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Delhi District Court

Ashok Sikka vs A. K. Nigam on 24 November, 2016

   IN THE COURT OF SH. A. K. KUHAR, ASJ/SPECIAL JUDGE;NDPS 
                    SOUTH DISTRICT, SAKET


Criminal Revision No. 8170/2016
DLST01­001012­2016




Ashok Sikka                                                                                                    ..........Revisionist 
s/o late Sh. Manohar Lal Sikka
r/o A­662, Sushant Lok Phase­I,
Gurgaon - 122001, Haryana 


versus 

A. K. Nigam                                                                                                    ..........Respondent no. 1

IAS Retired  r/o House No. K­10, Model Town, No. 2,  Delhi ­ 110009 Naresh Kumar (IAS) ..........Respondent no. 2 Former Addl. Commissioner (Engineer), MCD, Now Chairman NDMC  Palika Kendra, Parliament Street,  New Delhi  S. K. Jha  ..........Respondent no. 3 (Former D. C. MCD South Zone, Green Park) C/o Chief Secretary,  Govt. of NCT, Delhi ­110002 Ashok Sikka vs A. K. Nigam & ors.                                                                                                             Page no.    1 of 22 CR No. 8170 of 2016                                                                                                                                                        A. K. Sharma  ..........Respondent no. 4 (Former Chief Law Officer) through Commissioner, SDMC Civil Center, Minto Road, New Delhi  Manish Rastoagi ..........Respondent no. 5 Former Superintendent Engineer, MCD through Commissioner, SDMC Civil Center, Minto Road, New Delhi  R. P. Meena  ..........Respondent no. 6 Former Executive Engineer, through Commissioner, SDMC, Civil Center, Minto Road, New Delhi  Anil Kumar ..........Respondent no. 7 Former Assistant Engineer (Building) through Commissioner, SDMC, Civil Center, Minto Road, New Delhi  Sunil Dawar ..........Respondent no. 8 Former Assistant Engineer (Building) through Commissioner, SDMC, Civil Center, Minto Road, New Delhi  J. S. Yadav ..........Respondent no. 9 Former Executive Engineer, (MCD) through Commissioner, SDMC, Civil Center, Minto Road, New Delhi  Sanjay Yadav ..........Respondent no. 10 Former Executive Engineer, (MCD) through Commissioner, SDMC, Civil Center, Minto Road, New Delhi  Ashok Sikka vs A. K. Nigam & ors.                                                                                                             Page no.    2 of 22 CR No. 8170 of 2016                                                                                                                                                        Date of institution  : 26th February 2016 Arguments concluded on : 24th October 2016 Order announced on : 24th November 2016 O R D E R

1. By this Order, I shall dispose of Criminal Revision Petition which has been filed by the revisionist, challenging the impugned order dated   25.01.2016   whereby   Sh.   Ankit   Singhla,   Learned   Metropolitan Magistrate­03 has dismissed the criminal complaint of the revisionist u/s 203 Cr. PC except for the offence u/s 219 IPC.

2. Since   the   complaint   has   been   dismissed   u/s   203   Cr.   PC, therefore, Notice was issued to all the respondents, who were arrayed as proposed accused in the Criminal Complaint tilted as "Ashok Sikka vs A. K.   Nigam   and   others"   (CC   No.   21/1/13).   Notice   was   served   to   all   the respondents and respondents­A. K. Nigam (R­1), Naresh Kumar (R­2), S. K. Jha (R­3), A. K. Sharma (R­4), Manish Rastogi (R­5), R. P. Meena (R­

6), Anil Kumar (R­7), Sunil Dawar (R­8), J. S. Yadav   (R­9) and Sanjay Yadav (R­10) marked their appearance through their respective counsels. Manish   Rastogi   (R­8)   appeared   in   person.   Trial   Court   Record   was summoned for perusal.

  

Ashok Sikka vs A. K. Nigam & ors.                                                                                                             Page no.    3 of 22 CR No. 8170 of 2016                                                                                                                                                       

3. I have heard arguments advanced by Sh. S. P. Ahluwalia with   Sh.   Avijit   Singh   Learned   counsels   for   revisionist   and   Sh.   Rajiv Bhardwaj,   Sh.   Ajay   Arora   and   Sh.   S.   K.   Alok   Learned   counsels   for respondents and perused the record carefully. 

4. Before considering the submissions of Learned counsel for revisionist and Learned counsels for respondents, factual background in which the Criminal complaint was filed by the revisionist/complainant, may be considered. 

5. The  revisionist filed a complaint u/s 200 Cr. PC alleging the commission   of   offences   punishable   u/s   217,   218,   219,   341,   342,   379, 380,384, 427, 448, 452 and 120­B IPC. It is stated in the complaint that House No. B­5, Western Avenue, Sainik Farms, New Delhi­110062 was constructed by father of revisionist/complainant. A demolition action was taken against this property pursuant to the order passed in Writ Petition No. 6734/2000 titled as "Rajiv Malhotra vs Union of India & ors." In the said   demolition   action,   the   front   canopy   and   its   beneath   structure   was demolished by the MCD in December 2000. The demolished portion was re­constructed   by   the   revisionist/complainant   for   safety   and   security reasons.     The   fact   of   reconstruction   in   similarly   placed   building   where demolition action was taken, was informed to  Hon'ble High Court  in the Ashok Sikka vs A. K. Nigam & ors.                                                                                                             Page no.    4 of 22 CR No. 8170 of 2016                                                                                                                                                        Writ Petition No. 6734/2000 by the MCD on 09.05.2007 and MCD assured Hon'ble High Court that action with regard to reconstructed portion of 21 properties, in which the demolition action was taken, would be taken again and would be completed within three weeks.

6. The   property   of   revisionist   was   therefore   demolished   on 23.05.2007. It is the case of the complainant/revisionist that his property was protected by Delhi Laws (Special Provisions) Act, 2006, which was passed   by   the   Parliament.   By   virtue   of   this   Act,   the   enforceability   of punitive   action,   under   the   relevant   provision   of   Delhi   Municipal Corporation   Act   1957,   was   put   in   abeyance   till   formulation   and implementation of policy for regularization of unauthorized colonies by the Government. 

7. The     revisionist/complainant   alleged   that   the   property   in question was in existence prior to the year 2000, therefore, by virtue of the Act of 2006, it was protected from any demolition even under any Court order, therefore, even the order of Hon'ble High Court dated 09.05.2007 was not enforceable in view of  Delhi Laws (Special Provisions) Act, 2006.

8. Further   allegation   of   revisionist/complainant   is   that   on 20.05.2007, R. P. Meena (R­6), Anil Kumar (R­7) and Sunil Dawar (R­8) came to his house and demanded extortion money of Rs five lacs and Ashok Sikka vs A. K. Nigam & ors.                                                                                                             Page no.    5 of 22 CR No. 8170 of 2016                                                                                                                                                        threatened him that if the amount is not paid, they will demolish the house in entirety.  The revisionist/complainant did not pay the amount and all the arrayed   accused,   enlisted   the   complainant's   house   for   complete demolition   in   the   meeting   held   on   22.05.2007   in   the   Office   of Commissioner of MCD for taking action against 21 properties pursuant to the order dated 09.05.2007 passed by Delhi High Court. It was alleged that   all   the   arrayed   accused   entered   into   a   criminal   conspiracy   for demolition of the house of the complainant and even the Chief Law Officer endorsed the idea of complete demolition without making any objection that property was protected by the   Delhi Laws (Special Provisions) Act 2006. 

9. Thus,   the   revisionist/complainant   alleged   in   the   complaint that all the accused committed the offences punishable u/s 217, 218, 219, 341, 342, 379, 380,384, 427, 448, 452 and 120­B IPC

10. It   is   further   alleged   that   J.   S.   Yadav   (R­9)   had   filed   his affidavit   in   the   Delhi   High   Court   on   17.04.2012   in   Writ   Petition   No. 1558/2011wherein he falsely stated that the property in question was not protected   under   the   Delhi   Laws   (Special   Provisions)   Act   2006,   and thereby he committed the offence punishable u/s 219 IPC.

Ashok Sikka vs A. K. Nigam & ors.                                                                                                             Page no.    6 of 22 CR No. 8170 of 2016                                                                                                                                                       

11. It   is   further   stated   in   the   complaint   that   MCD   was   not authorized   to   demolish   the   house   of   the   complainant,   pursuant   to   the order dated  09.05.2007  of Hon'ble  High  Court and  if, in  any case,  the demolition was to take place, only the reconstructed portion of the front canopy   and   portion   beneath   could   have   been   demolished.   The complainant/revisionist   referred   to   the   Report   of   the   Committee   of   the Court   Commissioners   dated   23.01.2001,   which   was   constituted   by Hon'ble High Court in Writ Petition No. 6734/2000, wherein it is stated that only the front canopy and structure beneath of the house B­5 have been demolished. It is further submitted that it has also come in the affidavit of S. K. Jha, Deputy Commissioner of South, MCD (R­3) in Writ Petition No. 6734/2000 in February 2007 that property is constructed at ground floor and first floor and is an old occupied property. It was submitted in the complaint that despite the fact that property was protected under the Delhi Laws   (Special   Provisions)   Act,   2006  Act   and   MCD   issued   Notices   u/s 343,344,345 of DMC Act dated 22.02.2007, which were duly replied and the order was reserved on 16.04.2007. However, vide the office note of MCD dated 22.05.2007, the Notice proceedings u/s 343344 and  345 of DMC Act were arbitrarily waived off and demolition action was initiated against   the   property   of   the   complainant.   This   waiver   of   Notice   is   in Ashok Sikka vs A. K. Nigam & ors.                                                                                                             Page no.    7 of 22 CR No. 8170 of 2016                                                                                                                                                        violation of the provisions of Delhi Municipal Corporation Act, 1957.

12. It   is   alleged   that   all   the   arrayed   proposed  accused   have abused their position for extortion of money  and abused the process of law. It is further submitted that MCD officials were themselves allowing the fresh   construction   in   the   area   of   Sainik   Farm   and   MCD   officilas   have taken   selective   action   against   complainant/revisionist   while   some   other properties,   which   were   listed   for   complete   demolition   have   not   been touched. 

13. In the background of these facts the Criminal complaint was filed. The application moved u/s 156 (3) Cr. PC, alongwith complaint was dismissed by Learned Metropolitan Magistrate on 28.11.2013. Thereafter, the complainant has examined seven witnesses (CW­1 to CW­7) and after hearing arguments, Learned Metropolitan Magistrate, vide the impugned order, has dismissed the complaint, except for the offence punishable u/s 219 IPC, for which he gave direction to return the complaint u/s 201 Cr. PC. 

14. In   response   to   the   Notice,   issued   to   all   the   respondents, Learned   counsels  for  respondents  appeared   and   made   submissions.  It was submitted that the demolition action was taken as per the direction of Hon'ble High Court. It was submitted that the property of the revisionist Ashok Sikka vs A. K. Nigam & ors.                                                                                                             Page no.    8 of 22 CR No. 8170 of 2016                                                                                                                                                        was liable for demolition   in the year 2000,   pursuant to the direction of Hon'ble High Court and it was partially demolished as well. However, the revisionist/complainant had reconstructed the building. The matter when came up before Hon'ble High Court, after Inspection Report submitted by the Committee, further directions were issued to take action against 21 properties which were identified, in which unauthorized construction and reconstruction   have   been   raised.   It   was   submitted   that   the revisionist/complainant has approached the Court of Learned Metropolitan Magistrate after seven years of the incident without explaining the delay in approaching the Court. It was submitted that the revisionist/complainant had filed a Writ Petition in Hon'ble High Court, which has been Dismissed as Withdrawn. Apart  from  that  a Civil  Suit was also filed on  the same grounds before Hon'ble High Court. It is further submitted that no offence is made out against the respondents and they all were public servant and action taken by the officials of MCD is in discharge of their public function and in compliance of the direction of Hon'ble High Court. It is submitted that no criminality  can be attached to the actions of MCD officials arrayed as respondents herein.  Not  only that  sanction  u/s 197  Cr. PC  has not been taken before filing the Criminal complaint against public servant, the respondents   are   also   protected   by   Section   477   of   the   Delhi   Municipal Ashok Sikka vs A. K. Nigam & ors.                                                                                                             Page no.    9 of 22 CR No. 8170 of 2016                                                                                                                                                        Corporation Act 1957. With regard to  Delhi Laws (Special Provisions) Act, 2006, it was submitted that this Act came into force on 19.05.2006 and lapsed on 19.05.2007. Thus, there was no moratorium on action against unauthorized construction, till December 2007, when an Ordinance was promulgated. 

15. It is submitted that there is no illegality in the impugned order passed   by   Learned   Metropolitan   Magistrate   and   Revision   Petition therefore, should be dismissed.

16. On   behalf   of   revisionist,   who   has   also   filed   written submissions, it has been submitted that Learned Metropolitan Magistrate has   wrongly   held   that   cognizance   of   the   offences   u/s   166,   167, 341,342,427,448,217,218,379,417 and 384 IPC is barred by limitation. It was   submitted   that   Learned   Metropolitan   Magistrate   has   held   vide   the impugned order that Section 219 IPC is made out, but since this offence has   been   committed   beyond   his   territorial   jurisdiction,   he   cannot   take cognizance   of   the   same.   It   was   submitted   that   Learned   Metropolitan Magistrate   has   ignored   the   Section   468   (3)   Cr.   PC,   which  interalia provides that the period of limitation in relation to offences which may be tried together, shall be determined with reference to the offence which is punishable   with   the   more   severe   punishment.   It   was   submitted   that Ashok Sikka vs A. K. Nigam & ors.                                                                                                             Page no.    10 of 22 CR No. 8170 of 2016                                                                                                                                                        punishment u/s 219 IPC is seven years, therefore, the limitation for three years will not be applicable and for the rest of the offences, therefore, Learned   Metropolitan   Magistrate   should   have   taken   the   cognizance   for other   offences   alongwith   Section   219   IPC.   It   was   also   submitted   that Learned Metropolitan Magistrate had jurisdiction to take cognizance for the offence under Section 219 IPC as well.  

17. It was submitted that Section 166 IPC is made out against the arrayed accused, who are public servants. It was submitted that the property   of   the   revisionist   was   well   protected   by   Delhi   Laws   (Special Provisions) Act, 2006 and by taking demolition action in violation of this Act of 2006, they have committed offence u/s 166 IPC. It was submitted that   Section   427   IPC   is   also   made   out   as   wrongful   destruction   of   the property   of   the   revisionist   has   been   caused   by   the   act   of   the   arrayed respondents. It is submitted that they also  committed criminal trespass after preparing   causing wrongful restraint. Revisionist also insisted that offence of forgery is made out against the arrayed respondents as they have filed the false report. 

18. I have considered the facts and circumstances of the case and perused the Trial Court Record.

Ashok Sikka vs A. K. Nigam & ors.                                                                                                             Page no.    11 of 22 CR No. 8170 of 2016                                                                                                                                                       

19. The grievance of the revisionist is that his property has been chosen for demolition by the MCD officials, while other properties similarly placed, were not even touched. The second basis of his grievance is that his property was protected by Delhi Laws (Special Provisions) Act, 2006, and despite the said Act, his property has been demolished. His further grievance is that to cover up these acts, MCD officials have placed false evidence/statements   before   Hon'ble   High   Court.   His   reference   is   to affidavit filed by J. S. Yadav (R­9) in  Writ Petition   no. 1558/2011 which has been filed by the petitioner titled as "Ashok Sikka vs Commissioner of Delhi Police & others".   His further grievance is that all the respondents, which included the then Commissioner of the MCD, conspired together to extort money from him and they held a meeting on 21.05.2007 wherein they had taken the decision to demolish his property. It is put forward by the revisionist that R. P. Meena (R­6), Anil Kumar (R­7) and Sunil Dawar (R­8) had demanded money to spare his house from demolition and when it was not paid his property was demolished. 

20. It   is   not   disputed   that   property   of   the   revisionist   was unauthorized. It is situated in a posh colony of South Delhi in Sainik Farm, which   itself   is   an   unauthorized   colony   and   has  been   subject   matter   of number of petitions before Hon'ble High Court where modalities are being Ashok Sikka vs A. K. Nigam & ors.                                                                                                             Page no.    12 of 22 CR No. 8170 of 2016                                                                                                                                                        find out to tackle menace of unauthorized construction in this colony. The documents   which   have   been   submitted   on   record   would   show   that Hon'ble High Court in petition titled as "Rajiv Malhotra vs Union of India & ors"   WP   ©   6734/2000   had   passed   order   for   demolition   of   certain properties.   The   property   number   B­5,   Sainik   Vihar   was   one   of   those identified   properties   and   a   demolition   action   was   taken   against   those properties. Subsequent  to the demolition action, a Report was prepared by the Committee consisting of Rakesh Tikku, S. K. Jain, Rajesh Awasthi and Ashok Mahajan, which was constituted by Hon'ble High Court. This Committee submitted a Report on 23.01.2001, in terms of the order dated 12.01.2001 passed by Hon'ble High Court. As per this Report, the front canopy and the structure beneath in the property no. B­5, Lane 14, Vinod Complex, Sainik Vihar was demolished. In the same Report, it is seen that property no. 11­C, J­12 and 501/12A were completely demolished. While number of other properties were partially demolished and the Committee observed that, houses which have been demolished, have been chosen selectively   without   any   basis.   This   Report,   thus,   reflected   that   MCD officials   were   not   consistent   in   their   action   and,   why   they   have   not demolished  the   property  B­5,   Sainik  Vihar  completely  like   P.  No   11­C, J­12 and 501/12A and simply done a cosmetic demolition by demolishing Ashok Sikka vs A. K. Nigam & ors.                                                                                                             Page no.    13 of 22 CR No. 8170 of 2016                                                                                                                                                        front canopy and  structure  beneath, nobody  is explaining to  the  Court. Even the revisionist has not come out with the complete facts to explain in what circumstances, his property was only partially demolished   when it was listed among the properties for demolition action. 

21. In  the  same  Writ Petition No. 6847/2000, an  affidavit was submitted   by   S.   K.   Jha,   Deputy   Commissioner,   South   Zone   (R­3)   in February 2007. In this affidavit, he gave the status of the properties which were listed for demolition, as per order dated 12.01.2001 of Hon'ble High Court. It is mentioned in this affidavit in Clause­5 (XXIII) that this property constructed at ground floor and first floor and is an old occupied property and during inspection, no construction was seen in progress. Hon'ble High Court in same WP (C) 6734/200 passed an order on 09.05.2007 wherein, the submission of Sh. Sabharwal, Senior Advocate on behalf of MCD was recorded,   wherein   he   stated   that   action   is   being   taken   against   21 properties where reconstruction has taken place, after demolition of the unauthorized   construction   and   that   appropriate   action   for   demolition   of such reconstruction shall be taken within three weeks. Hon'ble High Court took a serious view and directed the Municipal Commissioner to inform how unauthorized constructions have been raised, once the construction was   demolished.   The   MCD   was   directed   to   file   Action   Taken   Report Ashok Sikka vs A. K. Nigam & ors.                                                                                                             Page no.    14 of 22 CR No. 8170 of 2016                                                                                                                                                        (ATR)   on   the   direction   issued   in   the   order.   Pursuant   to   the   order   of Hon'ble High Court, a meeting took place with Commissioner, MCD on 21.05.2007. Office note dated 22.05.2007 record the decision taken in the meeting and it was decided to take action against 23 properties, some of which   were   to   be   demolished   completely   and   the   property   of   the revisionist   was   one   of   them.   This   office   note   was   sent   to   Chief   Law Officer,   who   had   discussion   with   Sh.   Anoop   Bagai,   Sh.   Sanjiv   Kumar Sabharwal, and Sh. Rajesh Awasthi, who advised to take action as per the order of Hon'ble High Court regarding demolition action to be taken qua   the   properties   in   question.   Pursuant   to   this,   the   action   has   been taken. It is pertinent to note that action of the demolition action taken on 23.05.2007 qua the property in question was as per legal advise given by the Chief Law Officer, Standing Counsel of MCD and Sh. Rajesh Awasthi, Sh. Anoop Bagai, Amicus Curiae appointed by Hon'ble High Court in the Writ   Petition.   Office   note   of   MCD   dated   29.05.2007   mentioned   about action   which   was   taken   against   21   unauthorized   properties   of   Sainik Farm, against which the action was taken in the year 2001, which have been   found   reconstructed.   It   is   mentioned   in   this   note   that   demolition action was again taken qua the property no. J­12, B­5 (property of the revisionist),   501/12A,   Sainik   Farm   and   these   properties   have   been Ashok Sikka vs A. K. Nigam & ors.                                                                                                             Page no.    15 of 22 CR No. 8170 of 2016                                                                                                                                                        completely demolished. 

22. Thus, the demolition of property of the revisionist has taken place in the background of above facts. He has examined witnesses in his favour to show that revisionist has been residing in the property alongwith his  family  since   2000.  However,  this  issue   was  not  in  dispute   that  the revisionist is residing in the house since 2000. The issue which Learned Metropolitan Magistrate had to consider was whether in the given facts and   circumstances,   in   which   the   property   of   the   revisionist   was demolished, the respondents, who are MCD official, have committed any criminal   act/offence.   The   revisionist   claimed   that   they   have   committed various offences under the law and they should have been summoned by the Court. 

23. Learned   Metropolitan   Magistrate   has   declined   to   take cognizance   of   offences   punishable   u/s   342,167,166, 341,427,448,217,218,379,417   and   384   IPC   on   the   ground   that   the complaint qua these offences has been filed after more than three years without seeking condonation of delay. 

24. So far as the offence punishable u/s 193,199 and 200 IPC are   concerned,   he   has   rightly   held   that   to   take   cognizance   of   these offences, a complaint from the concerned Court is required. 

Ashok Sikka vs A. K. Nigam & ors.                                                                                                             Page no.    16 of 22 CR No. 8170 of 2016                                                                                                                                                       

25. During arguments before Learned Metropolitan Magistrate, it was submitted that the offences punishable u/s 452,455,420,468 and 466 IPC are also made out. Learned Metropolitan Magistrate has discussed and opined that the offences punishable u/s 420468455452 and 380 IPC are not made out. I have found no reason to disagree with the opinion expressed  by Learned  Metropolitan  Magistrate.  The  impugned  order to that extent does not suffer from any illegality or irregularity. 

26. Learned Metropolitan Magistrate has observed that affidavit, alleged  to be containing  false statement, was filed in the Hon'ble  High Court by J. S. Yadav (R­9), therefore, he has no territorial jurisdiction to deal with the matter. This observation of Learned Metropolitan Magistrate is confined to the commission of offence punishable u/s 219 IPC, which provides;  

Section   219   IPC:­  "Whoever,   being   a   public   servant,   corruptly   or maliciously makes or pronounces in any stage of a judicial proceeding, any report, order, verdict, or decision which he knows to be contrary to law, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, or with fine, or with both." 

27. However, the perusal of Section 219 IPC shows that it is not attracted in the present case. It provides punishment for a public servant, Ashok Sikka vs A. K. Nigam & ors.                                                                                                             Page no.    17 of 22 CR No. 8170 of 2016                                                                                                                                                        who   make   or   pronounce   any   'report',   'order',   'verdict'   or   'decision', which   is   contrary   to   law.   This   offence   envisages   making   of   a   report, pronouncing of an order, verdict or a decision by a public servant in a judicial proceeding. Public servant can pass order, verdict or decision in a judicial proceeding when those proceedings are held by him. The word "making of report"  has to be read as ejus­dem­generis with  the words 'order', 'verdict' or 'decision'. So the preparation of report, order, verdict or decision, which is contrary to law should be in a judicial proceeding, which is held by the public servant. 

28. In the present case, the revisionist has alleged that affidavit filed   by   J.   S.   Yadav   (R­9)  before   Hon'ble   High   Court  contained   wrong facts. Perusal of this affidavit shows that in paragraph 5, it is mentioned that MCD had decided to demolish portion, which has been reconstructed; in paragraph 8, it is stated that a uniform action was taken in support of 21 properties where demolition portion was reconstructed and in paragraph 9, it is stated that   Delhi Laws (Special  Provisions) Act, 2006  was not applicable in the case. This affidavit has been filed before Hon'ble High Court in Writ Petition (Criminal) 1558/2011, which has been filed by the revisionist.  Even  if  the  facts  stated  in   the   affidavit  are   found  to   be  not correct, still the Section 219 IPC will not be attracted because it is neither Ashok Sikka vs A. K. Nigam & ors.                                                                                                             Page no.    18 of 22 CR No. 8170 of 2016                                                                                                                                                        an order nor a verdict nor a decision or a report prepared by a public servant in judicial proceeding held by him. If these facts are stated to be false and mentioned in the affidavit intentionally, then Section 193 IPC could be attracted for which complaint of the concerned Court is required in term of Section 195 Cr. PC.  

29. Now, the issue which Learned Metropolitan Magistrate had to decide whether offences, as alleged in the complaint, were made out or not. A Revisional Court will look for any illegality, irregularity in the order which   is  under   challenge.   Therefore,   Revisional   Court  revisit   facts   and circumstances to ascertain whether there is any illegality, irregularity or perversity in the order of lower Court. However, this will be possible only when an opinion has been given by the Magistrate on a particular issue. In   the   present   case,   Learned   Metropolitan   has   declined   to   take cognizance in number of offences only on the ground that the cognizance of those offences is barred by limitation and delay is not explained.  

30. The  legality of  this part  of the   order has to  be  seen. The provisions u/s 468 Cr. PC put a bar on taking cognizance  of the offences, after the expiry of the period of limitation. The direction in u/s 468 Cr. PC are   mandatory   and   it   specifically     says   that   no   Court   "shall"   take cognizance of an offence. Section 473 Cr. PC provides that Court may Ashok Sikka vs A. K. Nigam & ors.                                                                                                             Page no.    19 of 22 CR No. 8170 of 2016                                                                                                                                                        take cognizance of an offence after the expiry of period of limitation, if the "delay has been properly explained" or that "it is necessary so to do in   the   interest   of   justice".   Therefore,   there   are   two   grounds   for condonation   of   delay.   Firstly,   when   the   delay   has   been   explained   and secondly, when the Court is of the view that it is necessary to condone the delay  in  the  interest of  justice.  The   use   of the  disjunctive  word  "or" in Section 473 Cr. PC would convey that both these grounds are mutually exclusive. The first ground envisage a prayer by complainant or State for condonation   of   delay   by   showing   sufficient   cause   for   delay   to   the satisfaction of the Court. The second part vest a jurisdiction and discretion in   the   Court   to   condone   the   delay,   if   the   Court   is   satisfied,   that   it   is necessary   to   condone   delay  in   interest   of  justice.   So   declining   to   take cognizance   on   ground   of limitation  without  recording  satisfaction  that  it was not fit case for condonation of delay, is not proper. It has been held by Hon'ble  Supreme  Court  in  the  case  of "Vanka  Radhamanohari  vs Vanka Venkata Reddy (1993) 3 SCC 4 that;

"In   view   of   Section   473   Cr.   PC,   a   Court   can   take cognizance of an offence not only when it is satisfied on the facts and in the circumstances of the case that the   delay   has   been   properly   explained,   but   even   in Ashok Sikka vs A. K. Nigam & ors.                                                                                                             Page no.    20 of 22 CR No. 8170 of 2016                                                                                                                                                        absence of proper explanation if the Court is satisfied that   it   is   necessary   so   to   do   in   the   interests   of justice" 

31. Moreover, Learned Metropolitan Magistrate in the impugned order has simply  declined to take cognizance of certain offences but his order is silent whether in his opinion these offences are made out or not. The Revisional Court cannot substitute its opinion with that of Magistrate but there has to be "finding" given by the Magistrate based on the facts and circumstances of the case, the legality, correctness or propriety of which can be seen by the Revisional Court. Impugned order is completely silent whether the offences for which the cognizance was declined being barred   by   limitation   were   made   out   or   not.   Moreover,   the   respondents arrayed as accused are all "public servant". The impugned order is also silent about issue of Sanction under Section 197 Cr. PC. 

32. Therefore,   I   consider   it   in   the   interest   of   justice   and appropriate in the facts and circumstances of the case to remand the case back to Learned Metropolitan Magistrate­03 to give his finding with regard to the offences for which he has declined to take cognizance for want of limitation in the same manner as he has given his opinion with regard to other offences which  were invoked by the complainant. It is not out of Ashok Sikka vs A. K. Nigam & ors.                                                                                                             Page no.    21 of 22 CR No. 8170 of 2016                                                                                                                                                        place to mention that law of limitation simply bars the remedy and does not   extinguish   the   right.   Therefore,   it   was   necessary   for   Learned Metropolitan Magistrate to give a finding whether an offences qua which cognizance has been declined in the present case, were made out or not.

33. With   these   observations,   present   Revision   Petition   stands allowed   to   the   extent   that   Learned   Metropolitan   Magistrate­03,   District South,   Saket   will   hear   the   submissions   of   Learned   counsel   for   the revisionist afresh and pass speaking order with regard to the offences u/s 342,167,166,341,427,448,217,218,379,417 & 384 IPC qua which he had declined   to   take   cognizance   for   being   barred   by   limitation   and   also consider whether Section 197 Cr. PC is attracted in the case or not. 

34. Trial Court Record be sent back to the Trial Court concerned alongwith copy of this order for perusal and compliance  for 02.12.2016. The revisionist shall appear before the concerned Court.   

35. Revision file be consigned to record room, after compliance of all other necessary formalities.

(announced in the                                                                                                 (Ajay Kumar Kuhar)
open Court on                                                                                                 ASJ/Special Judge (NDPS)
24th November 2016)                                                                                               South District: Saket   




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