';cz:':": {.'CéS8S n93i~m0r2':s Gfffi. .?2.a1:-<6 been m:;:.dz3 Qbiigazary. Pmvisiarzs « §:§s:{:$ b€er: mozde zfias gzzarci. a§;{}:i.i2S§ cZ.<,jiEzz,g§€,s; in « 5,31% 's7fr::;24z;€.'-22:" Qf wage g3ag;:7z<»:m'. :"ar'§<2:'e: '§:":":§>:}:'"é«2::§T1E,E}_.=* iiizszi :'?:<':i. E".%;":é;'i§';é'?,-$5; ii": {3§}§§_§_§2"E.§'I{§£'j§ an éhs €11E:{)§G}"€§' :0 pmx-'§{i£: <:a::"§'.:%::%:2 f'aCiE}§'E:K=:§~:» v.;%2{:':::'§:- 1&9 :;m.d ::':{::.'§ ,,,,, 189 <--::11gagc=:d in a we:31'I.«: or operatmza which was i:Hii:di%inia11}; coI1ne{tt€..d wiéh the main i3'idL1SU':s;' was 21 V'.='GE'}§.I3.T,1."£"i.'I#i.:
1'eqLI.iremen§.S of the stat.I..:1Ir: were sa1,isfieci thai case were enipiiffiees of 111.:i*. }1i'1"1'l;.. i'i7IEb 7 ELPHINSTON SPINNING AND LIMITED' case it was of "ab grainshop in a textile $V':j'a:.§L1t0r«'iIy"i1n;5;)sed it was heici that the w0;1'I.<;.n1e2'1 is a workmen under i.hf3 AC5" 4:T3:'i1111_iIa1fj,}' Case: aiso it was held ihai 01:' op€1'a'£i0r1 which was i1:1cicien1i'I2i}'§_§7 "(IV¢:I~.¥.?§}.}'.'a~*..?'v(':U':?vlZ'I _w"it§2 the main iI1d'L1sE:1y 0:' the w0:"kmenV:i§' O'§h€}f :7éQL1v§E'£fi;f1f3'h'{S of ihe 5ta1i.u.1.<: were spec:i,{it3d and i.h.,a11 i,hé";1;;211iiV:fsv'*ir1 'the '£02,136: were w01"i<ea"S. H: i.5é'-3T1__¥§.§%;;'.::; «::{3m.€::x:'!:. it is; :'1s,3<{.:es2:es211j§;' £0 E":{}'ii{'.€ '{.%:23.'L »f:§f§.€*:' 1°e?:§i'%E'f'Xf§§T:§'~f;{: 21$: i'§}€3'Sfi? <j§Z2{"§_§_§I1'1C?3'2§S ihé 'E'h:"aE: »_§:1.dg<:s:; B<;%:1:?§a E3?" -.__éh1€é ' "_"_~f+'§:3;;§:*{:*,§;1€: C::»"s.:2'1 in 'ache ease 0? Iflfllflfi? §E§1?'"R@€§;%§§~';3§§I€%A£3 €§RP{}R.s§§'§§§*§ §;§§r§§T§"'Efi sgwfi marmg sfiggimzg 335% my QTHERS ;.~e.pe-n.e::;~é :2: 19% 1%: Egg? 6% is ,,,, ..
$457 191 RELATION TO THE MANAGEMENT OF RESERVE or INDIA V. WORKMEN reported in (1 99641 LJJ»4.fa;~{s<:}$;§>1§t;_§4e~.:t is heid as ur1&ez":-
":24. Now we have to <"-,'XClI}'lf%l€ 'V persuaded the Tribunai in fa held+A.tf1a:«.thgg'A.., instant Casefalls withir: j'_{'fxe_raiie'£a.xid d9iz§'fi_i'i;é§ Court in M.M.R. Khan's (szzpfnj. the three different er1£iegorie3''''ofc;ifi';g;3n3 ;; 'vmflfg3€n5 run bg the In2pleneienieL_fi<:§f::. [Canteen Cr3rr:mittee),_ Co~ope_r_cit:z:€ '$oeie'{i.e;S' 'Contractors w the Bgzzzfteggvas ffialeifig of subsidy at 95% c 0s:I,3__V'i:?curret;i by the canteens for of:f:fVSaE¥ar_§;'; .V""'C»ent:'£bué"ion, graiuiiy, ngfdrrn eVi'r::.f -bjee fjrcvidirtg fuel, wafer, 'fixtures. ufienerlls. fttrfziiitr€, 'elet:%ri(:i£:y, premises ere, free of Charge. wig-Z «iecice up the individuai faeis =}2.§;..«'{'he Tribimai in respect" {if {he diferefzii eaiegeries sf eanieens. when the question ;;»eeEi-.:.--.}'1e empiegeee in reieréen :0 Reserve Bank ojf.f.f:eZt:}:éV:a:zd {heir eiass Eff aeoriemen Came up before ' .,Lg:iS:%i{£€ Sm' Singhe er: 5: reference? on an eeziier eeeasien, {Fae Eeznic $2.55 3£i.b§'%'Zii'§Je'3€f§ zihasf e.de;gw:2;'ie eanieen faeiéiiiee are aeeiiebée is She empieggees ef {he Bank ané ihaé {he Bards: has previziedgjeeiiiziee. i' 435% 192 in this regard. Regarding the canteen run by Implemenrarzlan Committee (Can ieefii' -A Committee}, Gut Gf the 1:2 representatives is arefrom the bank W the Currency Off"weK...l?e'reofif:el_ Officer and the Officer free?"{he«P1fe;senai Poliey-:7 Department. The Currency azmags :
Chairman of the Canieen.__.C0rri%n§z'tee, relieved four employees Li}h_Te"~are in'il;e"'Ce.mff.;tZee, two for full day ami Ewe;-"e€f 'ha{;'5..day fe'2.;,:pe;*uise the day to day 3 ca;'1I:een. The committee cannot of the eanteerg u peiwiissian of {he bani; ..fI"5he i:fe._{esv eaAI1ab§le.§"'Vels0 eannet be ;*eij'iéed...:i:Ji{f1u5§,iVt the Manager. They ecumot V "wege revision without the appnjwz 'cf :"'e;i:5;1c. The Bank is also A. -- :fe£rrzbz:i:'s;in,g*V. the expenses incurred ever the ggefiedieal "?3*a::*d-i::'{2E Check up ef {fie empieyees 2 avimfiheti. fie {he kitchen ane wearers, In ijhese e§f'es;e:;3A€erzees, Ehe TI'§§I}££§'ifl§ held ems: {he ease file/{is wiihiz": the raise Eaid éewn fig {his ..C;"é:::;e"§V: is: §%:f.M,E€. K?:.e,r:'s ease {eaapreyfg since {fie eiene exercises" remeze eer'z{::"ei"' weigh ie as ejfeeiive as any, fie &§eiiiS¥"E§. She ebeee aeieeeieg the fee: remains {Thai eeeerdirzg {:3 {he Efianfc E: Pzezs Graig .. :;§"§;}:g§{z§.e:f;§ £95 Bank. Here again none Qf the pecuiiar aduerted 5.0 by fhzis Court. in 1W.}'v7.R. Ki1ar1§'_e t*eV$ej: :_.
{supra} regarding the non-sraI'.uI,ory canteens are present. The n1e-re'jE:1e(:' ihai._.i.1'1e._1i5ah}s:f', nczmzinales its re_presem'.a!;1've'-,:() cc§z=?UT2it:f"eeVV reimburses the iicence z7ene1.uaI"'<:h(:ejges 1w::'AiI.rf;oi, iri; any may provide any direefaiczrlterol. . V --
26, We wilt 1101.13 ~:?:gLIce z:I}'9Wl'f1e }:1¢i(:§,e7' regafdifig the non.«st;a.ziuiory r1orz§fe::ogi'Li.,_9%1:={i» a;'c:V'a:i§:eeAr2;::r..V In deaiing with ijhis m_aI:£:er¢ A!1%--te._'I'riP};;--._un::;E 'I1'c;:s& }"e_}'7er*red to the various ;'ai$f;§eets §:_ire=:s:;ed '"ri.r:" 1:{Cara..g,i'ap11 38 Qf the 'jL:dg:;neriVr._<«..:'h'~vM,_M.f€5~.e,.,}{E*1qr'ifs' {supra} ihaz, the 3;:,£¢rkme;i: rm};-'e not' rdilway servamrs. The Tribimczi ha§'~ {Oh the »::zgreemem" executed between {he and {he Comraeior which.
_~aceorc{ir2g to 1:, <2-.z::"{f Show fhafi {he d{s£mgz.:ishz'.r:g '74fg2.g;i,':;.:.:fes ::z'.e:2£-ie:':ed. in J'yf.Z'vI.R Kh.a:'2's case (sugpraj :;;rea.V:2<;z}"i;;2reser1{ in :.'E22'.:=; case. It snag be 550. T?'za::' £e»::é:€..§; ;...:E;ws'fe we p{:>sz'z.iz:e eo:':cZ:.:.s;z'.(>r'2. regarfiiszg she z3:;::§fe2f, 5;: E.SSE.i€x £15; per zize agreemerzé. 3538 5:35/m§<:
,.i"2e;:§_; V€£.eE.s::{Eed 32,-fie sz.z.§3$£.6i;; ezrzzi <>3}'2e?° fae:Z§:'.§::'e5§ {§§}?::n§a*5§ egg; if 5; E'Z.£.?'E. éfze {.'{§;I'2f'1€;?éff'2 (zinzi hex;-'7; 5:539 ee.r:;e:'.n <:=<:>:'::£§ z' 5' 20:23 .:2.e<.'ee:s;°a:*;; fer ee;':{iz.:.c:°zi':'z':§; Elise ca:2.:"ee%': in 5: g:;c3oof. ?2§;5:;:er2€e £22253; ' lite week €§'2;§'§§.'§€€§ :53 gel' 5:32;; 7ee:2e;"éi', IQ5 efficient manner like insistence cf the qa;ali1jy~._:;f food, supply of jbed engagement of e2q9ejr'ienee5i: » A' persons eta, Sueh conduztl "cannot" in. arag'.marj2'1.e% point: out any obligation in -Ban£'€ i(§laj33V';"{§1)lfL§E3.':".
"'carzieen" as wrongly asslzfned l-lsrggithe. 'TriI::u;"i€§l...__ Since the distinguishing _fealmfes. mer1,li%me'd' iii: M.M.R.Khan'3 Case {suprsgfzzlre ntiivgzffessehr case, the Tribungll by V@._ul"u€gG{lL?€ ;b:'eeceAss_l§was inclined is hold llrzesuglh Vl'tl:e".r;}é:in:t'eens may be non-statutory and vAAi;1l»b_fiaIure, they 'Could be sfcllri to 1':-ee.::)gnlsed ones and 5;; the benefits like ;:l9e_::e§f::isel:l*:5.'je.elfi'ieeHS»: This is a wrong to WeVV?Le.ve already held Ehal fzvon.4sta:z:Vle.{:g-~ "canteens in the instant"
case are net si'n"zi£:zf'*€23 the nowslalutery recognised . -Can:eeia3,Veo:"e§iolereel in M.M.RlKha,nf's case {supra}. I V "in the neewsiaizllerg recegnisegi 2 eaz'zlee%':;s:. __::he:'r":selz;es 60.52719: fie eensiclered 20 be «lAwl2{?---?§§9ne§sv.:2rader {he Bank: by Else same zeicen, She uF{?f§i€3§fS'é3{?%p§G§I€C§ bg; Elie ce:zierees;'erel even. gf {hey .;a!*e. Considered 5:0 be fzezzwgéaizzlergag reeegniseé eeezieees as field by See 'frzi.%:;e,e,il aeill me: be 5:' £5 enlg egg §7;G§G:i.?E§ She?' {the eenieens run egg eoeE:re,ci'er.s are similar; :19:
I97 n0n~si'az':u.I,org recogrzised ccmieens, the T?'ibI_,£.{ial has given the eame benejfi as was given.~«~§.--:J ':?.1+ workmerz in the recogmsed cc:mz.eens. I: S}T"G_L.£.ICi 'ales be noted that the variozas_ .j7a_cf:',ors_~'"héi.ié_é;d "iefi. paragraph 38 03]' the 'judgr21:;j:'2i:' fr},M.M1R;. K.I*iari".3H..,, f case {supra} were advertled to by é'jf:=:s Coufi] :b'vcier1;;3 ' the plea that the car1.iee;1_vii>Q_rker$" ",z'C13*':".'.\?'T:(}f,' fe:{iZ"u:=agj' servants" in me corziexir .{?'1e.VV::a1'ie'u.&:¢Tpfovisions Contained in me E2.qilLLjfi_1; _ :I£::II..;:'}3uIisffa21en ,Z\/IeLnuaZ and other d.OCL£II1€'I';££€S--..' "1'?:c5 rested on its O1LJTIjE1('i87 " V V ' 'V x "
27. *We,_ £Aii.f.?£..'.'2I'v'_7«"3..}('{3.:?'€_';_,_'v)1'"L()E-'§'i §':.'I1cgI» {he assumpiian made, 1'11}?i:.37I'i.b'i.!n'Gl 1..'1'c'zf~§.!'1e i.rzsI"'ar1I:' case clearly f;_1II$ L:a{.fhi;;1'~..{i1efaigifov-«__Iairi d0u.:r1 by I.I1.is Cour?" in }\/1".'M.f'?;.M K'2:'L4:1£I"1V.';~'4S.'.f"&S€§! '{E7i£p?"Ci}. is Z:'oz:'allg; z4:.?';fz.:s{,§f'fed and ineOr'1?e¢._:, "me facts {his case in the afjserlee e';fTzr;q2.;; ,:;£':az':uz'<:zrgj or <;{.§'z.er iegai ebiigaziozz a°:'2:i _:'r&~..._i;'":e absenee Qf 5:22;; rigm. in: me Bank to VV = 3::1;3e:'s§zs:e"_j..a:2& ::?e:r2§.re§ She work er {he desaiie :%?;ez'<:'€f'}f.e:'i:2. arty m;:a:22':e:' :°eg:2.rd.z'.:1g;r E"3'E€;' ea:':€,een ::--,%er§4:e;%f*s empiogged in Size Efzree z.§;;/see <g;""<?:::;n:4ee:'E5:e £5' gffiféfézfii. be Said 552.912'. fie r°eE€z§.§<}§':§h§;3 :':'2.s:a:::§:'::;%:* 5e.:'z<>3 se:'::a2'z§. exigzezi. §'}e§.wee;"s :'3':.e §§<fg::§i:' mtzzf §.§':.e s,.>a:":".ea,ss
366. persons em;3E.a§;e9§_ in z.?"z.:°ee zggpest <;;§"<?5::::ee:'z.é;« "£98 persans mer1Zioneci. in the list" aziacfwci reference are riot: workmen of the Reserve -1~ India and mat; they are not: coznpgif-abIéVA_T."~ib errqjloyees employed in :?--1é" ~q,fffic--'{3rs_ Therqfbre. the demand. _f?:.r :feg1:1lcifi$ai:'i%5;? Lmsusigainable and Z]'lé'-3;} are }i'<:_z"er1I.ff:led tzrigi relief We hoid that 1I'i'e: Zzwarczhf Tribunal is _faC{,uag{ly aI1(iAlc3gaV§i'iZ.g; 'zzfisL:sia§r1q.b{g>;§ 78' The rnain Factiories Act? is to prcmlde for safeéy. heaith,' 'wc1:1"I<iVzig,_{&h ms:*s,aF1e'iidays, lighting and ventiiatiorx, ._Vxx2'eI"f;1fe_0§_1'i?{e ivofkers such as workmg facilities, I'i'Z:Si', _-.?3.id,;.V{fk,11f}5{ftE'f:};'1.S, --sh.<311.er moms, crézches, etc, Under t'ht~€; Acii, is, §'a<:'to1*i£::_s_s €fs§*é€1'ei1} more than 250 wsrkers are ordiI3.9.§fi.1y e:i:;f_si0y'€d, p-ro{?idi:'1g 21 <:zu"2é,e<--:r1 is made mar1dai0r§; "--.wh'i::?1 3S1'.i:0£21c§ be ffi':-ifie *9}; the: <><:CL1pi€<z" for {he use of {ha xi-*s;;:"k€r§§'; ';l§.1€t$€;* weifam p;"m-*i$:'€msa w€;r:=, zweiflabie orfiy 154:0 éhé' j;1~;?<>:"'}<;ez.'s €::1pE:":§;'eé E};-* the é-3m;3§«::~},?€:: if Smth an <&:m.pi::¥}ie:*i-- had €:np§{;ya:*c£ :;:z}z":t.r:/mi": E2:bm.::'r:e:'s 223% 7:25 2%-as L;mcE<:%'r 51$ :5-'E§§i§,1;'§2'€'.;é{}:': Ea} <:':2e;E.e:?n::§ i§":{% '%f;em=i§'"§1;. =I;.?{E§.'1§%?E"§"f;?{§ 'i§"2é3 2.%;:>:°%g€:'é3 " Lgimier fjififi E"2i{:€.{3':'i€%s-3 :'§~:%'L 'FE'1{}u;-ggjh s;uz:7rh £::}§:'é:'2:<?:.£' Izsbszzrezg am: §%/ 199 the enxployem of {fie C0r1t.3'a<:10rs while pe1'§.'cJ:':1'1Ez%.g fg£_'I1Cti<>:1s inside the fzicttésiy, when workers €H1pI{)y€d by were er1j0ying; the aforasaid b<'~:11efit.=5, the de1i1ied Lo T113636: contract. Iab<3ure1's; §3»g:>>1_€'3I.y tflzii. {hey were not er:1p10y'e<i by the <e§11;:3.14{>ye:?;{'T;13:%.2£.« It was unjust, inhL1man.
Factories Act came to be ;?:.1V'C)<,'1ii2'§,,}i1'1._;;T_ figs C§efi:1iE§0z1 of the worker so as La 'Ci'e3i_iir1.iti0é1 Him: ::0n1.ract"
labour emp1c)y<:d in any'31551111i:'§iE§i;11~i'fj'g' {By inciuding the C0n'irac1. 1.gi§30§;:rer iri--.t'.11§e 'de§'ii1i,;iC>z%" (tithe "w01'kez" under the F21ci.0rj.es .:iI.I _1V.I*L<j bfi?}T{{'j%¥:ii{S'\K?.§\'}i{}?h c():2§e3r1"€<:'i under the F£1(3{'.f)I"i€SVfX{f3: 0:1;fégi3§.21§*"%.2s;ti£*i4{'€rs were exéczzzded to ?;.h<=: c:<m.£:ra<';1 1ab0L,1r.:e.rs. $3.1. ._ot'§:6f veg-*3rd;<_s 21.1} the w"e1I'1a1:*e :1z<=:21$u;:€s stipuiated in "é.----%1 € :--::r;:€:Q:'ies A<§'i; 7wes'e <~:xt';enc§<%<:§ ta {he <::«:>r11:.m<:1;. §ab«:>:::"£::"s«; 'V ' Eké;-3 E73? 3314:'. af<}:"€5;2:§€i 2m2é:~::';<:i.:'1'§.s:'r:2§. in ma": {i.§%£'"i:'2i'§'i{}:"3 €E%,:°«:j{:'§.§.§,?"é'3fz' by sea}; éE'::"i}:,2gg.'%T; 21:1}? ;§§§€EE'l£T}f §:*:{:Eé2s:i1':T:g:§ ':.."%";.s.:': (:{>:"m.:"a{*;*{'{";r «LEE 9;i;?{}§"E<,§i:"' i,m:.r:E<*::" éfizs 23;<:'é,<};'§s:<:: §«:::£. ::.E"::: §}{'E'E%§{%§"':f%3 é%:':';;;2§§::=fg€<E. 200 was giverit the status of a worker unfier the Act. Thereyfdre, the main object G1' this ame'n<:in1eI;t is to abehsh the between a worker under the Factories under £116 provisions Of the it contemplated under the Faeteries east' te contract Labour. Therefore atte-.t:I.976 'Eajw eetfi be made between 3 .regu}.etr wQ1'k'ex=.._eont%'3.Ct. ietlaour. Both are put on par and benefits flowing from the pr0viei:.)t"ie.. cf 2 t
80. Tiié:-V Faetor'i.eS'~J}C?'_ not deal with 2.pp01'.ntment of Worigereg fix3.tio'n,§o1t'-paysegtieg"premetion. ete, in respect of the regular xvefixeers. . are governed by varioue ether statutes, " '~ 'Z'hefef<:>Et_e9 the eotfttx-3..e.t'iab0u2"e1* who is aise at weflter under the .P"az:te:iee..Aevt"iS net entitiefi ta any ef these sen--"§4:::e eenditiens 3.3?'-[the "Fee.t.Ve:<t7ee"'Aet fie :30: flea} wit%: the game. After netieing the"-.__dts_e1'i::1fi§:at'§e:1 'between the eerztrezeé. Eabtmrers aznfi the eeguiar A'§ii'€}§"§i€'.E°;E'§ eeipéejg-'ed 1:} an i§1{§§§S§,}"'f3L the §e5E§a::2e:3fi§. tizeught it fit te enact Centeaet .Lab::»m* iReguEe.t§e::: arse} 20 1.
Abolition) Act, 19370. The epinion was thaz the sf contract iabcrur sheuld be ab<31ishe& xzvfserever ééufid practicable. In cases where this systana c:0u.1_<;V1__1."1_"<';~-*£:.§j<§A_1ab'oiiéi':e§§1 altogaéther. the working conditians (:{7>)'19i'E;'.a§f:F!; E31~'b--e:;;z1*.:gh {i:i}df i*3e L' reguiateci so as in ensure payme11t'a_t' w_ages ajffi' "'1Z}I'"OViSi.£avI1VC'f§ essential amenities. Under"'~i}Vi6. sch€1'3.1é'V«.0f.= tfie Qixct the provisien and maintenance oi7V'éerté;in"'i:tasiC \iréTifa;.fe amenities for contract iabour. Iike :;.lva_t}:';-. aid facilities, in thea mattjéi"TvLt;..f _f»Vage-.pag;meni, Under the Act it is made 0b1igat0'r'3{ (:91: ih.::_é13fip?tij;:=$_f"i<i¥ provide cameexi faciiities Whfiffi $.00 and mo f7e: .¢0§:tf'a$i'-.1aE§0urerS am empioyed by a contractor. V' --.'1'!h£€::7éfffe3:fie& again i192.ém€j§je<:i with which the ACE was passsd was __'riT<;j3;_ 4:56,: if§§g1+1i'5_i"§:§é:..?;§Ii€ serviceg of Cozxizacé; Eabourerg fimpiayed in aéé B3; viriue sf Sectéen 2.8 {:5 this A233 if Q16 'V...G9v€r§:;:_1€:-21%; 276933 ihai. the seizéraci §a,b{>u:' sifaeuid E38 abiséisheé 2:: §3":é'::.$I::*j;; $153? hzive {Z13 p{}'i-'éffi? 1:2 553 3:1 '"§"%:é3 fiaiié pmxmr ceuifi 'be ex€'rci$€d by isgzze sf 2: nazification, if it is :19}; % 262 gaassibie to abolish csntract iabom', {hen thgsg c: 01'::traC'£ labaurers sheuld be given 331 the benefits under the Contract labourers who are marking in at: _;€:§:3biif$1:mcf1t*«f_Q which the Factories Act appiies whézreb§:i:;:§é'«ih%:x'1._;2,:'3.Gvfiétjgjigérs i are empioyeé they are C0I3.fe_rred"V..;}:e.. be.n:§;i'-;;%;$"1§1r1&€«i""a{}1a3 F'aCiori@S Act. It is only these Céngraci labeggirergxvfivp net fafi within the definiticm ,0'"f~ .,work.é1?9-- u%{giéfL'..t'he Fa§é't0fies Act. are benefited by this Act. £j;.{1'éi€iV1' if the Contractar employs mars: «':'E1_a';1, EGO e_,:éQ§:'Er2;_éi~.'1:a_';;3o:1irefs, an obligatian is cast on hIr;1"'a<§_'«;.)r o*;2iL_£eV '&~i'::;§«__v.f':::r;$_i'£":"1'_;*3.r"* .3; Canteen. Tharefore, the Obj'€Ct:VJ\}V1't1'1 3'Wi'}§iCh:VA3i.};1C.'!F8f3'EO1'i€S Act as Well as the Act was passed 'by the 'P;;éfEiLf3.:f:é*r1__iT;W.xré;s ta gmvide welfare measure, a properj c0n£:ii:%§$r1Vir.,:'-- xaf§;iéfi..they can Work anfi to see that them §S"«§f1<'O5,._£"§.iSC?jifI1if184'Ci'CYi' bemreen them. I': was me": in the C'g:;i&fi:;:~_1aé;'Lit53?§ 'Sf the §a§'}.i8.m€nt whfie passing this Act to 3'.t~Q§1'§sh _%E§:és"3.Vs:;';§sie:r:: 9%" carzirasi; Eabem' afid dficiare ihai '$119352 sanirac?;";.iab0'ur6:*s are pemiamem e:11p§.5yaes 0%" éhe €;:':3;§§0y€;"
:~;r:»§"~.cs:3::f€r Sufi': sansequemzéai Easszéfiéfis f§€s'%5£§§'}§§ §':"zi>3fr: $11532 & ......
rsfgficiaraiiczx 94/ 203 8'}. By abelition if such cGz1i;ra<::*; labour, thmfe.:{fég:e he acquires 110 special right. Even without such all the right under the Act. Th€r§fo're c#3r11Li:nii1ati'0.I1'--§3I"
contract labaur in statumry Cantééns;Grzé1I:$01iii.Qfi- ::}fV:;<=:1;.c'i: an employment did net affect i}1€3:i1'1;_'£('3TE3'E'#i'.Qf:":2i,1C12'.'{f;f;}}'Z5':If§1CT; _}§[a'0V¥:)u rVV.L. It is also Clear from Ssciion ihe ac-C'1fVV1:'iI"éiC3'l'.vv::LEL1Z)O1,1I' Act which reads as under:4 _ V V M "The .rgfj'ec1' of laws -la}1d.'=a;g'fe{::§ée%i'{:Sb {?'1COT7iSiSf.€?'lfI with ihis_AC?,__ "[1,? Tfié'~§:'(§UiéiQUSV' of uihis Act shali }'7,_avr73 --Q:f§%:--t:2:'--~:{2.bt':g}é£?§?3'i'qrrding artyrfling in.consisI'erzi' tfimjewith' any other {aw O!' in zierrrzs of any LE,:{;reem€_nfA~--V§§z4\.L.fé:::1tra)ct' Qf service, or in any .é{2;:aI':d;z'ngV:? "ar;;i¢H2_f$_ appiicabie to the éséabiwimerzzj rmde begfore gr after the c0n'zmenCemer::' 9}"
a Préfi'§éE;?§ z':?m,z': Z,L>?'2.é32'€3 zgzzfier any sue}: agrerezzrsezzi, .::4:f2;f:::%*a';{:z?.' Q?' service 5;? gijarzziing Grders éihe €f{}I'E.§.'§"&C§' E'::V;-%:'"}{;sm' grrzgéiagiefi. 2:": §:'§zs:> é*$°i'E§b§§§§'E.§?E€§§.§. are @rz§:'%£:':§€é is b€ngf§§:$ in I'§3S};3€£'.E, s:)fa2z§,; .--*":'2aE;€;3r zvhicfz are mmeg 204 javourabie to them than those to which they €,i}1'3jL5,(i '. be entitled under this Act the eantract lC1b{}{.LI'. .J$*_?1'*:::§f»££:'f "
continue (:0 be entiiied is the more _f'3::'z:;eLzvra}§{e' benefits in respect Qf that. mafierf noi;1}ifhsfiiCc:1eiing.V V {Thar they receive benefits in Dresgaezgi . Q§F'"*--:
matters under this Act. V {2} Nothing <:0ntair1e€i=,irz. {:i'1iS. }'1ez::.'_:sIiL*;1V2'VV construed as pT€Q{LLdiHQA,.flI'I:yv.SiiQh COI'{{'I'{YC£' Viribour from entering infG--.fé;n agjreerrie'k2.£'~u}'iih the principal Empioyer or the cone"?-aVc&:$r, ei.s t_}::e"e?jz::e'_'.may be, for gran£1'ngV :::'.ien.tz_ rigfits er' spriuiiegges 'irr;«:'espect Q1" any matter; are? more _fca::j0L£rc:.:i'j'le to {hem than :h'cV)'se" :vo:i_id"'2§e entitled under this 'T . V. ..V v 2 . .
82., i§i<:.L fiV1 f;er1§.§en e§ the Eegisiaiure is very $283.13.' The ifiiéflfififi is is extend 33} the benefits fiswizsg under Fa{"§?:§r§es¢_AC: is a rssmraet labour empiejgeé in siatuimff 1'°";V'§f1eV.:*s:"der gassed :,:::<:Ee3: Seetiezz E853} ef the set 9%-hib:1%"iz;gv :~"iE3§E1§§G:s§'§§1€ZT1'5t, sf {fG§E§f2i€'i iabau? in séaiégiergr {tar:§,eem,;é;"a}y*.iEE as efieefig in sa"; $355" as %;he (re:/':':',re:e':. Eases?' is >w 2.35 concerned his rights are also govemeé under the p:f(§x;*'3f.:e'i:>.;V1s of the Facieries Act. It is a right wh.1'e§'; is ves'£ed"é;::;::1V€;Eer law. The order pas'-eefi under Seeticn 10(1) have the effect of divesting such b i time he is not entitled to mere Neither the Facteries Act Ace Pf%§ie_:
absorption ef eomiractv :ia};3our.Aeiin'eine;" Se>e'£iofiA '1"<f}(1'} §ef the Act. Therefore seen from the Constituiion Bench heid '::11ei; fi':e e;~;';§10yea in statutory canteens careful examination 0f the the Act anci the reasoning Bench that there is no automatic abSQrptien9 ii:he deeiefafiiéfi of Eaw $3,? the Apex. Ceuri in our «-xrie€$:.':eq::Va1i3rA.appfieéitfi the eontract Eabouye-re empleyed in the _ Sia;;ii::05:";¥« {%3;.%1{'eee:35.
' in ihis eentexa we have :0: agapeeeiaie the 'V guégzteeffi fenGTie':°eé his the gipex Seam 3:12 £31? irrzéiafs eaee. E": 15's;a;~3._he§§ ihaéie iegisiediugre has: expressly not memiezzeé {he 206 {::>nsequ€nce of such abaiiiicm. but the very S{',:i'1€I}1QE';fi;C1" anlbii 03?" Section 10 ($5 the Aci: cleztrly iztzdictates {he i.;;hc:*é.§:i'«i'cgis'i;;s-Vigzfiwg intent of making the erstwiliie contract.~--1ab'@7;:re:fs. c}i rémj' 'V empleyees of ihe en1;)io}1;e1° on a1h'§<)i'itic§§ ..<3f_ L116 .__i:r1-t<;'::n 1'égii5i:"y Contracficor- Thjg in£:erpre1at.§Q11 pta€iq:_d:'*b3,.y thefl;;Ajex "C{)"14,1AI."'L' fli{§. not find fax-*0ur with {he Cof1$i.:i:i'€;:Li<}z2 xIi'ent:'i'3.: Court in tbs case rgf. SLe e1**' a{5I"v--.I:1s:iE:i21. They emphzuically deciared iii ;1eit:her Section 10 ox we Comrac:-E 1.abou:rvA{E%égL:.I2it-19%;.'eifid v{¢'i;'%.j.{;iiti()r1) Actt, nor any other or by necessary iI]1'§*31iC3€.¥;.[v'i,'i.("'}"VfV1.'_A 1 i7f.3}V">' ..§}LE§.()}7fié§..i.(f abso1'piic}n of contract iabouzr en issui;.1;gVex"n6'i:§§i't:::ii'.i{>11. by appz'0pria't.<-3 Goverrxnmexat. Lmder .s::§:1wsécf';i01:V (E) #3?' §e«::i,io:1 E0, prohibiéing e:r1p§<>yr11e1r1i, G? ' ~.COE'1i.I;é3{C5g'{"']E3{{}'}uI". ézaéfigf p1'e:}c<:s;s3. €:pez'a€:2i<m or a"5L:her work. in am.-* _'.f3V§:~2Vi£1}§}§Svf"i»§§§tf¥Fi.£:\_ .€0r1S<-:rqL1%3:1'a.E:,,n %:h<~: p:i§.§§<:§g:;aE {fiE"£"E§}§€}j§,-"€Z*§" caxmm. be ,_;_:'r.%c;_a:.:iV13:;€;L' 135;" <>1:=:§€:° ;z':§:€»;0»:°jg>'§',i{}:3 <33 §;E"mi% <é:}:':i.rz?s£:'i. ?ia§3<>z:z" w£=:*k§;1g iéké V £§r;3:1<:€t';":'1€éd £3s:.2=:bE§3§r:::':€:':E'.. ".§'§":.§%:*efr;";'z*€, Eiéééfy e>;'pr€:.S&§.1jy-* ~:>3%:'%'l":z:.E<-%{% §:.:{§§:fi§':':sE?§E§. :2?' $15? 3 gs;-%:a C:'>:.:_':"i ::;{ ;'»":§:" E':§';.<§%a_'§; £722.-Eié€:': " p?0sp€<:i.§=;<%§:,-1 'Z"heré:f::::'{*:, 'éhs Ezzw as iii 5,-*;éa:*:=::i:':: i<:»{§;-13;, rS€€é::Z<m Efi} §_;
20'?
of the Act C13 net Confer any vested right in a?£:"§;. ¥$«:::fIfi}."aci labeurer the right" fer automatic abs:3rp';:;or1 esiablishment where he is w0rE«:ir:g_1,1:1c1er 9; "rit;"'i'.ifi<:3.i'fi'a;i.undéi. 1 Section 10(1) Of the Act being Esuéfi pr:G§1.ij§:aifi;1_g":%ffipIfij?mé1é\T:: ef . contract labour. The em'p§oy&% is ur1r.;1'er_ fie Qb§irg'3A75fi0I}V §0_.'3abSo駧L' such contract labour in his estaLE}i$'hr:1eI1t.."
84. A_fie:f ihe ASuf3_rerz.;'%.=,VVA Air Endiafs case declared of contract iabour would {about éireci empieyee 0f the law of the land, til} the Co11stiii;.ti.;):: VBc3n:C£3.v0ver--ruied the said judgment. in 0bedi5er1ce t<:: the §{v&.1§EAZ3i"._§>'&1;'%F;,-':.'AVC1€(3l8,§'E':(i by the Apex Court if any e:"Iif:_;::§«:&i)§:--*'§§"' haé g€€>'c°:%i%.....€.iAfeci :0 such fieclaraiion ané abserbeé.
.§1;.e,;se _cf{>1f;::fé;:;r{ iabeureys in their egiabézighmem gr if any i.rr<i§';,_:s§€r23;f£'..$.é§i:'£E§cat9:' gr any Caufi, Eneéuciing aha Efiigh Qauri faliaminig éi"9resai§ juégmeenf; cf the Age): Ceurfi: hag issimd é§re::§,iz:,::.;}§ €93' 3J§sa'r§'£:£§:z:: :2? 523.3%: €€}'£:§?a{E':'. §.a7r3::>uz'€§s.? the Céfigiiiutéan Beach triads ii sésar iha': such. actisns haéé gaeé
5. 208 I10i'withsia13diI1g their ()x»'m'--rL1iing the }z3dg1'z1é:'r1t' in ski}: Indiaks case. Such orders and c§i;'r:{:i§o11.s which haw-3 base}:
':0 and has bcmome finai would S?;,€'d'2C3. in b(i'E1€fii. C,(3I]fi§'II1€'d on a (?O1'1ti"'.":1C'[. I21§30:::fer by declarations or absorption shGL:1d:;:;1.0é:.?:fié; ths 0ver--r'L1Iii'ig§ of {£16 jiaciéiré?/E::2§: in ';:ai_1f. 'Endiafs; '-:j;:;$§fi prospeciive. It, céid not aifeci. V"I"ig,{§;"1Fi.'§» :£1{I.€§fI_If3C§ t0 the parties prior it) its j12dg'f§3'£*.:3t. Co'u1"'{. also made it Clkiéli' after the i:~3é3'i:;_e "(Sf I:-1'c)V't..:";":'-fig).£5.02} L1}3C1€1' Section 10(1) §)I'Ohib§§,iI1'{f.,VéT11f)i3O}/1'§1€1§{ '*o!" 'zi-.C:Q1ii.r21<:%: iaboui" in any €3Sfab1.i.ShIn€Ifi1i 'L1'}.{§f}1"i.'13.§Eij3£;i er;_wpI(>§,.7£:r has 1.0 <-3'mp10§,* reguiar worker in {$0 1411:: x'£OrE:"'3aT€'}1'i:€h 'E;h.ese <:0:r:'£.ract Eabourers were §3€§'f(}1"1'3{1iI"1g'.' '=1?! sac";-h ::_%:'rt%tiI1";5si21:1€ess Ehey issued 21 d'ir€c7ti0n :0 f.§1€*."'~3'§f)'I'§§;§{Z§§}EE.} éi11p1_Q_js;"m* to the afféémz, {Exam he ::3}":aEE ,pr€.'§§2:'e:1~:%$ --i.r;§"'i"3m:* esrgéwhéie <:<}:é.éra:?i §f:1b'{}EiZ'. €}';,}'TE€i'i"?J'v'!:E5€ fouzzé 1"€=;4'¥.§;:§;KLa?1aE'}§€::v:'1§i§?'Q§g~.' §.;§"E"if:{i€E-Sffiéify'. 3:33; '§'€§2iXi§'i§:~§ éirm {3{}mj§%j.i:::::a. 'iii:
m2§;3;§§nz,*s..*::: _2T§f;é' 2a.§::g;>:°0p1'§21*£'€:E},r' 1:a2.'§»gi:":g;_,§ mm ::<:m:3i{ie.2"2iE,i<>:2 {Em age '-43:" EZ§"}€:?.."=E§_{fi:E'§:{éf'E"f§3 gé, i'E'1i': Eémrji {sf éghzitiz' i:':_:é,§:».-':2 Emg'::§af:§::z§:?:2é E3}? §.E"1€3§§" _e:.»:§;1":*£§.?::y;:'z anti a§5s<§ f€§€3.X§E1§§ t"T'z".:.€:iz' <:<}2::s:fi¥;é<}n €10 ac2*:dz:%m:E:t 20% quaiification ether than ié:(:h.nicaE quaEifi::ai'.io:1. Thege directions make it 'i.--'€137 (tied: that such contract iabouféris W110 were w0r§:1'.r1g earlier before the 11o'tiiic:ation did...:éa1."§:~'¢:c%3me regular" ernpioyees by virtiie of aboiitiori sf Ltontfagt T' intention behinci this prospective» «::~'\;?e1}-"1*:'i=«E ing a,i1dVé'.1:¢ Vaiiofesiiid 7 di3'eCti0n issued for giving pr€fe'r€'r1iAc:%<:__ ci5ié_i1'a:%1'~ in the event c)§p1"incipai empio:g%:i§i?"Vrecrfiihiting shows the concern. the Apex v(3r3._L1ri workmen' Beyond that it could 1'i£§hT» which thff Pariiameni "workman.
85. __ -- iii i.I'1Ssié{iJi * £23136, tile N0iifica'{..i0n issued ab0E.ishi:3g§'t;'£"1e C{ér;i'1'é:r.:i: izaaésmzr has been \vii.h.£i§°aW:3. The said N0f;i;fi'Cat:i0'ri we .z_:i*é deéiarizig as vaiiid and iiphaidiiig the sama.
"TE"l£§i"F: '§'i{}_ right €s:i§e;:s'ed on such €G§E§',FEiCi 1a'bau2*s de:i'23;:1v;<:%li:'r;§;"V ;i.A;;"i'§'.55§IE1&7i'§;§{3 .:ibs0:*;}i,i{>:1 {if 323:2}: §5i.2:'i.::i:{;i'f§; %Z"iaI?.i;€€E"iS. '§'h¥e:=._ i€ai*z';::;C'i7 Smgie ;§'L1€§§_:€ 129213 iliii jzisiifiedi in g§r2ii1i.i:1g Susi} §i§:z;:i2:i'z:ai'..:i%§z': zmd %i'i%§°€'.§{3:f€ geiiii 2;"i:;2€:i2n*21:.iii:*: g;jr2::i'i.:::ci E323-' iirifi " ,,,i%t:3.i";ie€i Siiiigifi Jziégs E5 iiaiaii: is be set assiéei , , gé 211 Fa1C:t.01*i@s AC1 are iz:i.*a€:i.. The Natiiiceitioii ':féSéind'i:1g the eariiaz" 3:"~§0Ii1'ic21i.i0r1 in no \¥'v'a:«; :3E1fff3§EtS._
4) Parties to bear iheég 09:11 i:,Qséi'.s_.