Kerala High Court
K.N.Unnikrishnan vs Cochin Port Trust on 31 January, 2020
Author: S. Manikumar
Bench: S.Manikumar, Shaji P.Chaly
IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM
PRESENT
THE HONOURABLE THE CHIEF JUSTICE MR.S.MANIKUMAR
&
THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE SHAJI P.CHALY
FRIDAY, THE 31ST DAY OF JANUARY 2020 / 11TH MAGHA, 1941
WP(C).No.32389 OF 2011(S)
PETITIONER/S:
K.N.UNNIKRISHNAN, S/O. C.A. NARAYANAN,
AGED 50 YEARS,RESIDING AT KEZHUPPILLIL HOUSE,,
K.P.VALLOVAN ROAD,KADAVANTHRA ,KOCHI 682 020.
BY ADVS.
SRI.V.J.MATHEW (SR.)
SRI.BIJISH B.TOM
SMT.GISS ANTONY
SRI.VIPIN P.VARGHESE
RESPONDENT/S:
1 COCHIN PORT TRUST, W/ISLAND,
COCHIN 682 009, REPRESENTED BY ITS CHAIRMAN.
2 INDIA GATEWAY PVT. LTD., D.P.WORLD
INTERNATIONAL CONTAINER TRANSHIPMENT TERMINAL,,
(ICTT),KOCHI 682 504,REPRESENTED BY ITS CHIEF EXECUTIVE
OFFICER.
3 COMMISSIONER OF CUSTOMS, CUSTOMS HOUSE
W/ISLAND, COCHIN 682 009.
4 COMMANDANTCENTRAL INDUSTRIAL SECURITY
FORCE (CISF),COCHIN PORT TRUST,COCHIN 682 009.
5 CORPORATION OF COCHIN, PARK AVENUE
COCHIN 682 011, REPRESENTED BY ITS SECRETARY - 682 011.
6 UNION OF INDIA REPRESENTED BY ITS
SECRETARY,(MINISTRY OF SHIPPING ),NEW DELHI - 110 001.
7 STATE OF KERALAREPRESENTED BY ITS
CHIEF SECRETARY,SECRETARIAT,THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, 695
001.
W.P.(C). No. 32389 OF 2011
-2-
ADDITIONAL RESPONDENTS 8 & 9 ARE IMPLEADED:
8 MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FOREST
REPRESENTED BY ITS SECRETARY, PARYAVARAN BHAWAN, CGO
COMPLEX, LODHI ROAD, NEW DELHI -110 003.
9 CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
REPRESENTED BY ITS CHAIRMAN, PARIVESH BHAWAN, CBD-CUM-
OFFICE COMPLEX, EAST ARJUN NAGAR, DELHI -110 032.
(ADDL.R8 & R9 ARE IMPLEADED VIDE ORDER DATED 14.02.2012 IN
I.A. NO. 663/2012)
ADDL. R10 IS IMPLEADED:
10
PORT HEALTH OFFICER,
PORT HEALTH ORGANISATION, COCHIN PORT, WILLINGTON ISLAND,
KOCHI-682 003.
IS SUO MOTU IMPLEADED AS ADDITIONAL RESPONDENT NO.10 VIDE
ORDER DATED 17/03/2015 IN WPC.
R1 BY ADV. SRI.K.ANAND (SR.)
R1 BY ADV. SHRI M.S.VINEETH CGC
R1 BY ADV. SMT.LATHA KRISHNAN
R2 BY ADV. SRI.E.K.NANDAKUMAR (SR.)
R2 BY ADV. SRI.M.GOPIKRISHNAN NAMBIAR
R2 BY ADV. SRI.P.GOPINATH (SR.)
R2 BY ADV. SRI.K.JOHN MATHAI
R2 BY ADV. SRI.P.BENNY THOMAS
R3 BY ADV. SMT.A.SREEKALA, SC, CENTRAL BOARD OF EXCISE &
CUSTOMS
R3, R6 BY ADV. SRI.P.VIJAYAKUMAR
R4, R6 BY SRI.T.SANJAY, CGC
R5 BY ADV. SRI.BABU KARUKAPADATH,SC,COCHIN CORPORATION
R7 BY SRI. SURIN GEORGE IPE, GOVERNMENT PLEADER
THIS WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) HAVING BEEN FINALLY HEARD ON 30-01-2020,
THE COURT ON THE SAME DAY DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING:
W.P.(C) No. 32389/2011 :3:
Dated this the 31ST day of January, 2020.
JUDGMENT
S. Manikumar, CJ The petitioner has filed the instant writ petition with the following prayers:
1. Issue a writ of mandamus or any other writ, direction or order commanding the respondents to take immediate steps to stop/prevent dumping of sewage/toilet waste/garbage waste discharged from the vessels calling at Cochin Port/Outer anchorage/Vallarpadam International Transhipment Container Terminal/Port Waters/Single Point Mooring.
2. Issue a writ of mandamus or any other writ, direction or order commanding the respondents 1 and 2 to take immediate steps to protect the environment and the lives of the people by providing proper incineration plant for disposal of sewage/toilet waste/garbage waste discharged from the vessels calling at Cochin Port/Outer anchorage/Vallarpadam International Transhipment Container Terminal/Port Waters/Single Point Mooring.
3. Issue appropriate writ, direction or order directing the respondent 1 and 2 to stop the discharge/import of any kind of wastes including sewage/toilet waste/garbage waste from the vessels calling at Cochin Port/Outer Anchorage/Vallarpadam International Transhipment Container Terminal/Port Waters/Single Point Mooring.
2. This Court, by interim order dated 07.01.2015, directed the Port Health Officer of Cochin Port to personally inspect and make an assessment of the facilities and deficits regarding the issue and to file a report in that W.P.(C) No. 32389/2011 :4: regard. Pursuant to the same, additional respondent No. 10, Port Health Officer, Cochin Port, has filed an affidavit along with Ext.R10-A report incorporating the detailed assessment of facilities and deficits regarding the management of waste at Cochin Seaport. The aforesaid report reads thus:
"Based on W.P.(C) No. 32381 of 2011 filed by Shri. K.N. Unnikrishnan, the Hon'ble High Court of Kerala in its judgment has directed the Port Health Officer of Cochin Seaport to make an assessment of the facilities and deficit regarding the management of waste at Cochin Seaport. Hence, this report.
Pollution of the Marine Environment can have serious biological and economic impact. In recognition of these harms, the International Maritime Organisation adopted MARPOL 73/78 Annex V to prevent pollution from ships garbage.
India, being a signatory to International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL), with the objective of reducing and ultimately ending International Pollution of the Marine Environment by Ships is bound by the rules to provide Port reception facility to dispose off ships residues/wastes ashore Cochin Port, where both the Ship owners /operators and Port reception operators have to comply with MARPOL Convention.W.P.(C) No. 32389/2011 :5:
MARPOL Guidelines states that for ships greater than 100 gross tonnage or certified to carry 15 persons or more, information regarding on board management of garbage is to be included in the Garbage Management Plan.
The main international convention is MARPOL Annex V, Prevention Pollution by Garbage from Ships. The Annex:
1. Totally prohibits the disposal of plastics anywhere into the sea.
2. Specifies the distances from land and the manner in which food waste and Soot water may be disposed off.
3. Prohibits discharges of other garbage from ships into coastal waters and special areas.
4. Obliges Governments to ensure the provision of reception facilities at ports and terminals for the reception of garbage.
5. Requires ships to carry a Garbage Management Plan and Garbage Logbook, and to display placards notifying the crew and passengers of the ship's disposal requirements.
Advance planning and good waste management plan/strategies should be incorporated by the shipping companies to ensure minimizing delays, unexpected cost and improve Environmental Management Practices.
To complement residue/waste minimization and waste management practices on board the ship, the shipping industry needs adequate Port reception facility which could be any fixed, floating or mobile facility capable of receiving MARPOL wastes/residues from ships.
Discharge is defined in MARPOL as any release from W.P.(C) No. 32389/2011 :6: ships and includes escape, disposal, spilling, leaking, pumping, emitting or emptying.
Garbage is defined in MARPOL Annex V, as all kind of victual domestic and operational waste generated during normal operation of the ship and viable to be disposed off continuously or periodically except those substances which are defined or listed in present MARPOL Convention outside Annex V. At Sea Garbage Disposal Restriction Garbage Type Outside Special Areas In Special Areas Plastics Prohibited Prohibited Floating Garbage Prohibited Prohibited Soot Water >12 Nautical Miles Prohibited Other Garbage Not Ground Prohibited Prohibited or Comminuted Ground or Comminuted Prohibited Prohibited Other Garbage Food Waste Not Ground or >12Nautical Miles Prohibited Comminuted Ground or Comminuted >3Nautical Miles >12 Nautical Miles Food Waste 1 Nautical Mile = 1.852 km or 1852 mtrs or 6,076 feet or 0.6214 miles.
In addition to the basic rules in the MARPOL, Individual countries have implemented national and regional requirements which is binding on the ship operators and which the countries have to maintain and update on regular basis, the current and accurate information regarding the facilities.
Minimizing the residue /waste generate on board the W.P.(C) No. 32389/2011 :7: ships is an environmental best and safe practice and this can be done by
1. Carefully plan garbage management and ensure optimal efficiency and compliance with regulations.
2. Minimization garbage generation at the source.
3. Use recyclable materials wherever possible.
4. Buy environmentally friendly products whenever possible.
5. Land garbage at shore reception facilities as much as possible to help minimize garbage disposal at sea as much as possible.
More than 46000 commercial vessels-tankers, bulk carriers, container ships, barges and passenger ship travel the oceans carrying cargo and passengers for commerce, transport and recreation. Passenger ships, ferries and cruise ships account for 12% the world's shipping fleet.
During a typical one week voyage, a cruise passenger ship with 3000 persons generates 2,10,000 (7,90,000 L) gallon of sewage, 1 million gallon (3800 m 2) of grey water 130 gallon (490 L) of hazardous waste, 8 tons of solid waste and 25,000 gallon (95 m3) of oily bridge water. Cruise ships represent a small but highly visible part of the entire shopping industry and the waste they generate is of greater concern relative to other sea going vessels because of the large number of passengers and crew the cruise ship carry and the large volume of waste they generate. They concentrate their activities in specific coastal areas and visit the same ports repeatedly therefore their cumulative impact on local scale is W.P.(C) No. 32389/2011 :8: huge and can impact because of large volume releases.
The various type of waste generated by shipping industry are as follows:
Bilge Water Oil which leaks from engine and machinery or from engine maintenance activities mixes with water in the bilge (bilge is the lowest part of the hull of the ship). Oil, gasoline and byproducts from the biological breakdown of petroleum products can harm fish and can kill first or have sub-lethal chronic effects on marine life. Bilge water may also contain solid waters and pollutants containing higher amount of oxygen demanding materials, oil and other chemicals. A large cruise ship can generate an average of 8 MT of oily bilge water for each 24 hours of operation. To maintain ship stability and eliminate potentially hazardous conditions from oil vapours, the bilge spaces need to be flushed and periodically pumped dry. Before the bilge can be cleared out and water discharged the accumulated oil needs to be extracted from bilge water after which the extracted oil can be reused, incinerated or offloaded in Port.
Oil or oily mixture should pass through 15 ppm oil water separator and can be discharged beyond 19 km or 12 mils while proceeding enroute if the oil content without dilution is less than 100 ppm. Vessels are required to maintain an oil record book to record disposal of oily residues and discharges over board or disposal of bilge water. Grey Water Grey water is not defined as pollutant nor is considered W.P.(C) No. 32389/2011 :9: to be sewage. Grey water is waste water from sinks, showers, galleys, laundry and cleaning activities aboard the ship. It can contain a variety of pollutant substances including fecal coilforms, detergents, oil, grease, metals, organic compounds, petroleum microcarbons, nutrients, food wastes, medical and dental wastes. It is the largest source of liquid waste generated by cruise ships (90-95% of total). A person per day provides for 110-320 litres of Grey water per day and a 3000 persons Cruise ships can discharge 3,30,000 to 9,60,000 litrs/day. Black Water/Sewage Black water is sewage, waste water from toilets and medical facilities which contain harmful bacteria, viruses, pathogens, intestinal parasites and harmful nutrients. Discharge of untreated sewage can cause bacterial and viral contamination of fisheries, sea bed and also producing risk to Public Health and also destroy other aquatic life. A large cruise ship with 3000 capacity can generate 55000 to 1,10,000 litres of black water/day. Due to this environmental impact of shipping and sewage in particular, MARPOL Annex IV which came into force in September 2003 strictly limited untreated sewage discharge into the sea. Modern Cruise Vessels are installed with membrane produces near drinkable quality effluent which can be reused in washing the ships and can be carried in ballast.
Sewage discharge is prohibited within 5 km from shore. Sewage discharge should be treated in septic treatment plant and can be discharged between 5 km and 19 km from shore, Sewage discharges must be treated by maceration or W.P.(C) No. 32389/2011 : 10 : chlorination. For sewage discharge beyond 19 km from shore, there is no restriction.
Solid Wastes Solid wastes generated on ship includes glass, papers, card board, aluminum and steel cans and plastics which can be hazardous or non hazardous in nature. Solid waste that enters the sea may become marine debris and can then pose a threat to marine organisms, human and industries that uses marine resources. Ship manages solid wastes by combination of source reduction, waste minimization and recycling. 75% of the solid waste generated is incinerated on board the cruise ship and the resultant ash discharged into sea or landed ashore for disposal or for recycling. Each cruise ship generates on an average 2 pounds of non-hazardous solid wastes/day. It has been estimated that 24% of the solid waste generated by vessels world wide comes from cruise ships. Ballast Water Ballast Water Discharge from the ships can have negative impact on marine environment. Cruise ships, large tankers and bulk cargo carriers use huge amount of ballast water which is taken from coastal water in one region after ships discharge waste water or unload cargo and discharged at the next Port of Call. Whenever more cargo is loaded ballast water which is released may contain a variety of plants, animals, viruses and bacteria which are alien to that area and may be non-native, nuisance, invasive, exotic species that can cause extensive ecological and economic damage to the acquatic ecosystem along with serious human health problems.W.P.(C) No. 32389/2011 : 11 :
MARPOL Convention is applicable to all vessels of any type operating in marine environment from merchant ship to fixed or floating platform to noncommercial ships like Yacht and pleasure crafts.
Cochin Port Trust has approximately 863.755 hectares of land in Willingdon Island (385.82 ha) Bolghatty (16.670 Ha) Vallarpadam (163.637 Ha) Puthuvype (308.552 Ha) and others. These are the main centres where Port activities are centered.
Cochin Port in Willington Island has W.P.(C) No. 32389/2011 : 12 : Cochin Port in Willington Island has W.P.(C) No. 32389/2011 : 13 : The Distribution of the Vessels visiting Cochin Seaport in the past 10 years shows that the ships visiting the Cochin Seaport is on the rise, more so the number of cruise vessels which visited Cochin Seaport. The number of Cruise vessels was 20 in the year 2004-2005 and has increased to 35-40-45 cruise vessels over the years as also the container and cargo ships.
With the increase in traffic, the waste generated over the years has also increased as the figured below shows ● 2011 -100 Cu.m W.P.(C) No. 32389/2011 : 14 : ● 2012 - 100 Cu.m ● 2013 - 485 Cu.m ● 2014 - 855 Cu.m Cochin Port Trust Complex consists of offices, godowns, banks, hospitals, tank farms, hostels, railway station, police station and residential complexes. More than five thousand persons come to work in Willingdon Island. Therefore, the amount of waste generated in the island from the offices and residences if, taken into account would be enormous.
Cochin Port Trust has erected 90 Garbage bins in and around the Port as also many Portable Plastic bins. The Collection of Garbage is entrusted with a private contractor who collects garbage on daily basis from various locations in the island.
Cochin Port Trust has one acre of Sanitary landfill dedicated to garbage disposal from the Port in the area between Old Mattancherry bridge and New BOT bridge. All the waste generated in the Port area is brought by Trucks and deposited in the Sanitary Landfill.
The garbage generated from the Port area is mainly plastics wastes, plant wastes (leaves and branches), papers and old used rags and tyres. Most of the houses and buildings have septic tanks and soakage pit. Wastes from homes like leaves etc. are burnt and plastic and other wastes are dumped in the nearby garbage bins.
Hotels and Restaurants have their own Septic and Effluent Treatment Plants and their garbage (plastic and paper W.P.(C) No. 32389/2011 : 15 : wastes) are disposed off through contract with private garbage collectors and wet waters though contract with Cochin Corporation who collect the wastes on daily basis. Most of the hotels recycle their Grey water and use it for watering plants and washing purposes.
Cochin Port Trust Hospital dispose their biomedical waste which is segregated at site and disposed through 'IMAGE', the Biomedical waste disposal wing of Indian Medical Association. Wet wastes are treated in Effluent Treatment Plant and the kitchen waste is being used for Biogas Plant. Other wastes are disposed through the Sanitary section of Cochin Port Trust.
CISF Kitchen also disposes their Kitchen waste in the Biogas Plant constructed by Cochin Port Trust. Other wastes at the site are collected by Sanitary Section of Cochin Port Trust.
Cochin Port Trust has enlisted the Collection of garbage from ships to private garbage collectors who are granted yearly licence to collect both dry and wet wastes. E-wastes and battery wastes and items not specified in MARPOL Annex V are not collected (enclosed Annexures I to V). Each shipping agency have their own empanelled garbage collectors who collect the wastes from ships as and when they berth. The shipping agents receives communication about quantum of garbage to be received and disposed off at Cochin Port and the garbage collector is informed, who takes necessary permission from Marine Pollution Control Office, CISF and Customs.
W.P.(C) No. 32389/2011 : 16 :The Garbage discharges from ships is collected by small boat in the presence of CISF by the garbage collectors, Cochin Port Trust does not allow the garbage collected from ships to utilise their sanitary landfill. The garbage collectors takes their boat across to Mattanchery or Fortcochin where they have space for reception of garbage. Most of them have tied up with Cochin Corporation for disposal of wet wastes and the paper and plastic wastes are sold to recyclers.
Cochin Port Trust in October, 2012 had a Memorandum of understanding with Trident Hotel for treating Grey Water from Passenger Ships calling at Cochin Port. The Trident Hotel's Sewage Treatment Plant has 130 KLD Capacity and the Grey water thus treated is discharged into the drains of Cochin Port Trust. The biodegradable wastes and excess sludge is disposed through Biogas Plant.
The MOU is valid for 3 years from the date of MOU and will expire on October 11 th 2015. Hotel Trident have treated grey water of 1537 KL from ships as per terms and conditions of MOU till date.
Most of the ships dispose off their food waste in outer Sea as given in MARPOL Annex V (as given in page2). Deficiency in Garbage Collection in Cochin Port.
1. Cochin Port has not been able to develop its own garbage reception facility in the Port. MARPOL envisages all major ports to develop garbage reception facility which will help prevent pollution into the seas.
2. Garbage collected from the Port areas are not segregated at source as a result all the wastes are duped together in the W.P.(C) No. 32389/2011 : 17 : sanitary landfill. Most of the wastes are burnt. The waste, both dry and wet wastes continues to burn for days together polluting the atmosphere. Segregation at source by providing separate dust bins for plastic and food can help in recycling the wastes.
The landfill is not scientifically designed and well managed landfill. The landfill wastes are not covered with soil but is burnt. The landfils are also not turned regularly which can help in early decomposition of wastes.
3. Cochin Port has provided 90 garbage bins but the garbage bins provided are not at vantage positions. Shortage of bins is leading to vacant plots being utilised as garbage dumps. Wastes from these vacant plots are not cleared by the contractor. Also the wastes accumulated after sweeping are dumped on the sides of the roads or in the vacant plots.
4. Cochin Port also does not have incinerator which can burn solid organic waste and sludge from Grey/Sewage water. Incineration reduces the solid waste volume to 25 to 30% the Original volume. It could also be used to dispose certain hazardous wastes such as biomedical wastes, oil rags, sludge etc. Incineration can reduce the requirement for sanitary landfill where space is premium. Incineration facility can reduce the dependence put on garbage collectors for disposal of sludge and other materials.
5. Lot of construction wastes and other wastes are dumped illegally in Cochin Port area between New BOT bridge and Alex Parambithara bridge of which there is no account for. There is no adequate policing and close circuit cameras which W.P.(C) No. 32389/2011 : 18 : can catch the offenders who dump wastes in the Port area.
6. The hierarchy and staffing pattern of the Sanitation wing of Cochin Port as under.
Chief Engineer ↓ Superintendent Engineer ↓ Exe. Engineer (CM-I) ↓ Asst. Exe. Engineer (WS &S) ↓ Sanitary Inspector (2 Nos.) ↓ Sanitary Workers (42 Nos.) Cochin Port has only two posts of Sanitary Inspector for both Cochin Port and ICCTT Vallarpadom Port. Two posts of Sanitary Inspector is not sufficient to maintain Sanitary works pertaining to vast Cochin Port area which includes mosquito and vector surveillance, water inspection, food inspection etc. More posts should be created both for ICTT Vallarpadam and Cochin Port.
7. Cochin Port does not have a Sewage Treatment Plant for an area as large as Cochin Port. Most of the Sewage from residences, hotels and offices drains directly into the sea without undergoing treatment at Septic Treatment Plant. Conclusion All the ships have their own Garbage Management Plan and their wastes is segregated accordingly. All the cruise vessels calling at Cochin Port have their own Septic Treatment Plant in which most of the Effluents are treated and W.P.(C) No. 32389/2011 : 19 : discharged in outer sea or taken as ballast. The holding tanks are closed while in Cochin Port. The Cruise vessels also have incineration plant in which most of their noxious waste and solid sludge are incinerated and the residue disposed off in outer area. Wastes from the ships both dry and wet wastes are collected and taken away by garbage collectors according to the requirement of the ship. None of the ships dumps any of their wastes in Cochin Port waters and are disposed off according to MARPOL Annex V.
1) Cochin Port Trust has agreed to provide 0.50 acres of land free of cost for establishing a Septage Treatment Plant by Government of Kerala for which Government of Kerala has accorded sanction.
2) Cochin Port Trust board has allotted 1.00 acres of land to Cochin Chamber of Commerce and Industry for setting up of Waste Disposal cum Power Conservation Plant at SER area.
3) Cochin Port has prepared an Environmental Monitoring and Management Plan (EMMP) by an agency which has been approved by Cochin Port Trust board and Government of India under Green Port initiative has offered financial grant to implement the projects identified in the EMMP.
These two plants and the Green Port initiative if they are taken up will take care of the Garbage problem faced by the Cochin Port.
In spite of Lacunae, Cochin Port is trying its level best to follow the MARPOL Convention in its true spirit.' W.P.(C) No. 32389/2011 : 20 :
3. We are satisfied that sufficient steps have been taken with regard to the reliefs sought for in the writ petition.
Accordingly, instant writ petition is disposed of directing the respondents to ensure implementation of the steps already taken to avoid nuisance and without giving room for further litigation.
sd/-
S. MANIKUMAR, CHIEF JUSTICE.
sd/-
SHAJI P. CHALY, JUDGE.
Rv W.P.(C) No. 32389/2011 : 21 : APPENDIX PETITIONER'S EXHIBITS:
EXHIBIT P1: TRUE COPY OF THE "MALAYALA MANORAMA" NEWSPAPER CLIPPING DATED 24.11.2011.
EXHIBIT P1(a): ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF EXHIBIT P1.
EXHIBIT P2: TRUE COPY OF THE "MALAYALA MANORAMA" NEWSPAPER CLIPPING DATED 25.11.2011.
EXHIBIT P2(a): ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF EXHIBIT P2.
RESPONDENTS' EXHIBITS:
EXHIBIT R1(a): TRUE COPY OF RELEVANT PAGES OF ANNEX I OF MARPOL 73/78 CONVENTION BEING THE REGULATIONS FOR THE PREVENTION OF POLLUTION BY OIL FROM SHIPS.
EXHIBIT R1(b): TRUE COPY OF ANNEX IV OF MARPOL 73/78 CONVENTION BEING THE REGULATIONS FOR THE PREVENTION OF POLLUTION BY SEWAGE FROM SHIPS.
EXHIBIT R1(c): TRUE COPY OF ANNEX V OF MARPOL 73/78 CONVENTION BEING THE REGULATIONS FOR THE PREVENTION OF POLLUTION BY GARBAGE FROM SHIPS.
EXHIBIT R1(d): TRUE COPY OF MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF PORT OF COCHIN AND ISLAND HOTEL MAHARAJ LIMITED, COCHIN.
EXHIBIT R1(e): TRUE COPY OF THE CIRCULAR NO.02/MMPC/RECEPTION/2008 DATED 20.11.2008 ISSUED BY THE FIRST RESPONDENT.
EXHIBIT R1(f) : TRUE COPY OF THE CIRCULAR NO.01/MMPC/RECEPTION/2010 DATED 01.08.2010 ISSUED BY THE FIRST RESPONDENT.
EXHIBIT R1(g): TRUE COPY OF RELEVANT PAGES OF MARPOL CONVENTION.
EXHIBIT R1(h): TRUE COPY OF DELIVERY RECEIPT ISSUED BY THE CONTRACTOR.
EXHIBIT R1(i): TRUE COPY OF LETTER DATED 25.02.2014 ISSUED BY THE CHAIRMAN TO THE SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT.
EXHIBIT R1(j): TRUE COPY OF GOVERNMENT ORDER DATED 03.05.2014.
EXHIBIT R1(k): TRUE COPY OF THE GOVERNMENT ORDER DATED 25.06.2014.
EXHIBIT R1(l): TRUE COPY OF UNDERTAKING GIVEN BY THE CONTRACTOR.
EXHIBIT R1(m): TRUE COPY OF AUTHORISATION LETTER DATED 14.10.2014.W.P.(C) No. 32389/2011 : 22 :
EXHIBIT R10A: TRUE COPY OF THE DETAILED ASSESSMENT OF THE FACILITIES AND DEFICITS REGARDING MANAGEMENT OF WASTE AT COCHIN SEAPORT DATED 13.03.2015.
EXHIBIT R9(a): COPY OF THE GENERAL STANDARDS FOR DISCHARGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS INTO INLAND SURFACE, PUBLIC SEWERS, LAND FOR IRRIGATION, MARINE COASTAL AREAS UNDER SCHEDULE -VI OF THE ENVIRONMENT (PROTECTION) RULES, 1986.
EXHIBIT R1(n): TRUE COPY OF CIRCULAR NO.6 OF 2018 DATED 20.11.2018.
EXHIBIT R1(o): TRUE COPY OF CIRCULAR DATED 07.06.2019 ISSUED BY COCHIN PORT TRUST.
/True Copy/ PS to Judge.
rv