Karnataka High Court
Sri. Nagaraj B.K vs State By Basavanagudi Women Police ... on 3 January, 2020
IN THE HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA AT BENGALURU
DATED THIS THE 03RD DAY OF JANUARY, 2020
BEFORE
THE HON'BLE MR.JUSTICE B.A. PATIL
CRIMINAL PETITION NO.8 OF 2020
AND
CRIMINAL PETITION NO.8730/2018
IN CRIMINAL PETITION NO.8 OF 2020
BETWEEN:
Sri. Nagaraj B.K. S/o.B.R. Krishnamurthy,
Aged about 28 years,
Currently R/at No.22,
Krishnaveni Nilaya,
Hemanna Swamy Larespondent,
Srinivaspur, Yelahanka,
Bengaluru -560 064. ...Petitioner
(By Sri. Srinivas V., Advocate)
AND:
1. State by Basavanagudi
Women Police Station,
Bengaluru,
Represented by
State Public Prosecutor,
High Court of Karnataka,
Bengaluru-560 001.
-2-
2. Smt. Swathi P.,
W/o. Nagaraj,
Aged about 22 years,
R/at 108/D, 6th Cross,
7th 'A' Main, Thyagaraja Nagar,
3rd Block, Bengaluru -28. ...Respondents
(By Sri. Showri H.R., HCGP for respondent No.1;
Sri. T.S. Gurunath, Advocate for respondent No.2)
This Criminal petition is filed under Section 482
Cr.P.C., praying to quash all further proceedings in
C.C.No.27281/2018 registered for the offence p/u/s
498A and 506 r/w 34 of IPC and Section 3 and 4 of D.P.
Act on the file of II Addl. C.M.M. Bengaluru.
IN CRIMINAL PETITION NO.8730 OF 2018
BETWEEN:
1. B.R. Krishnamoorthi,
S/o. B.V. Ramayya,
Aged about 54 years,
2. B.K. Padma
W/o B.R. Krishnamoorthi,
Aged about 48 years
Petition No.1 and 2 are R/at
1/77, Begepalli Village,
Hosur Taluk,
Krishnagiri District -635126
Tamil Nadu.
-3-
3. Sunanda W/o. B.R. Dattreya,
Aged about 53 years,
R/at Begepalli Village,
Hosur Taluk,
Krishnagiri District-635126
Tamil Nadu. ...Petitioners
(By Sri. Srinivas V., Advocate)
AND:
1. State by Basavanagudi
Women Police Station,
Bengaluru,
Represented by
State Public Prosecutor,
High Court of Karnataka,
Bengaluru-560 001.
2. Smt. Swathi P.,
W/o. Nagaraj,
Aged about 22 years,
R/at 108/D, 6th Cross,
7th 'A' Main, Thyagaraja Nagar,
3rd Block, Bengaluru -28. ...Respondents
(By Sri. Showri H.R., HCGP for respondent No.1;
Sri. T.S. Gurunath, Advocate for respondent No.2)
This Criminal petition is filed under Section 482
Cr.P.C., praying to quash all further proceedings in
C.C.No.27281/2018 registered for the offence p/u/s
498A and 506 r/w 34 of IPC and Section 3 and 4 of D.P.
Act on the file of II Addl. C.M.M. Bengaluru.
-4-
These Criminal petitions coming on for Orders,
this day, the Court delivered the following:
ORDER
Learned High Court Government Pleader is directed to take notice for respondent No.1.
2. Sri. Nagaraj B.K., S/o. B.R. Krishnamurthy, petitioner-accused No.1 is present before the Court along with his counsel.
3. Respondent No.2, Smt. Swathi P., W/o.
Nagaraj B.K., is present.
4. Learned counsel Sri. T.S. Gurunath files power to respondent No.2. Registry is directed to print his name.
5. Today both the parties have filed a joint affidavit for having entered into a compromise. In the said compromise both the parties have agreed to dissolve the marriage subject to payment of permanent -5- alimony of Rs.9,50,000/- (Rupees Nine Lakh Fifty Thousand Only) to the respondent-wife by the petitioner-accused and respondent-wife agreed to withdraw the criminal case in C.C.No.27281/2018 on the file of II A.C.M.M. and also Crl.Misc. 182/2018 on the file of II MMTC, Bengaluru.
6. Today petitioner-accused No.1 pays an amount of Rs.4,75,000/- (Rupees Four Lakh Seventy Five Thousand Only) by way of cash and respondent No.2-wife acknowledges the receipt of the same.
Respondent No.2-wife agrees to withdraw all the allegations leveled against the petitioner in the instant case and also in Crl.P.No.8730/2018. Respondent No.2 further submits that she has no claim as against each other, either in civil or criminal aspects and no balance of maintenance and no other rights are there. They are relinquished their mutual rights.
-6-7. It is further agreed that petitioner-accused No.1 undertakes to pay a balance amount of Rs.4,75,000/- (Rupees Four Lakh Seventy Five Thousand Only) before the Family Court at the time of accepting mediation rules on 08.01.2020. Respondent No.2 submits that she has no objection to allow the petitions and quash the proceedings in C.C.No.27281/2018 for the offences punishable under Sections 498A and 506 read with Section 34 of IPC and also Sections 3 and 4 of Dowry Prohibition Act pending before the II A.C.M.M. Court, Bengaluru filed by respondent No.1.
8. The said compromise petitions have been taken on record. The Criminal Petition No.8/2020 and Criminal Petition No.8730/2018 have been filed by the petitioner challenging the proceedings in C.C.No.27281/2018 pending on the file of II A.C.M.M. Court, Bengaluru.
-7-9. When both the parties have filed compromise petitions, at this juncture, petitions have been filed for the parties for compounding the offences, it is worth to mention here itself a decision of the Hon'ble Apex Court, in the case of J.Ramesh Kamath and Others Vs. Mohana Kurupt and Others, reported in (2016) 12 SCC 179, wherein the Hon'ble Apex Court has laid down certain principles as to under what circumstances the Court can quash the proceedings or compound the offences even in respect of a non-compoundable offences, wherein it has been held as under:-
"Held, power vested in High Court under S.482 is not limited to quashing proceedings within ambit and scope of S.320 of Cr.P.C., - In Gian Singh, (2012) 10 SCC 303, it was clearly expounded that quashing of criminal proceedings under S.482 of Cr.P.C., could also be based on settlements between private parties, and could also be on a compromise between the offender and victim - Only that, the above power did not extend to crimes against the society - Further, jurisdiction vested in High Court under S.482 Cr.P.C., for quashing criminal proceedings was held to be exercisable in criminal cases having an -8- overwhelming and predominatingly civil flavour, particular offences arising from commercial, financial, mercantile, civil, partnership, or such like transactions, or even offences arising out of matrimony relating to dowry, etc., or family disputes where wrong is basically private or personal. In all such cases, parties should have resolved their entire dispute by themselves, mutually."
10. The Hon'ble Apex Court has reiterated the principles of law laid down in the case of Gian Singh Vs. State of Punjab and another reported in (2012) 10 SCC 303, wherein it has been observed that the Court can exercise the power under Section 482 of Cr.P.C. depending upon the facts and circumstances of each case and compound the offence. In the case of Narinder Singh and others Vs. State of Punjab and another reported in (2014) 6 SCC 466, it has been observed as under:
"8. We find that there are cases where the power of the High Court under Section 482 of the Code to quash the proceedings in those offences which are uncompoundable has been recognized. The only difference is that -9- under Section 320(1) of the Code, no permission is required from the Court in those cases which are compoundable though the Court has discretionary power to refuse to compound the offence. However, compounding under Section 320(1) of the Code is permissible only in minor offences or in non-serious offences. Likewise, when the parties reach settlement in respect of offences enumerated in Section 320(2) of the Code, compounding is permissible but it requires the approval of the Court. Insofar as serious offences are concerned, quashing of criminal proceedings upon compromise is within the discretionary powers of the High Court. In such cases, the power is exercised under Section 482 of the Code and proceedings are quashed. Contours of these powers were described by this Court in B.S.Joshi v. State of Haryana which has been followed and further explained/elaborated in so many cases thereafter, which are taken note of in the discussion that follows hereinafter.
9. At the same time, one has to keep in mind the subtle distinction between the power of compounding of offences given to the Court under Section 320 of the Code and quashing of criminal proceedings by the High Court in exercise of its inherent jurisdiction conferred upon it under Section 482 of the Code. Once it is found that compounding is permissible only if a particular offence is covered by the provisions of Section 320 of the Code and the Court in such cases is guided solitarily and squarely by the compromise between the
- 10 -
parties, insofar as power of quashing under Section 482of the Code is concerned, it is guided by the material on record as to whether the ends of justice would justify such exercise of power, although the ultimate consequence may be acquittal or dismissal of indictment. Such a distinction is lucidly explained by a three-Judge Bench of this Court in Gian Singh v. State of Punjab. Lodha, J. speaking for the Court, explained the difference between the two provisions in the following manner: (SCC pp.340-41, paras 57 & 59).
"57. Quashing of offence or criminal proceedings on the ground of settlement between an offender and victim is not the same thing as compounding of offence. They are different and not interchangeable. Strictly speaking, the power of compounding of offences given to a court under Section 320 is materially different from the quashing of criminal proceedings by the High Court in exercise of its inherent jurisdiction. In compounding of offences, power of a criminal court is circumscribed by the provisions contained in Section 320 and the court is guided solely and squarely thereby while, on the other hand, the formation of opinion by the High Court for quashing a criminal offence or criminal proceeding or criminal complaint is guided by the material on record as to whether the ends of justice would justify such exercise of power
- 11 -
although the ultimate consequence may be acquittal or dismissal of indictment.
59. B.S.Joshi, Nikhil Merchant, Manoj Sharma and Shiji do illustrate the principle that the High Court may quash criminal proceedings or FIR or complaint in exercise of its inherent power under Section 482 of the Code and Section 320 does not limit or affect the powers of the High Court under Section 482. Can it be said that by quashing criminal proceedings in B.S.Joshi, Nikhil Merchant, Manoj Sharma and Shiji this Court has compounded the non-compoundable offences indirectly? We do not think so. There does exist the distinction between compounding of an offence under Section 320 and quashing of a criminal case by the High Court in exercise of inherent power under Section 482. The two powers are distinct and different although the ultimate consequence may be the same viz. acquittal of the accused or dismissal of indictment."
10. Apart from narrating the interplay of Section 320 and Section 482 of the Code in the manner aforesaid, the Court in Gian Singh case also described the extent of power under Section 482 of the Code in quashing the criminal proceedings in those cases where the parties had settled the matter although the offences are not compoundable. In the first instance it was emphasized that the
- 12 -
power under Section 482 of the Code is not to be resorted to, if there is specific provision in the Code for redressal of the grievance of an aggrieved party. It should be exercised very sparingly and should not be exercised as against the express bar of law engrafted in any other provision of the Code. The Court also highlighted that in different situations, the inherent power may be exercised in different ways to achieve its ultimate objective. Formation of opinion by the High Court before it exercises inherent power under Section 482 on either of the twin objectives, (i) to prevent abuse of the process of any court, or (ii) to secure the ends of justice, is a sine qua non.
11. As to under what circumstances the criminal proceedings in a non- compoundable case be quashed when there is a settlement between the parties, the Court provided the following guidelines: (Gian Singh case, SCC pp.340-41. para 58) "58. Where the High Court quashes a criminal proceeding having regard to the facts that the dispute between the offender and the victim has been settled although the offences are not compoundable, it does so as in its opinion, continuation of criminal proceedings will be an exercise in futility and justice in the case demands that the dispute between the parties is put to an end and peace is restored; securing the ends of justice being the ultimate guiding factor. No doubt,
- 13 -
crimes are acts which have harmful effect on the public and consist in wrongdoing that seriously endangers and threatens the well-being of the society and it is not safe to leave the crime-doer only because he and the victim have settled the dispute amicably or that the victim has been paid compensation, yet certain crimes have been made compoundable in law, with or without the permission of the court. In respect of serious offences like murder, rape, dacoity, etc. or other offences of mental depravity under IPC or offences of moral turpitude under special statutes, like the Prevention of Corruption Act or the offences committed by public servants while working in that capacity, the settlement between the offender and the victim can have no legal sanction at all. However, certain offences which overwhelmingly and predominantly bear civil flavour having arisen out of civil, mercantile, commercial, financial, partnership or such like transactions or the offences arising out of matrimony, particularly relating to dowry, etc. or the family dispute, where the wrong is basically to the victim and the offender and the victim have settled all disputes between them amicably, irrespective of the fact that such offences have not been made compoundable, the High Court may within the framework of its inherent power, quash the criminal proceeding or criminal complaint or FIR if it is satisfied
- 14 -
that on the face of such settlement, there is hardly any likelihood of the offender being convicted and by not quashing the criminal proceedings, justice shall be casualty and ends of justice shall be defeated. The above list is illustrative and not exhaustive. Each case will depend on its own facts and no hard-and-fast category can be prescribed."
12. Thereafter, the Court summed up the legal position in the following words: (Gian Singh case, SCC pp.342-43, para 61) "61. The position that emerges from the above discussion can be summarized thus: the power of the High Court in quashing a criminal proceeding or FIR or a complaint in exercise of its inherent jurisdiction is distinct and different from the power given to a criminal court for compounding the offences under Section 320 of the Code. Inherent power is of wide plentitude with no statutory limitation but it has to be exercised in accord with the guidelines engrafted in such power viz.: (i) to secure the ends of justice, or (ii) to prevent abuse of the process of any court. In what cases power to quash the criminal proceeding or complaint or FIR may be exercised where the offender and the victim have settled their dispute, would depend on the facts and circumstances of each case and no category can be prescribed. However, before exercise of such power, the High Court must have due regard to
- 15 -
the nature and gravity of the crime. Heinous and serious offences of mental depravity or offences like murder, rape, dacoity, etc. cannot be fittingly quashed even though the victim or victim's family and the offender have settled the dispute. Such offences are not private in nature and have a serious impact on society. Similarly, any compromise between the victim and the offender in relation to the offences under special statutes like the Prevention of Corruption Act, or the offences committed by public servants while working in that capacity, etc., cannot provide for any basis for quashing criminal proceedings involving such offences. But the criminal cases having overwhelmingly and predominatingly civil flavour stand on a different footing for the purposes of quashing, particularly the offences arising from commercial, financial, mercantile, civil, partnership or such like transactions or the offences arising out of matrimony relating to dowry, etc. or the family disputes where the wrong is basically private or personal in nature and the parties have resolved their entire dispute. In this category of cases, the High Court may quash the criminal proceedings if in its view, because of the compromise between the offender and the victim, the possibility of conviction is remote and bleak and continuation of the criminal case would put the accused to great oppression and prejudice and
- 16 -
extreme injustice would be caused to him by not quashing the criminal case despite full and complete settlement and compromise with the victim. In other words, the High Court must consider whether it would be unfair or contrary to the interest of justice to continue with the criminal proceeding or continuation of the criminal proceeding or continuation of the criminal proceeding would tantamount to abuse of process of law despite settlement and compromise between the victim and the wrongdoer and whether to secure the ends of justice, it is appropriate that the criminal case is put to an end and if the answer to the above question(s) is in the affirmative, the High Court shall be well within its jurisdiction to quash the criminal proceeding."
The Court in Gian Singh case was categorical that in respect of serious offences or other offences of mental depravity or offence of merely dacoity under special statute, like the Prevention of Corruption Act or the offences committed by Public Servant while working in that capacity. The mere settlement between the parties would not be a ground to quash the proceedings by the High Court and inasmuch as settlement of such heinous crime cannot have imprimatur of the Court."
- 17 -
Even in the case of Srinivasn Iyengar Vs. Bimla Devi Agarwal reported in (2019) 4 SCC 456 at paragraph Nos.8 to 14, it has been observed as under:
8. During the hearing of these appeals, the learned counsel for the Appellants agreed to pay to the original Complainant a total sum of Rs.10,00,000 (Rupees Ten lakh only) towards the full and final settlement of the claim of the original Complainant and it is agreed that, on such payment, the claimant will not proceed with the complaint any further and that the parties may be permitted to compound the offences.
9. Learned counsel appearing on behalf of the original Complainant has stated that the original Complainant is agreeable to accept a total sum of Rs.10,00,000/ offered and that, on such payment, the complainant has no objection if the offences against the Appellants are compounded and the criminal proceedings initiated against them are quashed.
10. Learned counsel appearing on behalf of the original Complainant has submitted that the Appellants may deposit a total sum of Rs.10,00,000/ in the bank account of the original Complainant, the particulars of which are already on record, and on doing so, the Appellants may be permitted to withdraw the amount of Rs.3,75,000/ plus interest if any, already deposited by them.
- 18 -
11. Having heard the learned counsel appearing on behalf of the respective parties and that now the parties have settled the dispute amicably and that the dispute between the parties seems to be having predominant element of a civil dispute and the origin is predominantly or overwhelming a civil dispute, we are of the opinion that this is a fit case to exercise the power under Article 142 of the Constitution of India to meet the ends of justice.
12. We are of the opinion that on payment of total sum of Rs.10,00,000/ by the Appellants to the original Complainant, as agreed between the parties, the criminal proceedings be quashed, considering the decisions of this Court in the case of Parbatbhai Aahir v. State of Gujarat (2017) 9 SCC 641 and Gian Singh v. State of Punjab (2012) 10 SCC 303.
13. In view of the above and for the reasons stated above, we allow the parties to compound the offences, even though the offences alleged are noncompoundable, as the dispute between the parties predominantly or overwhelming seems to be of a civil nature and that the dispute is a private one and between the two private parties. Accordingly, it is ordered that on payment of a sum of Rs.10,00,000/ by the Appellants to the original Complainant to be deposited in the bank account of the original Complainant within a period of two weeks, the criminal proceedings being C.R. Case No. 40C of 2014 pending in the Court of
- 19 -
learned CJM, Tinsukia, stand quashed. On furnishing proof of deposit of Rs.10,00,000/, the Registry to return the amount of Rs.3,75,000/ along with interest, if any, to the Appellants herein, which the Appellants have deposited pursuant to the earlier order of this Court.
14. The present appeals stand disposed of accordingly in terms of the above.
11. Bearing in mind the above facts and circumstances and on perusal of the materials, though the offences are under Sections 498A and 506 read with Sections 3 and 4 of IPC and under Sections 3 and 4 of Dowry Prohibition Act, and also as could be seen from the records, the parties have compromised the matters amicably.
12. Therefore, in my opinion, if the said compromise is allowed, by keeping in view the above said decisions endorsed, the parties can lead a cordial life hereinafter. The said alleged offences are not punishable with death or imprisonment for life and both
- 20 -
the complainant and the respondents are intending to join their hands.
13. In the case of Gian Singh (supra), it has been observed that the High Court is having power under Section 482 of Cr.P.C. to weigh the material on record and take an appropriate decision in accordance with law depending upon the facts and circumstances of each case. Therefore, keeping in view the above said facts and circumstances this Court can exercise power under Section 482 of Cr.P.C., and permit the parties to settle their disputes amicably as entered into.
In light of the discussion held by me above, when the joint affidavit filed and placed before this Court is taken on record and Criminal Petition No.8/2020 and Criminal Petition No.8730/2018 are allowed and in view of the compounding of offences, proceedings in C.C.No. 27281/2018 for the offences punishable under Sections 498A and 506 read with Section 34 of IPC and
- 21 -
also under Section 4 of Dowry Prohibition Act, 2005 on the file of II A.C.M.M, Court, Bengaluru are quashed and the petitions are disposed.
Accordingly, in view of the compromise entered into between the parties, office objections are over-
ruled.
Sd/-
JUDGE BVK